Sonoma County CA Archives History - Books .....Santa Rosa Township, Part 2 1880
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Book Title: History Of Sonoma County

   March 2, 1875, we are informed by the city records that gas lamps and
drinking hydrant were ordered to be placed in the center of the plaza.

   On April 5th the following corporate officers were sworn in: C. C. Farmer,
President; A. Korbel, A. H. Smith, F. B. Morgan, and W. B. Stanley, Board of
Trustees; G. A. Thornton, City Clerk; G. T. Pauli, Treasurer; J. M. White,
Marshal; J. G. Pressley, City Attorney; J. H. McGee, Recorder^ Street
Commissioner, Wesley Mock; Assessor, P. McDouall.

   An ordinance regulating a drainage system was passed on May 7th, and on the
same day it was directed that that portion of the city lying to the-south of the
creek should be known as South Santa Rosa, and the street from the bridge,
southerly, be called Santa Rosa avenue. September 9th, the property tax was set
at sixty cents per one hundred dollars; the street tax at two dollars, and the
dog tax to be reduced to two dollars. On the 19th October, W. G. Atkins was
appointed Fire Marshal, with instructions to assume charge of the fire hydrant,
while on the 30th the resignation of J. G. Pressley was accepted, and J. T.
Campbell appointed City Attorney in his stead. A new bridge was ordered, on
November 8th, to be built across the creek on C street, and on December 7th, the
plan of Z. King & Co. for an iron bridge was adopted.

   In the matter of general history below will be found the location by streets
and the names of the owners of such business houses as had been erected in the
year 1874. Beginning with C street, (or as it is improperly called Main street)
we have first the three-story addition to the Grand Hotel, making it larger by
thirty rooms. Messrs. A. Neece and Robert West own the property; Luke Kelly is
landlord, to a house always full of guests. Next on C street is the wine house
of White & Atkins, remodled and built over this year. On the opposite side of
the street is the large carriage and wagon factory and blacksmith shop of Ross &
Co,, steam power and complete in all its appointments; J. P. Clark, proprietor
of the ground and buildings. On Third street we have J. Ridgway's ten brick
stores, twenty feet front by sixty deep. At west end -of Third street is the
immense feed store and hay warehouse, owned by Dr. J. F. Boyce, and kept by
Charles Clark. On the west side of the plaza is the elegant and complete banking
house of the "Savings Bank of Santa Rosa," a building which would do credit to
San Francisco. Three doors above, on the same side of the plaza, is the Democrat
building, a two-story brick, twenty-four feet front by one hundred deep. The
ground floor is occupied by the elegant dry goods house of Leibman & Co., the
upper floor by the Democrat office, T. L. Thomson, proprietor. Adjoining the
Democrat building on the north A. Kohle has made an addition of twenty-four by
thirty-two to his two-story brick. On Fourth street, first is the postoffice
block, fifty feet front by seventy-five feet deep, two-story brick, owned by
Mrs. Spencer. The stores on the ground floor are occupied, one by Rufus Temple,
druggist, and J. M. Honey, wholesale liquor dealer. On the corner of Fourth and
B streets is a handsome and elegant two-story brick, forty feet front by
seventy-five deep, owned by Gen. D. H. Parks. Adjoining Parks, on the east, is
the two-story brick belonging to Mrs. Byrne, twenty by seventy-five; it lias the
same finish as the Parks building, making a most creditable appearance. Messrs.
James P. Duncan and A. L. Stephens were the contractors. Next east of Mrs.
Byrnes' building is the store put up by Gentry & Morris, and occupied by Mr.
Davis as a dry goods and fancy store. On the south-west corner of B and Fourth
streets, S. A. Rendall has a two-story frame, formerly on the corner of Third
and B streets. On the south-east corner of the same streets T. W. Smith has
fitted up a market. Further down on Fourth, L. Wilde has a building used by him
for his business, shoe-making. On the corner of Davis and Fourth streets is the
American Exchange Hotel, a large two-story frame, put up and owned by J. E.
Perkinson. On the opposite side of Fourth street is the building occupied by
Jas. Brown, as a meat market, put up and owned by Thomas Duffy. Two doors above,
on the same side, is the large addition to Santa Rosa Carriage Factory, put up,
owned and occupied by D. C. Nicholl. Two doors further west is the building
erected by L. B. Hall, and occupied by Fisher & Reagan, for their marble works.
Directly opposite which is the building occupied by J« Healy, shoe-maker, put up
and owned by John Boylan. Next west of the marble works is the building erected,
owned and occupied by Santa Rosa Hose Company. On the west side of the railroad
track is the large foundry and machine shop, put up, owned and occupied by W. H.
Smith and H. F. Shulte.

   The elegant and commodious public school-house, with accommodation for six
hundred pupils, is also on Fourth street. Dr. W. T. Cocke occupies an office
next to the new meat market of Mathews & Seawell, both erected this year.
Further down on Fourth street is the lumber-yard of Murphy Brothers, and
necessary office buildings and sheds, to be accredited to 1874. Of the
above-mentioned business houses, A P. Petit was the contractor and builder of
the Grand Hotel, Savings Bank, Postoffice Block, Public School-house, Democrat
building, and also that of A. Kohle; and Arnold Childers. of Ridgway's ten
stores, on Third street. We think there is not another interior town in the
State which can show an equal number of business houses, and of the same costly
character put up in 1874.

   On February 17, 1875, occurred the death of another old resident in Doctor
John Hendley. He was born in Lexington, Kentucky, September 20, 1820; came to
California in 1850, and then located in Sonoma county, settling in the following
year on his farm, where he died. He was for many years engaged in mercantile
pursuits in Santa Rosa, and served one term as County Clerk, and for two years
as County Treasurer. His death was sorrowfully felt throughout the county, and
many marks of esteem and affection were manifested at his untimely demise.

   On the night of December 7, 1875, the usually quiet and orderly city was
thrown into a state of great excitement on the occasion of the stabbing of
Charles Stevens, a native of England, by F. A. Heflin, clerk to David Carithers.
The cause of quarrel is thus stated: About two months previously Stevens had
purchased a vehicle, which he ran as a job and express wagon. He purchased a
horse from Heflin when he started this business. The difficulty which led to his
death originated about this purchase. Heflin sold the horse to Stevens for
thirty-five dollars; Stevens paid twenty dollars on account, leaving fifteen
still due. Heflin had asked Stevens for the money several times. Stevens wanted
Heflin to take the horse back. So the matter stood when the fatal occurrence
took place. The accused was admitted to bail, tried on March 2, 1876; a new
trial was had on the 16th, May; when he was found not guilty.

   The year 1876 is prolific with the doings of the city. On January 6th an
ordinance amending license ordinance; also, one prohibiting obstruction of
streets was passed; on April 12th the following resolution was unanimously
adopted by the Board of Trustees on the occasion of the retirement of their
President, C. C. Farmer. "Resolved, That the thanks of this Board be tendered to
C. C. Farmer, our honorable President, for the impartial manner in which he has
presided over our meetings for the past year, and for the faithful performance
of those duties devolving upon him, with an eye single to the best interests of
the city at large, and in retiring from the position as President of this Board,
he carries with him the highest regards of each and every member as an honorable
man and faithful officer." The resolution was ordered published.

   April 12, 1876, the following members of the Common Council and the Mayor
elect took and subscribed the official oath: E. Neblett, Mayor; A. H. Smith, W.
B. Stanley, A. Korbel, F. R. Morgan, G. A. Tupper and William Gable, Councilmen;
John B. Davis, Clerk; John Tyler Campbell, Attorney; Charles G. Ames, Treasurer;
John Brown, Recorder; John W. White, Marshal; J. S. Simons, Assessor; A.
Shepherd, Street Commissioner. The members then proceeded to determine the
length of the terms of their offices by lot, as provided in the charter of the
city, with the following result: For two years—A. H. Smith, G. A. Tupper,
William Gable. For four years—W. B. Stanley, F. R. Morgan, A. Korbel. At this
meeting a committee was appointed to select a place wherein the meetings should
be held, and the Marshal was authorized to appoint four policemen. A proposal
from D. D. Davidson to furnish water for the plaza was accepted, at fifty cents
per thousand gallons, on the 2d May, while at the same time the license for
circuses was raised to twenty-five dollars for each exhibition. On the 26th it
was carried, on motion, that all houses advertising for boarders should pay a
license of five dollars per quarter; it was also ordered that any person selling
less than a quart of liquor should be considered a retailer, and made to pay a
tax of fifteen dollars per quarter. June the 6th a Finance Committee was
created, and Messrs. Smith, Stanley and Korbel appointed to serve on it; on the
same day the sum of three hundred dollars toward the centennial celebration;
also, "An ordinance in revision of the ordinances governing the city of Santa
Rosa," was read a third time and passed. On motion, His Honor the Mayor was
authorized to have the charter and ordinances published in book form.

   The charter in present use was adopted in the year 1876, and declares that
the town of Santa Rosa shall be a body politic and corporate under the name and
style of the city of Santa Rosa, and by that name shall have perpetual
succession, and by that name may sue and defend in courts, etc. It defines the
corporate limits of the city to be as follows, to wit: Beginning at a point
three-fourths of a mile due north of the northwest corner of Fourth and C, or
Mendocino streets; thence due east three-fourths of a mile; thence due south one
and a half miles; thence due west to the westerly line of the San Francisco and
North Pacific Railroad; thence along the westerly line of said railroad to the
north bank of Santa Rosa Creek; thence westerly, following the meanderings of
the north bank of said creek to the westerly line of a tract of land known as
the Hewitt addition to the city of Santa Rosa; thence along the westerly line of
said Hewitt addition and the land of Dr. J. F. Boyce, to the center of the
county road, known as the Redwood or Laguna road; thence due north to a point
due west of the point of beginning; thence due east to the point of beginning.
The corporate powers of the city consist of a Mayor and six Councilmen, any four
of whom constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; besides which there
are a Recorder, Treasurer, Street Commissioner, Attorney, Clerk, Marshal and
Assessor, to hold office for two years. The Councilmen, after the first
election, to be chosen for four years.

   On the 4th October the prayer of Mark L. McDonald and Jackson R. Myers, to
construct a street railroad within the city limits, was granted, while at the
same session a petition from the retail liquor dealers, and their prayer, viz:
the lowering of licenses, granted. Licenses were thereupon ordered to be lowered
to ten dollars per quarter.

