HISTORY: The History of Iowa -- The Judiciary From the A.T. Andreas Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa, 1875 ************************************************* Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm ************************************************* POLITICAL RECORD. -------------------- MICHIGAN TERRITORY The political organization of Iowa began in its attachment to Michigan Territory for judicial purposes by act of Congress, June 28, 1834, though at an earlier date one or two justices and post masters had been appointed in the territory. In September, 1834, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan erected two counties in what is now Iowa – Des Moines and Dubuque – the dividing line between them being at the foot of Rock Island. These counties were partially organized, with political and judicial machinery, under the territorial government of Michigan, Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, being Chief Justice of Des Moines County, and John King of Dubuque County. The judicial system at that time embraced also two associate justice, appointed by the Governor, in each county. FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATE. On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citizen of Dubuque, was elected a delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan Territory. On the 20th of April, 1836, he procured the passage of a bill by Congress establishing the Territory of Wisconsin, which became a law on the 4th of July following. Iowa was thenceforward included in the Territory of Wisconsin, till its organization into a separate territory, in 1838. WISCONSIN TERRITORY. The Territory of Wisconsin was organized by the appointment of Henry Dodge, Governor; John S. Horner, Secretary; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice; David Irwin and William C. Frazer, Associate Justices. On the 9th of September, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered a census to be taken of he territory; made an apportionment for members of the Legislature, and issued his proclamation calling an election. The census showed the population of the two counties west of the Mississippi to be 10,53l and the apportionment entitled these counties to nineteen members, six of the Council and thirteen of the House of Representatives. The election was held on the first Monday in October, 1836. The following were the members elected from the two counties west of the Mississippi: Council. – Dubuque County: John Fally, Thomas McCraney, Thomas McNIght. Des Moines County: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, Arthur B. Inghram. House. – Dubuque County: Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlin, Hosea T. Camp, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick Quigley. Des Moines County: Isaac Leffler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. Henry T. Baird was elected President of the council; Peter Hill Engle, Speaker of the House. The sessions of this legislature were as follows: Belmont, Wisconsin Territory, October 25, 1836. Adjourned December 9, 1836. Burlington, Wisconsin Territory, November 10, 1837. Adjourned January 20, 1838. Burlington, Wisconsin Territory, June 1, 1838. Adjourned June 12, 1838. IOWA TERRITORY The act of Congress establishing Iowa as a separate territory, was approved June 12, 1838, and took effect on the 4th of July following. It provided for the appointment of a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and United States Attorney and Marshal, who should serve four years. The territory was divided into three Judicial Districts, each judge being required to live and hold court in his own district. The organic act also provided for a Legislative Assembly, consisting of thirty-nine members, thirteen of the Council and twenty-six of the House of Representatives. The Judicial Districts apportioned by the first Territorial Legislature, in 1838, were as follows; First District--Lee, Van Buren, Henry and Des Moines Counties— CHARLES MASON, Judge. Second District--Louisa, Washington, Johnson, Cedar and Muscatine Counties—JOSEPH WILLIAMS, Judge. Third District--Jackson, Dubuque, Scott and Clayton Counties-- THOMAS S. WILSON, Judge. In the territorial courts, Charles Mason held the office of Chief Justice. In each of the Judicial Districts, the office of District Attorney was created, whose duty it was to attend to the civil and criminal business for the territory and of the counties in his district. This officer, and also the Sheriff and Territorial Treasurer, were appointed by the Governor, with the concurrence of the Council, and held their offices three years. TERRITORIAL OFFICERS Governors.—Robert Lucas, appointed in 1838; John Chambers, appointed in 1841; James Clarke, appointed in 1845. Secretaries.