Germans in Los Angeles - Chapter V This file is a part of a manuscript entitled "The Germans in Los Angeles County California 1850 - 1900" by Lamberta Margarette Voget, written in February, 1933. Scanning and OCR by Joy Fisher ------------------------------------------------------------------ USGENWEB NOTICE: These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in any format for profit or presentation by other organizations or persons. Persons or organizations desiring to use this material, must obtain the written consent of the contributor, or the legal representative of the submitter, and contact the listed USGenWeb archivist with proof of this consent. ----------------------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER V GERMAN CHURCHES IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY The Germans in early Los Angeles County appear, from the large number of churches, to have been a very religious people. There seem to have been small settlements of persons from the various denominations, who came together in groups as soon as possible and organized regular societies. Services at first would usually be held in the homes of members until sufficient growth and development had made better accommodations possible. A hall would then be rented or a regular church edifice of rather simple type provided, either by remodeling an old building or by erecting a new structure. In most cases, the growth of the society was such that a more commodious building would have to be constructed after a few years. Pastors were called from the east, unless a suitable minister happened to be in Southern California for his health or, for other reasons, lived in the sunny southland. After a few churches had once gained a foothold it was comparatively easy to assist congregations of the same denomination in outlying or adjoining districts to establish themselves. Occasionally, pastors of older assemblies were willing and eager to visit young, aspiring societies, preach to them and help them to become organized. Growth of membership was nearly always due to immigration from the eastern states. Occasionally, members were added from Northern California or directly from Germany. By 1900 the city of Los Angeles could boast of a total of one hundred and thirty-six churches and religious organizations. [1] Of these about eight were German, a few were African, some were Swedish, none were French. [2] The German churches commenced to come into existence about 1875. The city directory for that year listed a total of ten or twelve churches, one of which was German. [3] This latter was the little "German Congregation" located on Spring Street between Fourth and Fifth and meeting every Sunday at 10:30 A. M. and 7:30 P. M. [4] The only other churches which might in any way be considered as foreign were the Jewish, the colored, and the Plaza churches. In the early 'Eighties, several churches came into existence, especially the Trinity Lutheran and St. Joseph's. The city directory for 1890 listed five German churches out of a total of sixty churches. In addition to these, there were several societies in other parts of the county. After this brief introduction the history of each of the churches in Los Angeles county will be considered. ST. JOSEPH'S CHURCH It is interesting to note that the land of the Protestant Reformation had only one Catholic church in this county. The conservatism of the Catholics seemingly having an influence even upon immigration. St. Joseph's Church was under the care of the American Franciscans who had come into the west in 1885 at the instigation of the Spanish priests, who were unable to continue satisfactorily the Mission at Santa Barbara. These Franciscans [6] whose provincial headquarters were at St, Louis, Missouri, took over the German parish in Los Angeles in 1893. [8] St. Joseph's had been founded before this time, however, in 1888, under the leadership of the Rt. Rev. Francis Mora, Bishop of Monterey and Los Angeles, who desired a place of worship for the German Catholic farmers and dairymen scattered about the country. The region about Twelfth and Pico streets was at that time made up of level land with orchards, grain fields and a few homes here and there. Because of the language situation it was desirable that no definite limits be assigned to the parish. Three other Catholic parishes existed in the city, one of which, the Plaza Church, served the Spanish speaking population. It is to be observed that Los Angeles had two English Catholic churches, one Spanish, and one German church, a situation which is in itself an interesting comment on the German element in Los Angeles. The problem of obtaining a German priest for the new parish was a difficult matter. Bishop Mora was obliged to send as far as the Milwaukee diocese from which he borrowed Rev. Florian Bartsch, the first rector of St. Joseph's. [9] It is he who is regarded as the founder of this church. Father Bartsch