Dade County FlArchives History - Books .....Miami In The Year 1925, Chapter 14 1925
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Book Title: Historical Sketches And Sidelights Of Miami, Florida

CHAPTER XIV
MIAMI IN THE YEAR 1925

  THE city has expanded and developed within an area of two miles north, south
and west of its original boundary lines and many miles in each direction beyond
the extended city limits. The bay, in an easterly direction, is crossed by a
causeway and a wooden bridge. The former has been constructed by the county and
city jointly, and the latter by John S. Collins, the original owner of the major
part of the peninsula across Biscayne Bay, opposite the city of Miami. This
peninsula is highly developed and is universally regarded as one of the most
attractive ocean-beach resorts in America. The initiators of this gigantic
development and creators of one of the nation's foremost playgrounds consisted
of a group of Miami's citizens headed by John S. Collins. The expansion of this
great achievement is carried on by Carl G. Fisher. Part of the peninsula is an
incorporated city, governed by a mayor and board of councilmen. Its westerly
boundary line extends to half way over the causeway. North of the causeway and
west of the eastern shore of the bay there are several enchanting artificial
islands upon which palatial residences are located and which connect with the
causeway and bridge. Its first mayor, J. N. Lummus, played a prominent part in
the early development of the peninsula which is now known as the City of Miami
Beach. Its development began in 1912.-The Miami River is spanned by three modern
bridges. The trail south of the river underwent transformation into a grand
boulevard extending to the town of Coconut Grove (now incorporated). The
territory west of the river is densely populated. Its main artery of traffic is
Flagler Street. Most of the beautiful grapefruit groves north and south of
Flagler Street have been subdivided in building lots. The territory west of the
terminus of Flagler Street, beyond the Tam-iami drainage canal, encompasses the
region of the Everglades, the land of which has been sold by the state at $2.00
per acre (as related in a preceding chapter of this book), and leads to a new
town called "Hialeah," where the Miami Jockey Club racetrack is located, which
was operated for the first time this season, and where building lots which have
been subdivided from contiguous tracts are sold at $1,000 to $3,000 each.
Through this territory in a westerly direction runs the Tamiami trail which will
eventually connect the cities of Tampa and Miami. In the territory south of
Flagler Street extension, about six miles west of the city, bounded by Coconut
Grove and Larkins, nestles Miami's famous suburb, the town of Coral Gables.
South of Larkins to Florida City, for a distance of about thirty miles, passing
through the heart of the red land and homestead region, there are innumerable
thriving towns and newly laid-out subdivisions.

   The territory north of the city has been subdivided and partly improved with
beautiful homes and business blocks. This embraces Buena Vista, Lemon City,
Little River, Arch Creek and Fulford. Opposite the latter there is a highway
leading to the ocean where several developments are being promoted by local and
outside operators. About six miles north of Fulford, between the Dixie Highway
and the ocean, is located the widely advertised town of Hollywood-by-the-Sea.

   The intervening areas, between the points mentioned above, abound in
subdivisions which are in the process of development. All of these developments
are tributary to the city of Miami and are important factors in its marvelous
growth and prosperity. On the other hand, the city of Miami is responsible for
their creation and future welfare.

   The physical aspect of Miami has undergone a miraculous change. Instead of
glaring white streets there are macadamized thoroughfares. In place of frame
shacks there are towering concrete and brick modern structures. In place of
bicycle and hack transportation there are trolley cars, modern busses and
countless privately owned automobiles. The city is dotted with beautiful parks,
the principal one of which is "Bay Park." This park consists of a forty-acre
fill on the west shore of Biscayne Bay, between Southeast Second and Northeast
Fifth streets, and is in process of creation. The city has countless attractive
homes, magnificent hotels and apartment houses, modern schoolhouses and
beautifully designed churches. The latter represent all of the Christian
denominations. There are also two Jewish houses of worship, namely, the pioneer
synagogue (Congregation Beth David) and Temple Israel.

   Of the religious organizations engaged in practical endeavors none exercises
greater and more far-reaching benevolence than the Salvation Army. Under the
guidance of Mr. and Mrs. John Bouterse, captains of the local organization, this
unique society stands preeminent in social-welfare pursuits and reclamation of
those fallen from grace. Prior to its becoming a community-chest unit it was
generously supported by non-sectarian contributions. In its former drives for
funds it was ably assisted by a non-member, R. M. Erdmans, who had successfully
conducted several of its campaigns.