---William B. Conway, appointed in 1838---died in office in 1839; James Clarke, appointed in 1839; O.H.W. Stull, appointed in 1841; Samuel J. Burr, appointed in 1843; Jesse Williams, appointed in 1845. Auditors.---Office created January 7, 1840; Jesse Williams, appointed January 14, 1840; William L. Gilbert, appointed January 23, 1843---re- appointed February 27, 1844; Robert M. Secrest, appointed in 1845. Treasurers.---Office created February 23, 1839; Thornton Bayliss, appointed January 23, 1839; Morgan Reno, appointed in 1840. Territorial Agents.---Office created January 14, 1841; Jesse Williams, appointed January 15, 1841; John M. Colman, appointed in 1842---re-appointed February 15, 1843. February 12, 1844; Anson Hart appointed in 1844 or 1845. Office abolished May 29, 1845. Superintendent of Public Instruction.---Office created February 12, 1841; William Reynold, appointed in 1841. Office abolished March 18, 1842. Capital Commissioners.---Appointed under the act of January 21, 1839, to locate the seat of government at Iowa City; Chauncey Swan, appointed February 20, 1839; John Reynolds, appointed February 20, 1839; Robert Ralston, appointed February 20, 1839. Legislated out of office January 14, 1841. Delegates in Congress.---William W. Chapman, XXXV and XXXVI Congress; Augustus C. Dodge, XXXVII, XXXVIII and XXXIX Congress. Francis Gehon was elected in 1839, but did not act as delegate. On the 3d of March, 1839, Congress passed an act relating to Iowa Territory, which, among other things, contained the provision that the delegate from Iowa (William W. Chapman) should hold his seat till the 11th day of October, 1840, and that the next representative after the expiration of Mr. Chapman's term should only hold his seat till the 4th of March following, after which the term should be two years, the same as other members of Congress. FIRST LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Convened at Burlington, November 12, 1838. Adjourned January 25, 1839. Council. ---Jesse B. Browne, Lee County; J. Keith, E.A.M. Swazy, Van Buren County; Arthur Inghram, Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Des Moines County; Jesse J. Payne, D.B. Hughes, Henry County; James M. Clark, Muscatine, Louisa and Slaughter Counties; Charles Whittlesey. Cedar, Johnston, Jones and Linn Counties; Jonathan W. Parker, Scott and Clinton Counties; Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead, Dubuque, Jackson and Clayton Counties. Jesse B. Browne, President, elected November 13, 1838. B.F. Wallace, Secretary, elected November 13, 1838. House. ---William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James Brierly, Lee County; James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, Van Buren County; James W. Grimes, George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler, Des Moines County; William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, Henry County; John Frierson, William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S.C. Hastings, Muscatine, Louisa and Slaughter Counties; Robert G. Roberts, Cedar, Johnson, Jones and Linn Counties; Laurel Summers, Jabez A. Burchard, jun., Scott and Clinton Counties; Chauney Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas Cox, Hardin Nowlin, Dubuque, Jackson and Clayton Counties. William H. Wallace, Speaker, elected November 13, 1838. Joseph T. Fales, Chief Clerk, elected November 13, 1838. SECOND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Convened at Burlington, November 4, 1839. Adjourned January 17, 1840. Council. --Jesse B. Browne, Lee County; J. Keith, E.A.M. Swazy, Van Buren County; Arthur Inghram, Robert Rolston, George Hepner, Des Moines County; Jesse D. Payne, L.B. Hughes, Henry County; James M. Clark, Muscatine, Louise and Slaughter Counties; Charles Whittlesey, Cedar, Linn, Jones and Johnson Counties, Jonathan W. Parker, Scott and Clinton Counties; Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead, Dubuque, Jackson and Clayton Counties. Stephen Hempstead, President, elected November 7, 1839. B.F. Wallace, Secretary, elected November 5, 1839. House. —William Patterson, Edward Johnston, Alfred Rich, Joshua Owen, Lee County, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Uriah Briggs, Van Buren County; William R. Ross, Shepherd Leffler, I.N. English, Isaac Fleenor, Joseph C. Hawkins, Des Moines County; William G. Coop, Jacob L. Myers, John B. Lash, Henry and Jefferson Counties; S. C. Hastings, T.T. Clark, Muscatine and Johnson Counties; Daniel Brewer, Jacob Mintun, Louise and Washington Counties; George II. Walworth, Cedar Jones and Linn Counties; Laurel Summers, Joseph M. Robertson, Scott and Clinton Counties; Thomas Cox, Jackson County; Edward Langworthy, Loring Wheeler, George Churchman, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. Edward Johnston, Speaker, elected November 4, 1839. Joseph