FRANKLIN COUNTY, GA - BIOS Richard Gulley Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm This file was contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by: TinaDesi@aol.com Desi W. Gulley Georgia Table of Contents: http://www.usgwarchives.net/ga/gafiles.htm THE LIFE AND TIMES OF RICHARD GULLEY, REVOLUTIONARY WAR SOLDIER BY: DESI W. GULLEY 11/20/1998 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Like all genealogists, I have had many other genealogists share information, and leads on information, which has made its way into this paper. But two researchers, which I must mention by name, are Netta Satterfield of Mojave, Ca. and Wayne Gulley of LaGrange, In. These two have shared much of what they had already gleaned about Richard. Also, they provided leads that, upon follow-up, produced new information (at least new to me) which made this article more complete. EARLY YEARS Richard Gulley was born on October 29, 1756. The birth date can be deduced from a Revolutionary War pension application document signed on March 27, 1821 in Pendleton District Court, South Carolina. In this document, Richard states he was "...aged sixty four years the twenty ninth day of October last...". (National Archives and Records Administration, 7th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C.) His parents were Thomas and Mary Gulley of Orange County, Virginia. We know Thomas (II) and Enoch were two of his brothers. This information is gleaned from a document signed by Thomas (II) Gulley in Greenbriar County, (then) Virginia (now West Virginia) in which he names Richard and Enoch of Orange County, Virginia as his brothers. He also names Thomas Gulley of Orange County, Virginia as their father. This document was dated October 25, 1783. We also learn in this document that the father, Thomas had already died before this date. This document is a deed giving part of the father's plantation in Orange County to Richard and Enoch to be divided equally. The deed was entered into the Orange County court records on March 25, 1784 and again on September 26, 1791. (Orange County Deed Book 20, page 38). Other researchers assert that John W. Gulley, James Gulley, and William Gulley were also brothers, but I have no direct proof of these facts. Not much is known about Richard's early years except what can be deduced from court records of his father, Thomas. We know that Thomas was granted a land patent for 400 acres "...in the county of Orange on the branches of Stoney Bridge River..." on March 26, 1739. (Virginia Land Patents, Virginia State Archives, Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia). This land was still in the possession of Thomas (II) on October 24, 1783 and was sold to John Gulley of Culpepper County, Virginia and recorded in Orange County court on March 25, 1784 and again on September 26, 1791. (Orange County Deed Book 20, pages 36-38). This suggests some connection between Thomas (II) and John Gulley. It is very likely that this land was where Richard and his siblings were born and raised. On August 22, 1771, Thomas and Mary Gulley purchased 95 acres of land from John and Elizabeth Woods in Orange County. (Orange County Deed Book 15, pages 380-382). This is the same land cited above, given to Richard and Enoch after their father's death. Perhaps Richard moved to this land when he was fourteen years old. We cannot be sure, because the 400 acres on Stoney Bridge River was still in possession of Richard's father, Thomas, until after his death, when it was sold to John Gulley. It is interesting to note that Thomas (Sr.), Thomas (II), and Enoch were all apparently literate at least to the point of signing their names. However, Richard missed out on this luxury of life. In all legal documents, Richard always marked the document with his "X". As will become evident later in Richard's life, he never did as well financially as his two brothers. This perhaps could be a result of his education level. REVOLUTIONARY WAR YEARS Richard enlisted as a private in Captain William Barrett's company attached to Colonel George Baylor's regiment of the Virginia Colonial line. Baylor's Regiment was officially known as the 3rd Continental Light Dragoon Regiment. Dragoons, in today's language, would more properly be called cavalry. The 3rd Continental Light Dragoon Regiment was authorized by Congress on January 1, 1777 and assigned to the Main Army. It was relieved on November 5, 1778 and assigned to the Middle Department. Again, relieved on May 7, 1779, it was assigned to the Southern Department. Reorganized on January 1, 1781, it was renamed 3rd Legionary Corps. On November 2, 1782, it was combined with, and thereafter called, the 1st Legionary Corps. Richard's war service and pension record (No. S.38781) can be found in the National Archives and Records Administration, 7th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. All of his wartime data has been gleaned from these files. In a sworn statement in Elbert County, Georgia, dated October 19, 1819, Richard