HISTORY: Fayette County, Iowa From the A.T. Andreas Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa, 1875 ************************************************* Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm ************************************************* ________________________________________________________ NOTE: For more information on Fayette County, Iowa Please visit the Fayette County, IAGenWeb page at http://iagenweb.org/fayette/ ________________________________________________________ FAYETTE COUNTY. Fayette is the second county both from the northern and eastern boundaries of the state. It is a county of the larger size, containing an area of seven hundred and twenty square miles. The face of the country within its limits is greatly varied. In the eastern and northeastern portions, bold and prominent bluffs, crowned with forests of timber, mark the course of the larger streams, and between these bluffs the waters have eroded, not broad, but very beautiful and picturesque valleys. Toward the southwest these rugged and prominent features gradually melt away in the broad undulating prairies. The face of the country undergoes a marked transformation as it recedes from the hilly region that skirts the Mississippi toward the high, gently rolling region of the interior. TIMBER. About one-fourth of the area of the county is covered with timber of excellent growth, the larger bodies lying in the eastern and northern parts, and embracing nearly all the hardy varieties, including oak, maple, elm, linn, poplar, black and white walnut, hickory, hackberry, cherry, cottonwood, etc., with occasional pine of insignificant growth. SOIL. The classes of soil are peculiarly divided. Southward of Otter Creek, which diagonally crosses the Township of West Union, the soil is of a light, yet very productive character; some patches are quite sandy. North of Otter Creek it is a rich black loam, exceedingly productive. Cultivated grasses grow well on this soil, and in the county generally the soil is of such fertility that the yield of all cereals common to this latitude (48) is uniformly good, and quality excellent. The prairies produce nutritious native grasses. STREAMS. The principal streams afford highly valuable water powers, many of which are already improved; but the opportunity to increase the already quite extensive manufacturing interests of Fayette County by the utilizing of these water privileges, will be improved as rapidly as the requirements of the country demand. No stream in the state affords as many first-class water powers in proportion to its length as Turkey River. The north, northeastern, central and northwestern parts of the county are well watered, not only by numerous streams of greater or less size, but by a great number of living springs. GEOLOGICAL. The Niagara limestone occupies a large portion of the geological formation of Fayette County. It is well exhibited in various sections in the vicinity of West Union; on Otter Creek, at one place it is shown to the depth of one hundred and thirty-five feet. Here the lower layer is somewhat soft and irregularly stratified, resembling the Niagara as seen in the immediate vicinity of the Mississippi River. Above this is seen a very hard and almost white limestone. The Galena limestone appears in the valley of the Turkey, through its entire length in this county. At Elgin the bluffs on the north side of the river, at an elevation of three hundred feet, and a distance of two miles from the stream, exhibit all the character of the Galena limestone. The Trenton limestone is noticed at various points in the valley of the Turkey River underlying the Galena, and is the lowest rock exposed in the county. In the south and west parts of the county, on the high prairies, numerous rocks-boulders of massive size-are found, and in some places the ground is covered with smaller stones, in formation and composition very similar to the large boulders, differing only in size; while in the northern part of the county, on the prairie land, not a stone is to be found. The southeastern part of the county lies within the Devonian region. PRODUCTS. Fayette is an agricultural county. According to the last census reports, corn is the predominant crop, followed next by wheat, oats and barley. Rye does not prove a profitable or successful crop. Large shipments of live stock, beef, mutton and pork, are made every Fall, while during the Winter a great exportation of dressed hogs is carried on. EDUCATIONAL. Latest reports show the number of district townships, 19; sub-districts, 150; independent districts, 16. Number of ungraded schools, 158; graded, l. Number of teachers employed-males, 82; females, 220. Average compensation- males, $32.50; females, $23.52 per month. Number of school houses, 155- frame, 133; brick, 11; stone, 7; log 4. Total value of school houses, $88,354; value of school apparatus, $720. COUNTY BUILDINGS. The construction of the first court house of this county, was begun in the Fall of 1856, and completed in 1857. It was 40x60 feet in size; two stories high, built of brick, and cost $8,000. It was destroyed by fire September 15, 1872. The present court house is built on the foundation that the old one occupied. Its construction was commenced in 1873; it was completed and accepted by the county commissioners, October 20, 1874. It is built of red brick, two stories high, and cost about $10,000; one-half