   On March 11, 1876, the iron bridge mentioned above was formally dedicated
amid much ceremony. It is what is known as Z. King's Patent Wrought Iron Tubular
Arch Bridge, manufactured by the King Iron Bridge Company of Cleveland, Ohio,
the materials being brought over with, and the construction personally
superintended by, George E. King. It is the first and only iron bridge on the
Pacific coast, and Santa Rosa has reason to be proud of it. It cost in the
vicinity of three thousand dollars, is situated over the creek on C street, and
its dimensions are one hundred and twenty-five feet in one span, with a
carriage-way of sixteen feet and foot-way five feet wide. In this same month,
coal gas was introduced by J. E. Ager and L. A. Kelly, they having bought out
the Maxim Gas Company and their gaso-lyne paraphernalia. A new company was
formed with E. T. Farmer, President; C. F. Juillard, Vice-President; L. A.
Kelly, Secretary, and the Santa Rosa Bank, Treasurer. New buildings were soon
commenced on First street, which when completed would cost twenty-five thousand
dollars. The city was first lit with gas from coal on May 29, 1876. In June, the
Mark West Water Company was established, the incorporators being William Hector,
S. T. Coulter, H. T. Hewitt, A. Korbel, and John K. Smith. The capital stock was
fifty thousand dollars, and the fluid to be brought from Mark West and Wallace
creeks and their tributaries. In the month of April, the Methodist Episcopal
Church was dedicated, and the Occidental Hotel, a large and commodious
establishment, opened; while, we may here remark, that during the year 1876, the
following new industries were started, namely: a large and extensive manufactory
of wine; a large fruit-drying establishment; a boot and shoe factory calculated
to employ from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty men and women; a fruit
brandy distillery with a capacity of three hundred gallons per day; a glove
factory, and an extensive broom factory.

   The annals of this year, 1876, we will close with the following record, an
unhappy one at best: About midnight on the 9th June an armed and masked mob
entered the town, cut the bell-rope to the engine-house to prevent alarm,
captured the city watch, went to the house of Jailor Wilson, who kept the jail
keys, took him prisoner, forced him to open the doors of the jail, to point out
the cell of Charles W. Henley, who had surrendered himself for the killing of
James Rowland, which occurred May 9, 1876. Wilson was told to unlock the cell of
the prisoner, which he did. Henley was bound and gagged, and in his night
clothes was taken to a wagon in the street and thence just outside the limits of
the city, where he was hanged to the limb of a tree. The affair would appear to
have been well planned, the members of the mob answering to numbers instead of
names, while several other precautions were taken to prevent identification.

   On February 10, 1877, the records of the mayoralty show the following
resolution, which was adopted: "Resolved, That hereafter whenever any street or
streets shall be ordered graded and graveled, that the work be let out by
contract. That those taking said contract shall hold the parties owning property
on said street for their pay, thereby relieving the city of the responsibility
of the same." Dr. J. F. Boyce was elected Health Officer of the city on March
10th, and an ordinance passed on the same day relative to the prevention of
small-pox, and on the 14th a pest-house was reported completed.

   May 1st, the petition of E. T. Farmer and his associates asking for franchise
for street railroad through certain streets was referred to a special committee,
as was also a remonstrance on the part of A. P. Petit and others, residents on
Third street, against the allowing the T rail, by Farmer and others. On June
5th, the following ordinances were passed and adopted: "An ordinance granting
franchise for street railroad to E. T. Farmer and others." "An ordinance
granting the right to build a street railway to Mark L. McDonald and
associates." "An ordinance to prevent obstructions in the slough." "An ordinance
requiring sidewalks on graded streets to be kept clean of weeds and
obstructions," while, on the 16th, an ordinance in relation to beef peddlers was
read and passed. August 7th, C. C. Farmer was appointed in place of Councilor
Gale, who had resigned. It was also, on the same day, announced that C,
Mendocino and Joe Davis streets should be changed to Mendocino avenue, from the
north side of the plaza to the north line of the city. The taxes were fixed on
September 7th as follows: for city purposes, fifty cents in one hundred dollars;
and twenty-one cents in one hundred dollars for school purposes.

   On March 11, 1878, an ordinance regulating the license of circuses,
menageries, etc., was adopted; and on the 19th, others were passed defining the
liabilities of junk-shop keepers, pawn brokers, etc.; and establishing the grade
of Fourth street, between the east line of I street and the San Francisco and
North Pacific Railroad Company.

   April 4th, the election of a corporation was held, with the following result:
Mayor, George A. Johnson; Recorder, C. B. Cox; Attorney James H. McGee; Clerk,
Oscar Morrison; Marshal, William C. Beekner; Street Commissioner John Mcllmoi];
Assessor, G. A. Tupper; Treasurer, F. G. Hahman; Council-men, C. F. Juillard, E.
H. Smythe, T. J. Proctor, for four years each; on the 16th, the undermentioned
committees were chosen: Finance—Councilors Stanley, Korbel and S my the; Public
Works—Councilors Juillard, Proctor and Morgan; Ordinances—Chairman, the City
Attorney, with Messrs. Proctor and Juillard.

   Permission was granted, on April 18th, to the Latter Day Saints to use the
council chamber for church services on the Sabbath day, free of charge, the
Literary Society being also granted its use on certain evenings of the week,
provided that they pay one dollar per night for the gas consumed. On May 7th,
the resignation of Councilor Korbel was laid on the table; on the 10th,
ordinances establishing a Surveyor's office, and preventing the hitching of
animals to hydrants, and relative to the Board of Health, were passed; while, on
the 21st, Doctor R. S. Young, A. L. Cox, J. B. Armstrong, Henry Wise and E. T.
Farmer were appointed that Board. June 4th, Ben. Farmer was appointed City
Surveyor; on August 6th, a petition was received from the Santa Rosa Gas Light
Company, asking that a franchise be granted the company for the term of fifty
years from date. With reference to this prayer, Mr. Stanley stated that a
franchise had been formerly granted, but that no record of the same could be
found; therefore to grant the petition would be but to renew the former
franchise, which, on motion, was adopted. On the same date the Board of
Education was given the use of the city hall as a place wherein to hold their
meetings; and on the 23d, the Board of Health reported the completion of their
organization.

   Mayor Johnson tendered his resignation on the 24th September, 1878, on
account of possibly prolonged absence from the city, when T. J. Proctor was
elected to the civic chair in his stead. On this date the following ordinances
were adopted: ordinance relative to persons under the age of eighteen years
being required to leave the streets after half-past eight o'clock in the
evening; and that amending the ordinance establishing a Board of Health. Dr. W.
Finlaw was appointed to that Board on October 25th, vice Armstrong, resigned; on
November 5th, C. C. Farmer was selected to succeed Councillor Korbel on the
Council Board, and on December Gth, the following matters were attended to: The
meetings of the Council for the future to be held in the engine house; the plaza
placed under the charge of the Street Commissioner, the contract for
superintending which with W. H. Nash being rescinded; and the Clerk authorized
to correspond with the agent of the Globe Gas Light Company, with a view to
introducing their system of lighting into the city.

   On January 7, 1879, Councillor Morgan resigned his position, and on the 9ch
L. W. Smallwood was elected to the Board in his stead. On March 1st a spirit of
retrenchment would appear to have suddenly shown itself; the lawn mower and
wheelbarrow used in the plaza were directed to be sold to the best advantage. On
the 21st it was '''Resolved, That it is the unanimous opinion of this Council
that the county hospital in its present location is a nuisance and detrimental
to the health of this city, and that the Board of Supervisors of this county be
requested to remove the same without delay to some more isolated place, where
the health of our citizens will not be so much in jeopardy," while in this
regard the subjoined communication was received from the Board of Health on
April 1st: "To the Mayor and Councilmen of Santa Rosa—Gentlemen: The petition of
your honorable body in regard to the Chinese on the east side of the plaza has
been received. In reply, we beg leave to state that we have inspected said
quarters and find them in a bad sanitary condition, which is not only
detrimental to the health of them, but of all the persons living in that
neighborhood, and would respectfully ask that your honorable body take immediate
steps to have the same discontinued." On motion it was ordained that the health
ordinance be enforced. On the same date the plaza was denied to Mayor Brown and
others for the purpose of holding a public meeting, while another communication
was received from the Board of Health relative to the condition of the county
hospital, jail, etc. They reported said buildings to be in a bad sanitary
condition, and recommended that the City Council confer with the County
Supervisors, that they may put said county buildings in a good sanitary
condition, for which a committee was appointed to wait upon the Supervisors. On
May 6th an ordinance licensing billiard tables was read and adopted; on June 3d
the dog-tax was fixed at one dollar; on July 2d ordinances to prevent breaches
of the peace and the carrying of concealed weapons, and the establishing of a
chain-gang were passed, and on the 15th of the same month a motion to increase
the licenses of meat peddlers was defeated.

   In the month of April, 1877, a woolen factory was started under the name of
the Santa Rosa Woolen Manufacturing Company, having H. T. Hewitt as President,
and J. S. Simons, Secretary. It occupied a lot on Sixth street, in West Santa
Rosa, was of two stories, built of brick. On the 27th of April, the foundation
of a tannery was laid, among those interested being Messrs. Hewitt, J. T.
Armstrong, and W. H. Edwards. The month of July saw the formation of an
Agricultural Association, while in this year was destroyed by fire the boot and
shoe factory at a loss of nineteen thousand dollars.

   In the month of April there died John Ingram, one of the very first settlers
in Santa Rosa. He first lived upon the farm afterwards owned by Honorable Jacob
Smith, selling that he built, and lived in the house on First street, occupied
by Mr. Lancaster. He was one of the earliest contractors in the city, and built
most of the first houses. He was the contractor for the old Masonic hall in
1854, which was for a time the largest house in the city; he was the first
Junior Warden of Santa Rosa Lodge, No. 54, F. & A. M.; he built the lower story
of Gus Kohle's building adjoining the office of the Democrat, which was the
first brick building in the town, and assisted in making the first survey of the
city limits. Mr. Ingram died much respected.

   The last record with which we will wind up this already too lengthy chapter,
is the destruction of Lachman & Jacobi's mill, on the 9th March, 1879, the
damage sustained being thirty thousand dollars, with an insurance of fifteen
thousand.

