Statewide County HI Archives News.....Hawai'i Chronology and The United States - Part 5. June 3, 2008 ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/hi/hifiles.htm ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Darlene E. Kelley http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00026.html#0006374 June 7, 2008, 2:51 pm Keepers Of The Culture, A Study In Time Of The Hawaiian Islands June 3, 2008 Contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by Darlene E. Kelley http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00026.html#0006374. June 3, 2008. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Historical Collections of Hawai'i Keepers of the Culture A Study in Time of the Hawai'ian Islands Hawai'ian Chronology and The United States. -- Part 5. by Darlene E. Kelley ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Part 5. Hawai'ian Chronology and The United States. ++ 1845. -- The first English-Hawai'ian dictionary is published by the Lahainaluna Seminary Press, prepared by JOSEPH S. EMERSON and ARTEMAS BISHOP. The first Crop of island coffee is exported, only 248 pounds. May 17.-- Daguerrotype photographs are being taken at the rooms of THEOPHILUS METCALF. Hawai'i's first commercial photographer. May 21.-- The report of Attorney General JOHN RICORD to the legislative session recommends drafting Organic Arts to organize the government under modern principles; this report eventuates in the Organic Acts of 1845-1847. $581,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; Exports total $98,000. Normal school established with a budget of $25,000. Capitol moved from Lahaina, Maui to Honolulu. ROBERT C. WYLLIE issues the first passport granted by the Kingdom of Hawai'i to JOSE NADEL. First Legislative assembly under the contitution of 1840 opened by the King in Honolulu. HALE ALI'I, completed by O'ahu Governor KELUANAOA, serves as a domicile for five kings in its 33 years. The trail over O'ahu Pali widened and paved with stones. Board of Commissioners created to study the issue of private land ownership. Approximately 2,000 Hawai'ian seaman work on foreign ships. Frequent and fairly regular mail service begins running between Honolulu and San Francisco. Service continues three years until 1848. DR. DWIGHT BALDWIN treats a high chief who apparently has leprosy ( Hansen's disease. ); the chief had caught the disease five years earlier. This is the earliest recorded case of leprosy in the Islands, although it is not recognized at the time. ++ 1846. This is a banner year for the arrival of whale ships in the islands; no fewer than 596 vessels visit, of which 429 touch at Lahaina and the rest at Honolulu. $598,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; Exports $190,000 February 11. The Land Commission is organized. March. -- The First Organic Act goes into effect, setting up the executive branch of the government and the privy council. Six Ministers and the executive forms the body of the Kingdom. March 22.-- The French naval frigate Virginie, under REAR ADMIRAL HAMELIN arrives and the Captain restores the $20,000 taken by LAPLACE in 1839. April 27.-- The Second Organic Act goes into effect during the year under the name of the " Great Mahele," dividing the lands among the king, his chiefs, Hawai'ian commoners and foreigners. May 22. -- The British sidewheel steamer Cormorant, under SIR GEORGE W. GORDON, arrives, first steam vessel to visit Hawai'i under power. June -- A group of Mormons headed by SAM BRANNAN arrives in Brooklyn on their way to California. October 5.-- The Danish Navy corvette Galathea under STEEN BILLE arrives; on the 16th BILLE negotiates a Danish Treaty wit Hawai'i. O'ahu Temporance Society forms. Forestry begins in Hawai'i with King KAMEHAMEHA III's Act # 2, declaring the forests and timber growing therein shall be considered government property, and under the special care of the Minister of the Interior. Frenchman " Senor " LEBLEU one of Hawai'i's first commercial photograhers arrives in Honolulu. U.S. ELIAS HOWE obtains a patent on his sewing machine. May - The Congress declares war against the Republic of Mexico; at its successful termination, the territory of the United States is greatly enlarged to the westward. ++ 1847.