Statewide County HI Archives News.....Hawai'i Chronology and The United States - Part 6. June 15, 2008
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Darlene E. Kelley http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00026.html#0006374 June 17, 2008, 5:08 pm

Keepers Of The Culture, A Study In Time Of The Hawaiian Islands June 15, 2008
Contributed for use in 
USGenWeb Archives
by Darlene E. Kelley
http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00026.html#0006374
June 15, 2008.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Historical Collections of Hawai'i
Keepers of the Culture
A Study in Time of the Hawai'ian Islands
Hawai'ian Chronology and the United States -- Part 6.
by Darlene E. Kelley

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Part 6.
Hawai'ian Chronology and the United States.


++
1852  -- At one time Honolulu Harbor holds 131 whale ships and 18
merchant ships.

The Second Foreign Church ( later called Fort Street Church ) opens; it
ultimately combines with rival O'ahu Bethel Church to form Central Union
Church of Honolulu.

The Thetis brings from China the first contingent of contract laborer
from tat country, some two hundred men and boys.

June 14 -- To replace the relatively simple Constitution of 1840, a new
Constitution of 1852 is promulgated by KAMEHAMEHA III. Replaced by one
that grants adult male suffrage for the first time and changes the House
of Nobles fom a hereditary body to one in which members are appointed
for life.

November 8 -- The death of an imprisoned whaleman, HENRY BURNS, triggers
a riot in Honolulu of several thousand sailors, who set fire to the
police station and threatens the lives of citizens.
It seems that more than 4,000 sailors were on shore leave at that port.
At that time, the resident population of O'ahu was approximately 26,000.
That night a contentious drunk sailor from the Emerald, HENRY BURNS,
tore up his jail cell and was killed by the rough handling of his
jailor. News of Burn's death sent sailors into a destructive frenzy and
the ensuing riot lasted all night and into the next day. They set fire
to the police station and other buildings and only a lucky shift of the
wind kept flames from engulfing the docked fleet carrying tons of
flamable whale oil. The sailors terrorized the town for hours. One
resourceful resident calmed the rioters who burst into his home by
playing the piano for them in his parlor. Eventually a group of outraged
citizens organized themselves and brought the rioting sailors under
control.

First Hawai'ian Calvery organized in Honolulu.

First fire hydrants placed along Nu'uanu Avenue, in hope of preventing a
reoccurance of the fiasco that took place a few years earlier when
Honolulu's first firefighters mistook a cesspool for a well.

Privy Council again moots the subject of a Reciprocity Treaty with the
United States.

Treaties with Sweden and Norway negotiated.

The Islands export 699,170 punds f sugr and 62,030 gallons of molasses.

$760,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $511,000.

Hawai'i exports culinary fungus
( hirneola polytricha, or pepeiao akua ), a chinese, food item, for the
first time.

Lava from an eruption on Mauna Loa flows toward Hilo, stopping within
seven miles of the town.      

Stranger's Friend Society organized in Honolulu.

U.S. - The National Typographical Union leads other groups in
countrywide labor unionization.

++
1853. -- The first general census of hawai'i lists 73,138 population; a
steady diminishing of Native Hawai'ians indicates a trend that will
continue for a generation.

A small pox epidemic claims the lives of 5,000 to 6,000 Hawai'ians in
over a eight month period. The same disease recurs in 1881.

The Amateur Musical Society is formed and meets monthly for a number of
years

Variety Theater opens in Honolulu.

Mormon Missinaries arrive.

Lihue Plantation installs the first steam operated sugar mill.

January 15.-- The famed American clipper ship Sovereign of the Seas
arrives under LAUCHLAN McKAY, with passenger G.W.BATES; on its return
voyage to New York this fast sailing vessel is the first to chalk up
more than four hundred miles in one day.

KAMEHAMEHA III names his nephew and adopted son ALEXANDER LIHOLIHO heir
apparent.

First sewing machines introduced to Hawai'i.

Island exports 642,746 pounds of sugar and 75,769 gallons of molasses.

$1,322,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $346,000.

Postmaster of Hawai'i issues five cent and 13-cent stamps.

Regular steamer service starts among the Islands.

November 14-- The S.B. Wheeler, American sidewheel steamer, arrives
under GUS ELLIS; renamed Akamai, the first ship owned by the Hawai'ian
Steam Navigation Co., it is used in inter-island trade.

U.S.-- HENRY STEINWAY begins manufacture of pianos in New York.

++
1854.-- A law is passed " for the encouragement and support of English
schools for Hawai'ian youth," and ten such schools open; previously,
common eduction had been given only in the Hawai'ian language.

Hawai'i boasts largest literate population per capita in the world. 

Fort at Lehaina demolished by government order.

Cornerstone of the Sailor's Home laid.

First bank represented in Hawai'i by Page, Bacon & Company of
San Fransico.

" Lahaina " type of sugar cane, noted for its fecundity, brought from
Tahhiti, boosting the sugar industry.

Honolulu Steam Flouring Mill Company started.   

Steamer Sea Bird arrives for Hawai'ian Steam Navigation Company and
enters the coasting trade. West Point aso enters the coasting trade,
under the name Kalama.