   The Christian Church, Santa Rosa.—As there are no records preserved of this
church we are indebted to Mr. and Mrs. T. B. Hood, Mr. and Mrs. Shane and James
Fulton for the information contained in the following remarks:—

   To Elder Thomas Thompson is the honor due of organizing this congregation in
November, 1854, and preaching the first sermon to them in that month. The
original members of the church were: T. B. Hood and wife, Mrs. C. E. Hood, Joel
Miller, Sarah Miller (now Mrs. Shane), Elizabeth Miller, Harrison Valentine, W.
R. O'Howell, J. M. Case, Samuel Hand and wife, Mrs. Coleman Talbot, and R.
Fulkerson and wife. Services were then held in the town of Franklin, in the
Baptist church, and continued there until the town was moved to Santa Rosa, when
the congregation met in the court-house, but after the removal of the church
building from Franklin to Santa Rosa in 1856, then in that edifice where they
prosecuted their devotions until the erection in 1857 of their own place of
worship on the corner of Fourth and B streets, which, in 1874, was transferred
to its present position on Fifth street. The entire cost of the church,
inclusive of lot, bell, fixtures, etc., was about three thousand dollars, while
its size is thirty-eight by sixty feet.

   Since its organization the following pastors have officiated: J. P. McCorkle,
W. W. Stephenson, Robert Graham, William T. Haley, Alexander Johnson, H. K.
Hallman, J. W. Butler, J. M. Monroe, Judge Derham, G. O. Burnett, and O. K.
Dibble, with occasional aid from the Professors of the Christian College.

   The church has a present membership of one hundred and sixty, while the
Sabbath-school, under the superintendency of J. A. Eveleth, has an average
attendance of eighty scholars.

   Presbyterian Church.—The following history of the Presbyterian Church of
Santa Rosa has been kindly furnished to us by Rev. F. M. Dimmick: In October,
1855, Rev. James Woods visited Santa Rosa and preached in the old court-house —
a little frame building opposite the site of the present court-house, on the
east side; and this, most probably, was the first Presbyterian service ever held
in the place. In December 1855, Mr. Woods removed with his family to Santa Rosa,
and commenced preaching regularly in the old court-house. He remained there
until the present court-house was completed, when he occupied it during his
stay. Mr. Woods, in a letter to Mr. Dimmick, in this regard, writes: "We had
large congregations in the new court-house, and one of the finest
Sabbath-schools I ever knew, superintended by John Treadway, pre-eminent as a
Sabbath-school teacher:" On March 17, 1850, Mr. Woods organized the Presbyterian
Church, consisting of twelve members—Cyrus Alexander, A. P. Wilson, John
Barbour, John Treadway, Mrs. Henrietta Treadway, Mrs. E. A. Woods, Mrs. Jane
Ormsby, Mrs Hattie Hendly, Mrs. Jane Drum, Mrs. Elizabeth Bledsoe, Mrs. Kate
Green, and Mrs. Louisa McDonald. Cyrus Alexander and John Treadway were elected
Ruling Elders. Mr. Alexander was ordained and installed, and Mr. Treadway,
having been previously ordained, was duly installed, with reference to whom Mr.
Woods wrrites further: " Mr. John Treadway was the most gifted teacher of the
Sabbath-school I ever saw, and was brother-in-law of Rev. James H. Brookes, D.
D., of St. Louis. He returned to the States, in very very poor health, in the
latter part of 1858, or early in 1859, and died soon after. His widow, a very
superior lady, now lives with her brother, Doctor Brookes, in St. Louis." The
records of the-church inform us that Mr. Treadway died December 31, 1859. When
Mr. Woods came to preach and to organize the church, there were in Santa Rosa
about twenty houses, and a population of about two hundred. He says that,
"during the Summer of 1856, measures were taken and preparations were getting in
readiness for the erection of a church edifice, but my health becoming very much
impaired, I deemed it necessary, and so did my physicians, to seek a different
climate. I left Santa Rosa in December, 1856, having preached there just one
year. Had I remained it was the intention to have completed the church edifice
during the next Summer, but when I left the enterprise was abandoned for the
time-being." There was no Presbyterian service from December, 1856, till April,
1857, when Rev. Alexander Fairbairn, who remained till July, 1858, became the
minister; he also occupied the court-house with his ministrations. Soon after
Mr. Fair-barn's departure the church itself virtually disbanded, and
Presbyterianism seemed to be extinct for more than a year, while there was no
organization for nearly four years. Rev. Thomas Fraser moved to Santa Rosa in
December, 1859, and preached that Winter, as often as practicable, in the little
old Baptist church, on the south side of Third street and east of D street, and
also in the Methodist church on the same street, which last mentioned edifice,
says Mr. Fraser, "one of my people, Henry Klute, helped to build." In the Spring
following (1880) Mr. Fraser commenced regular service, in Santa Rosa, and in the
Summer extended the work to Bloomfield and Tomales, occasionally going to Valley
Ford and Bodega Corners. The Two Rock church was then organized. The
Presbyterian congregation reorganized in Santa Rosa in 1862, in the Methodist
church, and Mr. Fraser, with the Methodist ministers, occupied that house during
his work in Santa Rosa, preaching half the time, the other half in different
places, chiefly in Two Rock and Valley Ford. Mr. Fraser's father, the Rev.
Thomas Fraser, Sr., spent the Winter of 1847-8 in Santa Rosa, doing his son's
work while he supplied the Presbyterian church of Portland, Oregon. Mr. Fraser's
labors of preaching in this section ceased when he undertook the general mission
work for the church in the Fall of 1858. In the Spring of this year, through the
action of the Methodist body, the Presbyterians found themselves with no church;
Sabbath services were therefore discontinued from May, 1868, till July, 1869,
and week-day meetings were held in Mr. Fraser's study—a small building still
standing, near the corner of Fourth and A streets. Soon after this the building
of a church was commenced, and Mr. Fraser continued to reside in Santa Rosa,
until the Winter of 1871-2 he was enabled to watch the building operations. He
writes: "It was a long, hard job and we were a good while building; Robert D.
Morgan and his brother (F. R. Morgan), Henry Klute, George Hood, and Capt. W. A.
Eliason, built that church, and their names should be engraven upon it."

   Mention has been made above of the reorganization of the congregation in
1862. We reproduce the accompanying document so that the names of those who made
the good fight should be recorded: "We whose names are hereunto subscribed being
members of the Presbyterian church, or desirous of becoming so, hereby unite in
requesting you, the Rev. Thomas Fraser, to form us into a Presbyterian church in
Santa Rosa." Then follow these names: George Hood, Henry Klute, C. W. Langdon,
Mrs. Julia Hood, Mrs. Jane H. Spence, Mrs. E. J. Langdon, Mrs. A. Blythe, Mrs.
Mary Q. Barnes, Mrs. Frances Bradshaw, Mrs. Hattie Hendly, Mrs. Louisa McDonald,
Mrs. J. M. Fraser and Miss Isabella Fraser.

   In accordance with the above petition the foregoing persons, thirteen in
number, were organized into a Presbyterian church, the record states, on
Saturday preceding the fourth Sabbath of July (i. e., July 24th), 1862, hi the
Methodist Episcopal Church North. The church was called the Old School
Presbyterian Church of Santa Rosa, in connection with the Presbytery of Benicia
of the Synod of the Pacific. The following entry in the sessional records,
signed Thomas Fraser, will explain itself: "According to previous notice the
church met in the Methodist house of worship of Santa Rosa on the Saturday
preceding the fourth Sabbath of August (August 22d), when the following named
persons presented letters of church membership and were received into communion
with the church: Mr. David Morton and Margaret, his wife, from the Presbyterian
church at Healdsburg; Mrs. Ann Cooper from that of Clarence, New York. Mr. R. S.
Vail and Mrs. Emily Bond were examined by the pastor as to their religious
experience and received into the communion of the church. Mr. David Morton was
elected to the office of Ruling Elder. On the following Sabbath (August 23d) the
sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered and Mr. Morton ordained."
Immediately following this entry is one signed by Rev. James Woods: Santa Rosa,
February 21; 1864. Session met to-day, present Elder David Morton and Rev. James
Woods, temporary supply and Moderator. Mr. Robert D. Morgan was received into
the communion of the church by letter from the Protestant Dutch Reformed church,
New York City." Mr. Morgan came to Santa Rosa in October, 1863, was elected to
the office of Ruling Elder May 13, 1865, and on the 14th was ordained and
installed. Early in the year 1864 Rev. T. Fraser went East to the General
Assembly, his duties being taken up by Rev. James Woods, hence his signing the
last quoted entry as Moderator. The following record we find made after Mr.
Eraser's return, signed "R. D. Morgan, Clerk." "Santa Rosa, August 21, 1864.
According to previous notice a meeting of the church was held this day in the
Methodist church for the transaction of business. Colonel C. W. Langdon was
called to take the Chair and R. D. Morgan to act as Clerk. It was resolved to
elect four trustees to hold and take care of the church property. The following
persons were elected Trustees of the Presbyterian church of Santa Rosa: Colonel
C. W. Langdon, George Hood, Robert D. Morgan and David Morton.    On resolution
the thanks of the church were tendered to Colonel Langdon for the donation of a
building lot.

   The Rev. Mr. Fraser was invited to resume his labors as Pastor and stated
supply of the church. After prayer by Mr. Morton the meeting adjourned."

