Chattahoochee County GaArchives History - Schools .....School Records 1 ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/ga/gafiles.htm ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Joy Fisher http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00001.html#0000031 November 4, 2004, 12:06 am The following was copied from original belonging to Mrs. Anna Wilson Hughes of Pineville, Georgia. Cusseta High School for Young Ladies and Gentlemen Cusseta, Ga., Eighteen miles south east from Columbus. The Exercises of this Institution will be resumed on the Second Monday in January, 1861. The following studies may be pursued, subject to the discretion of the teachers, and the option of the parent or guardian: Classical,—Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Modern Languages,—French, German, Italian, and Romance Greek. Mathematics,—Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Surveying, Navigation, Trigonometry, Analytical Geometry, Calculus, Astronomy and Cambridge Mathematics. Natural Sciences,—Philosophy, Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry, Geology, Botany, Physiology, etc. English Studies,—Orthography, Reading, Writing, Elocution, English Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, History Geography, Phonography, etc. Charges for Forty Weeks For Orthography, Elocution and Penmanship $16.00 For Grammar, Geography, Arithmetic, History with either of the above $21.00 For Algebra, Arithmetic, (concluded), Phonography $32.00 For Higher Mathematics, Languages (ancient), Natural Science $40.00 For Modern Languages, each extra $10.00 For Music $40.00 For Use of Instrument $ 5.00 Incidentals $ 1.00 Pupils will be charged from the time of entrance to the time of withdrawal. Deductions made for sickness only. No entrance less time than ten weeks. Board, including washing and lodging, can be obtained for $10 monthly. Tuition and board due at the close of school. The subscribers, from their long experience as teachers, are prepared to offer to young ladies and young gentlemen, seeking an education, every facility that can be obtained at any institution of like kind in Georgia. They have engaged the services of Mrs. S. J. Blanchard, graduate of Wesleyan Female College, whose past success in teaching music leaves nothing to be desired. She will give free lessons in vocal music, with the view of training the vocal organs. They have procured suitable apparatus for the proper illustration of Chemistry as applied to Agriculture, and Botany as applied to Horticulture. The subject of Mathematica will receive particular attention, the course including Astronomy and Cambridge Mechanics. There being no classification, no subject will be dropped until the student is proficient in it. Lectures will be freely given on the various sciences and the moral duties and obligations of the young. The Principles are, in short determined by constant application, by energy and thoroughness of teaching, to instill that amount of knowledge, that will fit the student for the duties and labors of life; and to exert that moral influence that the youth may acquire none of the vices common to the young. They refer for success in this particular to the extraordinary good conduct which has distinguished the students for the past year, there being no case of expulsion. Young men who desire to fit themselves thoroughly for teaching, will find unusual advantages in our school, and will be specially trained for this object, if desired. References.—Their numerous friends and acquaintances. J. B. Huff, Charles H. Hamm, A. M., Principles. This was the day when the prevailing line of thought was that it was the duty of the individual and not the state to pay for children's education. The result was there were too many children growing up in ignorance because their parents were either unable or unwilling to pay their tuition. So Chattahoochee as did all other counties of the state made provision for a fund to give these children limited educational opportunities. The first school building at Cusseta was near the camp ground and also near the Cobb place. Mr. Shipp says "The old Huff school house was midway between the cool spring and Aunt Patsy Cobb's house and just south of a large rock that jutted out of the ground near the road one mile west of Cusseta." Where this school house, cottages for campers at meetings each year, the first Baptist Church near Cusseta and Mrs. Cobb's home and well known apple and cherry orchard stood, nothing remains to identiify their location except the fine spring of water and some chinaberry trees. In 1859 another