The Islands export 575,777 pounds of sugar and 68,372 gallons of
molasses.

$1,591,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $432,000.

Grammer of Hawai'ian Language by 
LORRIN ANDREWS published, the first comprehensive examination of
Hawai'ian grammer.

First operatic performance in Honolulu given at the Varieties Theater.

Earliest recorded mention of an introduced hibiscus -- Hibiscus rosa
sinensis - describes a red flower from China sometimes called the " shoe
black flower."

November 15 - KAMEHAMEHA III dies after longest reign on the throne of
Hawai'i, and is succeeded by ALEXANDER LIHOLIHO as KAMEHAMEHA IV.

U.S. -- An expedition under Commander MATHEW C. PERRY persuades Japan to
sign a treaty opening ports for American trade with this Asian nation
that had been virtually isolated from the Western world.

HORACE SMITH WESSON derives the Wesson revolver.

HORACE GREELEY founds the New York Tribune, highly influenial in shaping
American opinion. 

Quinine first used to successively treat Malaria.

++
1855. -- First legislative session under KAMEHAMEHA IV passes act " to
remodel the Department of Public Instruction " by abolishing office of
Minister of Public Instruction and forming a Board of Education,
consisting of a president and two directors appointed by the King. The
first Board of Education is headed by Prince LOT KAMEHAMEHA.

ROBERT C. WYLLIE, Minister of Foreign Relations, makes first report
under reign of KAMEHAMEHA IV.

WILLIAM PITT LELEIOHOKU, brother of future king DAVID KALAKAUA, is born.

High Chief PAKI, father of BERNICE PAUAHI, dies in Honolulu.

Scheduled sailing packet service between Hawai'i and the mainland is
introduced by Regular Dispatch Line.

Frenchman CHARLES VARIGNY and his family arrives in Hawai'i where they
live for fourteen years. VARIGNY serves as an interpreter, Secretary and
acting French consul. In 1863, KAMEHAMEHA V appoints him minister of
finance.

The Methodist Episcopal Church is organized in Hawai'i, with REV.W.S.
TURNER of the California Conference as its first pastor.

Pre-Western system of land tenure ends.

August 11- A great eruption of Mauna Loa begins, with a lava flw
theatening destruction of Hilo.

Second effort for a Reciprocity Treaty 
with the United States obtains MARCY and LEES signatures but is not
ratified.

Varities Theater Burns.

According to the Honolulu Polynesian, a letter from New York City takes
35 days to arrive in Honolulu traveling via St. Blas
and Mazatian, and then various trading vessels.

SAMUEL SAVIDGE and HENRY MAY establish the first real grocery store in
Hawai'i. 

First flour exported from Islands, a total of 463 barrels.

The Islands export 289,908 pounds of sugar and 38,304 gallons of
Molasses.

$1,383,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $412,000.

General WILLIAM MILLER brings the Chinese banana from Tahiti.

Dr. WILLIAM HILLABRAND introduces the royal poinciana tree.

HARVEY HITCHCOCK - the first to establish a mission on Moloka'i - dies
on the island where he served so many years.

Ka Buke a Moramona, first edition of the Book of Mormon in a Hawai'ian
tanslation by GEORGE Q. CANNON, is published.

U.S. WALT WHITMAN publishes first version of Leaves of Grass.

++
1856.-- A ten mile ditch is dug to supply Lihue Plantation, Kauai, with
irrigation water.

HIRAM BINGHAM II sails Morning Star,
first missionary vessel of that name, to Honolulu.

The Pacific Commercial Advertiser, weekly newspaper, is established; it
becomes a daily on May 1, 1882.

June 19 -- KAMEHAMEHA IV is married to EMMA at Kawaiahao Church; their
child, PRINCE ALBERT is born May 20, 1858.

Hawai'ian Medical Society foundd.

Sailor's Home opens.

Steamer Kalama wrecks at Koloa, Kaua'i.

The Islands export 554,805 pounds of sugar and 58,842 gallons of
Molasses.

$1,152,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $ 360,000.

Lava from Mauna Loa halts five miles from Hilo.

Northern Assurance Company establshed, the first fire insurance agency
in Honolulu.

++
1857 -- June 12.-- A marine telegraph, a semaphore system erected at
Diamond Head, sends signals to downtown post office when a ship is
sighted.

Queen EMMA inherits Hanaikamalama, her summer palace.

KONIA, widow of PAKI and mother of BERNICE PAUAHI, dies.

WILLIAM L. LEE, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, dies at age 36.

Premier JOHN YOUNG II ( Keoni Ana ) dies.

VICTORIA KAMAMALU appointed Kuhina Nui.

Gov. ADAMS ( Kuakini ) of Hawai'i dies.

First labor organization formed, the Hawai'ian Mechanic's Benefit Union.

Blight attacks coffee plants and planters abandon practically all coffee
growing on Kaua'i.

The Islands export 700,556 pounds of sugar and 48,486 gallons of
Molasses.

$1,130,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $ 470,000.

