1880 Federal Census Coweta County, Georgia (Mortality: File 1 of 3) ************************************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwcensus.org/notices/ http://www.usgwcensus.org/ http://www.usgwcensus.org/cenfiles/ ************************************************************************** Abstracted by Lorraine H. Robinson from public records. Proofreader Needed. Submitted by Lorraine H. Robinson. Edited and formatted by Maggie Stewart, September 2010. ************************************************************************** All above information must remain when copied or downloaded. ************************************************************************** NOTE: For more information on Coweta County, Georgia, Please visit the Coweta County GAGenWeb page at http://www.usgenweb.org/ga/ ========================================================= ALSO visit the GAGenWeb archives at http://www.usgwarchives.net/ga/gafiles.htm ************************************************************************** --- Year: 1880 Mortality State: Georgia County: Coweta Reel No: T655-10 Division: (In the transcription) Enumerated by: (In the transcription) on May 31, 1880 Transcribed by Lorraine H. Robinson for the USGenWeb Archives. Copyright: 2010 ----- KEY TO COLUMNS: PG=PAGE LN=LINE FN=FAMILY NUMBER CO=COLOR SI=SINGLE MA=MARRIED WD=WIDOWED BIRTH PLACE=PLACE OF BIRTH FAPB=FATHER'S BIRTHPLACE MAPB=MOTHER'S BIRTHPLACE MONTH=MONTH OF DEATH CAUSE OF DEATH=DISEASE OR CAUSE OF DEATH RESIDENCY=AMOUNT OF TIME PERSON HAS LIVED HERE PLACE=PLACE OF DEATH PHYSICIAN=PHYSICIAN'S NAME ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= PG LN FN LAST NAME FIRST NAME AGE SEX CO SI MA WD BIRTH PLACE FAPB MAPB OCCUPATION MONTH CAUSE OF DEATH RESIDENCY PLACE PHYSICIAN DIVISION ENUMERATOR ED SD TRANSCRIBER'S REMARKS ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 1a Panther Creek Dist . . . . . . . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 written above line 1 on the form ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 1b 14 Leigh Moses 25 M B . X . Georgia Ga Ga farm laborer Sept congestion brain 25 . Smith, Columbus 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 enumerator used dashes to indicate dittoes 1 2 70 Cooly Mary A. 38 F W . . X Georgia Ga Ga farm laborer Sept womb disease 15 . Reese, J T 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 3 73 Mayfield Oscar 3 M B X . . Georgia Ga Ga . Feb whooping cough 3 . Moore, John 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 4 77 Smith hardy 73 M W . X . No Ca No Ca No Ca farmer May dysentery 29 . none 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 5 81 Tennant Samuel 3/12 M W X . . Ga Ga Ga . Mar lung congestion 3/12 . Moore, J T 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 6 95 Howard John 3/12 M W X . . Ga Ga Ga . Sept jaundice 3/12 . Moore, J T 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 7 98 Strickland Joe 3 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Aug dropsy bowels 3 . Moore, J T 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 8 98 Strickland Elijah 4 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Sept diarrhoea . . Moore, J T 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 9 98 Strickland Louisa 8/12 F B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Aug cholera infantum . . Moore, J T 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 10 103 Mitchell Harris 50 M W . X . Ga Ga Ga farm laborer Aug heart disease 8 . Moore, J T 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 11 120 McKinley Dolly 100 F B . . X Ga Ga Ga farm laborer May old age 50 . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 12 136 Thomas Wasington 66 M B . X . Ga Ga Ga farm laborer Mar Bright's disease 7 . Moore, Jno 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 13 149 Watson Tyry 2 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . May diarrhoea 1 . Moore, Jno 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 14 145 Brown Esther 25 F B X . . Ga Ga Ga farm laborer Dec child birth 2 . Moore, Jno 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 15 154 Perkins Kitt 65 M B . X . Ga Ga Ga farm laborer June heart disease 20 . Moore, Jno 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 16 Cedar Creek Dist. ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 17 blank line ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 18 211 Leigh William 1 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Apr heart disease . . Moore, Jno 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 19 230 Mimic William R. 36 M W . X . Ga Ga Ga farm laborer Jan pneumonia . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 20 261 Hill Governor 9 M B x . . Ga Ga Ga . Aug paralysis 9 . Smith, C 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 21 263 Duran Jerry 55 M B . X . Ga Ga Ga . Sept pneumonia 12 . Smith, C 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 22 278 Bridges Martha 9/12 F B X . . Ga Ga Ga . May asthma 9/12 . McGhee, L M 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 23 303 Sewell Lena M. 1 F W X . . Ga Ga Ga . July dysentery 1 . Starr, Jacob 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 24 303 Sewell Leda E. 5 F W X . . Ga Ga Ga . Mar croup 5 . Starr, Jacob 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 25 351 Hearn Pompey 70 M B . X . Ga Ga Ga farm laborer Feb tuberculosis 40 . McGhee, L M 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 26 354 Crockett Mary R. 68 F W . X . Ga Ga Ga . Feb tuberculosis 14 . Longins, Richard 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 27 264 Alexander Mary F. 2 F W X . . Ga Ga Ga . Mar bronchitis 2 . Longins, Richard 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 28 Additions from Physician's Returns ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 29 PR Belcher John 1 4/12 M W X . . Ga . . . Aug dysentery . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 30 PR Pinchard Cisey 18 F B . X . Ga . . housekeeper Sept child birth . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 31 PR Aderhold Lou 3 F W X . . Ga . . . Dec typhoid fever . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 32 PR Aderhold G. W. 28 M W . X . Ga . . mechanic Dec typhoid fever . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 33 PR Clark Lewis 10 1/12 M B X . . Ga . . farm hand Oct typhoid fever . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 34 PR Clark Geo. 28 M B X . . Ga . . farmer Oct typhoid fever . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 35 PR Sewell Mary F. 21 F W . X . Ga . . housekeeper Oct consumption . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 36 blank line ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 . Died inside, resides outside district 1 . line no. Town County State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . 1 . 4 Hurrycane Dist. Coweta Ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992d & 742d Districts Henry W. Verstille 37 4 . ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 Remarks: Have tried, but failed to see all the attendant Physicians. Think however the Diseases are all 1 Remarks: correctly stated. 1 Remarks: [signed] Henry W. Verstille, Enumerator ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= PG LN FN LAST NAME FIRST NAME AGE SEX CO SI MA WD BIRTH PLACE FAPB MAPB OCCUPATION MONTH CAUSE OF DEATH RESIDENCY PLACE PHYSICIAN DIVISION ENUMERATOR ED SD TRANSCRIBER'S REMARKS ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 1 19 Collins Floid 2 M W X . . Ga Ga Ga . Sept croup . . Dr McGee 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 2 73 Johnson Ida 6 F B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Oct fits . . . 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 3 108 Arnold Jim 2 M B S . . Ga Ga Ga . Nov whooping cough . . Dr Smith 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 4 126 Smith Sallie 14 F B X . . Ga Ga Ga farm hand Sept consumption . . Dr Smith 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 5 150 Farmer Mattie 2 F B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Aug whooping cough . . . 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 6 212 Stokes William 73 M W . X . Ga Va Va farmer July fits 51 . Dr Smith 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 7 213 Wilkenson Roy 6 M W X . . Ga Ga Ga . Nov paralysis 2 . Dr Neece 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 8 218 Berry Mary 70 F B . X . Va Va Va housekeeper Dec dropsy 50 . Dr Smith 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 9 247 North Joe 6/12 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Jan croup . . . 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 10 298 Watts Baxter 2 N W X . . Ga Ga Ga . May croup . . . 