told his war experiences in an application for a federal pension based on his war service. (National Archives and Records Administration, 7th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C.) Richard says that he enlisted in March 1778 and served about two years. History proves that Colonel Baylor was at Valley Forge on March 7, 1778 and on that date was ordered back to Virginia to recruit more men. Richard states further that he served in "Toppann (Tappan) in the state of New York & ... storming Stoney Point...". Richard did not mention a very interesting piece of history that occurred on September 28, 1778 involving Baylor's Regiment. The event has become known as "Baylor's Massacre". An excellent account can be found in The Bergen County History. The dates suggest that Richard must have been present. On that night, the 3rd Continental was quartered in six dairy barns on the south bank of the Hackensac River. At 3:00 a.m. British Major General Grey, on information gained by Tories, ordered his troops to use only bayonets, surround the barns, and attack the 3rd Dragoons. Of the 104 privates in the Regiment, 11 were killed outright, 17 were wounded (4 of whom later died), and 33 (8 of whom were wounded) were taken prisoner. On the morning of September 28, Colonel Woodford of the Virginia 3rd Regiment met the survivors that he estimated at about fifty men and more than 100 horses on the road to Peekskill on the north bank of the Hudson River. (Conner, Edward: "A Report of Men and Horses in the 3rd Regt. of L.D." Sept. 26, 1778 (G.W. Papers)). Colonel William Washington (nephew of George) commanded this regiment after this point in time since George Baylor was wounded and captured by the British. I have personally visited the site of Baylor's Massacre near Tappan, New York, but on the south bank of the Hackensac River, thus, in Bergen County, New Jersey. There is a small park there with several soldiers' graves marked and a large mill stone, said to have been a grave cover for some of the American bodies dumped into tanning vats located near the dairy barns on the old Herring farm. Continuing with Richard's sworn statement, after being transferred to the Southern Department (May 1779), he says he was "taken prisoner by the enemy commanded by Colonel Tarlton at Lewis' Ferry (sic) on the Santee River in the state of South Carolina near George Town." He was carried to Charleston (Charleston fell on May 12, 1780) where he remained a prisoner of war for about one year before he and other prisoners "affected their escape by taking a brigg (sic) lying in Charleston harbor". Richard reached his home in Virginia in July 1781. General George Washington accepted unconditional surrender from General Cornwallis at Georgetown on October 19, 1781. POST-WAR YEARS IN VIRGINIA Richard apparently settled back near his home of Orange County, Virginia. On April 8, 1782 he married Mary Terry. (Culpepper County, Virginia Marriage Book 1, page 79). George Eve, a Baptist minister, married them. What we know about Mary has been learned from a Virginia Land Office Treasury warrant number 2649 issued on January 26, 1799. This warrant led to a land survey and ultimately a land grand issued on May 14, 1811. (Virginia Northern Neck Land Grants, Vol. IV 1800-1862 Land Grant A2-409 to 411). This land grant was for 100 acres on the Rapidan Road in Madison County, Virginia. (Madison County was carved out of Culpepper County in 1792.) The grant was issued to Thomas Terry, Mary's father, who had died after the land was surveyed, but before the deed was recorded. The survey was dated October 11, 1803. In the grant was documented the fact that Thomas Terry had departed this life; therefore, the land was descended to his heirs. One heir listed was "Richard Gulley, who intermarried with Mary Terry, a daughter and co-heir of the said Thomas Terry deceased". Richard inherited one eighth of the land. The warrant states further, "he, the said Richard Gulley having had issue, born alive, by the said Mary, and the said Mary having since departed this life, and at the death of the said Richard Gulley, the said undivided eighth part to Mary Gulley, the daughter, sole heiress, and only issue of the said Mary; whose maiden name was Mary Terry...". The document goes on to list Mary Terry's siblings as Nancy Kelley, Joseph, John, Sally, James, William, and Lucy. The grant also names Sally Terry as the wife of Thomas Terry, and therefore, the mother of Mary Terry Gulley. The grant was dated May 14, 1811. A few very important facts documented here are that Richard's wife Mary Terry had deceased and that they had only one child, Mary Gulley, before Mary Terry Gulley died. Most researchers believe this child, Mary Gulley, is the same Mary Gulley who married Timothy Moore on August 11, 1796, recorded in Culpepper County, Virginia. If this were true, Mary would have been only 13 years old, at best, when she married. This is possible. Although it is not wise to argue with historical documents, I firmly believe