THEOPHILUS HARRIS DAVIES arrives from England. Starting as a shipping
clerk for Janion, Green & Co, in Honolulu. DAVIES later builds THEO
DAVIES into one of Hawai'i's powerful Big Five companies.

Native Historian DAVID MALO dies.

U.S. -- The Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case arouses
denunciation by the anti-slavery forces in the Northern States.  Claims
southern blacks are not citizens and can not sue in Court. Early
beginning of underground railroad.

GEORGE PULLMAN starts the Pullman sleeping car train travel.   

++
1858 -- Prince LOT KAMEHAMEHA serves as acting minister of Finance for
two years ending in March.

Cornwallis Island -- disovered in 1807 by CAPTAIN CHARLES JOHNSON on
board the HMS Cornwallis -- annexed by the Hawai'ian government.
Cornwallis Island is now known as Johnson Atoll.

A long awaited heir to the Hawai'ian Kingdom is born to KAMEHAMEHA IV
and QUEEN EMMA; they name him ALBERT to honor England's Queen Victoria,
his Godmother.

Honolulu Rifles formed as a military company " for the purpose of
defending the property of the town, both public and private, together
with the lives of its citizens, against lawless mobs and disturbers of
the peace." Its charter is granted by LOT KAMEHAMEHA, Minister of the
Interior.

The firm of Aldrich and Bishop opens the first bank in the islands;
later it becomes the Bank of Bishop and today is the First Hawai'ian
Bank.

All Mormon missionaries withdraw to Utah asa result of the " Mormon
War."

KAMEHAMEHA IV agrees to lease Kaho'olawe for ranching to ELISHA ALLEN
and ROBERT WYLIE for $505 per year.

First systematic cultivation of rice.

Expenitures for the Hawai'ian Kingdom
total $643,098; revenues total $655,866.

$1,090,000 worth of imports arrive in the Islands; exports total
$564,000.

HENRY MACFARLANE imports a portable gas apparatus in hopes of lighting
his hotel and other buildings in the vacinity.

U.S. -- FREDRICK LAW OLMSTED is named chief architect of Central Park in
New York City and begins a career as the leading designer of American
landscapes. 

First Transatlantic Cable is laid.

++ 1859. -- Civil Code of the Kingdom establshed.
 
Cornerstone of the Oddfellows' Hall laid.

JONAS PIIKOA - father of DAVID KAWANANAKOA, EDWARD KELIIAHONUI and JONAH
KUHIO KALANIANAOLE- dies.

WILLIAM PITT KINAU, son of LELEIOHOKU and RUTH KEELIKOLANI, dies at
Kohala at age 17.

Gas Lighting is introduced to the streets of Honolulu.

Ten Black Pacific Islanders are imported to work on Koloa Plantation.
But in all, some 2,500 Polynesian are recruited for field labor, and
other sources must be found.

Post office department established.

The Islands export 1,826,630 pounds of sugar and 87,513 gallons of
Molasses.

Expenditures for the Hawai'ian Kingdom total $643,098; Revenues total $
655,866.

$1,556,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $740,000.

Eruption of Mauna loa reported with the flow running down to Wainanlii.  

KAMEHAMEHA IV, distrustful of American missionaries donates property for
English Episcopal Church.

Queen's Hospital Opens in temporary quarters.

U.S. --Petroleum is successfully drilled by EDWIN L.DRAKE near
Titusville, Pennsylvania; increased production threatens use of whale
oil for lighting.

October --  A band led by JOHN BROWN attacks Harper's Ferry, Virginia,
in a demonstration against the institution of slavery.

++
1860 -- A new census shows total population of 69,800 persons in the
islands. 

Trial planting of rice seed from South Carolina begins a craze for rice
raising, resulting by the nd of 1870s in a crop of about two million
pounds annually.

March 5,-- The American Navy steam frigate Powhatan, under GEORGE
F.PEARSON, visits Hawai'i, bringing from Japan members of the first
Japanese embassy to the United States.

July 17,-- The cornerstone of Queen's Hospital is laid in Honolulu under
royal auspices.

July 18.-- The Steamer Kilauea makes its first regular inter-island run.

Mongoose imported during this year to attack rats in the cane fields.

Custom House building built.

Water Commssion established to settle disputes.

Prince LOT KAMEHAMEHA sails for California.

REV. DR. R. ARMSTRONG, Minister of Public Instruction, dies in Honolulu.

Honolulu Flour Mill and Foundry burns.

Honolulu's Chinatown established.The oldest Chinatown in the nation,
today it is an urban collection of Asian temples and shrines, produce,
meat, and fish markets, small facories and Lei stands. 

KAMEHAMEHA IV sponsors contest or a new national anthem for Hawai'iwith
lyrics to match the tune of " God save the King."
CHARLES LUNALILO writes the wining entry, taking the cash prize of ten
dolars

$1,224,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; exports total $677,000.

The Islands export 1,444,271 pounds of sugar and 108,613 gallons of
Molasses.

U.S. Abraham Lincoln, Republican candidate, is elected President, the
first of two terms he is to serve.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

To be continued in part 7.


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