T. Fales, Chief Clerk, elected November 4, 1839. EXTRA SESSION An extra session of the Second Legislative Assembly was held at Burlington, July 14, 1840 pursuant to an act of the previous session, approved January 11, 1840. The census showing that the population of Iowa was 43,114, the Governor thought proper to convene the Assembly for the purpose of making a new apportionment of its members, which was accordingly made as follows: Lee County, 2 members of the Council, 3 of the House. Van Buren County, 2 members of the Council, 3 of the House. Des Moines County, 1 member of the Council, 5 of the House, Henry County, 1 member of the Council, 3 of the House, Jefferson County, 1 member of the Council, 1 of the House, Washington and Louisa Counties, 1 member of the Council, 2 of the House, Muscatine and Johnson Counties, 1 member of the Council, 2 of the House, Cedar, Linn and Jones Counties, 1 member of the Council, 2 of the House. Scott and Clinton Counties, 1 member of the Council, 2 of the House. Dubuque, Jackson, Delaware and Clayton Counties, 2 members of the Council, 3 of the House. THIRD LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Convened at Burlington November 2, 1840. Adjourned January 15,1841 Council. —Jesse B. Browne, Edward Johnston, Lee County; James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Van Buren County; J.C. Hawkins, Des Moines County; William H. Wallace, Henry County; William G. Coop, Jefferson County; Francis Springer, Louisa and Washington Counties; S.C. Hastings, Muscatine and Johnson Counties; George Greene, Cedar, Jones and Linn Counties; Jonathan W. Parker, Scott and Clinton Counties; M. Bainbridge, Joseph S. Kirkpatrick, Jackson, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. M. Bainbridge, President, elected November 3, 1840. B.F. Wallace, Secretary, elected November 3, 1840. House. —James Brierly, Daniel F. Miller, John Box, Lee County; Isaac N. Lewis, John Whitaker, William Steele, Van Buren County; Shepherd Leffler, Milton D. Browning. Alfred Hebard, Robert Avery, David Hendershott, Des Moines County; John B. Lash, Asbury B. Porter, Paton Wilson, Henry County; Alexander A. Wilson, Jefferson County; William L. Toole, Louisa County; Simon P. Teeple, Washington County; Thomas M. Isett, Muscatine County; Henry Fenkner, Johnson County; George H. Walworth, Harmon Van Antwerp, Cedar, Jones and Linn Counties; Laurel Summers, Joseph M. Robertson, Scott and Clinton Counties; Thomas Cox, Jackson County; Edward Langworthy, Timothy Mason, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. Thomas Cox, Speaker, Elected November 3, 1840. Joseph T. Fales, Chief Clerk, elected November 3, 1840. FOURTH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Convened at Iowa City, December 6, 1841. Adjourned February 18, 1842. Council. —Jesse B. Browne, Edward Johnston, Lee County; James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Van Buren County; Shepherd Leffler (elected to fill a vacancy), Des Moines County; William H. Wallace, Henry County; William G. Coop, Jefferson County; Francis Springer, Louisa and Washington Counties; S. Clinton Hastings, Muscatine and Johnson Counties; George Greene, Cedar, Jones and Linn Counties; Jonathan W. Parker, Scott and Clinton Counties; M. Bainbridge, Joseph S. Kirkpatrick, Jackson, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. Jonathan W. Parker, President, elected December 7, 1841. J.W. Woods, Secretary, elected December 7, 1841. House. —William Patterson, E.S. McCulloch, Henry S. Campbell, Lee County; John M. Whitaker, Uriah Briggs, Oliver Weld, Van Buren County; Alfred Hebard, Issac Leffler, David E. Blair, George Hepner, James D. Morgan, Des Moines County; Asbury B. Porter, Paton Wilson, Simon Smead, Henry County; Richard Quinton, Jefferson County; William I. Toole, Louisa County; Thomas Baker, Washington County; Samuel Holliday, Muscatine County; Henry Felkner, Johnson County; Samuel P. Higginson, Thomas Denson, Cedar, Jones and Linn Counties; Joseph M. Robertson, James Grant, Scott and Clinton Counties; James K. Morse, Jackson County; Warner Lewis, C.H. Booth, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. Warner Lewis, Speaker, elected December 7, 1841. Joseph T. Fales, Chief Clerk, elected December 7, 1841. FIFTH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Convened at Iowa City, December 5, 1842. Adjourned February 17, 1843. Council. —William Patterson, Robert M.G. Patterson, Lee County; John D. Elbert, James H. Jenkins, Van Buren County; Shepherd Leffler, Des Moines County; William H. Wallace, Henry County; Joseph B. Teas, Jefferson County; Francis Springer, Louisa and Washington Counties; Pleasant Harris, Muscatine and Johnson Counties; John P. Cook, Cedar, Jones and Linn Counties; Robert Christie, Scott and Clinton Counties; Thomas Cox, Francis