Statewide County HI Archives News.....Important People - Part 19. August 11, 2008 ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/hi/hifiles.htm ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Darlene E. Kelley http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00026.html#0006374 August 12, 2008, 9:15 pm Keepers Of The Culture, A Study In Time Of The Hawaiian Islands August 11, 2008 Contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by Darlene E. Kelley http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00026.html#0006374 August 11, 2008. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Historical Collections of Hawai'i Keepers of the Culture A Study in Time, of the Hawai'ian Islands Important People -- Part 19. by Darlene E. Kelley ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Part 19. Important People -- KALAKUA ( ? - 1842) A wife of Kamehameha I, afterwards married to Hoapili. ++++++++++++++++ HAKALELEPONI KAPAKUHAILI KALAMA (1817-1870) Born near Kailua Kona, daughter of Naihekukui, she began the longet reign of a Hawai'ian queen on February 14, 1837, when the Rev. Hiram Bingham married her to Kamehameha III. She took part in the many events of his reign; in 1847 she was hostess to as many as ten thousand people at the luau celebrating Restoration Day. After the death of the king in 1854, she seldom appeared in public, but occupied herself in the development of her property, including a tract in windward O'ahu that she hoped to convert into a sugar plantation. ++++++++++++++++ JONAH KUHIO KALANIANAOLE (1871-1922 ) Prince Jonah was descended from the kings of Kaua'i; Kaumualii was his grandfather. Jonah was born at Koloa, Kaua'i, on March 26, 1871. His parents were the high chief David Kahalepouli Piikoi and Princess Kinoiki Kelaulike. He was cousin of King Kalakaua and Queen Lili'uokalani and a nephew of Queen Kapiolani, consort of Kalakaua. His elder brothers were Prince Edward Keliiahonui (1869 -1887) and Prince David Kawananakoa. At school his French teacher gave Jonah the lifelong nickname of " Prince Cupid." Jonah was an athlete at Punahou School and was interested in sports at an early age. He and his brothers were made princes by royal decree when he was thirteen. He was educated at San Mateo, California, and at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, England. On his return to Hawai'i, he worked in the ministry of the interior and the customs service. He was trained as a sucessr to the royal throne. But when he was twenty one the monarchy was overthrown. He was arrested and charged with treason for his part in the counter-revolution of 1895 and served, but unhappily, as a political prisoner for about a year. He married Elizabeth Kahanu Kaauwai, daughter of a chief of Kaua'i, in 1896, and after the daeth of Queen Kapiolani in 1899, the couple spent two years in world travel. Elizabeth died in 1932. Jonah was a member of the Republican Party and was elected in 1902 as the second Hawai'i delegate to Congress, succeeding Robert W. Wilcox, and servd until his death in 1922. He attained a number of political gains for Hawai' during his long term, and is remembered best as the father of the present Hawai'ian Homes Commission. He introduced a bill on February 11, 1919, asking that Hawai'i be admitted to the Union as a State. Kuhio in 1903 organized the Order of Kamehameha and officiated at the first observance of Kamehameha Day in 1904. He also organized the Chiefs of Hawai'i and the Hawai'ian Civic Club. He died January 7, 1922, at the age of fifty and was given the last State funeral held in Hawai'i for an alii. He was buried in the Royal Mausoleum. +++++++++++++++ KALANIKUPULE (1760-1795) Son and heir of Kahekili, Kalanikupule became ruler of Mau'i and O'ahu at the death of his father in 1794. In a dispute about the inheritance, he fought his uncle, Kaeo, and the latter was killed in battle on O'ahu in the same year. In the decisive battle of the Nuuanu Pali in 1795, the invading forces of Kamehameha I overcame the defenders and Kalanikupule, after wandering in the mountains for several mnths, was captured and sacrificed to Kamehameha's war god. leaving the islands ( except Kaua'i) virtually united under one ruler. +++++++++++++++++ KALANIMOKU [ KALAIMOKU, CRYMOKU, BILLY PITT] (1768? -1827) High chief of Mau'i , Kalanimoku was present at the death of Captain James Cook. He was the right hand of Kamehameha I, acting as his treasurer and principal advisor or " kalaimoku" whic might be translated as prime minister. The office however, was of lesser rank than that of kuhina nui, held by Kaahumanu . Kalanimoku took for himself the nickname of " Billy Pitt," after the great English prime minister William Pitt. He was also called " the iron cable of Hawai'i. " Kalanimoku was baptized into the Roman Catholic faith in August, 1819, on board the visiting French ship L'Uranie, commanded by Captain Freycinet, in the presence of Kamehameha II and the dowager queen. A celebrated drawing of the scene was made by the ship's artist, Arago. Kalanimoku commanded the Hawai'ian army from the