of which amount was appropriated by the county; $3,000 paid by the citizens of West Union; and $2,000 realized from the debris of the old structure. It is well arranged inside, provided with fire-proof vaults, and furnished with fire and burglar-proof safes. The one in the treasurer's office is said to be the finest in the state. Fayette County has no jail. When one is required, offenders of the peace and dignity of the criminal code are sent to Clayton County. COUNTY INSTITUTIONS. In the Town of Center, the county owns a poor farm, consisting of two hundred and forty-six acres. It is situated six miles from the county seat-West Union. It is valued at $11,000. It is under the control of the county board of supervisors, and managed by Andrew Teets, Superintendent. At present its inmates number seventeen-nine males and eight females. The county formerly owned a poor farm of one hundred and forty-three acres in the Town of Illyria, for which it paid $2,000. It was deemed insufficient in size, sold, and the present one purchased. This county has one of the most successful agricultural societies in Iowa. It was organized in 1854, under the name of the Fayette County Agricultural Society and Mechanics Institute. Their grounds are situated about three-fourths of a mile from West Union, and are enclosed. In the enclosure is a beautiful spring which furnishes an abundant supply of pure water for all purposes. The present President is John S. Brewer; Secretary, J. J. Berkey. An Old Settlers Association was formed and the first meeting held January 1st, 1868. Its first officers were as follows; President, M. C. Sperry; Vice President, Aaron Brown; Recording Secretary, J. W. Rogers; Corresponding Secretary, C. R. Bent; Chaplain, Reverend John Webb; Treasurer, Reverend H. S. Brunson. Executive Committee; Thomas Kincaid, Palmer F. Newton and Horatio Warner. The society numbers one hundred and thirty-one members, and the present officers are: President, Thomas Kincaid; Vice President, P. L. Hinkley; Secretary, J. W. Rogers; Chaplain, Reverend John Webb; Executive Committee; M. C. Sperry, F. S. Palmer and Benjamin Dimond. COUNTY OFFICERS. The following named gentlemen are the officers for Fayette County at the present time; ALBERT SUTHERLAND, Auditor. JAMES STEWARD, Treasurer. BENJAMIN MORSE, Clerk of the Court. ROBERT W. McFARLAND, Recorder. HIRAM B. CAPWELL, Sheriff. WILLIAM W. QUIVEY, Sup't of School. CHARLES HOYT, Surveyor. LEWIS ARMSTRONG, Coroner. BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. FIELDING SNEDIGAR, HIRAM HOAGLAND, and PHILETUS. L. CHAMPLIN. EARLY HISTORY. The territory comprising Fayette County was divided, under direction of the government, by a line starting from a pointed post in Allamakee County, and running in a southwesterly direction across Illyria Township, and following near to the north line of Smithfield Township, thence southwesterly to the west line of the county. Land south of this line was open for settlement upon the ratification of the Black Hawk Purchase in 1833, while land north of this line, known as the Reserve, was in complete possession of the Winnebago Indians until their removal in 1848. The land south of this line was settled by that hardy, brave and honest class who make homes and pave the way for development-the pioneer band, the vanguard of civilization-kindling the fires, the light of which has guided thousands in the path of progress. The first cabin erected in this county was by an Indian trader named Culver, and is yet standing on the farm of Major D. B. Herriman, in Illyria Township. As near as can be ascertained, it was constructed in the Spring of 1841. There were other trading posts in the county at an early day, but this is thought to be the first. In the year 1842 Andrew Hensley came here, and two years after settled a claim in the town of Fairfield. He is entitled to the credit of making the first permanent settlement with his family. His settlement was followed at once by the Brooks family, who entered claims and began their permanent settlement. In 1848 Samuel Connor and Benjamin Dimond settled at Elgin; in 1949, William Wells, Jacob Ly Brand and J. W. Rogers, at West Union; also, in same year, Joshua Wells and Gabriel Long, near West Union; James B. Morris, B. and Hiram Earll, at Auburn; Thomas Woodle and Thomas B. Douglas, at the geographical center of the county. ORGANIZATION. During this period, above mentioned, Fayette was attached to Clayton County, but in 1850 it was organized, and the following named gentlemen filled the offices; County Judge, Thomas Woodle; County Clerk, J. W. Rogers; Sheriff, G. W. Neff; Recorder and Treasurer, G. A. Cook; County Commissioners; William Wells, Charles Sawyer and Jared Taylor; Clerk, C. M. Jones. The first Board of County Commissioners met August 26th, 1959, and their first act was to set off road districts. Judge Woodle held his first term of court October 7th, 1851. The first marriage license was granted October 22d, 1851. The first judge of the Second Judicial District to hold court here was T. S. Wilson, July 6th, 1852. The first suit was for divorce, at this term-William S. Kee vs. Jane Kee-and decree was granted. The first indictment found was also at this term of court. It was against Chauncy Leverich, for retailing spirituous liquors. The first attorney admitted by examination was Martin V. Burdick. The first term of the Circuit Court