CLEVELAND COUNTY ARKANSAS, GOODSPEED'S HISTORY OF CLEVELAND COUNTY, ARKANSAS
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS. 

CHAPTER XXV 

CLEVELAND (FORMERLY DORSEY) COUNTY-DESCRIPTION-STATISTICS-
ORGANIZATION-COUNTY SEAT AND BUILDINGS-SEAT OF JUSTICE-DIVISION 
INTO TOWNSHIPS-BOUNDARIES-CHANGES OF TOWN- 

SHIP LINES-LIST OF SUCCESSIVE COUNTY OFFICERS-CIRCUIT 
COURT-RELIGIOUS 

AND EDUCATIONAL ADVANCEMENT-VILLAGES AND POST-OFFICES 

EARLY SETTLERS-TIIE CIVIL WAR-THE COUNTY PRESS 

-RAILROADS AND GENERAL PROGRESS-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

Extremes of fortune are true wisdom's test, 

And he's of men most wise who bears them best.-Cumberland. 

  

CLEVELAND COUNTY is situated in ,the southeast part of the State, in the 
third tier of counties from the Louisiana State line, and in the third from 
the Mississippi State line. It is bounded north by Dallas, Grant and Jefferson 
Counties; east by Lincoln and Drew Counties; south by Bradley County, and west 
by Calhoun and Dallas Counties. The Saline River flows in a southeasterly course 
through the central part of the county, and in the central and northern parts
 receives several small tributary streams. Another tributary has its source in 
the northeast corner of the county, flows southeasterly into Lincoln County, 
and forms a junction with the Saline a few miles south of the southern county 
line, near its southeast corner. Besides the Saline River, the best-known 
streams are Moro, Derreiseaux and Big Creeks. The surface of the county is 
rolling and uneven, though in a general sense it is nearly level. Only a small 
portion is under cultivation, the balance being much of it heavily timbered. 
Cotton and corn are the principal agricultural products. There are lumber mills 
in all parts. The county has no mineral deposits of known value, and its underlying 
geological formation is marked by no peculiarities to distinguish it from other 
parts of Southeastern Arkansas similarly situated. The county has an area of 340, 
685 acres. Its real and personal property is assessed at 81,441,000. Its population 
does not vary much from 10,000, about 3,000 of which are colored. 

  

Dorsey County was formed by act of Legislature, April 1 7, 1873. In 188 its 
name was changed to Cleveland County, in honor of S. Grover Cleveland, then 
President of the United States, it not being deemed desirable by a majority 
of the citizens to longer perpetrate the memory of Stephen W. (" Star Route ") 
in the name of the county. The first meeting of the Dorsey County Board of 
Supervisors was held at Pleasant Ridge, on May 17, 1873, and organized with 
Jo Gray as president. Little was accomplished beyond the division of the county 
into townships. At the next meeting, at Toledo, June 2, the residence of N. V. 
Barnett was declared a temporary court-house. The county seat was located at 
Toledo, July 7, and the county purchased the residence in that village of M. T. 
McGehee, for a court-house, and remodeled it for such use. It was a large well 
arranged frame building, the ground floor providing accommodations for the several 
county officials, while the court-room was above. This building was burned about 
2 A. M. March 9, 1889, and the fire is believed to have been of incendiary origin. 

  

Since that time the sessions of the county court have been held in a building 
on the south side of the "square," which also contains the office of the county 
and circuit clerk, and those of the circuit court have been held in the village 
school-house, where jury rooms have also been provided. The offices of the sheriff 
and treasurer are at the residences of those officials. The jail was built in 1875, 
and previous to that time prisoners of this county were detained in the jails of 
neighboring counties. After the destruction of the courthouse, other villages in 
the county became ambitious for the possession of the seat of justice, and Rison, 
Kingsland, Beasley's Switch and New Edinburg, each petitioned in its own interests. 
An election to choose a location to which the county seat should be removed was held 
June 29, 1889, resulting in no choice. A second election was held August 17, following, 
and Rison had an apparent majority of seven votes. Kingsland contested its claim 
showing an apparent majority of thirteen, and the county court decided in favor of 
that place. The contest was continued by Rison in the circuit court, and the latter 
tribunal awarded Rison the victory. The case was appealed by Kingsland and to the 
supreme court and is yet pending. 