Richard and Mary Terry had other children besides Mary. I believe that these other children did not live in Virginia in 1811 when the above document was prepared, and therefore, were omitted from the document. I will save this argument for later in this paper. I also fully acknowledge that I stand on very poor ground (in light of the above grant) from which to build my argument. In October 1782, Thomas Barbour took a census of Orange County, Virginia. Richard and his family do not appear in this census. However, Enoch Gulley is listed with five white members in his household. (Since Enoch and his wife Frankie Franklin were married on December 26, 1781, it is highly unlikely that his family was this large; they might have had one child by this time since their marriage.) I question whether Richard and Mary lived in the same household with Enoch at this time; leading to five members being listed in the household? By 1785, when a new tax list of Orange County was compiled by William Bell, Enoch was listed with four members in his family, one dwelling, one horse, and four cattle. Richard is listed with four in his family, no dwelling, two horses, and no cattle. The four likely would have included Richard, his wife Mary, their daughter Mary, and one other. Thus, I begin to build my case that Richard and Mary may have had two dependents at this point in time. I assume Mary Terry Gulley died sometime before April 26, 1786. On this date, in Albemarle County, Virginia, Richard married his second wife, Elizabeth Ballard. (Albemarle County, Virginia Marriage Book Containing un-numbered pages for 1786.) Elizabeth was the daughter of Philip Ballard. On August 11, 1786 Richard applied for a land warrant for his Revolutionary War service. The warrant application was signed (?) by William Barrett and addressed to the Register of Land Office in the state of Virginia. On another note dated March 29 (I assume in the year 1787) it was requested that the warrant be delivered to Zachariah Lucas at the land office. This document is recorded in Richard's war and pension records, National Archives, Washington, D.C. In Revolutionary War Records, Vol. 1, Virginia, by Gaius Marcus Brumbaugh, page 437, Richard Gulley's warrant is given the number 4302. A copy of this warrant can be found in the Virginia Military Warrant Register. It grants Richard 100 acres of land in consideration for his service for three years as a soldier in the Virginia Continental Line. In 1787, Richard Gulley is still shown in the Orange County personal property Tax List "B" with two horses and no cattle. The date of the tax list is given as May 29, 1787. The order of households visited and dates of visits indicate that Richard and Enoch were still neighbors. Apparently Richard and Elizabeth remained close to, or in the same location where Richard and Mary had lived. Other neighbors were George Tillory and Jeremiah Smith. Richard is also shown in the 1790 census of Orange County. This data is the last Virginia documents where Richard was actually verified as being in Virginia. MOVE TO ELBERT COUNTY, GEORGIA The first documentation I have found of Richard in Elbert County, Georgia is his entry into the Second Georgia State Land Lottery of 1806. He was granted two draws in Captain George Roebuck's district of Elbert County. Unfortunately, neither draw was a successful draw for securing land. In 1802, Enoch Gulley purchased 200 acres of land on Pickens Creek in Elbert County, Georgia. (Elbert County Deed Book J, page 103). Enoch sold this land in 1805 (Book J, page 162). Enoch Gulley entered the First Georgia State Land Lottery of 1805 with two unsuccessful draws. His registration serial number was 280. His county of residence was listed as Elbert County. This indicates to me that both Richard and Enoch moved to Georgia at the same time, or about the same time. John Gulley (b. 1737 in Orange County, Virginia) moved to Pendleton County, South Carolina in 1794. This information is contained in his war records and Pension file. This county is just across the Savannah River from Elbert County, Georgia. Perhaps this establishes the date when all three brothers moved to this new location from Virginia. John Gulley indicated that he moved on to Kentucky nine years later (1803) and subsequently to Tennessee. (National Archives and Records Administration, 7th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C.). On February 19, 1817, Richard sold 253 acres along the Savannah River in Elbert County to Reuben Haley. (Deed Book U, page 9). I have searched both Elbert County records and parent Wilkes County records, but can find no records of how or when Richard came into possession of this land. On October 19, 1819, Richard applied in open court in the county of Elbert for a federal pension for his service in the Revolutionary War. (National Archives and Records Administration, 7th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C.) His residence was listed as Elbert County, Georgia. He was issued a Certificate of Pension