   Mr. Fraser continued to supply the pulpit every alternate Sabbath, or nearly
so, till the Autumn of 1867, his father taking the duties during the succeeding
Winter and Spring until the end of 1868. From that time till the new church
edifice was completed, as has been already shown, there were no regular Sabbath
services—a period of about two years. In the Spring of 1868 the erection of the
church was commenced and in July, 1869, it was completed, at a cost of four
thousand three hundred dollars. Rev. Sylvester Woodbridge, D. D., of San
Francisco., preached the dedicatory sermon. Immediately after the completion of
the building, services were resumed, the Reverends S. T. Wells, F. Buell, Thomas
Kirkland, R. McCullough and James Woods officiating on more than one Sabbath,
while in the month of September, 1869, Rev. C. D. Roberts, and from October 18th
to December 10th of the same year the Rev. Mr. Swift took charge of the
congregation. From that time till March, 1870, there would appear to have been
no regular services held. From March 27th, Rev. C. H. Crawford, from the
Cumberland Presbyterian church, preached every alternate Sabbath till June 19,
1870, Rev. R. McCullough alternating with him in the supply of the pulpit until
May 30th. Rev. S. P. Whiting began his ministrations in October, 1870, and
remained two years. On January 22, 1871, work was commenced on the parsonage,
which was completed during the following Winter at a cost of about two thousand
five hundred dollars. The following entry is found in the record book: "At a
meeting held in the Presbyterian church in Santa Rosa January 5, 1873, it was
unanimously voted that the Rev. F. M. Dimmick be requested to take charge of
said church as acting Pastor for one year. On the 11th instant the Rev. F. M.
Dimmick accepted the invitation given at the above mentioned meeting and
immediately entered upon his duties as acting pastor. (Signed) R. D. Morgan,
Clerk of Sessions." Mr. Dimmick, the present Pastor, preached his inductional
sermons on the last Sabbath of 1872 and the first of 1873; on June 11, 1876, he
was permanently installed, and has since occupied the pulpit with much honor to
himself and credit to the congregation who sit under him. The church became
self-sustaining in 1876 when it voted to settle a pastor. Its active membership
now is from eighty-five to ninety. George Hood is Deacon and Treasurer of the
church, and E. H. Smyth, Isaac Parsons, James B. Rue and C. F. Copeland are the
Ruling Elders, who, with the Pastor, constitute the session of the church.
George Hood, Henry Klute, James B. Rue, L. C. Patterson and David R. Fraser
constitute the Present Board of Trustees. The church edifice stands on the
northwest corner of Humboldt and D streets.

   The Church of the Incarnation (Episcopal).—Like everything in primitive
California history the origin of this church is interesting. In an early day,
Rev. Mr. Jackson preached in the old "Sonoma House," but no record is left of
the service. In the Spring of 1863, Rev. Dudley Chase held a few occasional
services, but these seemed to have no connection with the subsequent history,
except the baptism of children interested the father in the ultimate
organization. In the Summer of 1868, a professional gentleman came to make Santa
Rosa his home, and inquiring for an Episcopal church, not only found that there
was no society of the kind in the place, but he discovered that there were not a
few persons who had never heard of an Episcopal church. He was satisfied that
there must be some of that denomination here, but being a stranger he knew not
where to find them. On writing to Captain William Blanding, a zealous
Episcopalian of San Francisco, and warden at that time of Grace church in that
city, he received a reply that Captain Blanding would soon come to Sonoma county
on business, and that he would bring with him Rev. Dr. Breck, and they would
endeavor to see if they could not find Episcopalians enough in or about Santa
Rosa to form the nucleus of a church. Dr. Breck and Captain Blanding came up in
1868. On moving about among the people, in company with Dr. Smith, they found
Major John Brown, Mrs. Eliason and Mrs. Spencer, who were members of the
Episcopal church, and W. H. Bond, who, though not a member by baptism, yet had
his own children previously baptized by the Rev. Mr. Chase, as referred to
above. These three persons, Mrs. Eliason, Mrs. Spencer, and Mr. Bond all had
children whom they were desirous of bringing to baptism, and under the auspices
of Rev. Dr. Breck, Captain Blanding and Dr. Smith, then a new resident of Santa
Rosa. The Sunday following was appointed for the service of the Episcopal
church, and for the office of baptism in the court-house. One of the boys was so
alarmed at the novelty of the service that he darted out of the house with speed
too great to be retained, and his baptism was postponed for a few days. Major
Brown's children were baptized not long afterwards. This was the beginning of
the continous services, and this gathering became the nucleus of the Episcopal
church in Santa Rosa. Bishop Kip, whose jurisdiction then embraced the whole of
California, appointed Dr. R. Press Smith and Professor Jones as lay readers,
empowering them to read the service of the Episcopal church on any Sunday when
no clergyman could be had. Regular services thus^egan in the Fall of 1868.

   About the same period also a mission had been established by the Rev. Dr.
Breck, embracing Sonoma county north of Petaluma. Application was made to the
reverend Doctor, and it was found that Rev. James H. Smith, of the "Breck
Mission," could come to Santa Rosa. He was greatly desirous of returning to the
Eastern States; but his pledge on entering the mission bound him for a term of
years to this coast, and he remained until the expiration of the time in Santa
Rosa. He held service twice a month till the Fall of 1871. On the other Sundays
there was lay reading by Doctor Smith or Professor Jones. Meantime a
Sunday-school had been commenced in 1868, of ten or fifteen pupils, under Dr. R.
Press Smith as superintendent, who continued in that office two years, when the
number of scholars had increased to thirty. Professor G. W. Jones was then
elected superintendent of the school. Rev. J. H. Smith left, and the Rev. George
C. Lane was invited to the charge of the church. He continued one year. Ill
health compelled him to retire, and in October, 1873, he went home to his
friends in the East to die. Hitherto the services had been held variously in the
court-house, in the North Methodist house, the Temperance Hall, and Klute's
Hall; the courthouse free, the others rented. Some gentlemen made an estimate
that it would be as economical to build a church as to rent. During this
discussion, J. P. Clark gave three lots for a church, on the corner of Fifth and
Washington streets. These were sold and a lot purchased on Mendocino street.
Five men, namely, Dr. R. Press Smith, Major John Brown, William H. Bond,
Professor G. W. Jones, and C. H. Hannath, without other capital than the site
for the church to go upon, determined to move in building. They were greatly
encouraged by the energetic assistance of F. G. Nagle, while the generous
liberality of Mrs. F. G. Hahman contributed much to the rapid progress of the
work. The church was built during the rectorship of Rev. Mr. Lane. It was begun
in the Spring of 1872, and finished in the Fall of 1873. It is small, but made
so that it can be enlarged when desired, Within it is the most neatly finished
church building in Santa Rosa, and in 187C, it became entirely free from debt.

   The Rev. D'Estaing Jennings became Rector in November, 1873, and left in
November, 1874. There was no minister after that time until June, 1875, though
occasional services were held and Rev. Thomas G. Williams officiated a few weeks
in the Spring of 1875. The Rev. Edward H. Ward became rector in June, 1875, and
he continued about one year, when he left, having accepted a call to Marysville.
During the same season (Summer of 1876) Rev. Thomas Smith had come to Santa Rosa
to reside, and as the church had no minister he was invited to officiate, though
he was not called to the rectorship. He continued until June, 1878, when he
removed. There was no minister after that for one year, though an occasional
service was held by some visiting clergyman. In the Summer of 1879 Frank P.
Thompson, Esq., met Rev. Dr. Shepherd in Sacramento and invited him to visit
Santa Rosa. This resulted in a unanimous call from the vestry for Rev. J. Avery
Shepherd, D. D., to become the rector of the church. He assented and took charge
on the 1st of July, 1879. Dr. Shepherd left the East, where he had a large
church in Baltimore, only to be near his son, who had settled in San Francisco.

   The lay readers of this church were Dr. R. Press Smith and Prof. G. W. Jones.
The first Senior Warden was Dr. Smith, with W. H. Bond, Esq., for Junior Warden.
T. L. Thompson, Esq., became Senior Warden in 1874 and Senior Warden in 1876,
with Prof. Jones for Junior Warden, which offices these gentlemen still hold.
Dr. Smith was Superintendent of the Sunday-school from 1868 to 1871, Prof. Jones
from 1871 to 1877, and Dr. A S. Wright from that time to the present. The
Sunday-school has greatly increased, numbering nearly one hundred pupils. It has
always been flourishing, and is now one of the best in the State. The Church of
the Incarnation appears to be well founded, and bids fair to be a very pleasant
and prosperous church.

   The Brotherhood of the New Life.—The following account of this Brotherhood is
gleaned from the columns of the Sonoma Democrat:—

   A new form of religion is almost certain to attract attention, and find
followers, no matter what may be the principles it advocates, or how absurd may
be the tenets it proposes.

   We have, near Santa Rosa, a founder of a new creed, whose followers are more
numerous than we at first supposed, and of whose religious opinions, until
recently, we have failed to understand, and thinking that a brief and succinct
account of him and his teachings might not prove disinteresting to our readers,
we present the following:

   Thomas Lake Harris was born at Fenny, Stratford, England, May 15, 1823, and
was brought by his father to America in 1827. His father settled in Utica, New
York, and engaged in mercantile business.

   Mr. Harris' mother died when he was quite young, and he was thrown upon his
own resources to obtain an education. At an early age he exhibited strong
religious tendencies, and a poetical imagination, and at the early age of
seventeen he began to write for the newspapers, and soon afterwards became known
as a frequent contributor to the press.

   When twenty-one years of age, he renounced his inherited Calvanistic faith
and entered the ministry of the Universalist denomination, and settled as Pastor
of a congregation at Minden, New York. Shortly afterward, he removed to
Charleston, S. C, on account of failing health, and in about a year he returned
to New York and took charge of the Fourth Universalist Church, and after a
ministration extending over a period of about twenty months, he was succeeded by
the celebrated Dr. Chapin, and in the following year he took the position he has
since maintained, as an independent teacher, and organized a society known as
the "Independent Christians," to which he continued to minister until the
outbreak of Spiritualism in 1850.

   In the year 1852 he joined the community at Mountain Cove, Vermont, and after
a few months spent in investigation, he preached and lectured in the principal
cities in the Union until 1855. At this time he is briefly described by a writer
as follows: "In philosophy, a Platonist, in spiritual science agreeing with
Swedenborg, and in sociology accepting the economical review of Fourrier, he
sought in these labors to turn the public interest in spiritualism in behalf of
this larger and higher range of thought.

   In 1855 he resumed his ministry among his friends in New York, and in 1857 he
published "Arcana of Christianity," in which he says, "I inhale with equal ease
and freedom the atmosphere of either of the three heavens, and am enabled to be
present without the suspension of the natural decree of consciousness, with the
angelic societies, whether of the ultimate, the spiritual, or celestial degree,"
intimating thereby that he had the power of visiting heaven or hell. He states
also in his works that he has visited these regions, and gives an account of his
visits.

   In 1858, he visited England, and traveling in various parts of the United
Kingdom, lectured upon his peculiar religious views. In 1861 he returned to the
State of New York and retired on a farm at Amenia, Duchess county. Here he was
followed by a few friends who desired to realize a purer social life. As his
spiritual family increased, he purchased property near the above mentioned
village, organized a National Bank, engaged in milling and in other operations,
and the little band grew into a society, and assumed the name which heads this
article.