   Miami is enjoying an unprecedented degree of prosperity. Its population is
increasing more rapidly than in any period of its history. The local bank
deposits show astounding gains as evidenced by monthly statements in the press.
Its building record exceeds those of cities of much greater population. Its
constantly increasing post-office receipts warrants the Federal Government to
establish additional sub-stations in various sections of the city.

   In 1921 Miami had emerged from its antiquated form of municipal government
and adopted the more modern one, namely, the Commission-Manager form. This,
however, has not been accomplished without almost insuperable difficulties owing
to the formidable opposition the movement engendered. The advocates of the new
regime finally won and elected the following group of citizens to draft a new
city charter: the late Judge J. Emmett Wolfe, T. V. Moore, Isidor Cohen, L. R.
Railey, W. H. Peeples, J. T. Weathers, J. W. Clausen, H. G. Ralstone, J. E.
Junkin, Sr., Francis M. Brown, G. Duncan Brossier, R. V. Waters, Mrs. William
Mark Brown, Mrs. J. M. Gross and John C. Knight.

   For the benefit of readers who settled here subsequent to the inauguration of
the new form of municipal government the writer herewith reproduces one of his
campaign articles. This will illustrate the nature of the opposition met by
those favoring a change. After having been defeated on the first issue, that of
making the change, and on the second issue, that of choosing its advocates as
members of the proposed charter board, the opponents vainly exerted their
efforts to defeat the banker-candidates for commissioners. The campaign article
follows: 

   The opponents of the bankers' ticket, which has the whole-hearted support of
the framers of Miami's new charter, are trying to prevent a fair test of its
operation by the injection of propaganda in this campaign, the following of
which are samples: "S. Bobo Dean (then editor of the Miami Metropolis) is
attempting selfishly to gain political power through the operation of his
political machine." "The newspapers have always been on opposite sides, but they
are now united in their support of the bankers' ticket." "Romfh and Gilman were
common bookkeepers, Lummus kept a grocery store, Leffler was an oil agent and
Wilson a fish dealer." "The promotion of the bankers' ticket is an attempt at
class legislation and an arrayment of capital against labor." "The bankers were
put on the ticket after it was found that nobody else would run."

   S. Bobo Dean is not a candidate for office. However, for the information of
the many new settlers in this city I state without fear of contradiction that
instead of S. Bobo Dean being a political machine builder he has proven to be a
political machine wrecker. His aggressive newspaper has destroyed the most
powerful political machine in the history of Dade County — the strongly
organized partisans of the Florida East Coast Railway Corporation.

   It is indeed very fortunate for our city to have both of its newspapers
united in the present movement for a better municipal government. This is strong
proof that the candidates whose election they advocate are better qualified, by
virtue of their intensive training as financiers, to serve our community than
those opposing them. If the situation were not so serious I would prefer to see
the Herald and the Metropolis remain true to their traditional antagonism.
Newspaper rivalry is as beneficial to a community as religious sectarianism is
to religion — no progress could be made without it. An attack against the
cardinal principles of religion brings all sects to its defense. In like manner
an attack against the common welfare of our community brings both of our
enterprising newspapers to its defense.

   The fact that common bookkeepers, a grocer, an oil agent and a fish dealer
have attained their present distinguished positions as heads of our leading
banking institutions is sufficient proof that they are capable of successfully
administering the affairs of our municipality. With due respect to their
opponents and detractors, I cannot conceive of any other group of our citizens
under whose guardianship we could place the destiny of our city with a greater
degree of safety than the group composing the bankers* ticket. In addition to
their professional fitness for the positions of city commissioners they are
large taxpayers and are the custodians of big enterprises, which are more
sensitive to municipal mismanagement than any other business. Their prestige as
bankers will exercise a more beneficial influence upon the administration of our
future city manager than that of men in other occupations.

   I cannot conceive of any other group of our citizenship who are less likely
to favor an arrayment of capital against labor or to foster strife and
contentions of any kind in our community. Why, the success of our banks more
than that of any other business depends upon a mutual satisfactory adjustment
between the two forces. This applies with equal force to the permanent
prosperity of our laboring classes. Nothing is more timid than capital. The
banishment of confidence from a locality is immediately followed by a withdrawal
of capital — and the results are unemployment and general depression.