was held by Judge B. T. Hunt, April 12, 1869. WEST UNION. This flourishing town, the seat of justice of Fayette County, is situated on the line of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Minnesota Railway, over which road it holds commerce with Milwaukee, Chicago, and Eastern cities and points on the Mississippi River. It is surrounded by a very fertile and extensive farming country, and has tributary to it a populous and wealthy community. The principal streets run due north and south. The Court House Square, consisting of nearly four acres of elevated ground, is in the center of the town, while around this square the business houses are constructed. Within the last two years some very fine brick blocks have been erected. Prior to October 16th, 1872, West Union had no railway connection with Eastern markets, but since the completion of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Minnesota Railroad, the town has made rapid strides in business growth. The majority of business men have been engaged in business here for more than twenty years. There has not been a mercantile failure since 1860. EARLY HISTORY. In early years, 1848-9, West Union was known as "Knob Prairie," by reason of the rise of ground on which the court house now stands. The first letter ever received here was from Samuel Connor, by William Wells, directed to "Knob Prairie." An answer was returned to Mr. Connor, directed "Shin-bone Alley," which reached its destination at what is now Elgin. The town was laid out in the Autumn of 1849 by William Wells, Jacob LyBrand and J. W. Rogers. In the Spring of 1850 it was re-surveyed. The first house built on the town site was by J. W. Rogers in 1849, the second was by Daniel Cook in 1850. In 1850 the post office of West Union was established, and J. W. Rogers appointed post master. In this year P. F. Sturgis' and other families arrived and were added to the settlement, and the first election was held. The demands of the neighborhood necessitated the building of a school house, which was constructed of logs, and in dimensions was 16x24 feet. The first term of school was taught in the Winter of 1851-2, by J. S. Pence. On the roll appeared the names of Melissa Peck (nee Stafford), John and Rhoda Cook, and Matthew Wells, who yet reside here. In 1850 Daniel Cook opened the first dry goods, grocery and general supply store, and commenced the construction of the present West Union House. In 1851 William McClintock and wife, H. C. Lacy, J. H. and David Stafford, arrived here. The two latter bought the frame of the present West Union House, finished and furnished it according to the demands of that time, and opened the first hotel. In their office-which was less than the present in size- they opened a dry goods store, and it was used also as a boot and shoe shop, and as a tailor shop by Henry Wownenberg. In this year the first law suit was tried. It was a civil action before H. F. Smith, Esquire. A farmer by the name of Stansbury had sold some dressed hogs to Daniel Cook, and the latter sold one to Martin V. Burdick, he, in cutting it up, discovered a purulent spot in the neck. An action was commenced against Cook for selling diseased meat. His ignorance of the fact of the purulent spot being proven, no cause of action was the verdict. William McClintock appeared for the defense. This case created considerable excitement in the little settlement. In 1852 families continued to gather in, and one year later the town had become of such importance that a newspaper was established. October 21, 1854, John Gharky issued the first number of the Pioneer, a seven column democratic weekly journal. In 1855 the construction of the present steam flouring mill was begun by Redfield, Maxwell & Allen. It passed into the hands of Redfield, Stafford & Nash, and was by then completed in 1857. In 1856 the commencement of the construction of the court house, and the assurance it gave that this was to remain the county seat, encouraged the steady growth of the place. In 1857 came the great financial crash that blotted out the enterprise of so many new towns. Fortunately West Union had no bank of "wild-cat" or paper scrip, and the amount of it in circulation in this new village being very insignificant (gold and silver being almost exclusively used here), the continuous prosperity of the place was not materially affected. When the dark cloud of war overspread and threatened the dissolution of the Union, this little town was among the first to furnish men and money for its protection, and had we space a complete compilation of its military record could be made an interesting feature. The first from this county to yield his life in sacrifice for his country's honor was H. D. Norton, Company F. 3d Iowa Volunteers, at Blue Mills, Missouri, September 17, 1861. He was from Fayette. The first from West Union to suffer death in the glorious cause was brave A. G. M. Neff, First Lieutenant Company F 9th Iowa Volunteers, who was wounded March 7, 1862, at the battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, and died March 11, 1862. In the year 1862 the Pioneer was an ultra democratic or copperhead paper, and under Mr. Gharky, its editor, became so annoying and troublesome in its treatment of Union interests that a large delegation took possession of the office, broke the press, and emptied some of the type into the street. Its publication was renewed