Statewide County HI Archives News.....Hawai'ian Chronology and the United States - Part 7. June 25, 2008 ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/hi/hifiles.htm ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Darlene E. Kelley http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00026.html#0006374 July 10, 2008, 8:40 pm Keepers Of The Culture, A Study In Time Of The Hawaiian Islands June 25, 2008 Contributed for use in USGenWeb Archive by Darlene E. Kelley http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00026.html#0006374 June 25, 2008 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Historical Collections of Hawai'i Keepers of the Culture A Study in Time, of the Hawai'ian Islands Hawai'ian Chronology and the United States - Part 7. by Darlene E. Kelley ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Part 7, Hawai'ian Chronology andthe United States. ++ 1861 -- The American Civil War boosts demand for sugar at higher prices, creating a boom in the Hawai'ian sugar business. The Pioneer Mill Company at Lahaina founded by JAMES CAMPBELL. The invention of a vacuum pan enables boiling of sugar at lower tempertures and without scorching. March 8,-- The first operatic performance in Honolulu is given at the Royal Hawai'ian Theatre by a local amateur group. July 4,-- WALTER MURRAY GIBSON arrives in the Islands-- who later plays a leading role under King KALAKAUA. First wagon descends the Pali road on the windward side; the first ascending trip from the windward side does not occur until two years later. Lady JANE FRANKLIN and SOPHIA CRACROFT-- wife and niece of the re- knowned arctic explorer SIR JOHN FRANKLIN -- visits the Islands. KAMEHAMEHA IV proclaims Hawai'i neutral at the start of the American Civil War. $761.000 worh of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $587,000. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, the longest running and most influential of the Hawai'ian language newspapers, begins publication. Founded by LUTHER HALSEY GULICK. It continues publication until 1827. ++ 1862 -- PRINCE ALBERT, son of KAMEHAMEHA IV and QUEEN EMMA, dies August 27. THOMAS N. STALEY, Episcopal Bishop of Hawai'i, arrives from England too late to baptize him. Island of Palmyra becomes a dependency of the Hawai'ian Kingdom after CAPTAIN Z. BENT takes control of the island in the name of KAMEHAMEHA IV. Lahainaluna Seminary destroyed by fire. Hawai'ian legislature votes to establish an insane asylum; the new asylum opens four years later at Kapalama. PAUL ISENBERG becomes manager of Lihue Plantation on Kaua'i. The Islands export 3.005,603 pounds of sugar and 130,445 gallons of Molasses. $998.000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $785,000. Reformed Catholic Church Mission arrives in Hawai'i. First professional operatic performance given at the Royal Hawai'ian Theatre by a troupe en route from Sydney to San Francisco. ++ 1863.-- The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Boston withdraws from the field and leaves it to the Hawai'ian Evangelical Association. Hawai'i is declared a home Mission. The American Board is now autonomous. The firm of C. BREWER & CO, becomes first Sugar plantation agent. This is the beginning of the factor system that enables BREWER to become one of the " Big Five." A Court Action challenges Hawai'ian law prohibiting anyone from providing alcoholic beverages to Hawai'ians; the supreme Court rules in favor of theGovernment. KAMEHAMEHA IV dies and is succeeded by his elder brother LOT, KAMEHAMEHA V., on November 30. Frenchman CHARLES-VICTOR CROSNIER de VARIGNY appointed minister of Finance by KAMAHAMEHA V. He takes an active part in drafting the Constitution of 1864 and later serves as foreign affairs minister. KAMEHAMEHA V appoints JOHN OWEN DOMINIS, husband to future Queen LILI'UOKALANI, governor to O'ahu. DAVID KALAKAUA, future King of Hawai'i marries KAPI'OLANI. KAMEHAMEHA V renames Hale Alli'i, his official residence, " Iolani Palace to honor KAMEHAMEHA IV who was also known as " Iolani " ( bird of heaven .) Hawai'ian Kingdom expeditures total $666,061; revenues total $688,687. $1,175,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $ 960,000. Island Cotton first exported. Ke Kaao o Laieikawai by S.N. HALEOLE is the first work of fiction written and published by a Hawai'ian. ++ 1864.