remained only until August, 1890, at which time Bishop Mora again sent to the above diocese, this time obtaining Rev. A. Reidhaar, who in 1892 was succeeded by Rev. John B. Metzler. On January 1, 1889, the first church building, erected under the leadership of Father Bartsch and located on Santee between Twelfth and Pico streets, was blessed. A room behind the church served as the living quarters for both Fathers Bartsch and Reidhaar. A rectory was built later during the ministry of Father Metzler. When Father Metzler retired, September, 1893, Bishop Mora offered the parish to the Franciscans of the Sacred Heart Province mentioned above. It was accepted on condition that later a German and English (mixed) parish with definite limits be formed. It has remained in the hands of the Franciscans from that time forward. The congregation grew so that it became necessary to enlarge the main body of the church as well as to add a new sanctuary. [10] Even this failed to meet the need for long, and plans were made whereby a new edifice might be erected. In 1899 Father Victor, [11] who administered the parish from 1894 until into the new century, secured the property upon which the present church and convent is situated. Before the century closed, ground was broken for the new building as well as for a new convent which was erected at the same time. [12] St. Joseph's School found its beginnings under the leadership of the first pastor, Rev. Bartsch. Through the services of a lay-teacher, secured for educational purposes, classes were commenced during the first year. When the Dominican Sisters came to Los Angeles it was arranged that two of their number come from their abode on Sichel Street every morning to teach the small classes then in progress. No separate building existed at this time for school purposes; the choir loft of the church had to be utilized. A one-story frame structure was erected in 1894, however, and enlarged the following year, when the building was raised and a new story placed underneath. Another change occurred when the Dominican Sisters [14] settled on the premises in what has now been converted into the "Santee" rooming house. By 1893, the year in which the Franciscans camep the number of children was forty-two; by the time of the dedication of the new church, 1903, about three hundred were enrolled, with suitable additions having been made to the teaching staff. THE GERMAN BAPTISTS The German Baptists were represented in California by three churches. The first of these was the San Francisco church, organized in 1884, while the other two were in Los Angeles. The Los Angeles church was founded on December 26, 1886, with twenty-six members. [15] A study of the later membership of this church shows annual increases chiefly due to baptisms and almost as great decreases due, for the most part, to members having moved away. [16] The following figures will serve to show the growth of the church: the conference year of 1890 began with 45 members and concluded with 61; the year 1895 began with 74 and closed with 104; by 1900 there were 102 at the beginning of the year and 108 at the close. The local and mission offerings were $736.00 in 1887; $2014.04 in 1890; $983.57 in 1895; and $1055.97 in 1900. [17] This church was not listed in the early city directories, indicating, evidently, that it did not meet in a regular place of worship. But on March 4, 1894, the assembly resolved to erect a building, [18] and a few months later were able to dedicate the edifice, located on Eighth and Maple Streets. Of the church at Anaheim almost nothing is known. This was a rural society organized in 1894 with a membership of thirty-five. [19] It ceased to exist in 1917 when it united with another church. THE GERMAN METHODISTS The Methodists have had a comparatively large influence among church-going Germans of California, the number of churches for the state totaling sixteen in 1900 with a membership of more than thirteen hundred. [20] In 1876 Rev. G. H. Bollinger was sent to Los Angeles for the purpose of performing missionary work among the Germans. [21] Upon his arrival he found a small group who had been meeting under the leadership of Dr. C. Zahn, an independent preacher holding services on Spring Street between Fourth and Fifth. [22] Dr. Zahn was informed of the mission of Rev. Bollinger, whereupon he withdrew and allowed the newcomer to continue the work. [23] About thirty persons were present when Rev. Bollinger conducted his first service, which was held in Temperance Hall. Soon the assembly moved into the English Methodist church on Fort Street (Broadway) between Third and Fourth. It was here, on the second Sunday of November, 1876, that the "First German Methodist Episcopal Church" was formally organized by appointment of the conference. [24] Two years later, the society resolved to build a church of its own. [25] In 1879 the new building, located on Fourth Street between Fort and Hill