school building was erected upon land donated by Mr. W. W. Shipp. This building now known as "the old school house" is between the site of the Shipp home (now owned by J. H. Jones' family) and Harmony cemetery. Little is known of those schools at Jamestown and at Shell Creek when that territory was first settled. But there is a deed recorded in Columbus which shows that a promoter of education in this county, Dr. James McLester, donated the land for Shell Creek Academy. The deed giving this half acre "upon which Shell Creek Academy is now erected," drawn in 1847, furnished the names of the trustees of this school; viz.: Wm. G. Woolridge, George W. Caraker, Archibald Bonnell, Sheldon Swift and James McGuire. Witnesses, John Flinn and Archibald. Bonnell, J. P. Prior to 1854 there were other schools in this part of Muscogee County. From Acts of 1837, Sec. 23. And be it further enacted, that Joshua McCook, A. Watkins and James Hickey be, and they are hereby appointed Trustees of the Halloca Academy, in the County of Muscogee. The first school house of pine logs at Mt. Zion was very crude. L. Whitman was teaching there about the time this county was formed. The following quotation is from an article by Mrs. Mary W. Miller, the facts having been furnished by her mother and older sister. "Mr. Lamar was one of the early instructors. He boarded at my father's, and my mother's brothers, Jesse and Wood King stayed at her home at that time and attended school in Cusseta. Also my father's brother Berry Wilkinson stayed with them at the same time to attend school." The most popular teacher in those early days was Mr. J. B. Huff, who taught all that generation. At that time trustees were elected and the teachers were employed to teach a certain length of term at a fixed salary, or each patron subscribed so many children, the teacher charging so much tuition per month for each child according to advancement and number of studies pursued. Or the most influential patrons obligated themselves to pay so much money and hired the teachers regardless of the number of children that might enter. I have an old receipted bill of One Hundred and Seventy-five Dollars that was paid by my father for one term. Later than 1856 the schools kept three teachers busy for a nine months' term every year,—these being principal, assistant, and a music teacher. Every family of any importance that had daughters bought a piano, usually costing from five hundred to one thousand dollars. These were the old-fashioned, long, box-like instruments, that were later replaced by the more modern, upright piano. The first family to buy a piano was that of Mr. Hardison, living near Glen Alta. The closing of the schools was now a matter of much importance; one day being devoted to the public, oral examinations of the pupils, while at night the exercises closed with an exhibition, when the boys made speeches and dialogues were acted, with music between the performances. When Professor Hamm of New York was the assistant teacher, the young ladies acted a little play and spoke in the French language. But when the war cloud appeared, Professor Hamm returned to his native state and was never heard of again by his pupils. Dr. Tigner, who was later a successful dentist of Columbus, was a teacher here for one year when a young man. The boys now studied Latin, the girls, French and music, and both boys and girls were sent away to college as they finished at the village schools. The curriculum was as high in that old village school as it is in many colleges of today. My oldest sister quit school at the age of eighteen, anxious to attend college where her classmates were going; but while her brother two years her senior was sent, she was kept at home to assist in the management of that large household. When I returned from college with an exalted idea of my own learning, twenty-five years after this sister had quit school, I was surprised to find that she had pursued the same course of study that I did, only the books had been written by different authors. Hunting up her old books, the arithmetics, algebras, psychology, logic, science, I found that she comprehended them better than I did. Even in the principles of music she was more proficient than I. Of course, in the Latin books of my brothers, there was even less difference. Walking out one night to teach them what I thought I had learned about astronomy, I found that my mother knew the constellations better than I did, having learned them from her parents and from those who had travelled by them through the paths of life. Some of the wealthy families hired a governess