-- KAMEHAMEHA V sells island of Ni'ihau to the SINCLAIR-ROBINSON family for $10,000. Royal Mausoleum in Nu'uanu completed. High Chief L.HAALELEA dies. E.A. ALLEN dispacted to Washington as Minister Plenipotentiary. The Islands export 10,414,441 pounds of sugar and 340,436 gallons of Molasses. $1,712,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; export totals $1,519,000 worth of goods. August 20-- The King promulgates a new Constitution of 1864 to strengthen his royal powers. HENRY B. AUHINCLOSS publishes five Articles in Hunts Merchants Magazine. In an article on Kilauea, he describes the trek from Hilo, volcanic action and details of the vegetation, particularly tree ferns and the use made of pulu harvested from ferns. His article on sugar describes oil conditions on Hawai'i and Maui ( at JAMES MAKEE'S plantation ) and comments on labor performed by immigrant Chinese and Native Hawai'ians. U.S. -- The Bessemer steel industry is established at Wyandotte, Mchigan, mainly to meet growing demand for railroad rails. ++ 1865-- Reorganization of the Board of Education results in a Bureau of Public Instruction. The first inspector general of schools is ABRAHAM FORNANDER. The Industrial and Reformatory School is Hawai'i's first institution for Juvenile offenders. R.C. WYLLIE, Mnister of Foreign Relations, dies at age 67. Queen EMMA departs on a visit to Europe and the United States. Ejected from their stronghold on Lana'i. the Morman community gathers at La'le, O'ahu. Small number of Marquesan immigrants arrive. Wives of Chinese laborers arrive in Hawai'i for the first time aboard the Roscoe. Some earler male Chinese arrivals married Hawai'ian womn. First inn building erected at the edge of Kilauea Crater, later the site of the Volcano House managed by GEORGE LYCURGUS. Last Wheat flour exported from the islands. The Islands export 15,318,097 pounds of sugar and 542,819 gallons of molasses. $1,946,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $ 1,717,000. DR.HILLEBRAND brings the common mynah bird from India to combat the army worms ravaging Island pasture lands. He also introduces the spotted munia, or ricebird. U.S. -- April - ROBERT E. LEE surrenders to ULYSSES S. GRANT, ending Civil War. President ABRAHAM LINCOLN is fatally shot at Ford's Theatre by JOHN WILKES BOOTH and ANDREW JOHNSON is sworn in as his successor/ Johnson being the 17th President (b. 1865 to d. 1875 ). Thirteenth Amendment ends slavery. ++ 1866 -- Princess VICTORIA KAMAMALU dies at age 27. J. DUDOIT, former French Consul, is murdered. Queen EMMA returns from her trip to Europe and the United States. January 6 -- The first patients arrive on the peninsula on Kalawao, Molokai, set up for the isolation of victims of the imported disease of Leprosy. By 1873, some eight hundred patients are settled at the colony. FATHER DAMIEN is sent there in that year at his request, and dies there of the disease in 1889. DR.FERDINAND WILLIAM HUTCHINSON, President of the Borad of Health, publishes a report on actions taken to prevent the spread of Leprosy, including purchase of land for erecting hospitals in Palolo Valley, O'ahu, and at Makanalua on Moloka'i. First patients moved to the new insane asylum at Kapalama. March 18 -- SAMUEL L.CLEMENS ( Mark Twain ), roving correspondant for a Calfornia newspaper, arrives in the islands to prepare a series of travel letters. Watching surfers he notes, " It did not seem that a lightening express train could shoot along at a more hair-lifting speed." Articles on Hawai'iana begin appearing in the newspaper Kukoa. Islands export their peak cotton crop; 22,289 pounds. The Islands export 17,729,161 pounds of sugar and 851,795 gallons of molasses. $1,994,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $1,855,000. Steamer Ajax arrives from California to inaugurate monthly steam service. September 4 -- The first daily newspaper begins publication in the Islands, called Hawai'ian Herald. ++ 1867 -- The Cornerstone of the Cathederal of the English Church is laid. St.Andrews Priory for Girls founded by the Anglican Church. G.M. ROBERTSON, first Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, dies at age 47. Hawai'i and the United States sign a trade agreement to faciliate the import of sugar to the United States. Negotiated by American minister E.M. McCook and Hawai'ian minister of Finance C.C. Harris, ratification by the Senate in Washington is delayed until 1870 by oppsition of the mainland sugar lobby. SANFORD B. DOLE, future president of the Republic of Hawai'i, returns to the Islands after