No. 15925 on November 29, 1819 and granted a pension in the amount of $8.00 per month and paid in arrears back to October 19, 1819. Richard Gulley was shown as a winner in the Third Georgia State Land Lottery of 1820. He was listed as a resident of Elbert County. His registration serial number was 294. Actually, there is evidence that a winning draw was also awarded to Richard's son, Thomas in the 1820 land lottery. Richard won his land in Irwin County, Georgia and it was subsequently granted on August 13, 1838. I have not searched the records of Irwin County to ascertain if Richard ever claimed this land. In the 1820 Census for Pendleton District, State of South Carolina, we find Richard Gulley listed as residing in this district. Richard's age (I assume the elder male listed in the census is Richard) was given as over 45. Richard would have been 64 years old in October of 1820. Elizabeth's age (same assumption) was given as over 45. One male was listed as 10 - 16 years of age. Some researchers believe this to be his son Thomas, but I am not as sure because it is not consistent with other information about Thomas. One female was listed as 10 - 16 years old. Most researchers agree this was probably his daughter, Elizabeth. This would be consistent with her birthdate being about 1808 and her marriage (at the age of about 16) in 1824 to Eli Snow in Elbert County, Ga. By March 20, 1821, Richard had signed a request in Pendleton District Court to have his pension moved to Pendleton District. In this document, the pension certificate no. 15925 was referenced. Richard listed his belongings, and appeared to be very poor indeed. His total worth was estimated as $77.25. It is humbling to read the list of items that Richard thought worthy of listing as his assets! This document goes on to list as living with Richard, his wife Elizabeth, about 55 years of age. This would establish Elizabeth Ballard's birth year at about 1766. A son, Thomas, was named and his age given as about twenty-five. This age is not consistent with the assumption discussed above concerning the 1820 Pendleton District Census. It is also not consistent with other data contained in Census information which I will discuss later. Lastly, a daughter, Elizabeth, aged thirteen was also listed. This would establish her birth year at about 1808. (National Archives and Records Administration, 7th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C.) Apparently Richard lived in South Carolina until about March 7, 1828. On this date, he applied in Elbert County, Georgia to have his pension moved back to the state of Georgia and paid there. A significant fact mentioned in this document was that he had been living on the "small farm of David Stinson a relation by family marriage...". This arrangement had come to an end, and Richard "had an opportunity of getting a situation in Georgia, Elbert County upon reasonable terms...". (National Archives and Records Administration, 7th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C.) Richard was listed in the 1830 Federal Census of Elbert County, Georgia. He was shown between 70 and 80 years old. This was consistent with his age being 74. Elizabeth was shown between 60 and 70 years old. This was also consistent with her age being 64. A "mystery" household member was shown as a female child under the age of 5 living with the two. On February 28, 1834 Richard sold to William White 105 acres of land on Pickens Creek in Elbert County, Georgia. The sale price was $155.46. Apparently, Richard was doing better financially by this point in time. Richard was listed on the "List of Pensioners for Revolutionary or Military Services still living in Elbert County, Georgia as of June 1, 1840". (History of Elbert Co., Ga. 1790 - 1935 McIntosh, John H. Cherokee Pub. Co. Atlanta Ga. 1968, page 133). His age was given as 85. On this date he should have been 83. He was shown as living in the household of William Robertson. No mention was made of his wife, Elizabeth. I can find no further reference to Richard after this date. There was a note entered on his pension certificate referencing a letter to the Pension Agent dated December 25, 1840. I have located no such letter, but I can only assume what the content might have been. RICHARD GULLEY FAMILY CEMETERY Listed in Early Cemeteries and Gravestones of Elbert County, Georgia 1708 - 1919 compiled by the Elbert County Historical Society, is a reference to the Richard Gulley Family Cemetery where Richard and Mrs. Richard Gulley are buried. It is referenced by "NLS" which means "No Lettered Stone" on the graves. A map is included showing the location of the cemetery. On October 14, 1994, I visited the site, but could not find any indication of the cemetery. I discussed with a local resident, Mrs. Nona Richardson (b. 1917) the graveyard. Her father, Mr. Ira Thomasson, owned the land upon which the graveyard sat when she was a child. She remembered the graveyard and dated that memory at about 1925. She recalled that by 1936 any