-- The first fire engine arrives in Honolulu, a hand pump that is filled from buckets. Work begins on a piped water supply syetem for Honolulu to convey water from a taro patch mauka of Beretania Street to a water tank in the basement of the New Harbor Master and the Pilot's office near the wharf at the foot of Nu'uanu Avenue. Washington Place is built by future LILI'UOKALANI'S father-in-law. It became her home for over 50 years. Honolulu police force consists of two officers and 34 men. KAMEHAMEHA III comissions CHRISTIAN and JOHANN LEFRENZ to design and build the first throne of the Hawai'ian Monarchy. In Honolulu. the first theatre is founded under the name of the Thespian Theatre. It is only open for one sason and is followed by the Royal Hawai'ian Theatre. Frenchman LOIUS MAIGRET named Vicar Apostolic to the Sandwich Islands under the title of Bishop of Arathia; he serves as head of the Catholic Mission until his death that occurred in 1887. $738,000 worth of imports arrive in the islands; Exports total $354,000. November 1-- The ministry of the Interior issues an exclusive charter to JAMES HOUGH to hunt whales off the coast of Maui. ++ 1848. American warship brings maesles to Hilo, where it spreads and decimates about one third of the population. ( some ten thousand people, mostly native Hawai'ians ) Among chiefs who die are MOSES KEKUAIWA, WILLIAM PITT LEIEIOHOKU and KAIMINAAUAO. Whooping Cough also rapid. January 10 --The third Organic Act goes into effect in the attempt to improve the Hawai'ian judicial system January 27 - March 7 -- The Great Mahele is conducted, dividing the land among the king, his chiefs and Hawai'ian commoners February 26.-- The twelfth ( and last ) Company of American missionaries arrives in bark Samoset, under Capt. HOLLIS. LEILELOHOKU, son of KALANIMOKu, dies from measles. He was husband to Princess NAHIENAENA and later marries Ruth KE'ELIKOLANI, governess of Hawai'ian Island. MOSES KAIKIOEWA, son of KEKUANAOA and KINAU and brother to Alexander LIHOLIHO and LOT KAMEHAMEHA, dies also of measles. Kingdom of Hawai'i receives a full length portrait of LORD PHILIPPE as a gift from the ruler of France. The painting was so large it required 12 men to carry it from the wharf to the Palace. First attempt for Reciprocity agreement with the United States made by J.J. JARVIS on behalf of the Hawai'ian government is unsuccessful. Island export 499,533 pounds of sugar and 28,978 gallons of molasses. $606,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; Exports total $519,000. Royal Hawai'ian Threatre opens. Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill at Sacremento, California. First party leaves from Hawai'i to search for gold. Treaty with Hamburg negotiated. Construction of a water tank and piping network completed to serve Whaling ships calling at Honolulu Harbor. Newpaper editor reports; A bumble bee visited our office. They made their appearance in Lahaina several years ago, but we have never seen one on this O'ahu island before. U.S. -- January 24. JAMES A. MARSHALL, working for JOHANN AUGUSTUS SUTTER in the Lower Sacramento River Valley, discovers gold. The subsequent rush to California swells the population and advances the manifest destiny of the nation. ++ 1849.-- The H. Hackfeld Department Store in Honolulu is opened. This later becomes the American Factors Group. May 1.-- A newpaper in Lowville, New York, publishes a two column editorial advocating annexation and statehood for the Hawai'ian Islands. August 12.-- The French Navy frigage Poursuivante arrives under REAR ADMIRAL LEGOARANT de TROMELIN, who conducts a series of reprisals after presenting ten demands drawn up by GUILLAUME PATRICE DILLON. His ship is accompnied by the steam-corvette Gassendi. He sized the Fort in Honolulu and the Kings yacht Kamehameha. September 11. -- Dr. G.P. JUDD, accompanied by the royal brothers. ALEXANDER LIHOLIHO and LOT KAMEHAMEHA, depart for the United States and Europe on a mission to improve international relations. KELIIAHONUI, a chief on Kaua'i dies. Work begins on the Big Island road to connect Kailua, Kona and Hilo. The ambitious project is discontinued after several years. Islands export 653,820 pound of sugar and 41,235 gallons of Molasses. $730,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; Exports total $161,000. CHUN AFONG arrives in Honolulu to work in his uncle's store. He later establishes Afong & Ahchuck. VALDEMAR KNUDSEN, son of a president of Norway and future sugar planter arrives in Hawai'i. Beef first exported from the Islands. The Massachusetts is the first steam powered propeller ship to arrive in Hawai'i. Na'uanu Reservoir built. Pipes take water from Keokane Spring into Honolulu. The Herald arrives, bringing famed naturalist BERTHOLD SEEMAN to the Islands. ++ 1850.