Gehon, Jackson, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. John D. Elbert, President, elected December 7, 1842 Joseph T. Fales, Secretary, elected December 7, 1842. House. —James Brierly, E.S. McCulloch, William Steele, Lee County; Isaac N. Lewis, Rickey D. Barton, Samuel Swearingen, Van Buren County; David E. Blair, George Hepner, James M. Morgan, Abner Hackelman, David J. Sales, Des Moines County; Paton Wilson, Evan Jay, Thomas McMillan, Henry County; John W. Culbertson, Jefferson County; Joseph Newell, Louisa County; David Bunker, Washington County; Err Thornton, Muscatine County; Henry Felkner, Johnston County; George H. Walworth, John C. Berry, Cedar and Jones Counties; Joseph M. Robertson, Scott County; Eli Goddard, Clinton County; Ansel Briggs, Jackson County; Thomas Rogers, Frederick Andros, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. James M. Morgan, Speaker, elected December 6, 1842. B.F. Wallace, Chief Clerk, elected December 6, 1842. SIXTH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Convened at Iowa City, December 4, 1843. Adjourned February 16, 1844. Council. —William Patterson, Robert M.G. Patterson, Lee County; John D. Elbert, James H. Jenkins, Van Buren County; Shepherd Leffler, Des Moines County; William H. Wallace, Henry County, Joseph P. Teas, Jefferson County; Francis Springer, Louisa and Washington Counties; Pleasant Harris, Muscatine and Johnson Counties; John P. Cook, Cedar, Jones and Linn Counties; Robert Christie, Scott and Clinton Counties; Thomas Cox, Francis Gehon, Jackson, Dubuque and Clayton Counties. Thomas Cox, President, elected January 11, 1844 on the 41st ballot, Francis Springer acting as President, pro tem, untill that time. B.F. Wallace, Secretary, elected December 7, 1843. House. —James Brierly, William Steele, Joseph Roberts, Lee County; Josiah H. Bonney, Samuel Borland, James M. Wray, Van Buren County, Alfred Hebard, Abner Hackleman, James W. Grimes, John Johnson, John D. Wright, Des Moines County, Paton Wilson, Hamilton Robb, William Thompson, Henry County; John W. Culbertson, Jefferson County, George W. McCleary, Louisa County; Thomas Baker, Washington County; Edward E. Fay, Muscatine County; James P. Carleton, Johnson County; George H. Walworth, Robert Smythe, Cedar County; Gilbert C.R. Mitchell, Scott County; John Bropley, Clinton County; John Foley, Jackson County; Thomas Rogers, Hardin Nowlin, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. James P. Carleton, Speaker, elected December 5, 1843. Joseph T. Fales, Chief Clerk, elected December 5, 1843. An extra session of this Assembly was held at Iowa City June 16, 1844, pursuant to an act of the previous session, approved February 15, 1844. FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Convened at Iowa City, October 7, 1844. Adjourned November 1, 1844 Lee County: Charles Staley, Alexander Kerr, David Galland, Calvin J. Price, James Marsh, John Thompson, Henry Robinson, John D. Wright, Shepherd Leffler, Andrew Hooton, Enos Lowe, John Ripley, George Hepner. Van Buren County: Elisha Cutler, Jr., John Davidson, Paul Brattain, David Ferguson, Gideon S. Bailey, John Hale, Jr., Thomas Charlton. Jefferson County: Robert Brown, Hardin Butler, Sulifand S. Ross, James I. Murray, Samuel Whitmore. Henry County: Joseph C. Hawkins, George Hobson, John H. Randolph, Jonathan C. Hall, Joseph D. Hoag. Washington County: Wm. R. Harrison, Enoch Ross, Caleb B. Campbell, Louisa County; John Brookbank, Wm. I. Toole, Wright Williams. Muscatine County: Jonathan E. Fletcher, Ralph P. Lowe, Elijah Sells. Johnson County: Robert Lucas, Samuel H. McCrory, Henry Felkner. Linn County: Thomas J. McKean, Samuel W. Durham, Luman M. Strong. Cedar County: Samuel A. Bissell, James H. Gower. Scott County: James Grant, Andrew W. Campbell, Ebenezer Cook. Clinton County: Lyman Evans, Ralph R. Benedict. Jones County: John Taylor Jackson County: Joseph S. Kirkpatrick, William Morden, Richard B. Wyckoff. Wapello County: William H. Galbraith, William W. Chapman. Davis County: J.C. Blankinship, Samuel W. McAtee. Keokuk County: Richard Quinton. Mahaska County: Van B. Delashmutt, Stephen B. Shelledy. Dubuque, Delaware, Black Hawk and Fayette Counties: Francis Gehon, Edward Langworthy, Theophilus Crawford, Stephen Hempstead, Samuel B. Olmstead, Michael O'Brien. Shepherd Leffler elected President October 7. George S. Hampton elected Secretary October 7. The constitution adopted by this convention was rejected by the people at an election held on the 4th day of August, 1845, there being 7,235 votes cast "for the constitution," and 7,656 votes cast "against the constitution." SEVENTH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Convened at Iowa City, May 5, 1845. Adjourned June 11, 1845. Council. –James Brierly, John Thompson, Lee County; Paul Brattain, Henry M. Shelby, Van Buren, Davis and Appanoose Counties; Shepherd