within a short time with all its former bitterness. West Union was incorporated as a city and its first municipal election was held April 26, 1866. The following named gentlemen were elected; Mayor, H. N. Hawkins; Recorder, I. F. Clark; Trustees, J. S. Sampson, Charles Chadwick, Henry Bickel, Myron Peck and James S. Wright. The first meeting of the Council was May 5, at which the following appointments were made; Marshal, J. J. Welsh; Treasurer, J. J. Berkly; Health Officer, W. A. Chase. At the election Mr. Hawkins was chosen to the mayoralty by one majority over S. S. Ainsworth. DRIVING PARK ASSOCIATION. West Union has a very successful organization of this name. It was organized May 2, 1874, and has a fine half-mile track, situated very conveniently to town. BANKS. The Fayette County Savings Bank, of West Union, is a very well organized institution, incorporated April 15, 1875. It has a capital of $50,000,and is officered as follows; S. B. Zeigler, President; Joseph Hobson, Vice President; and E. A. Whitney, Treasurer. July 20, 1872, the present Fayette County National Bank was organized here with a capital of $50,000 and surplus of $25,000. The following named gentlemen are the present officers; Joseph Hobson, President; S. B. Ziegler, Vice President; and E. A. Whitney, Cashier. It is one of the best managed banking organizations in the Northwest. RAILROAD. In the year 1872 the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Railway was completed, which has given an outlet, making West Union the principal market and shipping town of the county. Its substantial growth, so prudently begun by the highly intelligent and sagacious business men, it should feel proud of, is assured for the future, its business advantages, excellent society, and fine surroundings making it a very desirable location. [Some claim that William O'Rear built the first house in Fayette County, even prior to the Culver cabin, and that O'Rear settled this claim, built his house, broke quite a quantity of prairie land on what is now the Alexander place, Westfield township, in the year 1837.This statement is made by a very few early settlers, but a majority claim that Culver's was the first cabin erected. There are no facts by which to determine the precedence, so we give both to the public, but the historian is forced, after thorough investigations, to believe that at the Culver place the first cabin was erected, but that O'Rear was the first permanent settler. —FOSTER.]. The officers for 1875 are; Mayor, Henry Rickel; Recorder, P. L. Hinkley, Trustees, J. S. Sampson, John Cook, John Owens, George H. Thomas and Milo McGlathery; Marshal, W. E. Welsh. SHIPMENTS. The table of shipments over the line of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Railway, for 1874, are as follows; Wheat, 184,740 bushels; oats and barley, 12,800 bushels; live hogs, 2,970; dressed hogs, 28 car loads; wood, 32 car loads. COUNTY SEAT CONTESTS. By enactment of the Legislature the competing points named for the county seat were Centerville (at the geographical center of the county), Lightville (afterwards Lima, near Light's mill on Volga River), West Union, Auburn, and Claremont, (now Clearmont, and once called Norway.) This election was held the first Monday in April, 1851. Then the two points receiving the highest number of votes (West Union and Lightville) held an election on the first Monday in May, as the law required, and in this contest West Union was successful. By legislative enactment, commissioners were appointed who located the county seat on the southwest quarter of section 17, township 93, range 8- Westfield Township, in the Spring of 1853. The law also prescribed that a vote should be taken on the question of removal to the chosen location, which was done in August, 1853, and resulted in favor of retaining it at West Union. Another vote in April, 1860, ordered by the County Judge upon petition, resulted in favor of West Union. At another election in October, 1867, between Fayette and West Union, the latter was again victorious. In June, 1873, the county board was petitioned to submit the question. The names of a large number of petitioners were also upon a remonstrance; and for this reason a question of the legality of counting the names of the remonstrating signers upon the petition presented was raised, an injunction was served on the board restraining their counting these names as petitioners; this threw the matter into the courts and delayed the counting of the names until the time for submission had expired by statute, and West Union retains its position as the seat of justice of Fayette County. SCHOOLS. West Union has an excellent graded school in charge of a principal and four assistants. The building cost about $7,000. Latin, German, and higher mathematics are taught. In addition to this, S. S. Ainsworth, A.M., has a select school, where all the branches, including Latin, Greek, and higher mathematics are taught. He has a style of teaching peculiar to his own theory. The school is well patronized. THE PRESS. The West Union Gazette, the Republican paper of Fayette County, was first issued December 21, 1867, Shannon & Talmadge, publishers and proprietors, January 1, 1869, J. W. Shannon withdrew from the firm. C. H. Talmadge, the present proprietor, continuing its publication till August 19, 1870, when Judge J. W. Rogers was added to the firm. This partnership continued