  

May, 17, 1873, the board of supervisors, consisting of Jo Gray, president, and 
James H. Bridges and James R. McCullough, divided the county into eight political 
townships, named Red Land, Lee, Saline, White Oak, Whiteville, Smith, Miller and 
Harper. The boundaries of the several townships were established as follows: Red 
Land" Shall commence at the southwest corner of Dorsey County; thence east to the 
southeast corner of Section 36, Township 11, south of Range 11 west; thence following 
the range line north to the Saline River; thence with said river to the township 
line between Townships 9 and 10, in Range 11 west; thence with said township line 
to the Moro Creek; thence down said creek to the place of beginning." Lee" Shall 
commence at the southwest corner of Section 31, Township 11, south of Range 10 west; 
thence with the county line east to Saline River; thence up said river to the point 
where said Saline River crosses the range line between Townships 10 and 11; thence 
south with said range line to the point of beginning." Saline-"Shall commence at the 
point where the township line between Townships 9 and 10 crosses the Moro Creek, and
 with said line east to the Saline River; thence up said river to the northern boundary 
of Dorsey County, and with said boundary line west to the northwest corner of said county; 
thence with the western boundary of said county to the point of beginning." White Oak-" 
Shall commence on Saline River, at the mouth of Derreiseaux Creek; thence up said creek 
to the township line between Townships 8 and 9; thence with said line east to the Big 
Creek; thence up said creek to the northern boundary of Dorsey County; thence west with 
said boundary to the Saline River; thence down said river to the place of beginning." 
Whiteville-"Shall commence at the point where the township line between Townships 8 and 9 
crosses the Big Creek; thence east to the eastern boundary of Dorsey County; thence north
 with said boundary line to the northeast corner of said county; thence west with the 
northern boundary of said county to the Big Creek; thence down said creek to the point 
of beginning." Smith-"Beginning on the Saline River at the mouth of Big Creek; thence 
up said creek to the township line between Townships 8 and 9; thence with said township 
line to Derreiseaux Creek; thence down said creek to the Saline River; thence down 
said river to the point of beginning." Miller" Shall commence at the point where 
the township line between Townships 9 and 10 crosses the Big Creek; thence east 
with said township line to the eastern boundary of Dorsey County; thence north with 
said boundary to the township line between Townships 8 and 9; thence with said 
township line west to Big Creek; thence down said creel: to the point of beginning." 
Harper-"Shall commence at the point where the southern boundary of Dorsey County 
crosses the Saline River; thence with said south boundary of said county east to the 
southeast corner of said county; thence north with the east boundary of said county 
to the. township line between Townships 9 and 10; thence west with said line to the 
Big Creek; thence down said Big Creek to the Saline River; thence down said river to 
the point of beginning." Bowman Township was created at the July term of the county 
court, 1818, from the territory of Whiteville and Miller Townships, and its boundaries 
were described as follows: "Beginning at the Dorsey and Jefferson County line, on the 
section line between Sections 1 and 6; thence south on said section line, which divides 
Ranges 9 and 1'J, to Brushy Creek; thence down the channel of said creek to where it 
empties into Big Creek; thence along the channel of Big Creek to the line between Dorsey 
and Jefferson Counties; thence along said county line easterly to the place of beginning." 
Hurricane Township was erected by the county court, August 5, 1878, by a division of 
Harper Township, making "the township line between Townships 10 and 11 south, Range 9 
west, the dividing line," that portion lying north of said line to be called Harper 
Township, and that portion south of said line "to be cabled and known as Hurricane 
Township." Prairie Township was erected July 20, 1874, from Saline and Red Land Townships, 