death of Kameameha until 1824. He took a leading role in the breaking of the ancient kapu in 1819; he defeated the rebellion of Kekuaokalani in that year and the rebellion on Kau'i in 1824 led by George P. Kaumualii. More than anyone else. Kalanimoku held the kingdom together after the death of the founder, and was the prime councillor of Kaahumanu during the first three years of her term as kuhina nui. He was treasurer of the realm and supervised collection of all taxes and revenue. From 1821, he sent ships on trading voyages to the Russian -American colonies, the South Seas, and America. He was the first chief to greet the arrival of the first American missionaries off Kawaihae in 1820, and strongly supported their settling in the islands. Along with Kaahumanu, he was admitted to the church in 1825, the year he became guardian of the boy king Kamehameha III. Kalanimoku recognized the need for a written code of laws and proposed the adoption of the Ten Commandments as the first step in such a program. Richard Charlton averred that the basis for his troublesome land claim was a grant of land to him by Kalanimoku in 1826, a year before the daeth of the "kalaimoku." ++++++++++++++++ KALANIOPUU ( ? - 1782) A son of Kalaninuiiamamao, ruling chief of Ka'u, and Kamakaimoku, Kalaniopuu rose to power as a war leader under Alapainui, but turned against him and fought for his own ambitions. In 1754, he defeated Keaweopala, son and sucessor of Alapainui, and became ruler over the entire island of Hawai'i. He failed, after several attempts, to subdue the neighboring island of Mau'i. Kalaniopuu's chief wife was Kalola. He was also the husband of Kanekapolei and by her was father of twin sons, Keoua Kuahuula and Keoua Peeale. He took a leading part in the drama at Kealakekua Bay in 1779 when Captain Jmes Cook was killed. In 1780, Kalaniopuu made his son Kiwalao, his heir and named his nephew Kamehameha, the custodian of the war god Kukailimoku. He died in 1782 at Waiohukini in Ka'u, but his body was taken , as he requested, for burial at Hale-o-Keawe at Kona. ++++++++++++++++ KALOLA She was the daughter of Kekaulike and sister of Kahekili, and the mother of Kiwalao by her husband Kalaniopuu. After his death, she wedded Keopuili and returned to Mau'i. Later, she fled to Moloka'i and died there. +++++++++++++ SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU ( 1815 - 1876 ). Born at Mokuleia, O'ahu, Kamakau entered Lahainaluna School in 1833. he remained there for seven years as student and teaching assistant. He collected Hawai'iana under the direction of the Rev. Sheldon Dibble. He married S. Hainakolo and began teaching on Mau'i, where he acted briefly as a judge. In 1841, he helped to form the Royal Hawai'ian Historical Society. From 1851 until his death he served many times in the legislature of the kingdom. He began in 1865 to publish more than two hundred articles in newspapers. Form these, two volumes have been published and translated into both Hawai'ian and English. ++++++++++++++++ KAMAMALU (1802-1824) Kamamalu was a daughter of Hoapili and Kalakua and a sister of Kekaulohi and Kinau. The favorite wife of Kamehameha II, she accompanied him to London and died there a few days before his own death. +++++++++++++ VICTORIA KAAHUMANU KAMAMALU ( 1838 -1866 ) Princess Victoria was the daughter of Kinau and Kekuanaoa and sister of Kamehameh IV and Kamehameha V. She attended the Chief's Children's School ( later the Royal School ) operated by American missionaries, and became a skilled poet and chanter in the old Hawai'ian style. Kamehameha IV appointed her as kunina nui to replace John Young II. She was once engaged to Prince William C. Lunalilo but it is said that the marriage was opposed by Kamehameha IV. It is reported also that David Kalakaua proposed to her but was rejected, and she never married. Robert C. Wyllie believed that the annexation movement of 1854 was designed to substitute Victoria on the throne for Kamehameha IV, since she was thought to be pro-American. Her death in 1866 was the occasion for a Great State Funeral, described in one of the letters of Mark Twain. [ Samuel L. Clemens ]. Victoria was a composer of native chants, some of which have survived. ++++++++++++++ KAMANAWA Son of Keawepoepoe and Kanoena and twin brother of Kameeiamoku, he and his brother were two of the four great chiefs of Kona ( the others being Keeaumoku and Keaweaheula ) who supported Kamehameha I through his wars. Kamanawa and Keaweaheulu were the two emissaries sent to summon Keoua Kuahuula to his death in 1791. Kamanawa and his twin were made governors of wide lands after the conquest of the island of Hawai'i. They were half-brothers of Kahekili and hid his bones after his death in 1794. They were also half-brothers of Keeaumoku; they shared the same father but the mother of Keeaumoku was Kaumaaiku. +++++++++++++++ KAMEEIAMOKU ( ? -1804) Twin brother of Kamanawa, Kameeiamoku was the father of Ulumaheihei Hoapili. He was killed at Lahaina in 1804 defending the peleliu fleet of Kamehameha I. ++++++++++++++ KAMEHAMEHA I (1758 -1819) " The