Leffler, Des Moines County; John Stephenson, Henry County; William G. Coop, Jefferson, Wapello and Monroe Counties; Enoch Ross, Louisa, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska Counties; S. Clinton Hastings, Muscatine and Johnson Counties; William Abbe, Cedar, Linn and Jones Counties; Laurel Summers, Scott and Clinton Counties; Stephen Hempstead, Philip B. Bradley, Dubuque, Jackson, Delaware and Clayton Counties. S. Clinton Hastings, President, elected May 7, 1845. John F. Kinney, Secretary, elected May 7, 1845. House. --Jacob Hunter, Charles Stewart, James Anderson, Lee County; Frederick Hancock, George Montague, George W. Lester, Van Buren County; James M. Morgan, John Johnson, Ebenezer W. Davis, George Chandler, Richard Noble, Des Moines County; Norton Munger, Samuel D. Woodworth, Charles Clifton, Henry County; Reuben R. Harper, Jefferson, Wapello and Monroe Counties; George W. McCleary, Louisa County; Stephen B. Shelledy, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska Counties; Abraham T. Banks, Muscatine County; Hugh D. Downey, Johnson County; Joseph K. Snyder, John Taylor, Cedar, Linn and Jones Counties; Joseph M. Robertson, Scott County; Shuball Coy, Clinton County; James Leonard, Jackson County; David S. Wilson, Samuel Murdock, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. James M. Morgan, Speaker, elected May 6, 1845. William Thompson, Chief Clerk, elected May 6, 1845. EIGHTH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Convened at Iowa City, December 1, 1845. Adjourned January 19, 1846. Council. —James Brierly, John Thompson, Lee County; Paul Brattain, Henry M. Shelby, Can Buren, Davis and Appanoose Counties; Shepherd Leffler, Des Moines County; John Stephenson, Henry County; William G. Coop, Jefferson, Wapello and Monroe Counties; Enoch Ross, Louisa, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska Counties; S. Clinton Hastings, Muscatine and Johnson Counties; William Abbe, Cedar, Linn and Jones Counties; Laurel Summers, Scott and Clinton Counties; Stephen Hempstead, Philip B. Bradley, Jackson, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. Stephen Hempstead, President, elected December 3, 1845. John F. Kinney, Secretary, elected December 3, 1845. House. —Jacob Hunter, William Patterson, Jesse B. Browne, Lee County; Frederick Hancock, George W. Lester, David Ferguson, Van Buren County; James M. Morgan, John D. Wright, John Ripley, Archibald McMichael, Joshua Holland, Des Moines County; Norton Munger, Samuel D. Woodworth, Charles Clifton, Henry County; Joseph Flink, Jefferson, Wapello and Monroe Counties; Stephen B. Shelledy, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska Counties; Abraham T. Banks, Muscatine County; Hugh D. Downey. Johnson County; Joseph K. Snyder, John Taylor, Cedar, Linn and Jones Counties; Joseph M. Robertson, Scott County; Shuball Coy, Clinton County; Thomas Graham, Jackson County; David S. Wilson, Samuel Murdock, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton Counties. George W. McCleary, Speaker, elected December 2, 1845. William Thompson, Chief Clerk, elected December 2, 1845. SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Convened at Iowa City, May 4, 1846. Adjourned May 19, 1846. Members. —David Galland, Josiah Kent, George Berry, Lee County; Enos Lowe, Shepherd Leffler, George W. Bowie, Des Moines County; Thomas Dibble, Erastus Hoskins, William Steele, Van Buren County; Sullifand S. Ross, William G. Coop, Jefferson County, George Hobson, Alvin Saunders, Henry County; John J. Selman, Davis County; Wareham G. Clark, Appanoose and Monroe Counties; Joseph H. Hedrick, Wapello County; John Conrey, Iowa, Marion, Polk and Jasper Counties; Stephen B. Shelladay, Mahaska County; Sanford Harned, Keokuk County; Stewart Goodrell, Washington County; John Ronalds, Louisa County; J. Scott Richman, Muscatine County; Curtis Bates, Johnson County; Socrates H. Tryon, Linn and Benton Counties, Samuel A. Bissell, Cedar County; James Grant, Scott County; Henry P. Haun, Clinton County; William Hubbell, Jackson County; Sylvester G. Matson, Jones County; David Olmstead, Clayton County; Thomas McCraney, Francis O'Farrall, Dubuque, Buchannan, Fayette and Black Hawk Counties. Enos Lowe, President, elected May 4, 1846. William Thompson, Secretary, elected May 4, 1846. The constitution adopted by this convention was sanctioned by the people at an election held on the 3rd day of August 1846, their being 9,492 votes cast "for the constitution" and 9,036 votes cast "against the constitution." This constitution was presented to Congress in December, 1846, and on the 28th of the same month an act was passed for the admission of Iowa into the Union. The first election for state officers was held on the 26th day of October, 1846, pursuant to proclamation of Governor James Clark when Ansel Briggs was elected Governor, Elisha Cutler Jr., Secretary of State, Joseph T. Fales, Auditor and Morgan Reno, Treasurer. OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. GOVERNORS. Ansel Briggs, Jackson County; elected October 26, 1846; oath of office administered December 3, by Chief Justice Mason. Stephen Hempstead, Dubuque County; elected August 5, 1850; oath of office administered December 4, by Chief Justice Williams. James W. Grimes, Des Moines County; elected August 3, 1854; oath of office administered December 9, 1854. By Maturin L. Fisher, President of the Joint Convention. Ralph P. Lowe, Lee County; elected October 13, 1857; oath of office administered January 14, 1858, by Chief Justice Wright. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Johnson County; elected October 11, 1859; oath of office administered January 11, 1860, by Chief Justice Wright. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Johnson County; re-elected October 8, 1861; oath of office administered January 15, 1862 by Chief Justice Baldwin. William M. Stone, Marion County; elected October 13, 1863; oath of office administered January 14, 1864, by Chief Justice Wright. William M. Stone, Marion County; re-elected October 10, 1865; oath of office administered January 11, 1866, by Lieut. Governor Eastman. Samuel Merrill, Clayton County; elected October 8, 1867. Cyrus C. Carpenter, elected October 10, 1871, inaugurated January 11, 1872; re-elected October 14, 1873, inaugurated January 27, 1874. LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS. Office created September 3, 1857, by the New Constitution. Oran Faville, Mitchell County; elected October 13, 1857; qualified January 14, 1858. Nicholas J. Rusch, Scott County; elected October 11, 1859; qualified January 11, 1860. John R. Needhan, Mahaska County; elected October 8, 1861; qualified January 14, 1862. Enoch W. Eastman, Hardin County; elected October 13, 1863; qualified January 14, 1864. Benjamin F. Gue, Webster County; elected October 10, 1865; qualified January 11, 1866. John Scott, Story County; elected October 8, 1867. M.M. Walden, elected October 12, 1869; qualified January 13, 1870. H.C. Bulis, elected October 10, 1871; qualified January 11, 1872. Joseph Dysart, elected October 14, 1873; qualified January 27, 1874. SECRETARIES OF STATE. Elisha Cutler, Jr., Van Buren County; elected October 26, 1846; qualified December 5. Josiah H. Bonney, Van Buren County; elected August 7, 1848; qualified December 4. George W. McCleary, Johnson County; elected August 5, 1850; qualified December 2. George W. McCleary, Johnson County; re-elected August 2, 1852; bond approved December 4. George W. McCleary, Johnson County; re-elected August 7, 1854; qualified December 4. Elijah Sells, Muscatine County, elected August 4, 1856; qualified December 1. Elijah Sells, Muscatine County, re-elected October 12, 1858; second term commenced January 3, 1859. Elijah Sells, Muscatine County, re-elected November 6, 1860; third term commenced January 7, 1861. James Wright, Delaware County, elected October 14, 1862; term of office commenced January 5, 1863. James Wright, Delaware County, re-elected November 8, 1864; second term commenced January 2, 1865. Ed Wright, Cedar County, elected October 9, 1866; term of office commenced January 7, 1867. Josiah Young, elected November 5, 1872, sworn into office January 6, 1873: re-elected October 13, 1874; qualified January 4, 1875. AUDITORS OF STATE Joseph T. Fales, Des Moines County; elected October 26, 1846; qualified December 4. Joseph T. Fales, Des Moines County; re-elected August 7, 1848; bond approved March 5, 1849. William Pattee, Bremer County; elected August 5, 1850, bond approved December 2. William Pattee, Bremer County; re-elected August 2, 1852; bond approved December 8, Andrew J. Stevens, Polk County; elected August 7, 1854; qualified December 4; resigned in 1855. John Pattee, Bremer County; appointed by the Governor September 13, 1855; bond approved September 22. John Pattee, Bremer County; elected August 4, 1856; qualified December 2. Jonathan W. Cattell, Cedar County; elected October 12, 1858; term of office commenced January 3, 1859. Jonathan W. Cattell, Cedar County; re-elected November 6, 1860; second term commenced January 7, 1861. Jonathan W. Cattell, Cedar County; re-elected October 14, 1862; third term commenced January 5, 1863. John A. Elliott, Mitchell County; elected November 8, 1864; term of office commenced January 2, 1865. John A. Elliott, Mitchell County; re-elected October 6, 1866; second term commenced January 7, 1867. John Russell, elected October 11, 1870; qualified January 2, 1871; re- elected November 5, 1872. Buren R. Sherman, elected October 13, 1874; term of two years. TREASURERS OF STATE Morgan Reno, Johnson County; elected October 26, 1846; qualified December 18. Morgan Reno, Johnson