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 11 319 Hanes John 33 M W . X . Ga Ga Ga farmer Apr absorbent sys disease . . Dr Brown 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 12 342 Gay Clark 50 M B . X . Ga Ga Ga farm hand May dropsy . . Dr Williams 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 13 344 Gay William 5/12 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Aug from a fall . . Dr North 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 14 347 Bearch Mary 73 F W . . W Va Va SC . Nov liver complaint 35 . Dr North 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 15 3611 Sledd Mary 92 F W . . W SC Va Va . May old age 45 . Dr Page 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 16 414 Britton Fannie 36 F W . X . Ga SC Ga housekeeper May heart disease . . Dr North 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 17 467 Johnson Frank 2 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Mar croup . . . 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 18 474 Hardy George 25 M W . X . Ga Ga Ga minister Oct typhoid fever . . Dr Smith 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 19 481 Johnson Robert 8 M W X . . Ga Ga Ga . Jan typhoid fever . . Dr Smith 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . 1 20 484 Steed Egbert 1 M W X . . Ga Ga Ga . Jan diphtheria . . Dr Wage 746 & 645 Ellen B. Johnson 38 4 . ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 21 lines 21 - 36 blank ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= PG LN FN LAST NAME FIRST NAME AGE SEX CO SI MA WD BIRTH PLACE FAPB MAPB OCCUPATION MONTH CAUSE OF DEATH RESIDENCY PLACE PHYSICIAN DIVISION ENUMERATOR ED SD TRANSCRIBER'S REMARKS ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 1 5 Caigle Amanda 7/30 F W X . . Georgia Georgia Georgia . Oct congestion lungs 7/30 . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 2 5 Caigle Fannie B. 1 F W X . . Georgia Georgia Ga . Oct chronic diarrhoea 1 . B F Hodnette Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 3 9 Word Dennis 19 M B X . . Georgia Maryland Maryland laborer Dec consumption 8 . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 4 9 Word Easter 21 F B . X . Georgia Maryland Maryland . June liver complaint 21 . Dr Earnest Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 5 21 Mongumey Jon 30 M B . X . Georgia Georgia Georgia laborer Aug dysentery . . Dr B H Couch Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 6 25 Rucker Gideon 82 M W . X . Georgia Georgia Georgia laborer Aug hepatitis 28 . A C North Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 7 34 Bowman Sallie 100 F W . . X Virginia Virginia Virginia keeping house June rheumatism 1/12 . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 8 39 Couch infant blank M W X . . Georgia Georgia Georgia . Apr still born . . W B Couch Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 M. H. Couch infant 1 9 67 North Hattie 9/12 F B X . . Georgia Georgia Georgia . Aug congestion lungs . . A C North Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 10 67 Barnes Sallie 70 F B . X . Georgia Georgia Georgia keeping house June chronic erysipelas . . A C North Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 11 132 Atkinson Archie 84 M W . . X Georgia Virginia Virginia . Aug hemorrhage bowels 9 . Dr Sims Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 12 134 Heard Eva E. 59 F W X . . Georgia Georgia Georgia . Sept chronic hepatitis 9 . A C North Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 13 147 Bridges Thomas W. 50 M W . X . Georgia Georgia Georgia farmer Oct inflammation bladder 40 . A C North Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 14 170 Page Ester 82 F W . . X SCarolina SCarolina SCarolina . July hepatitis 28 . G H Page Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 15 171 Prater Mariah 50 F B . X . Georgia Georgia Ga . Nov pneumonia . . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 16 170 Page John 17 M B X . . Georgia Georgia Georgia work in farm July pneumonia . . G H Page Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 17 232 Level Charles 76 M W . X . SCarolina Virginia SC farmer Oct heart dropsy 44 . R W North Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 18 239 Summer Elijah 96 M W . . X SCarolina SC SC farmer May cancer 2 . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 19 280 Hunter Charles 21 M B X . . Georgia Ga Ga work in farm Apr typhoid fever 21 . G H Page Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 20 270 Clarke Benj. L. 38 M W . X . Georgia Georgia Georgia carpenter Dec heart disease 6 . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 21 271 Page John 2 M B X . . Georgia Georgia Georgia . Aug whooping cough 2 . D H Brown Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 22 274 Hubbard Ladinna 8/12 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Aug dentition . . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 crossed out 1 23 280 Hubbard O. Larry 2 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Sept croup . . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 crossed out 1 24 291 Freeman Susan 25/30 F B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Feb debility . . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 crossed out 1 25 298 Wood Jasper 10 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Aug dysentery 10 . W B Couch Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 26 402 Whited Lucinda 45 F B . X . Ga Ga Ga keeping house Oct childbirth . . A H Urquhart Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 27 418 Keith not named blank F W X . . Ga Ga Ga . Mar still born . . D H Brown Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 28 416 Hanes Robet E. 3 M W X . . Ga Ga Ga . June cholera infantum . . A H Urquhart Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 29 424 Harris Elizabeth 40 F W . X . Ga Ga Ga keeping house July child birth . . R W North Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 30 444 Hays William 12 M B X . . Ga Ga Ga work in farm June typhoid fever . . A H Urquhart Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 31 468 Lynch Rebecca 36 F W X . . Ga SC SC . May typhoid fever . . A H Urquhart Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 32 242 Huchinson Robert R. 1 M W X . . Ga Ga Ala . May dysentery 1 . J P Taylor Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 33 453 Addy Mattie O. 6 F W X . . Ga SC Ga . Dec meningitis . . J P Taylor Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 34 501 Smith Louise F. 47 F W . X . Ga Ga Ga keeping house Nov congestion stomach . . J P Taylor Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 35 507 Perkins Martha 82 F W . X . SC SC SC keeping house Aug heart disease . . J P Taylor Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 36 525 Wood Ehsen 39 F W . X . SC SC SC keeping house Mar child birth 25 . J P Taylor Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 1 37 540 Pyron Cornelia 2 F B X . . Ga Ga Ga . Aug measels . . none Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 1 Remarks: Deaths recorded in Columns 15,22,23, and 24, received no medical attention and 1 Remarks: consequently disease was not known. ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= PG LN FN LAST NAME FIRST NAME AGE SEX CO SI MA WD BIRTH PLACE FAPB MAPB OCCUPATION MONTH CAUSE OF DEATH RESIDENCY PLACE PHYSICIAN DIVISION ENUMERATOR ED SD TRANSCRIBER'S REMARKS ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 2 1 575 Smith Thomas 60 M B . X . Virginia Va Va farmer Oct pneumonia . . B F Hodnette Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 2 584 Franklin Millin 1 M B X . . Georgia Ga Ga . Mar whooping cough . . J P Taylor Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 3 592 Williams George F. 4/12 M W X . . Georgia Ga Ga . Jan brain fever . . J P Taylor Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 4 605 Kempson not named 9/12 F B X . . Georgia Ga Ga . May still born . . Caroline McCullgh Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 5 607 Smith not named 6/12 M W X . . Georgia Ga Ga . Apr still born . . N W Galls Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 6 616 Lynch E. E. 56 F W . X . Georgia Ga Ga keeping house Sept chronic hepatitis . . A C North Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 7 617 Chappell R. W. 5 M W X . . Georgia Ga Ga . Jan pneumonia . . B F Hodnette Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 8 621 Johnsie Lucie 2 F W X . . Georgia Ga Ga . Mar pneumonia . . B F Hodnette Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 2 9 blank line ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 2 10 blank Baggerly Marion 8/12 M W X . . Ga . . . Feb congestion . . . Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 2 11 blank line ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 2 12 Additions from Physician's Returns ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 2 13 PR Key blank 6/12 F W X . . Ga . . . Sept pneumonia . . . Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 14 PR Hunter blank 9 M B X . . Ga . . . Jan pneumonia . . . Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 15 PR Hunter blank 3 F B X . . Ga . . . Mar typhoid fever . . . Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 16 PR Freemon blank 2 M B X . . Ga . . . Sept pleurisy . . . Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . 2 17 PR Bendenbough Levi 67 M W . X . Ga . . minister Dec Bright's disease kidneys . . . Senoia or 691st Dist GM W. F. Sibley 39 4 . ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= 2 18 lines 18 - 36 blank =======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================