and costing $3,500, was dedicated. [26] A parsonage on Hill Street near Fourth was added to the church property in 1882. Membership by this time had passed fifty and continued to increase with the coming years so that by 1885 it had risen to 120. After a decline to only 93 in 1890, it again arose so that in 1895 there were 135 members, and by 1900 the number had reached 144. [27] Growth of the church was further indicated when in 1896, during the pastorate of Rev. Otto Wilke, the building, which had had a seating capacity of 250, [28] was enlarged to two stories. [29] A Sunday School, organized in November, 1876, counted a membership of seventy persons by the close of the decade. [30] Various other activities were also underway in the church. The city directory for 1890 lists several services per week [31] including a young people's meetings as well as a singing school, the latter meeting every Thursday evening. This is indicative of the interest taken in church affairs. The notice in the directory has this significant comment, "All services in the German language." Two smaller societies were organized in Los Angeles before 1900. [32] Zion Church was founded between 1880 and 1885, the membership at the latter date being twenty-six. Three years later a new building, located on Pico near San Julian, was dedicated, Bishop Goodsell presiding. [33] By 1900 membership had reached eighty-one. [32] The society in South Hollywood was smaller but commenced about the same time. From eighteen members in 1885 the numbers increased to fifty-nine by the close of the century. Pasadena was a part of the German district over which Rev. G. H. Bollinger acted as presiding elder. [34] German settlers here were few and far between, but in 1882 Rev. Bollinger ventured to hold cottage services there. In the fall of the year, at the home of C. H. Biedebach near Lamanda Park, a church was organized with fourteen members. Mr. Biedebach acted as class leader and local preacher. By 1885 the membership was thirty persons. [35] The following year the church was incorporated, and soon a lot was purchased at the corner of Worcester Avenue and Ramona Street, where in the early part of 1887 a church and parsonage were erected, the cost being $3,500. The seating capacity of the church was two hundred and twenty-five. In 1890 there were 59 members, in 1895 there were 79, and in 1900 the number had reached 86. [35] Wilmington could boast of a German-Methodist church by 1890. [35] At that time the society had nineteen members, five years later the number had increased to twenty-seven, and by 1900 the sixty mark had almost been reached. The Methodist society at Anaheim completes the list of German churches of that denomination in Los Angeles County, With only ten members in 1880, the Anaheim Church had more than doubled by the time Orange County was created nine years later. GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCHES The Lutherans, as might be expected in a German population, were fairly numberous in Los Angeles County. The churches came under the Missouri Synod and began with societies at Orange and at Los Angeles, both of which commenced their services in 1882. In 1887 Palmdale was added and in 1892 St. Paul's church at Pasadena. Mission work was also carried on which led to the organization of more churches during the early years of the following century. When the town of Orange was founded, a few German Lutherans, for the most part single men, were among the settlers. [36] Their number increased with the growth of the community, among them being Lutherans from Wisconsin, Minnesota as well as Germany. Unfortunately, no minister was in the group, and, apparently, none was to be had, even though these worshipers were anxious to start a church, Rev. Martin Wyneken of Cincinnati, Ohio, who had retired from active ministry and who had come to Los Angeles for his health, visited the community several times during the year 1881 and encouraged the founding of a church, although he himself was physically unable to undertake the pastoral duties. He was responsible, however, for calling the attention of another supposedly-retired minister, Rev, Jacob Kogler, to the little group. The latter gentleman, who was afflicted with throat trouble, had come to Los Angeles from Minnesota in November, 1881, hoping to obtain physical relief, and when Rev. Wyneken urged upon him the work at Orange he would have refused had not the spiritual need appealed to his sense of duty. He undertook the task immediately. On December 10, 1881, the first sermon was preached and on the same day the first baby was baptized. [37] The second service took place in connection with celebration of the Christmas-tide. The new society was temporarily organized on January 22, 1882, with the imposing name of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of the Unaltered Augsburg Confession at Orange. [37] Rev. Jacob Kogler was called as pastor, the