-- A post office is set up in Honolulu with HENRY M. WHITNEY as postmaster. By 1855 mail arrives from New York in the record time of 35 days. January 22.-- The privy council approves the opening of the first public park in the islands, Thomas Square, named in honor of ADMIRAL RICHARD THOMAS. June 21.-- The Legislature authorizes the establishment of a contract labor system in bringing badly needed workers to island fields. August 13.-- The Royal Hawai'ian Agricultural Society is founded. August 30.-- Honolulu is officially declared a city. December 12.-- The first Morman missionaries arrive, ten young men from the California gold camps; among them is GEORGE Q. CANNON who becomes celebrated as a preacher and leader in translating the Book of Morman into Hawai'ian. December 13. -- The French Navy corvette Serieuse, under CAPT. COSNIER, arrives with EMILE PERRIN, commissioeer, aboard. PERRIN again presents the demands of TROMELIN, December 27.-- King KAMEHAMEHA III signs an ordinance establishing the Honolulu Fire Department, the first fire department in the Hawai'ian Islands and the only fire departmant that was established by a ruling monarch. The law requires each city householder to keep at least two buckets ready and on hand for use against fire. The Islands export 750,238 pounds of sugar and 129,432 gallons of Molasses. $1,035,000 worth of imports arrive in Hawai'i; Exports total $443,000. JOHN YOUNG'S son JAMES YOUNG KANEHOA and widow KAONAEHA die. PRINCE LOT and ALEXANDER LIHOLIHO return from their trip to the United States. Kuleana Act grants 28,600 acres to 11,000 native Kanaka Maoli. ( 72% left landless.) Adoption of Masters and Servants act allows engagement of urgently needed foreign contract workers. Act allows foreigners to own land. Farmers, planters and interested persons from Royal Hawai'ian Agricultural Society plan to recruit laborers from outside Hawai'i and send agents to China. Most Chinese coming to Hawai'i arrive from the Kwangung district. First documented sailing race run between Honolulu and Lahaina by schooners Mario and Kamoi. Rowe's Olympian Circus, the first of ts kind, arrives in Honolulu. The earliest known reference to general anesthesia in the Islands, was introduced by DR. CHARLES WETMORE, the mission physician in Hilo. He administered ether to his wife as she was giving birth to their first child. ++ 1851. -- The Honolulu Fire Department is headed by A.J. CARTRIGHT. The Courthouse of Coral blocks cut by prisioners is built in downtown Honolulu. The Partnership of S.N.CASTLE and A.S. COOK, both missionary sons, form a company, later to become one of the " big five. The invention of DAVID M. WESTON at the East Maui plantation is a centrifugel machine for separating sugar from molasses helped to increase the speed of drying. Febuary 1. KAMEHAMEHA III signs a secret agreement that in the event of the further spread of French imperialism, Hawai'i will be protected by the United States. First Legislative funds for public education total $ 22,000. Privy Council issues a decree authorizing the postmaster to put out stamps of appropriate denominations, called " missionaries." The first stamps issued are for two cent, five cent, and thirteen cent values. Pulu - wool like fibers from the base of tree fern leaves used for stuffing pillows and mattresses exported for the first time. First whale oil and bone transhipped. The Islands export 21,030 pounds of sugar and 43,742 gallons of molasses. $1,814,000 worth of impots arrive in Hawai'i; Exports total $579,000. Hawai'ian Missionary Society formed. CAPT. CASS of the British Thetis bring 195 field workers, called coolies, and 20 houseboys to Hawai'i from China. Field workers on five year contracts earn three dollars per month plus clothing, food, housing, and boat fare; houseboys earn two dollars a month. Prussian Doctor WILLIAM HILLEBRAND arrives in the islands. The site of his home, where he experiments with new plants, animals, and birds, later becomes Foster Gardens. U.S. -- HERMAN MELVILLE publishes Moby Dick and HARRIET BEECHER STOWE publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ to be continued in part 6. File at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/statewide/newspapers/hawaiich9nw.txt This file has been created by a form at http://www.poppet.org/hifiles/ File size: 13.6 Kb