for their children, usually a lady of learning from the North. In many instances, these strangers liked the country and the people so well that they married here and made their homes in the South. Of course the schools suffered during the war. It took boys from their books, put a rifle in their hands for four years, and flung them back with health gone and resources depleted. Immediately succeeding the war, education was neglected in the struggle for existence and learning reached a low ebb among the younger generation. My fourth brother, Pete, first attended school in 1856. The teachers then were Mr. Brown and Mr. Huff. Colonel Johnson and his wife also taught here. He was also, a lawyer and a preacher. Miss Barbee, afterward Mrs. Wise Parker, was an assistant teacher. State of Georgia—Chattahoochee County The number of free white children between the ages of 6 and 18 is 761. The number of free white children between the ages of 6 and 18 who have been taught the elementary branches of an English education is 398. The number of free white children between the ages of 6 and 18 who have been taught higher branches of education is 91. The average rate of tuition in elementary branches per scholastic year is $16.00. Tuition in higher branches $24.00 per scholastic year. The grand jury and Inferior Court have assessed 12^ per cent upon the State Tax for school purposes which will probably raise the sum of $300.00. Children under 6 years of age who have attended school the present year in county is 38. Number over 18 years of age who have attended school present year in county is 37. Total of all attending school present year is 527. No. of school houses in county is 20. No. of schools taught in county present year is 13. No. of teachers who have taught school in this county within present year and who have received certificates of competency according to law is male 11, females 2. There is no county academy in this county. This county adheres to poor school system in the state as to disbursement of school funds. 22nd Day October, 1860. E. G. Raiford, Ordinary Names of patrons of schools of Chattahoochee County in 1860. Total number of children between 6 and 18 years of age is 761. Given under my hand October 22, 1860, by E. G. Raiford, Ordinary. This is copied from record kept in Atlanta. Mrs. Henrietta Brewer 1, Wm. Barbaree 2, Wm. Blackburn 4, Thomas W. Carter 7, Abram Cobb 5, Meredith Dillard 3, Mrs. Sarah E. Duncan 5, Mrs. Jane Dodson 3, Elias Folsom 4, Lemuel Guy 1, David W. Hooks 2, Wm. P. Jones 4, John R. Lypsey 5, Wm. P. Lane 2, H. Coker 1, Hezekiah Miller 6, M. M. Moore 4, D. G. McGlaun 6, Nathaniel Nicholson 3, Edmund O'Neal 5, James E. Royals 4, Mrs. Nancy Roberts 3, G. B. Scoggins 3, Charles H. Taylor 4, J. E. Thompson 4, Starling Wood 4, Mrs. Mary A. Blair 1, Mrs. Martha Browning 3, James E. Browning 3, Wilson Culpepper 2, Henry Culpepper 6, Geo. W. Helms 3, John A. Hays 4, Gray Harris 2, M. T. Hollis 5, James Holly 2, John B. Jones 1, Walker P. Jones 2, William N. King 1, Wm. H. Langford 4, Benj. Pate 1, Leroy Pollard 2, David A. Pickren 3, Chappel Roberts 2, B. Roberts 3, M. H. Snellings 1. J. L. Snellings 1, E. A. Snellings 1, Robt. W. Windham 3, Paschal Wall 4, Daniel Wilkerson 1, Wm. A. Whipple 1, M. D. Wall 2, Abner Wilkinson 5, James Whittle 1, Jhn. F. Williams 6, Thos. Welch 1, Jas. M. White 3, Jas. S. Allums 2, Peterson Sanders 2, Vincent L. Averett 1, A. J. Austin 6, Augustus B. Austin 5, Mrs. Martha A. Bush 4, Hyman Albritton 3, Francis McGovern 2, W. W. McKenzie 2, Jas. P. McNaughton 6, Gabriel M. Osteen 1, Thos. J. Powers 3, Edmund Jones 1, Mrs. Martha I. Parker 3, Shadrach Potts 3, Thos. L. Psalmmonds 1, Obediah Phillips 1, E. G. Raiford 1, Jas. M. Roberts 2, Mrs. Susan Parkman 2, Jas. M. Renfroe 2, James Ray 4, Pinckney B. Rogers 2, Wm. Rogers 3, Risdon Ryan 5, Madison Sanders 4, Harrison Thomas 4, Isaac Underwood 3, Dan'l H. Wynn 2, N. H. Short 4, Wm. W. Shipp 5, E. G. Webb 5, Wm. B. Willis 1, Jas. W. Wright 3, Mrs. Mary A Wooldridge 3, Jas. Wilson 1, Ezekiel Walters 4, Henry T. Woodall 4, Jas. Williams 1, Robert Wilkinson 2, M. E. Walters 2, Wm. G. Wilkinson 6, John Fussell 2, Micajah Phillips 2, Joel Phillips 1, John Armstrong. Richard Isham 2, Edwin Adams 3, N. J. Bussey 4, Nathaniel Bailey 5, Drury Banks 3, David Cody 2, Lawson Cody 2, Wm. Dodson 3, Geo. W. Fisher 1, Geo. Adams 4, Myles Greene 4, Balina Greer 2, John W. Hewell 2, Benj. James 3, A. W. Redding 1, W. A. Sapp 2, W. G. Wooldridge 4, Thomas Moorefield 3, Mrs. Elizabeth G. Burt 4, Calvin Blann 3, Jas. W. Cook 2, Simpson L. Duncan 2, A. B. W. Dorrington 3, Caleb