   In 1866, Mr. Harris again visited Europe in the interests of the society, and
in 1867 returned to New York, and purchased one thousand acres of land near
Portland, Chautauqua county, and shortly afterwards bought all the neighboring
farms for the benefit of the members of the society.

   A number of prominent persons united with the society about this time, among
whom we might mention a lady of considerable prominence in the English nobility,
Lady Oliphant, and her son, Laurence Oliphant, M. P.; a number of distinguished
Japanese also united with the brotherhood.

   The society has no written creed, covenant, or form of government, and its
several thousand members, who are scattered over Great Britain, India, Japan,
and the United States, it is claimed are held together simply by the principles
of fraternal love, and by an inspiration working through internal respiration.
They claim for this new breath, that it descends through the heavens from the
Divine spirit, and that it replaces the former and natural mode of breathing by
a respiration which is Divine-natural in fulfillment of the statement which
Swedenborg alleges to have been made to him by the angels in the last century,
that the existing order of Christendom was in its last stages, and should be 
followed by another resulting from a "new respiration breathed through the
heavens by the Lord."    They believe that inmostly God dwells with all men, but
that personally and corporeally all are in relation with good and evil spirits.
That self-love and self-indulgence corrupt and degrade the person till the
divine likeness is effaced, and the man becomes a devil. That salvation is
neither by natural progression nor philosophical self-culture, nor justifying
faith, but that man only becomes free from his evils, and from the tyranny and
inspiration of evil spirits, through self-renunciation and a life of unselfish
labor for humanity; but that in this latter case both spirit and body may become
regenerated and pure. They hold that God is two in one, infinite in fatherhood
and motherhood, and that all who become angels find their counterparts and
become two in one to eternity; hence they recognize in marriage not only a pure
ordinance but the symbol of the holiest of divine mysteries, Members of the
society who hold real estate cultivate it on their own account. No property is
held in common. They claim that the Christian church of the future will not be
an ecclesiasticism, but a pure and free society, not communistic, but fraternal
and co-operative.

   Mr. Harris located here in 1875, and purchased four hundred acres about a
mile and a half notrh of Santa Rosa, where he has built several elegant
buildings, and has brought the farm to a high state of cultivation. He has
undoubtedly the most extensive library in California, and with a number of
members of his society he spends his time in reading and contemplation. He is
the author of a number of works, both of poetry and prose, and they exhibit the
authorship of a mind of far more than ordinary power and cultivation.

   In the Mountain Cove Journal, the organ of the society, of August 19, 1852,
under the general heading of "Disclosures from the Interior," appeared, under
the title of "God manifest in Creative Energy," the following account of the
creation, which we cannot forbear publishing as we close this article:—

   "1. In the beginning, God the Life, in God the Lord, in God the Holy
Procedure, inhabited the dome, which, burning in magnificence primeval, and,
revolving in prismatic and undulatory spiral, appeared, and was the pavilion of
the Spirit; in glory inexhaustible and inconceivable, in movement spherical,
unfolded in harmonious procedure disclosive.

   "2. And God said, Let Good be manifest! and good unfolded and moral-mental
germs, ovariums of heavens, descended from the Procedure. And the dome of
disclosive magnificence was heaven, and the expanded glory beneath was the .germ
of creation. And the Divine Procedure imbreathed upon the disclosure, and the
disclosure became the universe.

   "3. And God called the Disclosing Firmament heaven, and the disclosed
creation he called earth.

   "4. And God said, Let Mechanical Procedure be! and movement rythmical,
harmonical, melodial, unfolded from the firmament. And the movement thereof in
the moving creation was time.

   "5. And God said, Let there be space! and the firmament was separated from
the emanation, and the firmament, unmoved, appeared, and the emanation unfolded
within the procedure. And the firmament is manifest Infinitude, and the
emanation separated, is encompassed space.

   "6. These are the generations of creation in the day that Jehovah God created
the heaven and the earth; and behold, the creation was one earth, and the dome
of disclosure one heaven.

   "7. And God said, Let there be light! and the Divine Procedure unfolded a
luminary unto the ethereal which divided the emanation from the firmament.   
And the intelligence was light.

   "8. And God said, Let there be heat! and the breathing life thereof descended.

   *9. And God said, Let there be movement of moving Energy! and life descended,
interanimate, comprehending creation, and there was movement spherical from the
heaven of disclosure.

   "10. And God said, Let there be center given! and from the Divine Procedure
descended the arm of strength unto the right, and the arm of strength unto the
left; and from the arm of strength at the right proceeded vital electro-motion
and communicated polarity; and from the arm of strength at the left proceeded
re-attractive, electro-magnetic force, and created the horizontal; and the
horizontal became the axis, and the points thereof the poles.

   "12. And God made two great lights to rule the Zodiac, and to be for creative
disclosure, disclosive manifestation, manifest glory, glorious radiation,
interpentative aggregation; and thence vortices, vorticle suns, suns of
vortices, solariums, vorticle planetariums, planets, floral universes, universal
paradises, paradisical heavens, heavens of spiritual universes, celestial
heavens, seraphic habitations, seraphimal universes, cities of heavenly
seraph-ima, and final consociative universal intelligence in unity of
innumerable individuality, in triunity of unfolding universes, adoring and
ascending in beatification unto eternal life.

   "12. This is the Genesis of Nature: Not uncreated or self-originated, but
created;—not the progressive, upgrowing, upheaving, upmentalizing,
upspirit-ualizing, upreaching struggle of a germ;—but condescension infinite,
creation voluntary, and bestowment merciful, of the Divine Creator; to whom be
given adoration immeasurable and eternal! world without end!"

   PACIFIC METHODIST COLLEGE—Formerly known as the California College— was
started by Professor Anderson, of San Francisco, in the year 1855, as a private
school, the building being one of the earliest erected away from the city of
Benicia and the rising town of Vallejo. This school Professor Anderson
maintained until the year 1858. It was a frame building, but his undertaking
having been crowned with a certain amount of success, he, in the mean time,
erected a building of brick, fifty by eighty feet, as a college, while, attached
to the principal erection at a distance of about seventy-five feet, a temporary
structure was built two stories in height. There was also constructed a
boarding-house of brick for the female department, and other houses in the
grounds for the males. The building, as originally erected by Mr. Anderson, was
situated on the south side of Ulattis creek, on block No. 8, in the village of
Vacaville, Solano county.

   In the year 1861, or possibly later, the Rev. J. C. Stewart, by dint of
extreme labor, received an endowment from the people of Solano, and the adjacent
counties, to the amount of twenty thousand dollars, with which and the interest
on this sum, was the Pacific Methodist College started by the Pacific Methodist
Episcopal Church South. Its first President was the Rev. J. C. Stewart, who
would appear only to have served a year. C. S. Smyth was Professor of
Mathematics. The next President was the Rev. W. T. Lucky, D. D., an office he
maintained until the Spring of 18G5. During his regime, though it was then
reported for political reasons, the college was burned. This did not, however,
interfere with the prosperity of the school, for on the destruction by fire of
the principal edifice, a temporary use was made of a tent until after the
exhibitions. The following term was commenced in a boarding-house arranged for
the purpose, where they continued until the construction of the present building
which is of brick. Considerable delay was caused, however, in the attempt to
construct the edifice of concrete; this was a failure, from the consequences of
a storm which washed all the necessary amalgamations away. The loss to the
Methodist Episcopal Church South was considered-to be between five and six
thousand dollars. Almost immediately thereafter, a brick building of sixty by
ninety feet was in the course of construction on an elevation of land
overlooking the town that had been originally owned by Mason Wilson, who had
exchanged it for other property to the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and
which was completed in the year 18G6 at a cost of twenty-five thousand dollars.
Shortly after the erection of the new college, Dr. Lucky resigned the presidency
and was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Gober, who held the position for one term and
was in turn succeeded by Rev. J. R. Thomas, D. D., LL. D., who held it until
1871, when the College was removed to Santa Rosa, in Sonoma county, and became
generally known as

   The Pacific Methodist College.—The citizens of Santa Rosa and vicinity
generously donated ten acres of land and erected thereon a spacious college
building, at a cost of twenty-five thousand dollars. The present value of the
buildings and grounds is estimated at thirty thousand dollars. The college
grounds are situated in the north-eastern part of the city; the building is
commodious, and affords accommodation for three hundred students. There are two
literary societies in connection with the institution, which have
neatly-furnished halls set apart to their especial uses, while the libraries of
these societies contain close upon a thousand volumes.

   The first regular session was opened in Santa Rosa in August, 1871, with A.
L. Fitzgerald, A. M., as President and Professor of Mental and Moral Science; C.
S. Smyth, Professor of Mathematics; Charles King, Professor of Languages; and
Miss Florence Miller in charge of the Primary department.

   The scholastic year is divided into two sessions of twenty weeks each. The
ensuing session will begin on Thursday, the 31st of July, 1879.

   The two literary societies, the ULATUS (gentlemen) and THALIAN (ladies) meet
weekly in their respective halls for practice in writing and speaking.

   Nuclei of three libraries are already formed; one for the Ulatus Society. one
for the Thalian Society, and one for the College proper. The largest and best of
these is that of the Ulatus Society, consisting of six hundred and fifty volumes
of the standard English and American authors.

   Candidates for a degree have the choice of five courses of study. Three are
for gentlemen: two in letters and in science. Two are for ladies: a special
course in letters, and a special course in science.

   The degree of "Mistress of Arts" will be conferred on students who complete
the special course in letters.

   The degree of "Mistress of Science" will be conferred on students who
complete the special course of science.

   For the current year the following are the

   Officers of Instruction and Government:—Rev. W. A. Finley, A. M., D.D.,
President and Professor of Mental and Moral Science; Ferdinand Kenyon, A.B.,
Professor of Mathematics; O. H. Roberts, A. M., Professor of Latin, Oriental and
Modern Languages; E. J. Griffith, A. M., Professor of Natural Science; W. A.
Finley, A. M., Professor of Greek Language and Literature, W. A. Long, Principal
in Commercial Department; Miss M. C. Lucky, Primary Department; E. J. Griffith,
A. M., Librarian and Secretary of Faculty; Miss L. Werlein Ware, Teacher of
Instrumental Music; Mrs. P. Titus Gleason, Teacher of Drawing and Painting; Mrs.
L. Werlein Ware, Teacher of Vocal Music; Miss Nannie V. Hendley. Assistant in
Music Department.