County; re-elected August 7, 1848; bond approved January 11, 1849. Israel Kister, Davis County; elected August 5, 1850; qualified December 2. Martin L. Morris, Polk County; elected August 2, 1852; qualified December 4. Martin L. Morris, Polk County; re-elected August 7, 1854; qualified December 4. Martin L. Morris, Polk County; re-elected August 4, 1856, qualified December 1. John W. Jones, Hardin County; elected October 12, 1858; term of office commenced January 3, 1859. John W. Jones, Hardin County; re-elected November 6, 1860; second term commenced January 7, 1861. William H. Holmes, Jones County; elected October 8, 1862; term of office commenced January 5, 1863. William H. Holmes, Jones County; re-elected November 8, 1864; second term commenced January 2, 1865. Samuel E. Rankin, Washington County; elected October 9, 1866; term of office commenced January 7, 1867. William Christy, elected November 5, 1872; qualified January 6, 1873; re-elected October 13, 1874; qualified January 4, 1875; term two years. SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. OFFICE CREATED IN 1847. James Harlan, Henry County; elected April 5, 1847; qualified June 5. The Supreme Court decided (July term, 1847), that the law creating the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, had not gone into effect when this election was held. A second election was accordingly held the following year. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., Dubuque County; elected April 3, 1848; qualified May 23. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., Dubuque County; re-elected April 7, 1851; bond approved July 25. James D. Eads, Lee County; elected April 4, 1854; bond approved June 7, suspended March 3, 1857. Joseph S. Stone, Johnson County; appointed by the Governor and qualified March 4, 1857. Maturin L. Fisher, Clayton County; elected April 1, 1857; qualified June 9. Office abolished by the act creating the Board of Education, passed December 24, 1858, the duties of the office to be performed by the Secretary of the Board. SECRETARIES OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION. Office created December 24, 1847. Josiah T. Tubby, Polk County; acting as Secretary of the Board during the session which commenced December 6, 1858, and continuing after its adjournment as acting Secretary of the Board of Education, under resolution of December 24, until the Secretary elected by the Board should qualify. Mr. Tubby qualified December 29, Thomas H. Benton, Jr., Pottawattamie County; elected by the Board of Education, December 21, 1858; qualified January 14, 1859. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., Pottawattamie County; re-elected December 21, 1859. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., Pottawattamie County; re-elected December 6, 1861; resigned in 1863. Oran Faville, Mitchell County; appointed by the Governor and qualified January 1, 1864. Office abolished March 23, 1864, and duties devolved on Superintendent of Public Instruction. SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Office again created March 23, 1864. Oran Faville, Mitchell County; elected by the General Assembly, March 26, 1864; qualified March 28. Oran Faville, Mitchell County; re-elected by the people, October 10, 1865; second term commenced January 1, 1866. Resigned March 1, 1867. D. Franklin Wells, Johnson County; appointed by the Governor, March 4, 1867; qualified March 9; elected by the people October 8, 1867, for the balance of the term. D. Franklin Wells, Johnson County; re-elected October 8, 1867; new term commenced January 1, 1868. A.S. Kissell, elected October 12, 1869; qualified first Monday of January, 1870. Alonzo Abernethy, elected October 10, 1871; qualified first Monday of January, 1872; re-elected October 14, 1873; qualified first Monday of January, 1874. REGISTERS OF THE STATE LAND OFFICE. Anson Hart, Johnson County; elected April 2, 1855; bond approved May 5. Theodore S. Parvin, Muscatine County; elected April 6, 1867; qualified May 13. Amos B. Miller, Cerro Gordo County; elected October 12, 1858; term of office commenced January 3, 1859. Amos B. Miller, Cerro Gordo County; re-elected November 6, 1860; second term commenced January 7, 1861. Appointed Captain Company B, Thirty-second Iowa Infantry, October 6, 1862. Edwin Mitchell, Polk County; appointed by the Governor, October, 1862; qualified October 31. Josiah A. Harvey, Fremont County; elected October 14, 1862; term of office commenced January 5, 1863. Josiah A. Harvey, Fremont County; re-elected November 8, 1864; second term commenced January 2, 1865. Cyrus C. Carpenter, Webster County; elected October 9, 1866; term of office commenced January 7, 1867. Aaron Brown, elected October 11, 1870; qualified first Monday of January, 1871; re-elected November 5, 1872; qualified first Monday of January 