   The supporters of the bankers' ticket are absolutely opposed to raising a
"labor and capital" issue in this campaign. Should this be forced upon them by
the so-called friends of labor our people will be driven into a political
alignment which will prove decidedly disadvantageous to organized labor. There
is no other issue in this campaign than the issue of saving our city from
economic retrogression.

   Why prate of class legislation, or capital against labor? One of these
praters uttered a sensible remark when he stated that this city needs an "
honest-to-God non-political administration." The framers of the new charter had
such an administration in view when they initiated the successful movement for a
change in the fundamental principle of our municipal government. They also had
this in view when they considered the qualifications of possible candidates,
including the one who now decries the fostering of class rule in Miami. After
careful consideration in which they were guided by the sound direction of a
large number of Miami's leading business and professional men, they wisely
selected the presidents of the city's five leading banking institutions, not
only as " an honest-to-God non-political" aggregation, but as the logical
candidates who if elected, will render the commission-manager form of government
in Miami eminently successful.

   The opposition candidates seem to be fond of platforms. They criticize the
bankers, who have been drafted into this campaign, for their omission to compare
platforms with them. Every intelligent voter is familiar with the bankers'
platform without hearing it shouted at public meetings. Their platform can be
summarized in two words, namely: PROGRESSIVE ADMINISTRATION. This includes an
improved water system, extension of gas service, parks and playgrounds,
municipal hospitals and everything else that may contribute to the happiness and
prosperity of our community (all of the above public utilities have been greatly
enhanced and increased during the bankers' administration).

   Some of the supporters of the opposition ticket are circulating most
fantastic rumors in order to prejudice the  minds of the voters against the
bankers' ticket. Those who have been thus imposed upon were told that in the
event of the bankers' election they (the bankers) would all resign and appoint
Mr. Ralstone and four ministers in their places in order to subject our
community to some imaginary blue-laws. They were told that Romfh and Gilman have
wrecked the Fidelity Bank. They were told that there is a secret agreement
between the bankers not to serve unless all of their group are elected. They
were told that in the event of the bankers' election all mortgages held by their
respective banks will immediately be "foreclosed. These rumor mongers evidently
have little respect for the intelligence of their friends and fellow-townsmen.
The opposition must be desperate indeed to resort to such ridiculous tactics in
order to defeat the men who are best qualified to save the city from imminent
danger of bankruptcy.

   One of the opposition candidates is quoted as saying that our bankers are
pessimists, and that optimism is highly essential to a community's progress. If
optimism is the mainspring of our progress, then Miami's future could not
possibly be entrusted into better hands than those of the bankers. Miami's
bankers have proven their optimism by their financial backing of many of their
present detractors under conditions which required the highest order of optimism
to risk their money. Having watched the conduct of Miami's bankers for the past
twenty-five years, I do not hesitate to state that our city's marvelous growth
and the growing affluence of many of our citizens are largely due to our
bankers' temperate optimism and profound faith in our city and its citizenship.

   The quotation of the foregoing article will give the reader an idea of the
local political situation during the transition period of Miami's political
progress, and of the present advanced method of political campaigning over that
of the early stages in the city's history.

   The bankers' ticket won by a handsome majority. Two years later the same
ticket was reelected by an overwhelming majority against similar opposition.
Judge A. J. Rose was the first City Attorney under the new regime and served
until his elevation to the Circuit Court judgeship. T. E. ("Tubby") Price, the
first Municipal Judge; Col. C. S. Coe, the first City Manager, and C. D. Leffler
the first Mayor-Commissioner. The latter  was succeeded by E. C. Romfh,
president of the First National Bank. Earnest Cotton is Director of Public
Service; C. L. Huddlestone, Director of Finance; F. B. Stoneman, Municipal Judge
and F. H. Wharton, City Manager.

   The Commission-Manager form of government has been fully vindicated, and its
successful administration by five competent business men, serving without
compensation, has given a tremendous impetus to Miami's progress. Under their
administration many of the city's narrow streets have been widened and paved,
sewer system greatly improved, street-car lines extended and the service vastly
improved, ample docking facilities to meet the increasing demands of the port of
Miami have been provided, a new water system installed providing wholesome
drinking water for the growing population, a municipal golf course, a modern
hospital, additional bridges, an improved garbage-disposal plant and countless
minor municipal improvements contributing to the safety and comfort of the
public have been effected in a, comparatively speaking, very short time. The
city's credit stands higher than in any period of its existence. Miami municipal
bonds sell at a premium and there is a constant influx of foreign capital, not
only for municipal expansion but also for private enterprises. Several bond
issues have recently been floated by the S. W. Straus Company and the G. L.
Miller Company which have been taken up by the investing public with marked
celerity. Highly capitalized mortgage companies are establishing branch offices
and are vastly profiting by the intensive realty trading and building operations
which are going on in the city, county and entire east coast section of Florida.