call was accepted and the regular duties undertaken, although the formal installation of the pastor did not take place until May, at which time a representative of the Missouri Synod, Rev. J. M. Buehler of San Francisco, was present. Permanent organization of the church was effected on February 19, 1882, thirteen charter members [38] subscribing to the constitution. The congregation was later incorporated [39] and in February, 1887, it joined the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri. It is noted with interest that the pastor's health improved sufficiently so that he continued in office for thirty- five years. The services were held in the homes of various members for about a year when, because of the influx of new settlers, the society became too large for private homes and plans were made for a regular place of worship. Two lots were purchased and a school building, a frame structure 24x24, was bought from the city and moved onto the lots. [40] After necessary repairs were made, the building was dedicated and put to regular use. This same building was also used to house the parochial school which had been founded by the pastor during the first year of his ministry, but it did not long prove adequate for church services and soon an enlargement to the small edifice was undertaken. An addition doubling the size of the building was made, and in April, 1886, the remodeled house of worship was dedicated. A reed organ, purchased early the following year, served to enhance the religious services. [41] Since Rev. Kogler had his own home, it was not necessary to build a parsonage. [42] The question of the formation of a church at Santa Ana gave rise to a rather knotty problem in 1887. Several of the members of St. John's lived in Santa Ana, and desired permission to withdraw peacefully from the society at Orange and found one of their own. The matter was carefully considered, but because of the small size of St. John's [43] the request was denied. This interesting congregation at Orange cannot be followed further. Before the close of the century a large new frame structure in Gothic style was erected and a pipe organ installed, but after 1889 Orange was no longer a part of Los Angeles County, Before leaving this society, however, a few details of the parochial school, illustrating early efforts and hardships in endeavors of this type, will be considered, A school was opened by the pastor as soon as space was available in the first church. [44] Only nine pupils were then in attendance. The pastor continued as sole teacher for six years, when a teacher was called from the seminary in Addison, Illinois, The school in 1889 numbered forty-six. In regard to the equipment of the early school the following description is available: [44] The church pews were long benches without backs, roughly nailed together from planed boards. The benches served as desks and seats for the pupils in this way; one bench was used as writing desk while another was laid on its side, and the narrow strip served as seat for the children. The perseverance of these early pioneers has been rewarded, for St, John's church later acquired very fine equipment. Trinity Lutheran Church of Los Angeles [46] originated in services conducted by the Rev. Martin Wyneken [47] mentioned above in connection with the church at Orange. This minister had come to Los Angeles in 1880 where he soon discovered persons of his own faith and commenced the religious services which later led to the establishment of the Trinity Lutheran Church. In the autumn of 1881 the prosperity of the group was increased by a number of Lutherans who arrived from St. Louis, Missouri. Soon another ministers Rev. J. M. Buehler of San Francisco, who was afflicted with bronchial trouble, came to Los Angeles. He was not prevented by his handicap, however, from preaching in Leek's Hall on Main Street, a place rented for the services, and on June 25, 1882, with fifteen members, he organized the German Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Congregation of Los Angeles. Rev. George Paul Runkel of Aurora, Indiana, was called to Los Angeles for the purpose of becoming pastor. For twenty-three years Pastor Runkel remained active in the work, and under him the church progressed very satisfactorily. [49] The first church edifice, having a seating capacity of four hundred, [50] was built on Broadway between Sixth and Seventh streets in 1883. The congregation joined the Missouri Synod in 1886. By 1887 the number of voting members had increased to eighteen. A school building was erected at Eighth and Flower streets, to which location the church moved at a later date. A new structure, costing $6,000, was dedicated a few years later and dignified by the installation of a pipe organ, a rather rare feature in the German churches of the pioneer days. An estimate of the school, its problems and characteristics, may be gained from a few general facts. [51] In the