   Four prizes were given for the year 1878-9, one for the best oration; one for
the best essay; one for the best declamation, and one for the best select
reading. Students who receive first or second honor, will have their names read
with honorable mention, in public assembly, on the days of their graduation.

   First term begins Thursday, July 31, 1879; first term ends Thursday, December
18, 1&79; second term begins Monday, January 5, 1880; second term ends Thursday,
May 20, 1880.

   In such a work as this, we take it that no fitter place could be found for
the perpetuating of those who have distinguished themselves at this college, Ave
therefore reproduce a list of the Alumni, dating from the year 1863, and regret
that it is beyond our power to do more than place their names, on the pages of
the History of Sonoma County.

   ALUMNI.—1863, Charles Allison; 1864, Alexander Dunn, Irving P. Henning,
William A. Finley; 1865, Campbell P. Berry, John F. Campbell,* Samuel G.
Creighton, Z. Butler Donaldson, E. Melissa Allison,* H. J. Allison (Mrs.
Mansfield), Matthew F. Johnson, Josiah M. Kirkpatrick, Samuel G. Palmer, J.
Crittenden Wilson, Laura E. Lucky (Mrs. Duncan), H. M. Williams (Mrs. Vail);*
1867,Leeman Haile,* James T. Hardin, Thomas K. Howell,* William W. Moreland,
Lewis C. Renfro, John L. Seawell,* Mary C. Lucky; 1868, William T. Johnson,
Henry Martin; 1869, William T. Cocke* Robert E. Moore, Benjamin S. Wood; 1870,
John H. Seawell, James S. Ramsey, Lewis W. Thomas, Rebecca J. Fisher (Mrs.
Blandford); 1872, John W. Haile, Ada Millington (Mrs. Jones); 1873, John S.
Sanders; 1874, Laura Holman (Mrs. Fortson), Sallie Northcutt (Mrs. Boggs;),
Annie Peterson; 1875, Flora McDonald (Mrs. Hall), Emma C. Mitchell (Mrs.
Wilson), Blythe Simmons (Mrs. Maddux), Bettie Wilson (Mrs. Gray); 1876, Lee
Cook, C. H. E. Hardin, Arthur M. Johnston, Ferdinand Kenyon, La Fayette J.
Maddux, J. W. McCoy, A. P. Woodward, Sampson B. Wright, D. Curtis Clark, J. W.
Ferguson, Nannie Y. Hendley, Lizzie M. Yates, M. Jennie Wright, Mary B. Baily
(Mrs. Jones), Bertie Mitchell, Kate Smyth, Jennie Smyth; 1877, Jasper N. Davies,
N. A. Hawkins, W. P. Johnson, M. M. GoJman, Minnie G. Johnson, J. C. Simmons,
Jr., C. R. Vann, Mary Fine, Nettie Barr, Toma C. Pendergrast; 1878, Seth
Millington, Angie S. Farmer.

* Deceased.

   The Executive Officers and Trustees.—Trustees: Rev. J. C. Simmons, Dixon;
Rev. S. W. Davies, Santa Rosa; Rev. T. H. B. Anderson, Colusa; Rev. C.
Chamberlin, Santa Rosa; W. S. M. Wright, Santa Rosa; Rev. L. C. Renfro, Chico;
Hon. C. P. Berry, Wheatland; Judge Jackson Temple, Santa Rosa; Rev. W. F.
Compton, Santa Rosa; E. T. Farmer, Santa Rosa; Rev. L. D. Hargis, Ukiah; A.
Fine, Santa Rosa; W. B. Brown, Collinsville; Rev. T. C. Barton, Woodbridge; Wick
B. Parsons, San Francisco; W. F. Goad, Colusa; Rev. S. Brown, San Jose; Hon. R.
C. Haile, Suisun; Rev. George Sim, Chico; W. E. Cocke, Santa Rosa; Rev. J. C.
Pendergrast, Lakeport; Rev. W. M. Winters, Salinas City; Colonel J. A. Hardin,
Santa Rosa; Rev. H. B. Avery, San Jose. Officers: Rev. W. F. Compton, President;
R. C. Haile, Vice-President; Rev. L. C. Renfro, Secretary; W. E. Cocke,
Treasurer; Agent, Rev. W. A. Finley; Visiting Committee for 1878-9, Rev. C.
Chamberlin, Rev. W. M. Prottsman, Rev. C. Y. Rankin, J. M. Preston; Finance
Committee, W. S. M. Wright, E. T. Farmer, A. Fine; Collector, E. J. Griffith;
Janitor, Thomas Totton.

   Santa Rosa Commandery of Knights Templar.—This Order was organized under
dispensation March 11, 1878, the charter being granted April 11, 1879. The
charter members being Sir Leonard Harrison Buckland, Sir Thomas Phipps Baxter,
Sir Samuel Bard, Sir Arthur Lockard Cox, Sir Milo Smith Davis, Sir Guy Emanuel
Grosse, Sir George Ashbury Johnson, Sir John McIlmoil, Sir James Clark Mailer,
Sir Byron M. Spencer. The original officers were: Sir George Ashbury Johnson,
Eminent Commander; Sir Byron M. Spencer, Generalissimo; Sir Leonard Harrison
Buckland, Captain-General; Sir Thomas Phipps Baxter, Prelate; Sir Guy Emanuel
Grosse, Senior Warden; Sir James Clark Mailer, Junior Warden; Sir Samuel Bard,
Treasurer; Sir Arthur Lockard Cox, Recorder; Sir Milo Smith Davis, Warden; Sir
John McIlmoil, Sentinel. The membership to October 8, 1879, was thirty-two; and
officers elected April 23, 1879: Sir George Ashbury Johnson, Eminent Commander;
Sir Byron M. Spencer, Generalissimo; Sir Leonard Harrison Buckland,
Captain-General; Sir Thomas Phipps Baxter, Prelate; Sir Guy Emanuel Grosse,
Senior Warden; Sir James Clark Mailer, Junior Warden; Sir Samuel Bard,
Treasurer; Sir Milo Smith Davis, Recorder; Sir Edward Neblet, Standard Bearer;
Sir Robert Press Smith, Sword Bearer; Sir Augustus Leander Fisher, Warden; Sir
Elijah Thompson Farmer, First Guard; Sir Francis Marion Caldwell, Second Guard;
Sir Anton Francis Korbel, Third Guard; Sir Martin Van Buren Vanderhoof,
Sentinel. Stated assemblies on the first Wednesday of each month.

   Santa Rosa Encampment, No. 53, I. O. O. F.—This Order was instituted in Santa
Rosa on December 14, 1875, the charter members being: J. J. McClelland, A. G.
Shannon, A. P. Petit, George T. Gregg, C. D. Frazie, W. R. Morris, William
Strom; the original officers being: C. D. Frazie, C. P.; A.  G. Shannon, H. P.;
J. J. McClelland, S. W.; William, Strong; William R. Morris, Treasurer; A. P.
Petit, J. W.; S. T. Coulter, Guide. The Encampment now consists of thirty-three
members, while the office bearers for the current year are: D. S. Sacry, C. P.;
S. T. Coulter, H. P.; A. Shepherd, Scribe; H. L. Howe, Treasurer. Meets at Odd
Fellows' Hall on the first and third Mondays of each month.

   Santa Rosa Lodge, No. 53, I. 0. 0. F.—This Lodge was instituted February 28,
1856, the following being the charter members: John Hendley, Jacob M. Gallagher,
Adam Shane, W. R. Smith, James A. Reynolds, Horace B. Martin, Julio Carrillo and
W. M. Menefee. The order held their meetings in the Good Templars' Hall, No. 222
Third street, until the completion of their own building, at a cost of eighteen
thousand dollars, on the corner of Third street and Exchange avenue. The first
officers were: John Hendley, N, G.; W. R. Smith, V. G.; Adam Shane, Recording
Secretary; K McC. Menefee, Treasurer. The present membership is one hundred and
thirteen. The Lodge meets at Odd Fellows' Hall, on Thursday evening of each
week, while the office bearers for the current term are: T. L. Thompson, N. G.;
E. P. Colgan, V. G.; William Acton, R. S.; J. L. Jourdan, P. S.; J. A. Eveleth,
Treasurer.

   Purity Lodge, No. 33, I. O. G. T— Was first organized, May 14, 1861, in
Temperance Hall, 222 Third street, there being seventeen charter members. The
following were elected officers: William Churchman, W. C. T.; Maud Latimer, W.
V. T.; Frank W. Brown, W. S.; T. J. Smith, W. F. S.; Caroline E. Hood, W. T.; W.
W. Morrow, W. M.; J. W. Town, W. I. G.; C. G. Ames, W. O. G. The receipts of the
first meeting amounted to five dollars and fifty cents. At a meeting held June
18, 1861, it was resolved that the initiation fee for males shall be three
dollars, and that of females-fifty cents. The last meeting of this lodge was
held on November 17, 1868, when, as the records show, there were not sufficient
members present to proceed with business. There had been another lodge organized
about 1855, called the "Pride of the Valley." Both of these surrendered their
charters, and on February 27, 1870, a new charter was granted to:

   Santa Rosa Lodge, No. 370, I. O. G. T.—The charter members being: Harry
Rich., D. S. Lacey, Harry T. Case, C. T. Barnes, T. H. Barnes, Benjamin Farmer,
James Morrow, Jr., S. Childers, J. D. Stockton, Rebecca Stockton, P. B. Owen,
Mrs. L. R. Latimer, Miss. A. Small, James Roberts, W. Churchman, J. M. White, O.
D. Metcalf, Miss S. M. Baxter, J. T. Littaker, Mrs. Dora Metzler, W. H. Mead,
Walter Ferrall, Mrs. E. Hodgson, V. Fortson; the officers appointed were: D. S.
Lacey, W. C. T.; Mrs. S. R. Latimer, W. V. T.; Rev. G. D. Pinneo, W. C; Walter
Ferrall, W. S.; Miss Fannie Farmer, W. A. S.; 0. D. Metcalf, W. F. S.; Miss T.
M. Baxter, W. T.; James Morrow, Jr., W. M.; Miss Abbie Small, W. D. M.; Rebecca
Stockton, W. I. G.; James Roberts, W. 0. G.; Mrs. Dora Meztler, W. R. H. S.;
Miss Lizzie Fortson, W. L. H. S.; I. D. Stockton, P. W. C. T. The present
membership is fifty-seven, and officers for the current year: W. C. T., S. I.
Allen; W. V. T., Maggie Lyons: W. S., Emma Childers; W. A. S., T. F. Organ; W.
F. S., Frank W. Cooke; W. T, Mrs. C. M. Shepherd; W.M., Henry S. Cooke; W. D.
M., Clara Murbar; I. G. C., Joseph Childers; W. O. G., D. S. Sacry; P. W. C. T.,
Jacob Harris; W. C., Mrs. Ella L. McGeorge; W. R. H. S.. Neelie McIlmoil; W. L.
H. S., Gyda Swenson.