   Miami's fraternal orders, philanthropic organizations and civic clubs are
also evidencing great progress — spiritual as well as material. The Rotary,
Kiwanis, Civitan, Lions, Exchange and Ad clubs are most potent agencies in the
advancement of the moral, intellectual and commercial welfare of Dade County's
citizenship. All of the above organizations came into being in the last five years.

   Miami's latest philanthropic organization, a branch of the Children's Home
Society of Florida, won the enthusiastic support of its citizens immediately
upon Administrator Marcus Fagg's appeal to the people in behalf of this humane
institution. Through the commendable efforts of a group of public-spirited
citizens, whose names will follow, a substantial fund has been raised for the
acquisition and maintenance of a suitable home. The main headquarters of this
institution, which for the past decade has been administered by Marcus Fagg, who
is known throughout the state as "Daddy" Fagg, is located in Jacksonville. In
this noble institution the unfortunate child is not only given proper care and
wholesome environment of which it has been deprived through poverty, cruelty,
ignorance or criminality, but it is restored to its natural function, that of
bringing joy into cheerless homes and contentment and happiness in the hearts of
childless people.

   This undertaking has been initiated by the Lions Club which had the moral
support of all the other civic organizations. The actual work entailed in
raising a fund of $30,000 has been performed by George K. Palmer and Thos. S.
Davenport who were assisted by the following workers: Jesse L. Murrel, Carl T.
Hoffman, Judge J. L. Billingsley, J. M. Botts, Milo Coffrin, E. M. Crawford,
Chas. D. Neider, John H. St. John, Grover C. Zaring, Fred C. High, Vernon N.
Hawthorn, W. A. Riddle, L. C. Richardson and H. G. Weidenfeller.

   The board of officers of this institution is composed of the following
citizens: President F. M. Hudson; Vice-Presidents Thos. S. Davenport, W. N.
Urmey and Fred H. Rand; Secretary Ross A. Reeder; Treasurer Grover C. Zaring;
Counselor J. L. Billingsley.

   The Scottish Rite Masons and Shriners have recently erected a magnificent
temple which would be regarded as a highly creditable achievement for a city
with a population of three hundred thousand. This imposing edifice is located in
the northwestern section of the city and is overlooking the Miami River. It is
of Moorish design and of impressive proportions. The walls of its spacious
auditorium are adorned with replicas of ancient Egyptian sculpture which conform
to the exterior architectural model of the structure and impart a feeling of awe
upon those who enter. The moving spirits in this important enterprise were: John
B. Orr, Frank B. Stoneman, Henry Pridgen, Alexander Orr, Jr., George Okell,
Fred. W. DeLaney, James Donn, William Atwater, Don C. Cadagan, W. E. Brown, A.
Q. Moore, W. J. Strahn and John Seybold.

   Old landmarks are fast disappearing and old-timers can hardly realize that
this is the city of Miami. One striking landmark, however, is still extant,
namely, the Royal Palm Hotel. This old hostelry is the most notable hotel in the
city and is well patronized by people of affluence and refinement. Its location,
at the mouth of the Miami River and Biscayne Bay, is ideal; its surroundings are
highly ornate. Its continued success, despite the innumerable new and
fashionable hotels so much in evidence throughout the city and at the beach, is
largely due to its affable and highly efficient manager, Joseph P. Greaves, who
has been connected with this fashionable resort for over a decade.

   New mercantile establishments and banks have recently been opened, among them
the Commercial Bank & Trust Company and the Ta-Miami Bank, whose future is very
promising from a financial standpoint. Then, too, they are free from the
hardships and vicissitudes to which the pioneers in these lines had been
subjected, as related in the opening chapters of this book.