and bounded thus: " Commencing at the northwest corner of Section 15, in Township 9, 
south of Range 13 west; thence east along said section line through Township 9 south, 
of Range 12 west, to Saline River; thence south down said river to the northeast corner 
of Section 1, in Township 10 south, of Range 11 west; thence south with the eastern 
boundary of Red Land Township to the southeast corner of Section 13, in Township 10, 
south of Range 11 west; thence west along said section line through Township 10 south, 
of Range 12 west, to Moro Creek; thence north up said creek to the point of beginning." 
The following record appears under date October 1, 18 74: " On this day is presented to 
the board the petition of W. D. Marks and nine others, citizens and electors of Lee 
Township, and J. J. . Mitchell and five other citizens of Prairie Township, praying the 
court to make the following changes in the boundaries of Lee and Prairie Townships, and 
have the same added to the territory of Red Land Township, viz.: To cut off from Lee 
Township the territory lying north from a line commencing at the southwest corner of 
Section 30, and running east to the Saline River, embracing about twelve square miles, 
and lying principally in the Saline Bottom, all in Township 10 south, Range 10 west; 
and to cut off from Prairie Township Sections 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, in Township 10 
south, Range 11 west, containing five square miles. Said petition being considered by 
the board is granted." Niven Township was formed from the following described territory 
of White Oak Township, October B, 1873: " That portion of the township lying between the 
Saline River on the west and the Derreiseaux Creek on the east, and Grant County line on 
the north." In October, 1875, all that portion of Lee Township lying west of Bridge Creek 
was annexed to Red Land Township. January 3, 1881, Section 17, Township 10 south, Range 10 
west, of Red Land Township, was attached to Smith Township. October 7, 1874, Sections 9, 
10 and 11, of Township 9, Range 13, of Saline Township, were annexed to Prairie Township. 
In July, 1888, Sections 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 2?, 34, 35 and 36, Township 10, Range 12, .a 
part of the territory of Red Land Township, was annexed to Prairie Township. Tisdale 
Township was created April 8, 1884, from a portion of Smith Township, described as follows:
 "Sections 4, 5 and B, Township 9 south, Range 10 west, and Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11 
and 12, east of Derreiseaux Creek, in Township 9 south, Range 11 west, and Section 31, 
Township 8 south, Range 10 west, west of Big Creek, and Sections 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36, 
Township 8 south, Range 11 west, east of Derreiseaux Creek, and Sections 15, 18, 21, 22, 
23 and 24, and part of Section 27, east of Saline River, and Section 34, east of Saline 
River, in Township 9 south, Range 11 west." At this time the county has thirteen political 
townships, named and bounded as follows: Saline-north by the county line, east by White Oak, 
south by Prairie, west by the county line; White Oak-north by the county line, east by 
Niven and Tisdale, south and west by Saline; Niven-north by the county line, east by Bowman, 
south by Tisdale, west by White Oak; Bowman-north by the county line, east by Whiteville and 
Miller, south and west by Smith and Tisdale, west by Tisdale and Niven; Whiteville-north and 
east by the county line, south by Miller, west by Bowman; Prairie-north by Saline, east by 
Tisdale, Smith and Red Land, south by Red Land, west by the county line; Tisdale north by 
Niven, east by Bowman and Smith, south by Smith, west by Prairie and White Oak; Smith-north 
by Tisdale, east by Bowman, Miller and Harper, south by Red Land and Prairie, west by 
Tisdale; Miller-north by Whiteville, east by the county line, south by Harper, west by 
Smith and Bowman; Red Land-north by Prairie and Smith, east by Harper and Lee, south by 
the county line, west by the county line and Prairie; Harper-north by Miller, east by 
the county line, south by Hurricane, west by Red Land and Smith; Lee west and north by 
Red Land, east by Hurricane, south by the county line; Hurricane-north by Harper, east
 and south by the county line, west by Lee. 