   Union Aid Society of Santa Rosa.—This estimable society was organized in the
study of the pastor of the Baptist Church in February, 1878, with about twenty
members with the following office holders: Mrs. W. H. Nash, president; Mrs. F.
M. Dimmick, vice president; Mrs. J. C. Gamble, secretary; Miss Herrick,
treasurer. Stated meetings are held on the last Friday of each month at the
Baptist Church. The society is eminently a benevolent one, therefore the city is
divided into districts, there being two directors for each of them; their duties
are to relieve those afflicted individuals who may be in immediate want, and
draw on the society for the amount paid, at the same time reporting such cases
of suffering at the regular meetings. The report of the secretary shows that
during the first year ending in February 1879, there had been paid out in cash
nearly two hundred dollars for such things as groceries, etc., there had been
made contributions of clothing which swelled the aggregate ,of expenditure to
between four and five hundred dollars. The officers for the current term, except
that Mrs. Nash has resigned the presidential chair to Mrs. F. M. Dimmick, are
the same. The present membership of the society is thirty.

   The Sonoma Democrat.—The first number of this paper was issued in Santa Rosa,
October 16, 1857, by A. W. Russell, who continued its publication until August
20th of the following year, when he disposed of it to E, R. Budd and S. H.
Fisher. Three months afterward Mr. Fisher retired and was succeeded by B. F.
Pinkham. Under the administration of Messrs. Budd and Pinkham, a novel
occurrence took place in the annals of Pacific coast journalism. The proprietors
holding opposite political views, Mr. Budd a Democrat and Mr. Pinkham a
Republican, could not agree as to the policy of the paper, and for a time it
came out one side Democratic and the other side Republican, the editors
combatting each other's political views with as much zeal and earnestness as if
they had represented rival establishments. But this did not continue more than
one or two numbers of the paper, when Mr. Budd purchased the interest of Mr.
Pinkham and became its sole proprietor. In April, 1860, the Democrat was
purchased by Thomas L. Thompson, the present proprietor, who immediately
enlarged and improved its typographical appearance. Up to this time the paper
had only a limited circulation and influence, but the well known energy and
industrial zeal of Mr. Thompson soon placed it as one of the first county papers
in California, and it became a welcome visitor in the homes of thousands. During
the war period, from 1861 to 1835, the Democrat was a powerful agent in holding
Sonoma county to its primitive Democratic faith. While it met with strong
opposition from its political opponents, its indep3iident consistency and
reliability as a disseminator of news were universally commended, and a state
reputation was established by the paper. Though zealous in its support of true
Democratic principles, politics have always been made a secondary consideration
to its advocacy of all measures and enterprises tending to advance local
interests, and it has been an invaluable auxiliary to the development of the
varied and extensive natural resources of Sonoma and adjacent counties in which
it circulates. In 1861, before the establishment of telegraph lines in the
county, Mr. Thompson, its proprietor, in conjunction with Mr. Weston, of the
Petaluma Journal, inaugurated a pony express to convey dispatches from Napa (the
nearest telegraph station) to Petaluma and Santa Rosa, and thus the people of
Sonoma county were provided with war news by extras issued from the Democrat and
Journal offices two days in advance of the mails and express. In 1866, a Hoe
cylinder press (the first in the county) was added to the office, and the paper
again enlarged, the make-up being changed from four to eight pages, and the
composition increased from one hundred thousand to two hundred and thirty
thousand ems, one half of which is devoted to editorial, local news and
miscellaneous matter, all of which is set up by compositors in the office in
which the Democrat is printed and published. The office is furnished with steam
power presses, and is equipped with a job office complete in all its
appointments. Only first-class workmen are engaged in the composing room and job
department, sometimes as many as fifteen hands being employed about the
establishment. Since 1860, the Democrat has given employment to more men at
better wages than any other single establishment in Sonoma county. In 1863, Mr.
Thompson disposed of the paper to Peabody Ferrall & Co., and in the summer of
1871 re-purchased it, since which time his brothers, R. A. and F. P. Thompson,
have been actively associated with him in the editorial and business
departments, until the appointment of F. P. Thompson as State Printer by
Governor Irwin in 1875, and the election of R. A. Thompson as County Clerk in
1877. The effort of the Democrat to build up and develope the varied interests
of this and the adjoining counties has met with a warm and appreciative support.
It has now the largest circulation of any interior paper in northwest
California, and not less than five hundred copies are mailed weekly to
subscribers in the Eastern States.

   The Santa Rosa Daily Democrat was started in July, 1875, receiving Eastern
and Coast telegraphic news reports, and met with the most promising reception.
Its publication was continued until August 12, 1879, four years, when, on
account of the general depression in trade and prevalent "hard times," it was
temporarily suspended until a revival of business takes place.

   The Santa Rosa Times is the first Republican paper published at the county
seat. It was founded by George H. Marr, who purchased the old material of the
Press from W. A. Wheeler, in the latter part of 1874, and issued the first
number January 14, 1875. For a year or so Mr. Marr conducted the Times as an
independent sheet, but fell into the Republican line in the campaign of 1876.
Under his management it was an ably conducted journal. It was outspoken and
courageous in all matters affecting the welfare of the people. To it, more than
all other influences combined, is due the unearthing and exposure of many
peculations and frauds in the management of county affairs.

   Mr. Marr died in March, 1878. The paper was edited and published by the
administrator, J. B. Armstrong, until May 6, 1878, when it was purchased by T.
N. and J. W. Ragsdale, the present owners. They purchased new type, an engine,
and three steam presses, to enable them to keep up with the work that rapidly
increased with the growing influence and circulation of the Times. Since the 22d
day of September, 1879, the office has issued a daily and weekly edition. The
office is one of the best fitted country printing houses in the State.

   The Times is prosperous, filling a want long felt—a Republican organ at the
county seat. Backed by an intelligent and growing party, and receiving the
sympathy of a large class of good citizens, interested in the purity and honesty
of local government, it has unflinchingly continued the war begun by Mr. Marr,
on all rings and theives in high places, until some of the worst public abuses
have fallen.

   Since the foregoing was written, it is with deep regret that we record the
untimely demise of T. N. Ragsdale, on December 6, 1879.

   Santa Rosa Bank.—To E. T. Farmer is due the credit of establishing the first
bank in the city of Santa Rosa. When others had not enough confidence to invest
he guaranteed them an interest on their capital, and launched the enterprise,
certain of the future of Santa Rosa as a business center, though at that time
the population numbered not more than a thousand. The bank was incorporated
August 11, 1870, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. E. T. Farmer
was elected the first President, and C. G. Ames the first Cashier—Mr. Farmer is
still in his original position. The first office of the bank was on Third
street, in the store of E. T. Farmer. The building at present occupied on
Exchange avenue was erected in 1872. In 1873, the capital stock of the bank was
increased to three hundred thousand dollars.

   Savings Bank of Santa Rosa,—This institution was organized in 1873 with a
capital stock of one hundred thousand dollars, A. P. Overton was elected first
President. F. G. Hah man—a name identified with the town from the day the first
step was taken in its location down to the present time—was appointed by the
Directors the first Cashier. The bank was first opened in Hood's building on
Main street. In 1874, the present elegant quarters on Exchange avenue were
constructed at a cost of fourteen thousand dollars. This institution has been a
success from its start.

   Santa Rosa Gaslight Company.—The Maxim Gas Company was incor-poiated April,
1872, the citizens of Santa Rosa taking one-half the stock> and the Maxim Gas
Company of San Francisco holding the balance. The whole stock was subsequently
purchased by the citizens and the Maxim works run by them until the Spring of
1876, when they were disposed of to Santa Rosa Gaslight Company, which had been
incorporated March 9, 1876, under the supervision of L. A. Kelly. The new
company, at an expense of thirty thousand dollars, erected their works on First
street, just below Main, which consist of a large brick retort-house, with iron
roof, brick purifying-house in the rear, office and workshop, with large holder,
twenty thousand cubic feet capacity, with brick cistern. They have six-inch pipe
running from their retorts all through the works, and up First and Main streets
to the plaza, about two thousand feet, when it connects w7ith four-inch pipe.
The officers of the company are: John A. Paxton, President; J. E. Ager,
Secretary; John Barr, Superintendent and Engineer.

   Santa Rosa Water Works.—These works were incorporated in January, 1873, with
one hundred thousand dollars capital. On May 1st active operations were
commenced. The water is taken from the Santa Rosa creek, about five miles from
Santa Rosa. It is led, in seven-inch pipe, one and a quarter miles, to a
reservoir. In the Fall of the year of organization the water was brought to the
city and distributed through the town.

   In 1875 a majority of the stock of the company was purchased by Mark L.
McDonald, of San Francisco.

   In the latter part of 1876, Jackson R. Myers purchased an interest in the
company, and became the manager. It was determined to erect a new reservoir,
about half a mile below the old one. The work was completed in the Spring of
1877, and it is one of the best reservoirs in the State. It is about eighteen
hundred feet long, and is six hundred feet wide, and when full will have a depth
of twenty-four feet, affording an abundant supply of pure mountain water for the
people of the city, and also a safeguard against conflagration.

   To the capital and enterprise of Mark McDonald, and good judgment of Mr.
Myers, the people are indebted for that greatest of all blessings—a cheap and
bountiful supply of water. Mr. McDonald, by his public spirit, has inseperably
connected his name with the city of Santa Rosa.

   The officers are Mark L. McDonald, President; J. B. Rue, Secretary; the
office of the company being on Fourth street.