   The city is filled with real-estate brokers and operators, some of whom are
making great fortunes. Their boosting spirit is infectious. Winter visitors who
have never made real-estate investments in their respective home towns are
making local investments involving big sums of money. There are very few local
people who do not own some Miami realty. The prevailing price of Flagler Street
inside lots is $6,000 per front foot, and corners at a proportionate increase.
North Miami Avenue lots, close in, bring $2,000 per front foot. North First
Avenue, near Flagler Street, $4,000 per front foot. Second Avenue and North
Bayshore Drive, similarly situated, $3,000 per front foot — this compares rather
favorably with the prices quoted in the opening chapter of this book.

   The beautiful homes, imposing office buildings and palatial hotels which have
recently been erected in the city and its environs, reflect the skill of their
builders and the esthetic taste of their architects. The pioneers in this field
are: Walter C. DeGarmo, George Pfeiffer, Harold H. Munday and August Geiger.
These masters of the craft have contributed in a large measure to the present
metropolitan appearance of the "Magic City."

   The Seminole Indians who had been very much in evidence in the early days of
Miami are now rarely seen on the streets of the city except during the tourist
season when they appear in groups composed of gaudily dressed men, women and
children and receive much attention from the winter visitors. They also derive
considerable revenue from visitors to their villages, which are located in the
northwestern section of the city at Musa Isle, overlooking the north fork of the
Miami River, and at Hialeah, to whom they sell Indian souvenirs. This traffic is
conducted under the supervision of their educated leaders who reveal a high
order of business acumen. Their number, however, is fast diminishing. They are a
peaceable people and were always great favorites with Miami's pioneers. An
intoxicated Indian is an extremely rare sight, whereas in the early days a sober
one was just as rare. The partial drainage of the Everglades and its penetration
by the whites have deprived the red man of his heritage, namely, the game which
that vast territory harbored in great abundance. Despite their precarious
existence they stubbornly resist Uncle Sam's efforts to remove them to a western
Indian reservation where they would become the wards of the government. They
evidently love their independence too well to exchange it for ease and comfort.

   Many of Miami's pioneers who have been identified with its progress have
passed out of this life. Their survivors are little noticeable on the streets
and are seldom seen at public assemblies. This is not due to the infirmities of
age in all cases, but rather to the substitution of the one-hour luncheon
meetings of the present civic clubs for the nightly open forums of the past at
which they were wont to demonstrate their forensic prowess for the glory of
Miami their beloved "Magic City."

   Miami has undergone an indescribable change, not only in its physical aspect
but also in the manners, habits and pursuits of its citizenship. The pioneers
loved leisure and thrilling amusement, and were fond of discussing politics,
theology, evolution and philosophy, and at opportune times abusing the railroad
corporation; whereas the new settlers are absorbed, almost exclusively, in
real-estate deals and building operations. It should be noted, however, that the
former were not averse to acquiring Miami realty when attainable. In this
connection it should be remarked that some of the living pioneers have amassed
large fortunes which they are enjoying in their mature years, and some of the
departed ones have left still greater fortunes to their surviving families. All
of them, with few exceptions, came here penniless.

   In spite of the sharp contrasts pointed out in these pages, the surviving
pioneers are as deeply attached to Miami at this period as they were in the
early stages of its development, when its inhabitants knew one another intimately.

   The metamorphosis of Miami also extends to its climatic conditions as well as
to its fauna. The first few years after its settlement the month of November
brought chilling breezes, and as the fall advanced this section was visited by
freezing weather which continued intermittendy until the end of March. During
these cold spells vegetable crops were destroyed and the growing grapefruit were
saved by burning "Smudges" in the groves. The inhabitants were obliged to use
oil heaters in their homes and places of business in order to maintain a
comfortable temperature. The months of August, September and October were
unbearably sultry and were the harbingers of gales of, in some instances,
hurricane intensity. There was an abundance of snakes and wild cats, and the
rivers and creeks harbored alligators. These have disappeared as the town and
country developed; as did the flying roaches, red ants, horseflies and other
insects which plagued the early pioneers — even the pesky mosquito is gradually
disappearing. This section, however, is still visited by torrential and
continuous rains and occasionally by a West Indian gale whose violence is
dissipated before reaching this section. These occur during the latter part of
September and the first part of October. The months of August, September and
October constitute the rainy season, providing the necessary degree of moisture
for the soil and tempering the tropical effect of the summer season.

   At the termination of the rainy season there is, with rare exceptions, a long
period, ending in the month of June, of mild, dry and sunshiny weather which
renders Miami's winter climate superior to that of any other part of the world,
and which warrants its claim, in midwinter, of "It is always June in Miami."