  

The following are the names and terms of service of the officers of this county: 

  

County and Probate Judge-John Fawcett, 1874-76 (died); W. P. Stephens, November,
 1876-78 L. F. Oaks, 1878-82; J. H. Bridges, 1882-84; J. M. McCaskill, 1884-88; J. 
F. Johnson, 1888-90. 

  

Clerk-H. Hementred, 1873-74; E. P. Marks, 1874-78; N. D. Holmes, 1876-78, 1884-88; 
J. T. Renfrow, 1878-84; Woodson Moseley, 1888-90. This official is ex officio clerk 
of the county and probate courts and recorder. 

  

Sheriff-S. W. McLeod, 1873-74; E. Kendall, 1874-76; A. D. Rogers, 1876-78; W. W. 
Carmical, 1878-80; H. W . Rogers, 1880-86; L. A. Waldrop, 1886-90. 

  

Treasurer-11I. T. McGehee, 1873-74; S. John son, 1874-84; W. L. Conner, 1884-88. A. 
Franklin. 1886-88; J. J. Lee, 1888-90. 

  

Coroner-E. Hobson, 1873-74; William Cash, 1874-78; William Garlington, 1878-80. W. 
C. Tomme, 1880-82; J. F. Crump, 1882-84; W. D. Atwood, 1884-86; J. R. McWilliams, 
1888-88; W. H. Barnett, 1888-90. 

  

Surveyor-J. N. Marks, 1873- 76, 1882-84, 1888-90; W. R. Wyatt, 1876-82; James Jewell, 
1884-83; J. G. Culpepper, 1886-88. 

  

Assessor-C. B. Atwood, 1873-80; R. A. Tucker, 1880-90. 

  

Dorsey, Lincoln and Dallas Counties were represented at the sessions of the 
State Legislature for 1874-75, in the Senate, by Thomas Fletcher; Dorsey County 
was represented in the Lower House by B. B. Martin. In 1877 Lincoln, Dorsey and 
Dallas Counties were represented in the Senate by M. M. Duffle; Dorsey in the House 
of Representatives, by W. H. Blankenship. In 1879 the senatorial representation was 
unchanged. E. L. McMurtrey represented Dorsey County in the Lower House. In 1881 Dorsey, 
Lincoln and Dallas Counties were represented in the Senate by John Niven; Dorsey's member 
of the House of Representatives was N. Y. Barnett. Mr. Niven. still represented his 
district in the Senate in 1883; Dorsey County was represented in the Lower House by 
R. F. Foster. In 1885 J. G. Simmons represented Dorsey, Lincoln and Dallas Counties 
in the Senate; J. M. Taylor was the member of the House of Representatives from Dorsey 
County. In 1887 the name of Dorsey County had been changed, and Cleveland, Lincoln and 
Dallas Counties were represented in the Senate by Mr. Simmons; R. F. Foster represented 
Cleveland County in the Lower House. At the last session, Cleveland, Lincoln and Dallas 
Counties were represented in the Senate by J. W. Patterson; Cleveland County was 
represented in the Lower House by W. J. Stanfield. 

  

Cleveland County is in the Second Congressional District, composed of Cleveland, 
Lincoln, , Grant, Jefferson, Arkansas, Monroe, Prairie, Lonoke, Woodruff, White, 
Faulkner, Conway, Pope, Van Buren, Stone and Cleburne Counties, represented by Hon. 
C. R Breckinridge. The county is in the Tenth Judicial District, composed  of 
Cleveland, Chicot, Drew, Ashley, Bradley and Dallas Counties. Courts in this county 
are held on the second Monday in March and September two weeks. The judge is Hon. C. 
D. Wood, of Monticello, who was elected September 8, 1886, and whose term will expire 
October 30, 1890. The prosecuting attorney is R. C. Fuller, of Princeton, who was 
elected September 3, 1888, and whose term will expire October 30, 1890. Dorsey County 
was represented in the Constitutional Convention of 1874 by Hon John Niven. 

  

The first term of the circuit court of Dorsey (now Cleveland) County convened Tuesday, 
July 8, 1873. The county was then, as now, in the Tenth Judicial District, and Hon. 
Henry B. Morse was then judge. Judge Morse being absent, James R. McCullough was 
elected a special judge by the attorneys at the bar, to preside over the court. The 
grand jurors summoned to serve at that term were Samuel McDaniel, H. D. Word, J. J. 
Teigne, William Breathwit, W. E. Capps, W. K. Threadgill, J. E. Whitehead, G. M. Marks, 
W. M. Hudson, E. H. Green, T. W. Mosley, Nathan Smith,  L. F. Oaks, T. M. Woods, E. M. 
Orton, N. Rigans, B. W. Graves, Ralph Abanatha, W. McMillan, T. S. May, Thomas M. Boyd,
 E. L. McMurtrey, John Faucett, D. W. Wardlaw. The first panel consisted of Samuel 
McDaniel, J. E. Whitehead, E. H. Green, L. F. Oaks, W. McMillan, T. M. Boyd, H. D. Word, 
W. E. Capps, G. M. Marks, T. V. Mosley, T. M. Woods, B. W. Graves. T. S. May, J. J. 
Teigne, W. K. Threadgill, W. M. Hudson. V. M. McGehee was the first prosecuting attorney. 
From time to time some of the ablest, lawyers of the State have practiced at this bar, 
and from the first the resident attorneys have many of them taken high rank. The following 
lawyers, some of them citizens of the county, practice regularly in this court: M. L. 
Jones, W. P. Stephens, A. W. Boyd, W. P. Grace, John A. Williams, J. M. Taylor, D. H. 
Rousseau, J. M. McCaskill, W. S. Amis, J. H. Bridges, W. D. Jones, R. F. Foster, A. B. 
Grace, E. A. Gibson, Samuel Taylor, R. H. Dedman. Several men have been tried for their 
lives in Cleveland County, but only one has been convicted and hanged-Hugh Blackman (colored), 
in 1888, for murder. 