until November 8, 1872, when Mr. Talmadge again became sole publisher, and has continued in that position ever since. The Gazette has grown from a seven column sheet to a folio of nine columns to the page, and is printed on a power press. A first-class job office in connection. The circulation of the Gazette is about 1600 copies weekly, mostly in Fayette County. The Fayette County Union was established January 1, 1866, by William McClintock & Henry Rickel, Democratic in politics, and in size a five column folio. April 1, same year, it was enlarged to a seven column sheet. January 1, 1867, it became the property of Wood & Lacy. January 1, 1868, they changed its form to a five column quarto, and in July following, Lacey sold out his interest, and the firm became McClintock, Rickel & Wood, and continued such until July, 1869, when Rickel sold out, and McClintock & Wood continued until 1872, when it became the property of McClintock & Son, till July, 1873, when it passed into the hands of Frank McClintock & Weaver, and December 1, 1873, Frank McClintock bought Weaver's interest, and has since continued it as a weekly Democratic journal. Last July it was enlarged to a six column quarto, given a new dress, and a new power press was added to the office, which has first-class facilities for book and job printing. Circulation of the Union, 900. The West Union Weekly Times. This is an amateur journal printed weekly by L. T. Hobson, a lad fourteen years of age, at his own office. It is in the third year, and has a bona fide circulation of 160 copies. He has quite an assortment of job type, and conducts all departments in person with credit. His publication is as regular as a metropolitan journal. EARLY NEWSPAPERS. The Pioneer having been established as a Democratic organ, the strong Republican element here considered a public exponet of their faith necessary, and the Fayette Free Press made its first appearance, September 4, 1856, published by Badger & Myers; it expired in 1858. This was the first republican paper in the county. A Democratic journal, The Review, was purchased by J. W. Rogers, and converted into a republican newspaper, under the name of the National Era, in the Spring of 1861. He continued its publication until the time of his going into the army, when he sold to S. D. Helms, who afterwards sold it to Andy Felt, out of which he built the Public Record, which expired, and his administration was succeeded by present publications. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. The First Baptist Church of West Union, was organized October 23, 1852, at the house of Friend Dayton, under the direction of Elder Thomas Ritchie. On the 24th of the same month the first public service was held by this denomination-the membership then numbering ten persons. Its name was the First Regular Baptist Church of West Union, and its first pastor was Job Arnold. In the year 1853-4, their first house of worship was erected and dedicated. It was a frame structure, 20x26 feet, and stood on Walnut Street. It is now used as a house of worship by the Lutheran Church. In the year 1861, the society filed articles of incorporation. In the Spring of 1867, it commenced the erection of a new house of worship on the corner of Vine and Main Streets; size, 47x58 feet; built of brick; cost, $5,700. It was dedicated January 6, 1870. The present pastor is Reverend J. C. Douglass. The First Presbyterian Church of West Union, was organized on the 19th of June, 1867, by a committee appointed by the Presbytery of Dubuque, with a membership of fifteen. Present number of communicants, seventy-three. They have a church edifice erected at a cost of $5,000, including bell and church furniture. It was dedicated on the 21st of June, 1872. The first pastor is the present incumbent, Reverend J. W. Dickey. It is connected with the Presbytery of Dubuque, and Synod of Northern Iowa. The Methodist circuit was organized at the meeting held at the big rock in 1850, and the first services held in that year; Reverend George Clifford was pastor when this station was organized. The present church structure was erected in 1867, and dedicated January 8, 1868, at a cost of $8,000. The number of members is 165. The church is free from debt, and in a flourishing condition. Reverend J. R. Berry is the present pastor. Catholic. —This society was organized and church built in 1869, under the direction of Reverend P. F. Harrison. The present pastor is Reverend M. O'Carrol, of Clermont. The cost of the church and lot was about $2,500. It is 28x50 feet. The amount of subscription to its construction was made up by Protestants as well as Catholics. The committee that had charge of the building were—H. Wimler, J. Owens, Edward Fooley, and William Cannon. Scientific Society. —The West Union Scientific Association was organized in December, 1873. First Officers. —President, C. R. Bent; Vice President, H. Warner; Secretary, Frank McClintock; Treasurer, S. S. Ainsworth. It is a successful organization. FAYETTE. This town is well situated on a plat of ground nearly a mile square; bounded on the north and west by well-timbered bluffs, on the southwest, south and east by a high ridge of bluffs which serve to protect and guard it from the severe winds that sometimes, particularly in winter, sweep over the more exposed regions of northern Iowa. It is well laid out, the streets following very nearly the cardinal points of the compass. Main, the principal business street of the town; runs north and south. In railway connections it is supplied by the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad, of which it is the present northern terminus. It is thus placed in direct communication with 11 eastern markets. The surrounding country is beautiful in landscape and surface, and productive in soil, as the large shipping statistics to eastern markets elsewhere appearing will show. The Volga River winds its way through the edge of the town, and is a stream affording good water-power at various points. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In 1846 a man named Mullican made a claim here. In 1849 Robert Alexander bought it of him and sold it to Samuel H. and James E. Robertson, and on the land owned by Samuel H. Robertson, the village was originally platted in 1856. In 1850 a settlement was made about a mile distant, at what was known as Westfield; and in 1851 it was platted by Robert Alexander. He built a saw mill in Westfield in 1850. The town did not thrive, however, by reason of its central location and expectations of the county seat. Fayette grew rapidly for the first few years. In the year 1856 H. B. Budlong was appointed post master at Fayette, but the name remained Westfield. Great jealousy existed between Westfield and Fayette, the former being envious of its strong rival, which gave rise to considerable strife for the post office. It was moved back and forth several times, until Mr. Derby was appointed at Fayette in 1857, when further contests were given over by Westfield. The first store started at Westfield was in 1851 by Newton Axtell, and the first post master there was H. N. Sutton. The first store at Fayette was built by J. H. Maxon and J. A. Griffith in 1856. On the original plat, Samuel H. Robertson built the first frame house in 1852, yet one year earlier a frame house was built by Jas. E. Robertson, and is a part of the house in which he at present resides. The first hotel, the present Fayette House, was built by a stock company of $100 each; prior to this the house of Samuel H. Robertson was used as a hotel. In 1854 the first grist mill was built by Isaac and Leroy Templeton, at Westfield. The first newspaper at Fayette was the Fayette Journal, a republican sheet, with a Mr. Cook as editor. The first church edifice was built by the St. Paul's Episcopal Church in 1864, though there were church societies organized long before. The first Sabbath school had Jas. E. Robertson as superintendent. The first school house was built in 1852, and the first teacher was Louisa Newcomb. Among those that attended then as pupils who are yet living at or near Fayette, were Emaline Hulbert, nee Alexander, Caroline, Julia, and Eva Robertson, and James Osborne. INDIAN SCARE. In the year 1847, the people of this, then sparsely settled country, were greatly excited and alarmed by the murder of an Indian trader named Teegardner. Teegardner, a rather desperate character, had a quantity of whisky which the Indians wished to use too freely and he refused; a quarrel ensued in which he was killed, and his body and building destroyed by fire. The intelligence of this affray was conveyed to a neighbor by his daughter, about ten years of age, who escaped during the disturbance. The settlers feared a general massacre but no further demonstrations were made, and the affair was soon forgotten. It happened about a mile and a half from Fayette. UPPER IOWA UNIVERSITY. The educational wants of the community are supplied by the well conducted institution above named. The University building is handsomely located on prominent ground above the town; and is an imposing stone edifice three stories high, and cost, when material and labor were much cheaper than now, $32,000. It is said that the institution was first suggested by Mrs. Robert Alexander, and the suggestion finding much favor with Robert Alexander, her husband, he subscribed land to the value of $5,000. Samuel H. Robertson subscribed a similar amount, and James E. Robertson about $1,500. Through the indefatigable efforts of Reverend L. S. Ashbaugh, and Reverend H. S. Bronson, the enterprise was put in motion. The contract for building was let in 1855, and completed in 1856. At the time of organization, 1855, Reverend H. S. Bronson was President of the Board of Trustees; H. W. Reed, Secretary; and James E. Robertson, Treasurer. It was placed under the jurisdiction and patronage of the Upper Iowa Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was originally a seminary, but in the Fall of 1857, changed to a university. It is nearly out of debt, and very popular as an education institution both for its cheapness and thoroughness in tuition and training. NEWSPAPERS. The Fayette News is the only paper here. It came into the possession of the present proprietors, Burch & Scobey, August 5, 1874, and was first issued by them as an eight column sheet. September 23, following, it was enlarged to a nine column journal, and so continued. It is Republican in politics, has a circulation of 500 copies. CHURCHES. The first religious organization formed here was by the Methodists at the house of James E. Robertson, in December, 1849, under the influence of Reverend John Hindman. The membership numbered but five souls. Meetings were held at Mr. Robertson's house, and at the school house till the university was completed, since