   The city of Miami is approaching the point when something besides enthusiasm,
optimism and heightened predictions must be set in motion to fulfill its
destiny. The conversion of miles of grapefruit groves and farming land into
building lots which the public confidently buys will not make Miami the kind of
city we want her to be. Nor will the multiplication of winter visitors and the
continuous building of large hotels to accommodate them for three or four months
in the year render Miami capable of supporting a dense population twelve months
in the year.

   Miami must have industries employing large numbers of operatives that will
not only sustain the ever-increasing number of merchants and professional men
throughout the year, but will create a demand for dwellings which should cover
the countless building lots referred to above.

   I am inclined to believe that Miami's land subdivision phenomenon which fills
visitors as well as natives with amazement will in itself bring about a
realization of the destiny we bespeak for this marvelous little city. It is
only-a matter of time when the large subdivision promoters will find it
expedient to set aside a certain percentage of their receipts to be applied to
the payment of attractive bonuses to operators of manufacturing and other
industries as an inducement to locate in the vicinity of their respective holdings.

   Miami has always had ambitions to become an important commercial center. Due
mainly to the delay in securing deep water for its harbor and to the strong
desire of certain interests to preserve Miami exclusively for tourists, its
ambitious pioneers were obliged to abandon their efforts in this direction. At
one time in the history of this city its pioneers had approached realization of
their cherished dreams so closely that it had been taken for granted that the
solution of Miami's problems had finally been effected,  as shown by the
following incident which took place about seventeen years ago.

   The Brickell family, the largest landowners in this section of Florida, had
conveyed two hundred building lots and a square block of land situated in its
center to the Miami Board of Trade under the following conditions, namely, that
the said organization sell the lots and apply the proceeds to a fund to be used
for the exclusive purpose of securing cigar factories for Miami; the square
block of land to be reserved for the erection of factory buildings, and after a
certain term of years their sites to be conveyed to the factory owners. The
purchasers of the lots were to erect dwellings thereon for the operatives of the
proposed factories, thus insuring their investments, Unfortunately, the scheme
proved abortive, because of lack of adequate transportation facilities and the
difficulty apprehended by manufacturers in keeping Cuban labor in as small a
town as Miami was then. What had prompted the Brickell family to make an effort
to secure industries will eventually actuate Miami's present subdivision
promoters to engage in similar activities. When this is accomplished Miami will
come into its own.

   The location of factories in Miami will not affect its tourist business as
some are inclined to believe. Winter visitors will continue to come to Miami in
constantly increasing numbers as long as winter follows summer in their
respective home towns. If cigar factories are undesirable there are other
industries which could successfully be operated here on a large scale. The
eventual double-tracking of the Florida East Coast Railway, the forthcoming
extension of the Seaboard Railroad, which has already reached West Palm Beach,
to Miami, and the recent inauguration of steamship freight and passenger service
between New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Miami have removed the
difficulties experienced by Miami's pioneers in this direction.

   Hotel and apartment-house keepers, merchants and professional men who are
fortunate enough to have secured strategic locations for seasonal business are
making enough profits during the winter season to render them indifferent to the
need of payrolls, but a great majority of small tradesmen, rooming-housekeepers,
and those engaged in other occupations depending upon public patronage,
including property owners, in outlying districts in which the intensified realty
activity prevailing in the center of the city has induced extensive
developments, as well as the large emporiums and other important mercantile
establishments which are operated throughout the year, must have a large
permanent population to support them.

  As a winter resort, Miami has no peer. Its geographical location with
reference to the most densely populated sections of the United States, its
situation along the majestic Bay of Biscayne and the romantic Miami River, its
proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, its matchless winter climate
which knows no extreme variation of temperature between day and night, its
exotic plant-life and perennial verdure, coupled with a citizenship that
includes men of unbounded ambition, tremendous energy, and incomparable daring,
combine in insuring the permanency of its growing fame as the most enchanting
winter resort in America.

THE END


Additional Comments:

Extracted from:

HISTORICAL SKETCHES AND SIDELIGHTS OF MIAMI, FLORIDA
BY ISIDOR COHEN

MIAMI
PRIVATELY PRINTED

1925

Copyright, 1925,
By ISIDOR COHEN,
MIAMI, FLORIDA

PRINTED IN THE U. S. A. 
UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.


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