  

The first religious meetings in what is now Cleveland County were held at the houses 
of settlers in different localities, under the ministrations of such preachers as came 
through the country or were in any manner available. Here and there a church house appeared 
as the fortunes of the people improved and their numbers increased. Others were erected in 
turn, until at this time the county is fairly well supplied with houses of worship, and about 
every popular religious denomination is represented more or less strongly within its borders. 
Camp-meetings were long popular and, when held, are still largely attended The early schools
 were as good as the times and circumstances would admit of. The schools have been gradually 
improved and have increased in number until now there are in the county fifteen school-houses; 
nearly twenty teachers are employed; the number of white children of the school age is 2,697, 
and the number of colored ones is 1,125, making a total of 3,822, of whom 1,481 white, and 394 
colored children are enrolled. The number of school districts still greatly exceeds the number 
of school-houses, but more houses are being built and planned and there seems to be. a general 
determination to advance the school interests in every way possible. 

  

There are in this county the following named post-offices: Annover, Audley, Clio, Como, Cook, 
Graywood, Kedron, Kingsland, McKinney, New Edinburg, Orlando, Pansy, Pinchback's Drills, Randall, 
Rison, Rowell, Toledo and White Oak. Toledo, Rison and Kingsland are the most important of these 
points. The first has been since the organization of the county its seat of justice, and as such 
it formerly enjoyed considerable trade and prosperity. It is well located in the midst of a good 
section of the county, and whether it retains the county seat or not, must have some continued 
importance. It has a hotel, several stores and other business places, and a population of about 
100. Bison and Kingsland are contesting for the county seat, and there is more than a fair prospect 
that one of them will obtain it. The former was incorporated in 1890, the latter in 1884. Both are 
stations on the St. Louis, Arkansas & Texas Railroad. Rison has several stores of different kinds, 
and has a good and increasing trade. The population is about 150. At Kingsland there is a furniture 
factory, giving employment to quite a number of men, and a wagon shop does considerable local 
business. The village contains a number of stores and has a population of about 600. New Edinburg 
is a village of 200 population, enterprising and growing, the seat of a considerable trade. At 
Rowell, formerly known as the Center, a good business was once done and there were three or four 
stores. The general and drug store of Dr. W. J. Preston is the only business enterprise there now.
 Several of the other post-offices named have some local trade, and are convenient points of 
exchange for people living round about. 

  

Among the early settlers in what is now Cleveland County, west of the Saline River were H. W.
 Rogers, Alexander Pinchback, the Kennedys, "Thorn" Walker, De Kalb Wiley, Edmund Harrison, M. J. 
Harrison, Jo Gray, Henry Rodgers, William Mall, John Seymour, Col. Green, Col. Thomas Atkinson, 
Stephen Johnson, John Ledbetter, John Haskins, John S. Daniel, Isaac Rogers, A. L. Ross, Sampson 
Rogers, Asa Griswold, H. Marks, John H. Marks, W. B. Smith, Daniel Frasier, Henry Urquhart, 
William Davis, Nathaniel Barnett, Dr. W . D. Barnett, James McDaniel, Warren Crane, Joseph Crane, 
William Mosley, Wiley Mosley, Jabez J. Mosley and Jack Webb. Among those east of the Saline were 
the father of Col. E. L. McMurtrey and his family, Dr. T. W. Chawning, Silas Baggett, W. C. Lane, 
Squire Littlefield, the Harrison family, Dr. C. A. Stanfield, M. T. McGehee, T. M. Dansby, W. T. 
Brewer, Squire Wharton, Judge J. M. Merriweather, Gabriel May and his sons, G. A. J., T. S., and 
J. J. May, David May, Robert Harper, James Harper, the Blankenship family, Squire John Powers, 
Jack and James McElheny, Johnson-Trucks, William Trucks, Rev. T. B. Little, the Tolson family, 
Nicholas Taliaferro and family, N. V. Barnett, the Springer family, the Greens, Mr. Overton, 
father of Rev. J. H. W. Overton, H. G. McCaskill and family, Robert Cherry, the Varnells, W. D. 
Holmes, Rev. Stephen Treadwell and the Hodge family. 