which time they have been held in the chapel. The first pastor was Reverend John Hindman, the present is Reverend S. W. Ingham. The first Congregational Church of Fayette was organized December 1, 1855, at the house of N. N. Sykes, with a membership of six persons. Services were held for a time at the place of organization, and afterwards at the stone school house, both outside of Fayette, and for the first time in the village at the old log school house in 1858. October 9, 1870, their present church building was dedicated. It cost $2,500. Present membership fifty-nine. First pastor, Reverend S. D. Helms. Present pastor, Reverend W. S. Potwin. The Episcopalian Society was organized, April 9, 1864, under the name of St. Paul's Parish. Their present building was completed in 1870, at a cost of about $3,500. The bell was a present from Jay Cooke, of Philadelphia. First rector, Reverend J. Rambo. Catholic. —The Catholics have an organization but no church structure in town, but are accommodated about four miles out. SHIPMENTS—1874. Wheat, 79,900; oats, 41,480; barley, 2,800; live hogs, 1,155; dressed hogs, 5 car loads; shelled corn, 10,080; sheep, 2,250; other live stock, 17 car loads. INCORPORATION. Under general law Fayette was incorporated as a town in 1874, and elected the following officers; Mayor, Charles Hoyt; Recorder, C. W. Sperry. Board of Trustees. —G. F. Lyman, E. R. W. Emmons, Elijah E. Gregory, A Fussel, and R. Gaynor. H. Barnes appointed Marshal. Officers for 1875. —Mayor, Charles Hoyt; Recorder C. W. Sperry; Marshal, O. Crisly. Board of Trustees. —G. F. Lyman, J. E. Robertson, C. E. Hulbert, R. Hunt, W. A. Hoyt. Fayette has a private banking establishment, conducted by Sperry & Davis. It was established in 1872, by D. C. and C. W. Sperry. In 1873, Mr. D. C. Sperry died, but the business was continued by C. W. Sperry, until January, 1875, when he sold a one-half interest to his present partner. CLERMONT. This flourishing village is well situated in the township of same name, on the Turkey River, and on the line of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Minnesota Railway. Where, twenty-eight years ago, stood the Indian encampment, stalked the timid deer, or skulked the cowardly wolf, and where night brought rest to our dusky cousins, and peace to all, with no sound to disturb their happy and contented possessions, the beautiful Village of Clermont now stands prosperous and thrifty, surrounded by the same hills that watch over this spot like mighty sentinels, to guard and protect it. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first to settle here was Andrew Moats, in the Spring of 1849. Prior to this Charles Delaplaine had made a claim here, which John Thompson, through the agency of E. D. Carleton, purchased and Andrew Moats held possession for him until the Indians were removed, when Thompson took possession. The log shanty in which the original claimant lived was situated between where the Brick City Mill now stands and the mouth of Dibble Creek. The first house built was by E. D. Carleton and Charles Sawyer, and stood about twenty rods east of the Brick City Mill. In the Spring of 1849, John Hendershot came and found only Andrew Moats. When the land came into market John Thompson secured large tracts on both sides of Turkey River, laid out the town, which was originally called Norway. The first frame building was erected by Frank Wood, and is yet standing and occupied by Mrs. Nancy Williams. The first brick made was by Ezra Dibble. In 1850, Edwin Stedman and wife were added to the settlement. In 1851, the contract was let for building a dam and erection of a saw mill. The contractors were Carleton & Sawyer. In this year the following constituted the families in what is now the Village of Clermont; Charles Sawyer, E. D. Carlton, Edwin Stedman, John Hendershot, Andrew Martin, and J. B. Huff. In this year, 1851, the first election was held. The polls were opened punctually at 9 o'clock A.M., and closed as promptly at 6 P.M. Election at the house of Charles Sawyer, whose coffee-pot was used as a ballot-box. It was set up on a shelf, and the nine worthies who that day exercised the greatest right of American citizenship, sported outside at a game of ball. At the election Charles Sawyer was chosen Town Clerk, and Edwin Stedman and J. B. Huff, Justices of the Peace. The first school in this town, and probably the first in the county, was taught by Mrs. Edwin Stedman, beginning October 15, 1850, in a building since used as a blacksmith shop, and lasting twelve weeks. She received twelve dollars for her services. In 1853, the first hotel was commenced by H. S. Brunson. It has since been enlarged and is at present a part of the Clermont House. In this year G. A. Appelman and family arrived. In 1854, Thompson & Carleton broke ground and commenced the construction of the Brick City Mill. In the same year the same firm opened the old white store, which afterward passed into the hands of Stowe & Stedman. This year there were sixteen voters in the township. In 1855, merchandising was carried on by Thompson & Carleton and blacksmithing by William Davis. In addition to this Dibble's brick yard was in operation, which comprised the business of the town. In 1856 the first grist was ground at the Brick City Mill. It started with three run of stone and now has five. In 1859, the town commenced a substantial growth. Many brick