traces of the graveyard were gone. She recalled many graves being on the site and not just a few graves, as some family plots seem to contain. Mrs. Richardson did not recall ever being told which family was buried in the cemetery. I have been in touch by letter and telephone with Mr. J. W. (Bill) Hyde, President of the Elbert County Historical Society, who sent me a copy of his field notes showing the exact directions to the cemetery. This location agrees exactly with Mrs. Richardson's memory of the location. Mr. Adlai Stowers, whom, I was informed by Mr. Hyde, had deceased, signed the field notes. I am at a loss as to how to further substantiate the cemetery's location. CHILDREN Mary Gulley. I have already discussed Mary Gulley, daughter of Richard and Mary Terry. Mary Gulley married Timothy Moore on August 11, 1796 in Culpepper County, Virginia. William Mason, a minister, married them. (Culpepper Marriage Book 3, page 191). Elizabeth Gulley. Elizabeth Gulley has also been discussed. Elizabeth married Eli Snow on January 22, 1824 in Elbert County, Georgia. (Marriage Book L16, page 490). This was while Richard was living in Pendleton District, S.C., but after the Census of 1820. Thomas Gulley. Richard's son, Thomas has records which are somewhat confusing. Richard's request for pension transfer would place Thomas' birthyear about 1796. As mentioned above, some researchers think the 1820 S.C. census refers to Thomas. This would require him to have been born between 1804 and 1810. Thomas' first appearance in the Census was in the Elbert County, Ga. Census of 1830. His age was listed between 40 and 50. This would require his birthdate to have been between 1780 and 1790. His wife (Susannah, name not given) was between 20 and 30. I have found no marriage records for Thomas and Susannah. One son was under 5 (George, name not given). One son was between 10 and 15. One daughter was under 5 (Betsy, name not given). By the 1850 Census, Thomas was listed in the Clark County, Georgia Census. His age was given as 65. This would place his birthyear about 1785. The place of birth was listed as Ga., but this was most probably an oversight, since there were no Gulleys known to be in Georgia in 1785. At any rate, Thomas' wife Susannah was shown as 52 years old (b. abt. 1798). Susannah was shown in this census as being from N.C. Sally Reed, age 107 (b. abt. 1743) was also shown living with Thomas and Susannah. Could she have been Susannah's mother or grandmother? Children were: Betsy (b. abt. 1828), George (b. abt. 1829), Charity (b. abt. 1835), Sarah (b. abt. 1831), and Minerva (b. abt. 1836). This all agreed with the 1830 Elbert County Census. The "preponderance of evidence" suggests that Thomas was probably born in the late 1780s and was probably a son of Richard and Elizabeth Ballard Gulley. These three children are all that I have documented as being born to Richard Gulley. However, there is compelling evidence for other Gulley's belonging to Richard. CONJECTURE Valentine Gulley. Valentine first made an appearance in the 1820 Census of Elbert County, Georgia. I could not glean any information from this census because of the poor print quality. Valentine Gulley of Elbert Co. won land in the 1820 Georgia land lottery in Appling Co., Ga. Valentine and his family appeared in the 1830 Census of Elbert County. He was shown between 30 and 40. His wife (Elizabeth P. King, name not given) was shown between 20 and 30. Valentine Gulley and Elizabeth P. King were married in Elbert County on January 8, 1818. (Marriage Book L16, page 193.) One son was less than 5 (Jasper P., name not given). One male was shown between 20 and 30. This was most likely Ezra Paulett who lived with Valentine. One daughter was shown less than 5 (Harriet, name not given). One daughter was between 5 and 10. One daughter was between 10 and 15. By the 1850 Census, Valentine was living in Franklin County, Georgia. He was shown as 58 years old (b. abt. 1792) and born in Virginia. If Valentine were a son of Richard, this birthyear would make Elizabeth Ballard his mother. In the 1850 Franklin census, Elizabeth, Valentine's wife, was shown as 49 (b. abt. 1801) and born in Georgia. Harriet was 24 (b. abt. 1826). Jasper P. was 22 (b. abt. 1828). John W. was 18 (b. abt. 1832). Jane was 15 (b. abt. 1835). Asbury was 12 (b. abt. 1838). William F. was 7 (b. abt. 1843). Also shown living in the household was Ezra Paulett. Valentine, Jasper P., and Ezra were all listed as farmers. Richard Gulley (age 25, b. abt. 1825) and his wife Nancy (age 24, b. abt. 1826) were also shown in the Franklin County Census, with a son named Valen (age 2, b. 1848). This Richard was probably Valentine's son. John Gulley. John Gulley was listed in the Elbert County 1820 Census. No real information has been gleaned. John Gulley of Elbert Co., Georgia was awarded land in the 1820 Georgia land lottery. The land was located in Early Co., Georgia. In 1830, he was in the Elbert County Census aged between 40 and 50. His wife was aged between 30 and 40. John