  

Some events of much interest in connection with the war occurred in what is now Cleveland 
County in 1864 and 1865. The first of these was the affair at Mark's Mill. A Federal 
wagon-train, loaded with supplies, had been sent from Pine Bluff to Camden. It was 
accompanied by an escort from 1,000 to 1,500 strong, partly colored troops. On the return 
of the train from Camden, the Federals were ambushed at Mark's Mill by an overwhelming force 
of Confederates, and some whites and nearly all of the negroes were killed, and a large number 
of white prisoners were taken. After this affray, Capt. Barnes (Federal) was left with a 
company to guard the ferry at this point across the Saline River. His command was attacked by 
a force of Confederates from the west bank. There was no great mortality, but the horses of 
the Federal cavalrymen, tethered under the trees along the levee, were killed, and the Captain 
and his men were left dismounted: Shortly afterward it was learned by Gen. Clayton, at Pine 
Bluff, that an attempt would be made by Confederates to surround and capture Capt. Barnes and 
his command, and couriers were sent to warn him of his danger, and order his withdrawal, thus 
preventing a possible discomfiture to the Union forces. Several months later a Confederate 
force of Gen. Fagan's command was temporarily quartered near Longview, on the east bank of the 
Saline, in Ashley County, and -with the idea of capturing or driving the enemy from this point, 
Gen. Clayton went southward with a strong force from Pine Bluff, halting at Mount Elba, on the 
east side of the river. Here a pontoon bridge was laid, and about one hundred me crossed to the 
west side, and proceeded down the river as far as a point opposite Longview, Gen. Clayton, with 
the main body of his command, remaining at Mount Elba. The detachment found quite a detachment 
of Confederates encamped on the west shore of the river, at Longview. The principal part of the 
Southern force, however, was on the other aide. Not far from the camp, on the west aide, was a 
Confederate supply train. The Confederates in the camp mistook the Federal detachment for some 
of Shelby's men-for, in this part of the country, and at that time, many Confederate soldiers 
wore Federal uniforms-and offered no resistance when they dashed past them and down to the water's 
edge, where the Confederates had a pontoon bridge spanning the stream, and with considerable 
show of authority, ordered the  Confederates to cross to the west side as rapidly as possible. 
Unquestioningly and unsuspectingly quite a number crossed, and the Federals made  them prisoners, 
and at once cut the bridge to prevent pursuit by the Secessionists, who were compelled to stand by 
helplessly and see their wagon  train burned and their horses pressed into service to carry away 
their comrades who had fallen into the hands of the Yankees. It was not long before the Confederate 
commander learned that the Federals had a pontoon bridge over the river at Mount Elba, and, 
supposing that the entire Federal force had crossed to the west side of the river, if it had not 
all been engaged in the strategic movement I above described, he hastened his troops up the east 
side of the river to Mount Elba, with the intention of destroying the bridge, and cutting off the 
Federal retreat. But he there unexpectedly met the main body of Clayton's command, and an engagement 
of some length and importance ensued, in which the Federal attachment west of the river returned in 
time to participate, and which resulted disastrously to the Confederates. The affair at Longview 
took place a little after sundown, and the engagement at Mount Elba began about 8 o'clock the 
following morning, the intervening time having been occupied by Gen. Fagan's men, and by the 
detachment of Clayton's force in going from Longview to Mount Elba. Two companies were recruited 
in the county for the Confederate service. Capt. Ben Taliaferro commanded the first, organized in 
June, 1861, which was attached to the Second Arkansas Infantry. Capt. E. L. McMurtrey organized 
the other, a cavalry company, in March, 1862. It became part of the Second Arkansas Cavalry. Both 
of these organizations did gallant service, and many of these members were killed and wounded.

Source: Goodspeed's Biographical and Historical memoirs of Southern Arkansas