buildings were commenced and business increased. The brick block and Appelman's Hall were commenced in 1858, and completed in 1860. In this last named year the chief event was the attempt of the sub-contracting parties in the construction of the McGregor, St. Peter and Missouri River Railway, to extort from the President of the Company John Thompson, the amounts due them for services performed in the construction of parts of the road which had been left unsettled by the absconding of the Treasurer of the Company. They came from McGregor in force to Clermont, and threatened to undermine the mill if they were not promptly paid. Mr. Thompson was away from home, but the citizens turned out and resisted them, and without bloodshed they quit the town. They afterward got possession of Mr. Thompson, and held him in duress until he settled their entire claims. In 1858, the present house of worship of the Presbyterian Church was commenced, and in 1859 completed. The first pastor was Charles R. French. At present it is supplied by Reverend J. W. Dickey, of West Union, as pastor. The Catholic Church was built in 1859. First rector, Father Nagle; present, Father Martin Carrol. The Methodists made an organization at an early day under the influence of Reverend John Littlejohn and others. In 1870 they commenced; and in 1874 completed the construction of their present edifice. Their pastor at present is Reverend J. A. Ward. The Episcopalians have a very fine church structure which has been built at a cost of $8,000. The principal part of the building fund was contributed by Mrs. Frances Jones Vinton, of Providence, Rhode Island, and Jay Cooke. Reverend Jacob Rambo was the first rector, and the last Reverend Smith. The principal manufacturing interests of the town are the manufacture of flour and brick. The Brick City Mills turn out about 150 barrels every twenty- four hours. Excellent brick clay in any desired quantity can be found adjacent to the village, and makes a quality of brick as fine, if not superior, to the famous Milwaukee brick. Its general use in building up the town has given rise to the name, "The Brick City," by which Clermont is generally known. For 1874, the shipments were as follows; Wheat, 34,340 bushels; brick, 19 carloads; flour, 144 carloads; live stock, 34 carloads. THE PRESS OF CLERMONT. In the Fall of 1865, the Clermont Leader was established, conducted about a year by Judge Edmonds, and sold out to parties at West Union. In April, 1870, D. G. Goodrich started a monthly journal called the People's Paper. In April, 1871, it issued 6,000 copies as a weekly. In January, 1872, its actual circulation was 1,200 copies, and was in size an eight column sheet, both sides printed at the home office. Mr. Goodrich added a ten column Potter power press, enlarged the paper to a nine column sheet, and, in the Fall of 1872, sold a one-half interest to W. M. Newell. The firm continued as Goodrich & Newell till June 1, 1873, when it was changed to a stock company—The Clermont Printing Company—W. M. Newell, President; William Larabee, Treasurer; and D. G. Goodrich, Editor. January 1, 1875, it had a circulation of 1,763 copies. Terms, $2 per year. It has a complete book and job printing office. OTHER VILLAGES. AUBURN. —This is one of the oldest settlements of the county. At an early day it was a very important point, most prominent in 1856, of any in the county. In its early settlement it had every opportunity to outstrip the present populous City of West Union from which it is situated northwest six miles distant. Here the first manufacturing in the county was done. The first flour mill was built here, and we are informed that for a time people came from West Union to trade. At present it has a very fair retailing business, and numbers a population about 350. ELGIN. —This village, in Pleasant Valley Township, was settled at a very early day. It is situated on the Turkey River, which affords it very good water power for milling and manufacturing purposes. It is on the line of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Minnesota Railway. It is surrounded by a very good farming country and does a good retail business, and considerable in manufacturing. It has a population of about 300. BRUSH CREEK. —This is a very good business town of about 500 inhabitants, situated in Fairfield Township. It is surrounded by a very rich and productive agricultural country. It has a weekly newspaper which was established in April, 1874. It is edited by O. H. Osborn. The town is growing well and promises a continued prosperity. ELDORADO. —This is a village situated on the Turkey River in Dover Township. It has a fair representation of business interests, and being at the confluence of the north and south forks of the Turkey River could be made of importance as a manufacturing point. The population is about 300. MAYNARD. —This is a thriving village which sprung up on the building of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Minnesota Railway. It is a village of nearly 300 inhabitants and situated in Harlan Township. OELWEIN. —Like Maynard this town sprung up on the building of the railroad. It has made rapid progress in business and is a flourishing village of some 350 inhabitants. Bethel, Wilson's Grove, Wadena, Otsego, Waucoma, Windsor, Oran, Lima, Mill, Putnam, Scott Center, Seaton, Leo, Illyria, Old Mission, Richfield, Eden, and Brush Creek are post offices.