Gallops 3, Walter Jones 2, Jas. M. Lowe 2, Green P. Morgan 6, Barney Malana 3, John W. McMurrian 4, Micajah Wardlaw 2, W. A. Bartlett 2, Edmund Culpepper 3, W. W. Clark 3, John Culpepper 5, Chas. Cousins 4, Jacob H. Black 1, Eli Clark 4, Simeon Dean 4, Minus Doolittle 5, John F. Daniel 1, Samuel J. Fleming 2, Wm. Farmer 3, Geo. Greer 2, Lovelace S. Ginn 3, Garrison Helms 4, Edmund B. Jenkins 4, Jas. H. Lawson 4, Mrs. Elizabeth Lunsford 5, John Majors 4, Aaron Searcy 2, Henry G. Smith 4, John Searcy 3, Wm. T. McShort 2, Green B. Taylor 1, Josiah Talbot 4, Enuty Waddle 4, Orphans, [transcriber’s note – don’t know if this belongs to the name above or below this entry] John J. Hickey 2, Wm. Morgan 4. John Morris 5, Elijah Morgan 2, John Austin 2, Mrs. Elizabeth Putnam 2, John Pate 4, Jacob Parker 1, Jackson Sizemore 3, A. M. Sheppard 1, Wm. Spires 2, Geo. F. Tigner 2, Henry Turner 7, Lasseter Turner 1, Samuel J. Weed 2, Wm. Waddington 4, L. D. Williams 4, Jacob Waddle 2, H. J. Williams 1, Jasper Wooten. 1, Jas. Abrams 2, John G. Baggett 3, Samuel L. Bartlett 2, A. J. Baggett 6, Mrs. Hepsy Ann Bush 4, m. J. Cobb 3, A. M. Chustain 1, Thomas W. Christian 3, W. M. Covington 2, Wherry C. Cannon 2, E. P. Caldwell 1, Hiram Fuller 3, Elijah P. Greer 2, John D. Holcomb 1, John Horn 1, B. P. Hill 1, Jesse Hill 5, Rhesa Jones 2, Chas. LaHatte 5, L. G. McGehee 1, Wm. Morgan 5, Thos. J. Miles 5, Mrs. Cynthia Morrell 2, J. S. Weaver 1, Wm. J. McBride 4, Geo. L. Massey 1, Wm. Miller 2, John Morrell 4, Jacob Williams 4, W. O. Nicholson 1, Mrs. Rebecca Newman 3, Amos R. Nelson 2, J. M. Nicholson 3, Wm. H. Parkman 5, T. W. Reese 5, Teo Sapp 1, W. W. Smith 5, Calvin Stephens 1. Henry Turnage 2, Pleasant Tomerlin 5, Hubbard Van Horn 3, Benj. F. Willis 1, Wm. Wilkerson .2, John Weaver 6, E. M. Weems 1, Isaih Willis 1, John W. Watkins 2, Benj. Wallis 3, Wm. P. Perry 3, Jas. M. Brooks 3, Jno. Bonnell 4, Wm. P. Barbee 1, Wm. Bagley 8, Jas. M. Cobb Jr. 1, William Cobb 1, Simpson Currie 1, Nathaniel Cobb 3, Richard H. Dent 5, L. W. Ellis 5, Benj. S. Fussell 4, Jacob A. Fussell 1, Jas. N. Fussell 1, A. H. Flewellen 2, Wilson Gordy 1, Jas. Guyden 6, Mark A. George 3, F. M. Harris 1, Thos. A. Harry 5, Whit Horn 5, Jas. B. Hugg 1, Geo. B. Hawks 1, Joseph A. Hewell 1, Mrs. Mary Howard 4, T. W. Howard 3, Jas. Johnson 4, Mrs. Martha Jones 5, Wm. J. Langford 1, Wright McCook 1, Mrs. Nancy Matthews 5, Jas. Wardle 3, Dr. Jas. McLester 4. Fanny Van Horn (Mrs. G. G. Gordy) as a pupil of Prof. Charles La Hatte became so proficient in Latin, that she taught this language at Harmony when J. M. Lester was principal of that school. A number of compositions have been preserved and a page from one is given which will be of interest to her grandchildren. ON WAR War is a conflict of armies between parties at variance. Ambition, love of power and the evil passions of men have been a fruitful source of war in all ages and nations. The love of glory, of conquest and plunder has brought great armies into the field of battle and often has proved the ruin of great empires and swept them from the face of the earth. Where now is the proud Assyrian nation, where Carthage and ancient Greece and Rome? Gone from the earth and we. can only judge their former grandeur by the splendor of their ruins. Sometimes war is forced upon a people when they have to fight in defense of their liberty and their homes, and in such a war we are now engaged. While we are here engaged in studying the old Roman writers of nearly 2,000 years ago and in quietly transposing our x'y and y's in Algebra formulas, our neighbors and friends and relatives are in the tented field or engaged in deadly strife in a conflict wickedly forced upon us by those who seek to enslave and rob us of our possessions. Perhaps at the moment we are writing, thousands may be lying in agony torn with shot or gashed with cuts, some hourly expected to die a most excruciating death; others to linger in torture weeks and months and many doomed to drag out a miserable existence for the rest of their lives with diseased and mutilated bodies. ---------------- According to the available records at Cusseta, there have been only three men serving as School Superintendent in this county, Mr. James Castleberry, Dr. C. N. Howard, Sr., until his death, and succeeding him G. W. King Jr. who was President of the Board of Education at that time, and who has been elected by the people since. Beginning with 1873 there is an orderly arrangement of the names of the teachers of the county in office of Superintendent. In a letter dated Dec. 14, 1885, to Hon. G, F. Orr, State Supt. of