earlier years, the school was taught by the pastor, Rev. Runkel. [52] In 1888 E. J. Schaefer became the instructor, with an enrollment of .sixty pupils. This teacher left in 1890, but because of the financial depression no one was called to take his place. Hard times had the further effect of reducing enrollment to only twenty-eight scholars. Shortly afterward, [53] the school was closed entirely for a few months, but in January, 1895, Mr. W. O. Mueller came to the school, teaching intermittently until 1898; at this time Pastor Fischer, who happened to be present in the city, took temporary charge until the arrival of Albert Schendel of Addison, Illinois, who had been called as the regular instructor. The work of the school continued successfully under the leadership of the latter. St. Paul's Church of Pasadena, the third German Lutheran church to be considered, began near the close of the 'Eighties under the ministry of Rev. George Runkel of Los Angeles. It seems that a temporary organization was effected in May, 1892, with a small group of eight members, and that the church was formally organized on November 17, 1893, with fifteen members. [54] Rev. George Saager became the pastor. A building was soon erected on the corner of Walnut Street and Vernon Avenue, the total property costing between twelve and fifteen hundred dollars. [55] By May, 1894, the membership had not gone above twenty-five. [56] A Sunday School was maintained but no parish school. The growth was retarded here prior to 1900 because of a difficult pastor-church situation in which religious controversies and financial embroglios were a source of irritation, and the society did not prosper as otherwise might have been the case. [57] The Zion Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of Palmdale was organized in that German community in 1887. [58] Rev. Christian Meyer of New Zealand came as pastor. A parochial school was also started in that same year, the enrollment being twenty-eight. [59] By 1892 the church had grown so that it could entertain a Mission Festival, but as the result of a disasterous drought during the years 1896 and 1898, the members began moving away, and finally the effort had to be abandoned. Somewhat different from the regular church activities discussed above was the mission work carried on by the Lutherans. It has been seen that ministers from the east conducted services during the days of pioneering in a more or less informal manner in both Los Angeles and Orange. Both of these centers of activity developed into thriving societies which were soon enabled to effect organizations of their own. It was natural that a wide-awake church should spread its activities beyond its own circle and supply other needs that seemed to exist. In this way the church at Los Angeles, through its pastor, Rev. Runkel became the mother of the society at Pasadena. The church at Orange carried on activities in Anaheim which in 1903 culminated in the founding of a separate church. [60] The year 1900 also found mission work being conducted in Azusa, where fourteen Lutheran families were served by Rev. F. Reiser, the pastor at Pasadena. [61] EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION The Evangelical Association was a denomination originating among the Germans of eastern Pennsylvania during the early years of the nineteenth century, [62] Jacob Albright, the founder, began his work as a Methodist, but since at that time the latter denomination had no provisions for ministering to the German-speaking people, Albright, who saw the need, started "classes" which later developed into a separate church known as the Evangelical Association. By 1899 the total membership of the denomination had reached 117,613, [63] the largest number being in the middle west. The first church to be organized in the west was the society at Santa Ana, which began in 1881 with ten charter members, the latter being Germans who had moved to the coast from the middle west. [64] The act of organization took place in the home of one of the members, but by the following year a church had been erected on Ross and Fifth streets. This building remained the home of the society until 1905, at which time the church now (1932) in use was built. In 1889, the time of the formation of Orange County, the membership was about thirty-five. The Evangelical church at Los Angeles was organized in 1884, the services being held, during the first years, in Opera Hall on Main Street near First. [65] Later a church was built at 618 South Olive Street, [66] at which place the church was located until 1903, when the property was sold for $32,500. [67] The city directory for 1890 announces two services on Sunday, also Sunday School at nine o'clock, prayermeeting on Thursday evening, singing exercises on Friday evening, and young people's meeting on Tuesday evening. [66] A church under this denomination also existed in Wilmington for a brief period, but it had