   City Street-car Railroad Company.—This company was organized in 1877, and the
capital invested in it mainly furnished by Mark McDonald. The builder of the
road was Jackson R. Myers. The roui,e is two miles in length, leading up Fourth
street, from the depot of the San Francisco and North Pacifie Railroad to
McDonald avenue, and out the avenue to the Cemetery. The cost of the road was
about ten thousand dollars. The officers are: Mark L. McDonald, President; J. B.
Rue, Secretary and Manager.
Santa Rosa Woolen Mills.—Early in the year 1877 these mills were established,
and on March 29th of that year the following, representing two hundred and
sixty-four shares of one hundred dollars each, signed the articles of agreement:
H. T. Hewitt, James Catlin, Stanley & Thompson, John K. Smith, F. Korbel & Bro.,
E. C. Ferguson, Gable & Elder, Jamima J. Wheeler, Thomas L. Thompson, Henry
Klute, R. M. Landrum, H. F. Shulte, J. S. Simmons, Adam Shane, James Fulton,
Albert Hall, D. C. Rupe. From these the first Directors were appointed, viz: H.
T. Hewitt, President; J. C. Simmons, Secretary; and J. K. Smith, J. J. Wheeler,
James Catlin, John Walker, A. A. Gamble. Mr. Hewitt was, however, removed from
his office by the vote of the Board on September 24, 1877, when W. B. Stanley
was elected, and Mr. Simmons resigning on that date, his position was filled by
James Catlin.

   The erection of the building was commenced about March 29, 1877. It is two
stories in height, built of brick, and one hundred and ten by sixty feet in
dimensions. There is a boiler and engine room constructed on the south side; it
has two sets of machines, run by an engine of thirty-six horse power.

   On May 6, 1878, the following persons were elected a Board of .Directors: S.
Armstrong, William Gamble, A. A. Gamble, W. B. Stanley, George Bew, H. T. Hewitt
and George Walker, Mr. Hewitt being elected President. On October 5, 1878, W. W.
Gauldin, C. C. Farmer and E. C. Ferguson were elected to the Board in place of
A. A. Gamble, S. Armstrong and William Gamble; G. W. Arnold was elected, vice
George Bew, resigned, and C. 0. Farmer was chosen President, to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of H. T. Hewitt. The present officers are, C. C.
Farmer, President and W. B. Stanley, Secretary.

   Golden Eagle Foundry and Machine Shops.—This establishment is situated on
Fifth street, near the depot of the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad,
was built in December, 1874, and is of one story in height, with dimensions of
sixty by one hundred and eigty-five [sic] feet. There are nine men constantly
employed on the premises, which turns out an aggregate of agricultural and other
implements to the value of thirty thousand dollars per annum. The machinery
employed is all of the best and newest patterns and is driven by a stationary
engine of twenty-two horse power. In connection with the foundry and machine
shop there is also a pattern-making department, and another in which general
blacksmithing is done. The proprietor is M. E. Shulte.

   Empire Mills.—This flouring mill was erected in 1873 by Messrs. Henry Shulte
and Doctor Dobbins, and in the fall of that year operations were commenced
therein. It is a three and one-half story building, of brick, thirty by sixty
feet. To the south is an engine and boiler-room in which is a seventy-five
horse-power engine. In the mill there are three run of stones for wheat and one
for corn, the capacity being two hundred barrels of flour in twenty-four hours.
It is located on the railroad, north from the depot on Wilson street, a side
track leading along its western side for means of shipping facilities. In 1871,
there was erected a warehouse, one story, adjoining it on the north, forty-four
by one hundred and twenty feet, with a capacity of storage of about sixteen
thousand tons. This building has passed into other hands than those owning the
mill, but it is rented by them for the use of storing grain for the mill.

   In 1875, the mill property was transferred to Stoddard & McIlmoil, but it is
now owned by the Santa Rosa Bank, with Joel and William Stoddard as managers.
The original cost was twenty-five thousand dollars—that of the warehouse six
thousand, nine hundred dollars.

   Santa Rosa Marble and Granite Works.—These works were established in 1870 by
A. L. Fisher, on the corner of Fourth and Davis streets. H. D. Russell
subsequently entered into partnership with Mr. Fisher, but in 1877, Mr. Russell
having established himself in business, J. F. Kinslow was admitted, and the firm
became Fisher & Kinslow, by which name it is now-known. They do excellent work,
and have an extensive business in Marin, Mendocino and Lake counties.

   The City Marble Works.—The proprietor of these works was formerly a partner
with A. L. Fisher in the same trade, but having dissolved that firm he
established himself in May, 1879, on the corner of Fourth and Washington
streets, where he carries on an extensive business, having also an establishment
in Petaluma.

   Santa Rosa Brewery.—The building is situated on Second, facing Wilson street,
and was erected in 1872 by William Metzgar. It is two stories high, twenty-six
by one hundred feet, and contains, besides the necessary brewing apparatus, a
cool and commodious cellar for beer, of which they manufacture seventy-eight
barrels per week. The present proprietors are Metzgar & Haltinnen.

   The Santa Rosa Winery—The buildings comprising this establishment cover the
greater portion of the block lying between Railroad and Adams streets.. In the
main building, the cellar, is one hundred and twenty feet long by eighty feet
wide, and, like all the other constructions connected with the institution, is
built of brick. It is fitted up with eighty four tanks, each holding two
thousand gallons; therefore the capacity of the cellar is three hundred thousand
gallons. The crushing room adjoins the cellar on the northern side, and is one
hundred feet long by sixty-six feet wide, and contains four rows of fermenting
tanks, thirty in all, each holding two thousand gallons, and of an aggregate
capacity of sixty thousand gallons. In the northern end of this room is placed
the crusher, the best style known, which is so arranged as to detach the grapes
from the stems before crushing, and, as the machine operates, the stems are
discharged from one part while the crushed grapes are conveyed to the fermenting
tanks. A tramway leads from the crusher to the scales, which are situated next
to the distillery, and the wagons are unloaded into the cars on the scales, and
when filled the car is drawn up the tramway and its contents dumped. The scales
deserve special notice; they indicate the exact net weight, and there can be no
possible chance of a mistake. They will weigh a load of from four tons downward.
The crushers are two in number and can be made to crnsh [sic] six tons an hour
apiece, or a ton every ten minutes. The distillery is a building forty feet long
by thirty feet wide, entirely detached from the other buildings. It is fitted up
with two stills, one for distilling pumice and the other for distilling wine.
Adjoining this building and connected with it by pipes is a tank for pumice of a
capacity of twenty-eight thousand gallons, which is now filled. The operation of
distilling has commenced, Mr. DeTurk having filed the necessary bonds. The
aggregate value of the buildings, machinery, etc., is over twenty thousand
dollars. The vintage season has about closed, during which time Mr. DeTurk has
purchased and crushed nine hundred and twenty-five tons of grapes, at prices
ranging from fourteen to twenty-two dollars, and at an average price of sixteen
dollars, which would make the amount paid by him to farmers in the neighborhood
aggregate fourteen thousand and eight hundred dollars. All of the grapes
purchased came from the surrounding country, except two hundred and fifty tons,
which were shipped from Geyserville and Cloverdale.

   MARK WEST.—This was a little, old town, situated about four miles from Santa
Rosa, in a north-westerly direction, on the main road to Healdsburg and
Cloverdale. It was of small dimensions, though in the midst of a lively rich
agricultural country. A fine, large bridge spans Mark West Creek at this point.
The gentleman whose name the town bears settled there in 1840, and in the
following year erected the adobe building which, though quaint, odd and
venerable looking, is yet in a good state of preservation. More than one early
emigrant to Sonoma county had his heart gladdened by the sight of that old
institution, where he found a hearty welcome from that most generous of
pioneers, Mark West. A postoffice was established here October 25, 1865, with
Henry G. Giamini in charge. Most of the buildings that formed this town were
afterwards, on the arrival of the railroad, moved to Fulton, leaving naught to
Mark West but its ever-to-be-remembered name.

   FULTON.—This is a flourishing town on the San Francisco and North Pacific
Railroad, about five miles north of Santa Rosa, and is the terminus of the
branch of that line to Guerneville. It was founded by Thomas and James Fulton,
in 1871, from whom it derives its name. Here a large warehouse was erected by
the Fulton Brothers, at that time, capable of storing twelve hundred tons of
grain. Afterwards the railroad company constructed a freight ware-house and
passenger depot. James Fulton is the Postmaster, and C. Hopper the agent for
Wells, Fargo & Co. In 1859 a congregation of the Christian church was
established, with James and D. Fulton as Elders, and in 1872 a church edifice
was built. The town consists of two storey two blacksmith shops, one boot and
shoe store, one hotel, one livery stable, one saloon, a postoffice and agency.
It is placed in one of the finest agricultural districts in the county, and is
remarkably eligible as a shipping point. The produce annually exported from the
town is about nine thousand cords of wood, one thoussnd cords of tan bark, one
hundred and fifty car-loads of charcoal, besides large quantities of lumber,
grain, butter and general farm produce. Most of the land belongs to the Fulton
Brothers, though they have disposed of a portion of their original possessions.


Additional Comments:
Extracted from:

HISTORY
—OF-

SONOMA COUNTY,
-INCLUDING ITS—
Geology, Topooraphy, Mountains, Valleys and Streams;
—TOGETHER WITH—
A Full and Particular Record of the Spanish Grants; Its Early History and
Settlement, Compiled from the Most Authentic Sources; the Names of Original
Spanish and American Pioneers; a full Political History, Comprising the Tabular
Statements of Elections and Office-holders since the Formation of the County;
Separate Histories of each Township, Showing the Advancement of Grape and Grain
 Growing Interests, and Pisciculture;
ALSO, INCIDENTS OF PIONEER LIFE; THE RAISING OF THE BEAR FLAG; AND BIOGRAPHICAL
SKETCHES OF EARLY AND PROMINENT SETTLERS AND REPRESENTATIVE MEN;
—AND OF ITS—
Cities, Towns, Churches, Schools, Secret Societies, Etc., Etc.
ILLUSTRATED.
SAN FRANCISCO:
ALLEY, BOWEN & CO., PUBLISHERS.
1880.



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by ALLEY, BOWEN & Co.,
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

PACIFIC PRESS,
Oakland, Cal. Printers., Stereotypers and Binders.


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