Schools, Atlanta, Ga., James Castleberry, Ordinary of Chattahoochee County, says that the Board for that year allowed each neighborhood in the county to select its own time for teaching the public term of three months; but the schools must have begun in time to be completed by Dec. 1. The result was that some schools were taught the first three months, some the last three, and others at intervening periods of the year. "So that there has been no time of the year that I could certify that all the schools were within three weeks of closing the three months' term." All middle aged men and women whose childhood was spent near Cusseta will read with deep interest appreciation any contribution about the life of Miss Julia Allums, later Mrs. O. W. Turner. There were no normal schools for her to attend in order that she might learn the art of teaching. But she learned the latest methods of her day and applied these methods so naturally that it seemed she must have originated instead of acquired them. She was the daughter of Jas. S. and Mary George Allums. So the memories of another grand daughter of Mr. George, who is also a grand daughter of Mr. Wilson Gordy, touching especially upon the life of "Miss Julia" and incidentally upon the lives of other well known citizens of the county will be read with peculiar interest. MEMORIES OF JULIA ALLUMS By Mrs. Carrie Gordy Parks My first memory of Cousin Julia Allums was that she was good, kind and patient with every one and a general favorite with all. I must have been quite young, four or five years of age, at the time she was visiting at Grandpa George's, which was my home after Father's death. I had a horrible dream one night, that Mama was in great danger. I could not sleep again and wanted a light. Cousin Julia got up with me and talked until I went to sleep. I had ever after that incident an unlimited confidence in Cousin Julia. Another incident of her kindness to others that I remember so well, is about an elderly man and his wife, by name of McCoy, who lived across town from us, whom Cousin Julia visited at least once each week. She often let me accompany her. Every one said, "Uncle Mac" and "Aunt Mirny." Cousin Julia read the Bible for them, or anything else they wanted her to read. One time Aunt Mirny was baking sweet potatoes, and said they would not get soft. "Julie, look at them," she said. Cousin Julia did, and found .pieces of brick in the oven. The poor old man was blind and I suppose she was, too. Cousin Julia got some potatoes for them, for they depended upon her, and looked forw.ard to her visits, like two children. Mrs. Howell and her two sons lived between Cousin Julia's and Town. They were very fond of her, too. If she did not stop in passing, they often stopped her. Once, Mrs. Howell told her that the boys were trying to make her wear high-top shoes and she did not like them. So she cut the top of one of them off, and when they asked her if she was wearing the high-top shoes, she would put out the other foot. She said as soon as they forgot about it she could cut off the other top. I thought it was very funny. Cousin Julia told me that I must not tell it or she would not love me. That was my first secret, for I would not have her cease loving me for anything. I felt that she was always brave, and I was never afraid when with her. Once I thought that I had a joke on her. Uncle Jim Allums owned a mill about two miles from Cusseta, and Uncle Henry Gordy managed it for him several years. We often went down to the large pond to fish and picnic. On one trip, Cousin Julia and Lucy Raiford asked Uncle Henry to take them for a bateau ride on the mill pond. They said if I would not cry they would take me, too, but I must be very, very still. When we were away out on the pond we struck on a log, and Cousin Julia and Lucy both cried. Uncle Henry scolded them and said, "Why, Julia, Carrie is not crying; she is s brave as a soldier." Cousin Julia replied, "But, Henry, I am afraid of water." I thought that was such a good joke on her. But having such unlimited confidence in them, I expect, saved the day for Uncle Henry, because I did not cry. I often wish that I knew exactly how old I was when Cousin Julia was baptised, also Uncle Henry and others at the same time. I believe that Mr. Corley was the pastor then. He had them all to catch hands to go down into the water, and, of course, they went in slowly, but I thought it was just because Cousin Julia was afraid, and I laughed; therefore received quite a scolding from Mama. The last time I saw Cousin Julia, her mother (Aunt Mary) was very ill, and had been for