to be abandoned. [68] OTHER GERMAN CHURCHES A study of the German churches in Los Angeles County should not be concluded without mentioning some of the less-known societies which existed during this period. Not to be confused with the Evangelical Association discussed above was the German Evangelical Church under the Synod of North America, the Los Angeles church commonly being called the "Friedensgemeinde." [69] It was located, for a time at least, on San Julian Street, near Seventh. [70] The Los Angeles city directory for 1886-1887 mentions three Lutheran churches not included in the above study, one at Pomona, [71] which was said to have been organized in 1885, one in Wilmington, [72] which had no regular pastor but depended upon supplies, and one in Los Angeles, [73] which held its services in the "Hall near the Court House." But little is known of the work of any of these churches. Mr. Reid in his History of Pasadena [74] mentions a German Baptist church or a Dunkard society which seemed to have existed in Pasadena for a time. In the above survey of the religious life of the Germans in Los Angeles County it has been seen that a large number of churches were actively engaged in serving this part of the foreign population. Two outstanding groups have been observed, the German Methodist Episcopal and the German Lutheran. Each had several churches. The Evangelical Association and the German Baptists were also fairly well represented. An active, growing Catholic church was maintaining itself very well, although it was the only one of its kind, Los Angeles, as may well be expected, was the center of religious life, no doubt, because it was the center of the German population as well as the English. Beginnings were always small, yet they were quite definite. Let there be a group of settlers, usually from the east, a common religious faith, a minister, and someone to bear the financial responsibility, and a church was the result. For the most part, progress was gradual but sure. A glance into the early years of the next century reveals a rather startling series of accomplishments which had their beginnings in these pioneer decades. The churches were a strong factor in holding together the German population of Los Angeles County and in perpetuating its separate identity. The social and religious characteristics of these foreigners made this possible. Mr. A. B. Faust, who has been quoted frequently in this study, says of this phase of their life: [75] For the large majority of the German, immigrants, their history has shown them to be eminently a religious folk. They brought their preachers with them at the beginning and held to their religious doctrines until merged in the stronger currents of American life, or until they gained strength enough to found lasting religious institutions of their own. Similar in extent and enthusiasm was the German interest in social life. The large number and variety of clubs testify to the German zest and joy in living. But the lives of these folk were not all play. In general, they were industrious and diligent. There was a large middle class with here and there a sprinkling in the upper and lower ends of the scale. These habits of persevering labor and careful forsight enabled a number of Germans to found the colony of Anaheim, which even yet is stamped with German characteristics. To an unusual degree, these foreigners may look back with pride to their participation in the early development of Los Angeles County. [1] Los Angeles, City Directory. 1900-1901. 17-20. [2] It seems that there were no French churches in Los Angeles County before 1900. [3] Los Angeles, City Directory. 1875. 76 lists 10 churches; [4] Ibid., 76. [5] Ibid., 1890, 32-38. The German Baptist Church seems not to have been included in this list. [6] Los Angeles, St. Joseph's Church, Souvenir of the Silver Jubilee is the chief source for the information on this church. Note the these Franciscans are not to be confused with the Franciscans in Spanish California. [7] Ibid., 65. [8] Ibid., 35. [9] Los Angeles, St. Joseph's Church, Souvenir of the Silver Jubilee, 35. [10] Ibid., 37. [11] Rev. Victor Aertker, O. F. M. [12] The dedication of the new buildings took place in 1903. [13] Los Angeles, St. Joseph's Church, Souvenir. 39. [14] Two teachers and a lay Sister. [15] Los Angeles, First German Baptist Church, Annual Reports. [16] In 1892 the drop in membership was from 80 to 59; 20 had moved away. [17] Los Angeles, First German Baptist Church, Annual Reports. [18] Los Angeles, First German Baptist Church, Minute Book, 7-8. [19] Schroeder, Otto R., to Voget, Letter. [20] Kamp, H. D., German Societies in the Methodist Episcopal Church. [21] For the account of the history of the First German Methodist Church see Fest-Programm; also Thompson and West, History of Los Angeles County. [22] Los Angeles, City Directory. 