finishing law school and starts private law practice. PECK v. BAILEY, the first legal case dealing with water, settles competing demands for water from the Wailuku River on Maui. Regular transpacific steamship service to Islands starts. The Islands export 17,127.187 pounds of sugar and 544,994 gallons of molasses. $1,957,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $1,591,000. H.HOLSTEIN imports the first eucalyptus tree. Although the Royal Agriculturial Society had brought the first frogs to Hawai'i earlier, the first recorded shipment occurs this year when " frogs were liberated at Pawaa " in Honolulu. Earliest newspaper accounts of Island baseball games are published by the Polynesian and The Advertiser. U.S. -- U.S. buys Alaska from Russia. ++ 1868. -- The Spring Pioneer Omnibus Line, public transit service begins in Honolulu with horse drawn vehicles, is begun. THEO H. DAVIES & CO agency is formed from R.C. JANION CO, founded in 1845; the new concern will become one of the Big Five. April 2. -- Mauna Loa erupts violently, with accompanying earthquakes. Endangers portions of the Island of Hawai'i. June 24,-- A band of 148 laborers arrive from Japan, These first year men (gannenmono) test the feasibility of further Japanese labor importation. No more come until 1885, when the City of Tokyo brings the first wave of imported workers from that country. Kaona, the false prophet, incites an insurrection in Kona. Whaling activity results in 774,913 gallons of whale oil and 596,043 pounds of whalebone transshipped from the Islands. The Islands export 18,312,926 pounds of sugar and 492,839 gallons of moslasses. $1,936,000 worth of Imports arrive in the Islands; exports total $1,788,000 WARD and COLLINS established as private street-watering firm to control the clouds of dust blown around downtown Honolulu by tradewinds. First Axis Deer released on Moloka'i. Termites first recorded in Hawai'i. U.S. -- 14th Amendment gives equal protection to African Americans. ++ 1869 -- CHAUNCEY C. BENNET complies and publishes Honolulu's first directory in which he assigns street numbers, which last for a decade. Duke of Edinburgh stops briefly in Honolulu. Organization of the Lodge of Good Templers is started. Maunaolu Female Seminary at Makawao, Maui destroyed by fire. Lighthouse in Honolulu Harbor lighted for the first time. First Bookstore listed in Honolulu directory, C.C. BENNETT opens. First recorded commercial dairy operates in the Islands. Leading mechanics and manufactures of Honolulu meet and organize into the Hawai'ian Trades Association with L.L. TORBET elected President. First bicycle arrives in Islands. The Islands export 18,302,110 pounds of sugar and 338,311 gallons of molasses. $1,930,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $2,034,000, surpassing imports for the first tim. SANFORD DOLE writes an early monograph on Hawai'ian ornithology titled " A Synopsis of the Birds of The Hawai;ian Islands. The Suez Canal Opens. ++ 1870-- Scarlet Fever outbrak occurs. The British Flying Squadron arrives from Victoria en route to Valparaiso. Queen Dowager KALAMA, Consort of KAMEHAMEHA III, dies in Honolulu. April 19-- The S.S. Wonga Wonga, first steamer on the Australian route, arives in Honolulu, inaugrates service to Australia. June -- The fiftieth anniversary of the landing of the first missionaries celebrated in Honolulu with a grand jubilee. S.T. ALEXANDER and H.P. BALDWIN set up an informal partnership; the firm that will become a member of the Big Five, is not formally organized until 1895. Dr. GERIT P. JUDD starts Hawai'i's first medical school, for Hawai'ian students only. KAMEHAMEHA V appoints New Zealander WILLIAM NORTCOTT -- in Honolulu with the Austrian ship Donau- as the new conductor of an island band formed of reform school youths. Known as the Kings Band, the group later becomes the Royal Hawai'ian Band. Rice exports average over a million pounds per year. The Islands export 18,783,639 pounds of sugar and 216,662 gallons of molasses. $1,930,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $2,034,000. Legislature appropriates $1,166,396 for government expeditures. First plantings of Eucalyptus trees on Maui begin. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Continued in part 8. File at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/statewide/newspapers/hawaiian18nw.txt This file has been created by a form at http://www.poppet.org/hifiles/ File size: 13.6 Kb