several months. Cousin Julia took care of her mother and managed all the business, as well as doing all the house-work. I believe that the children were all married at that time except three. This must have been after she had been teaching several years. Every one gave her the highest praise for her good management and fine business qualities. She seemed to understand at once what was best for all. She was kind, considerate, faithfulj and devoted to her family and friends, trusting the Lord to lead her in the right way. HIGH SCHOOL EXERCISES AT CUSSETA (From an Old Scrap-Book) Cusseta, Ga., June 20. The Cusseta High School closed its spring term for 1895 on yesterday with a most interesting program, consisting of essays, recitations, and declamations by the pupils. Among the boys Mr. C. L. Davis and Hubert Howard deserve special mention for declamation, and among the girls Misses Pearl Gordy and Mary Saunders rendered the best recitations. Hon. Morgan McMichael of Columbus was invited to deliver the literary address, was taken sick a few days ago, and could not come, which was regretted by all. Prof. C. R. Jenkins and Miss Clyde Howard have been re-elected by the Board of Trustees to teach here another year. Last night at 8 o'clock Miss Sallie E. Brown's music class gave their annual concert, which was one of the best ever seen here. The crowd in attendance was very large, and showed their appreciation by frequent applause and many encores. A special feature of the concert was the rendition of Tennyson's "Dreams of Fair Women," with tableau scene at the close. Rev. C. R. Jenkins afterwards President of Wesleyan College, has been pastor of several of the best known churches of the South Georgia conference (M. E.) and is now at Wesley Memorial church, Savannah. Dr. Jenkins has become an outstanding figure in the educational and religious activities of Georgia, but nowhere has he exerted a more powerful and lasting influence than at Cusseta during the three years when he was beginning his career as an educator. ------------ The graduating class of Cusseta High School, 1933, composed of George Carter (honor), Hardy Gallops, Felton Johnson, William Grissom, Elizabeth Weems, Louise Holloman, Maude Smith, Eunice Pate, Emily Kemp and L/ucile Hale were carried to Washington, D. C., by Professor D. P. Jarrell, Supt. G. W. King and Mrs. C. R. MeHaffey, chaperon. These commencement exercises were ended by the presentation of their diplomas in the national capital. A sightseeing trip in Washington and nearby cities completed a memorable occason for this class. ------------------ The predominant idea of the day is consolidation—submerging the lesser into the greater—so the popular 'mind sees waste in the retention of small counties. While they remain separate political entities these counties of no considerable importance can justify their existence by furnishing to the world the kind of citizens it needs—those, nurtured close to nature's vast store houses and trained to meet the exigencies of life courageously. Since the greatest wealth of any place consists in the human material there to be utilized, if the educational institutions of these smaller counties are properly supervised, the most powerful citizens, who will direct the world's activities during the next half century are probably being prepared in these quiet places to assume their place upon life's stage. And since these counties have no great industries and natural wealth with which to propitiate the powers that work for their oblivion, they must intensify their educational efforts in order to gain that modicum of respect which will assure their immunity. For "It is the birthright of every child born under the American flag to receive such a training as will give him a market value in the world; such that, come what may, he will be able with head or hand to produce something the world wants or is willing to pay for. Such men are the kings of earth. They carry their sovereignty in a cunning hand a cultured brain, and need never bend the knee that thrift may follow fawning." Dr. C. N. Howard, Chattahoochee's able representative, has written much in defense of the small counties. Additional Comments: From: HISTORY OF CHATTAHOOCHEE COUNTY, GEORGIA By N. K. Rogers Dedicated to KASIHITA CHAPTER U. D. C. and all worthy descendants of the County's first settlers. Copyright 1933 by N. K. ROGERS PRINTED BY COLUMBUS OFFICE SUPPLY CO. COLUMBUS, GA. Transcriber's note: The original book contains many typographical errors. All spellings are as in the original book. 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