1875, 31. The Fest-Proaramm states that the services were conducted in the home of the preacher. [23] Later, Dr. Zahn joined the church, became a member of the Board of Trustees and was licensed as a local preacher. [24] Thompson and West, History of Los Angeles County" 121. [25] Los Angeles, First German Methodist Church, Fest-Programm, 4. [26] It was free from debt, but the lot belonged to a member. [27] Kamp, H. D., German Societies in the Methodist Episcopal Church. [28] Los Angeles, City Directory. 1886-1887. 59. [29] Los Angeles, First German Methodist Church, Fest-Programm. 4. [30] Thompson and West, History of Los Angeles County. 121. [31] Los Angeles, City Directory. 1890. 35. [32] Kamp, H. D., German Societies in the Methodist Episcopal Church. [33] Los Angeles, Sud-California Post. February 17, 1893, 3/2. [34] Reid, Hiram A., History of Pasadena. 481. [35] Kamp, H. D., German Societies in the Methodist Episcopal Church. [36] Orange, Evangelical Lutheran St" John's Church, Golden Anniversary, 32. Also see Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California, 37-39, for the history of the church at Orange. [37] Orange, Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church, Golden Anniversary" 33. [38] Ibid., 34. Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California states the number of members as fourteen. [39] September 11, 1883. Orange, Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church, Golden Anniversary, 35. [40] Orange, Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church, Golden Anniversary. 35. The price was $250. [41] The German language was used exclusively during this whole period. [42] Ibid., 38. [43] There were only 59 voting members in 1895 when the new church was dedicated. Orange, Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church, Golden Anniversary, 36, contains information on this problem and its disposal. [44] Orange, Evangelical Lutheran St, John's Church, Golden Anniversary. 44. [45] F. A. Folkmann. [46] Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches Of Southern California. 19-20. [47] There seems to be a question about the spelling of this name. I have used the spelling given in Orange, Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church, Golden Anniversary. 32-33. Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California gives the spelling as "Wyncken." [48] Rev. Wyneken was the pastor during the first months. Rev. Runkel was installed in March, 1883. Los Angeles, City Directory. 1886-1887. 57. [49] Deutsch-Amerikanischer Verband, Feier des Ersten Deutschen Tages. Pastor Runkel died in May, 1905. [50] Los Angeles, City Directory. 1886-1887. 11. [51] This information is taken from Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California" 23-24. [52] 1883 to 1889. There were brief intermissions during which others were employed. [53] This was about 1892. [54] Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California. 49-50, gives May 29, 1892, as the date for the founding of the church. Eight persons are said to have been the charter members. Reid's History of Pasadena. 494 states that November 17, 1893, was the date of organization and gives the names of the fifteen charter members. I assume this apparent contradiction to have the interpretation given above. [55] Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California. 49-50, states the cost of property at $380 and building at $856; Reid's History of Pasadena. 494, says that "a church was built . . . costing $1,500,." [56] Reid, H. A., History of Pasadena. 494. [57] Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California. 49-50. [58] Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California. 45-46. [59] Lankow, Martin, to Voget, Letter. October 23, 1931. [60] Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California, 65. The interest taken in Santa Ana by the Orange members has already been noted. [61] Evangelical Lutheran Church, History of the Churches of Southern California, 49. This work was later transferred to Covina, where a church was organized, 1907. Ibid.,141. [62] Spreng, S. P., History of the Evangelical Association. [63] Ibid., 114 [64] Matz, E. W., Historical Notes. This church is mentioned in Los Angeles, City Directory, 1886-1887, 115. [65] Los Angeles, City Directory, 1886-1887, 57. Listed under the name "German Evangelical." [66] Ibid., 1890. 34. [67] Los Angeles, Evangelical Association, Churchbook. A new church was erected. [68] Matz, E. W., Historical Notes. [69] Los Angeles, City Directory. 1887-1888. 11; Ibid., 1890, 34; Los Angeles, Sud-Calif ornia Post, February 17, 1893, 4/4, contains an announcement; Deutsch- Amerikanischer Verband, Feier des Ersten Deutschen Taqes. [70] Los Angeles, Sud-California Post, February 17, 1893, 4/4. The address is given as 548 San Julian. [71] Los Angeles, City Directory, 1886-1887. 97. [72] Ibid., 195. [73] Ibid., 57 [74] Reid, H. A., History of Pasadena, 311, 486. [75] Faust, A. B., The German Element in the United States. 429