Lonely One," the chief who first united all the main islands under one rule, was born in North Kohala on a November night. His mother was Kekuiapoiwa, a niece of Kahekili, and his father was Keouakalani, a stepson of Alapainui. It is said, however, that the real father was Kahekili, against whom Kamehameha would later battle. It was foretold that the baby would be in danger to the chiefs, and the mother arranged that he should be taken away by Naeole. After five years the child was returned to the court and was trained in warfare by Kekuahaupio (whose life Kamehameha later saved in battle.) By the time Kamehameha's uncle. Kalaniopuu, became ruler of Kohala, the young man was a celebrated warrior. When Captain James Cook returned from the Arctic in November, 1778, Kamehameha visited the English ships along with his uncle. The young chief observed the powerof the visitor's cannon and gunpowder, and he was wounded by gunfire on the beach when Cook was killed at Kealakekua Bay the folowing February. A year later, Kalaniopuu named his son Kiwalao as his heir and Kamehameha guardian of the war god Kukailimoku. After boldly asserting his rights, Kamehameha was advised to retire from the court for a time. Civil war broke out on the Big island at the death of Kalaniopuu in 1782. Prominent among the supporters of Kamehameha were Keeaumoku, Keaweaheula, and the twin brothers Kameeiamoku and Kamanawa, Kiwalao was killed and the followers of Kamehameha urged him to fight against Keoua Kuahuula, a younger son of Kalaniopuu. Keoua was supported by Kahekili, and a ten year war began. Kamehameha in 1790 invaded the eastern end of Mau'i, and after a battle at Iao Valley took over the entire island of Mau'i as well as neighboring Lana'i. He was forced to return to Hawai'i, however, to defend his troops against those of Keoua. Kahekili recaptured Moloka'i and Mau'i, and invaded northern Hawai'i with a large fleet of canoes. This fleet was driven back by the canoes of Kamehameha, armed with swivel guns manned by crews under John Young and Isaac Davis. Only Keoua stood in the way of Kamehameha's domination over the whole of the Big Island. Following the advice of a soothsayer, Kamehameha led inthe building of a great heiau or temple at Kawaihae, and then summoned Keoua to attend him there. Fatalistically, Keoua came and was killed along with his followers; the fatal spear was thrown by Keeaumoku. Thereafter Kamehameha ruled the Big Island and was visited by George Vancouver, who found that the Chief had changed his charcter for the better. The English Captain made peace between the ruler and his favorite wife, Kaahumanu, after a quarrel. When Kaeo and his nephew Kalanikupule began fighting aginst each other and Kaeo was killed in 1794 in a battle near Pearl Harbor on O'ahu, Kamehameha saw his chance to add that island to his growing kingdom His fleet captured Mau'i, then Moloka'i, and landed on the southerm shore of O'ahu in 1795. the invaders than fought their way up Nuuanu Valley behind Honolulu. The forces of Kalanikupule were defeated and their fugitive leader was captured and sacrificed to the war god. Thereafter, Kamehameha was undisputed monarch of all the islands except Kaua'i and Niihau, whih fell to the crown under an agreement in 1810 with Kaumualii. The reign of Kamehameha I was marked by peaceful expansion and trade with the foreign ships that continued to arrive, bringing more strangers, who were enlisted in royal service. Kamehameha was a shrewd bargainer and increased the wealth of his family. Visiting vessels plying between the Northwest Coast of America ad Asia were supplied with pork and yams, and later the export of precious sandalwood to the Orient brought chiefly the ability to purchase merchandise from abroad. Kamehameha defended the islands against the incursion of Russian forces in 1816 and 1817 under Georg Anton Scheffer, and he cultivated the abilities of such settlers as Francisco de Paula Marin, John Palmer Parker, Alexander Adams, and Archibald Campbell. Kamehmeha I , founder of the dynasty that was to last until 1872, died on May 8, 1819, at Kailua, Hawai'i, where he had set up his court in 1811. All his life he had been loyal to the religon of his ancestors. However, when the prests told him that a human sacrifice was demanded at his death, he refused, saying; " the men are kapu for the king "---meaning that his followers should live to serve his son Liholiho, who would succeed him on the throne as Kamehameha II. The bones of the father, as custonary, were taken and concealed in a secret cave. " Only the stars of the heavens know the resting place of Kamehameha." He was followed as ruler of the islands by two of his sons, chidren of his sacred wife Keopuolani, and two grandsons. After this family died out, the kings of Hawai'i were elected by the people. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Continued in Part 20. File at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/statewide/newspapers/importan40nnw.txt This file has been created by a form at http://www.genrecords.net/hifiles/ File size: 15.6 Kb