Gulley married Mary Ann Decker in Elbert County on July 29, 1813. (Marriage Book K12, page 162.) It is interesting to note that the land Richard Gulley sold in 1817 to Reuben Haley was bordered on one side by Allen R. Decker. If John were Richard's son, The Deckers would have owned the property next door. I have not searched to find if Mary Ann's father was Allen R. Decker. John and Mary Ann were shown again in the 1870 Elbert Census with John S. Gulley, age 19 (b. abt. 1851) and George F. Gulley age 11 (b. abt. 1859) in the household with them. John was listed as 88 (b. abt. 1782) and born in Virginia. If John were actually Richard's son, this birthyear would make Mary Terry Gulley his mother. This would make the Orange County, Virginia tax list of 1787, mentioned above, begin to make sense. However, it would make the will of Thomas Terry discussed above, in error concerning Mary being an only child of Richard and Mary Terry Gulley. In this 1870 Elbert Census, Mary Ann, John's wife, was listed as 76 (b. abt. 1794). John's obituary was published in the Hartwell Sun, a Hart County, Georgia newspaper on March 17, 1883. He was a resident of Elbert County and listed as 105 years old. This would have placed his birthyear in 1778. Most other evidence points toward John's birthyear actually being about 1782. Nancy Gulley. Nancy Gulley married Samuel Stincon in Elbert County, Georgia on September 24, 1815. (Marriage Book K12, page 310). It is noteworthy that this date is three years before Richard moved to Pendleton District S.C. to live on a "small farm of David Stinson a relation by family marriage...". William Gulley. William Gulley married Frankie P. Taylor on October 26, 1815. (Marriage Book K12, page 243). I am especially interested in this family because I can positively document my ancestry back to this William Gulley and his wife Frances. William Gulley was included in the 1820 Elbert County Census. No information is forthcoming from this census. William Gulley of Elbert County, Ga. was awarded land in the 1820 Georgia land lottery. The land was located in Early Co., Ga. I have not searched the land records to ascertain whether William ever actually claimed this land. In the 1830 Elbert County Census, William's household was listed right next to Richard Gulley's household. William was shown between 40 and 50. His wife was shown between 20 and 30. Children include two sons between 5 and 10, two daughters under 5, one daughter between 5 and 10, and one daughter between 10 and 15. William Gulley of Elbert County, Ga. was awarded land in the 1832 Gold Land Lottery of Georgia. The 1850 Elbert County Census showed William as 67 years old. This would require him to have been born about 1783. He was shown as born in Ga., but I believe this was an oversight, as no Gulleys were documented in Georgia in 1783. Frances was shown as 49 years old and born in Ga. This would place her birthyear about 1801. Children listed were: 1) M.C. Gulley (female, 24 years old, birth about 1826) 2) F. Gulley (female, 22 years old, birth about 1828) 3) F.L. Gulley (female, 20 years old, birth about 1830) 4) T.A. Gulley ( female, 18 years old, birth about 1832) 5) U.C. Gulley (female, 16 years old, birth about 1834) 6) J.M. Gulley (male, 14 years old, birth about 1836) 7) G. Gulley (female, 10 years old, birth about 1840) 8) R.P. Gulley (male, 6 years old, birth about 1844). This last son, Robert Phearson Gulley was my direct ancestor. Adding in the children from the 1820 census who do not appear in the 1850 census (presumed to be old enough to have left home before 1850), I surmise there are two missing sons and two missing daughters in the 1850 Census. This leads to a conclusion that William and Frankie had a total of 12 children. In the 1860 Elbert Census, William was shown as 77 (b. abt. 1783) and born (this time) in Virginia. If William were a son of Richard, this birthyear would require that his mother was Mary Terry Gulley. Again, this could explain the Orange County, Virginia 1787 tax list where four members show up in Richard's household, but is refuted by the Thomas Terry will. In the 1860 Elbert census, William's occupation was shown as farming. Frances was shown as 54 (b. abt. 1806) and born (this time) in Virginia. They still had their two youngest children at home. By the 1870 Census, Frances was shown living alone. I assume this means that William died between 1860 and 1870. Frances claimed in this census to be 63 years old (b. abt. 1807). CONCLUSION Richard Gulley had a long and prosperous life. He never learned to write, and this may have contributed to his lot in life being harder, and poorer than it otherwise might have been. He moved his family to the "frontier" of Georgia and successfully raised them there. He had the satisfaction of serving his country and helping it gain its' independence. He left at least three children, and probably much more to carry on the Gulley name, in Georgia and across the new western frontier we now call The United States of America.