1873. David Secor, elected October 13, 1874; qualified first Monday of January, 1875. STATE PRINTERS. Office created January 3, 1849. Garrett D. Palmer and George Paul, Johnson County; elected January 4, 1849; term commenced May 1. Harrison Holt and Andrew Keesecker, Dubuque County; elected February 4, 1851; declined. William H. Merritt, Dubuque County; appointed by Governor April 12, 1851; term of office commenced May 1, 1851. William A. Hornish, Lee County; elected January 20, 1853; term commenced May 1; resignation accepted May 16. Dennis A. Mahoney and Joseph B. Dorr, Dubuque County; appointed May 16, 1853; qualified May 23. Peter Moriarty, Jackson County; elected January 20, 1855; term of office commenced May 1. John Teesdale, Johnson County; elected January 12, 1857; term commenced May 1. John Teesdale, Johnson County; re-elected January 26, 1858; second term commenced May 1, 1859. Francis W. Palmer, Dubuque County; elected January 25, 1860; term of office commenced May 1, 1861. Francis W. Palmer, Dubuque County; re-elected January 27, 1862; second term commenced May 1, 1863. Francis W. Palmer, Dubuque County; re-elected January 16, 1864; third term commenced May 1, 1865. Francis W. Palmer, Dubuque County; re-elected March 10, 1866; fourth term commenced May 1, 1867. Frank M. Mills, elected January 18, 1868; qualified March 22, 1869. G.W. Edwards, elected March 18, 1870; qualified March 26, 1870. R.P. Clarkson, elected January 24, 1872; qualified January, 1872; re- elected March 18, 1874; qualified April 29, 1875. STATE BINDERS. Office created February 21, 1855. William M. Coles, Scott County; appointed by the Governor, March 16, 1855; term of office commenced May 1. William M. Coles, elected by the General Assembly, January 12, 1857; second term commenced May 1. Frank M. Mills, Polk County; elected January 26, 1858; term of office commenced May 1, 1859. Frank M. Mills, re-elected January 25, 1860; second term commenced May 1, 1861. Frank M. Mills, re-elected January 27, 1862; third term commenced May 1, 1863. Frank M. Mills, re-elected January 16, 1864; fourth term commenced May 1, 1865. James S. Carter, Polk County; elected March 10, 1866; term commenced May 1, 1867. J.J. Smart, elected March 18, 1870; qualified March 22, 1870; re- elected January 24, 1872; qualified February 2, 1872. H.A. Perkins, elected March 18, 1874; qualified March 23, 1874. THE JUDICIARY. SUPREME COURT OF IOWA. CHIEF JUSTICES. Charles Mason, Des Moines County; resigned in June 1847. Joseph Williams, Muscatine County; appointed by the Governor, June, 1847. Term expired January 25, 1848, by constitutional limitation. S. Clinton Hastings, Muscatine County; appointed by the Governor, January 26, 1848; term expired January 15, 1849. Joseph Williams, Muscatine County; elected by the General Assembly, December 7, 1848, and commissioned December 26, 1848, for six years—from January 15, 1849. George G. Wright, Van Buren County; elected January 5, 1855; qualified January 11. Ralph P. Lowe, Lee County; elected Judge October 11, 1859, with Caleb Baldwin and Lacon D. Stockton, and drawing the shortest term became Chief Justice; qualified January 12, 1860. Caleb Baldwin, Pottawattamie County; elected as above, and drawing the second shortest term became Chief Justice January 1, 1862. George G. Wright, Van Buren County; term commenced January 1, 1864. Ralph P. Lowe, Lee County; term commenced January, 1, 1866. John F. Dillon, Scott County; term commenced January 1, 1868. W.E. Miller, elected October 11, 1870, to fill vacancy occasioned by declension of John F. Dillon; term expires December 31, 1875. C.C. Cole, elected October 11, 1870, for term of six years. James G. Day, elected October 11, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of George G. Wright; re-elected for full term October 10, 1871. James M. Beck, elected October 14, 1873. The term of office in each case commencing on the first day of January following election, except in case where election was had to fill vacancy. W.E. Miller is Chief Justice this year (1875); C.C. Cole will be Chief Justice for 1876, by virtue of a constitutional provision of the state; the one having shortest term under a classification made at the commencement shall be Chief Justice. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. Joseph Williams, Muscatine County; appointed Chief Justice, June 1847. Thomas S. Wilson, Dubuque County; resigned in October 1847. John F. Kinney, Lee County; appointed by the Governor June 12, 1847, and again January 26, 1848; elected by the General Assembly, and commissioned December 8, resignation accepted January 20, 1854, to take effect February 15, George Greene, Dubuque County; appointed by the Governor November 1, 1847, and again January 26, 1848; elected by the General Assembly December 7, 1848; term of office commenced January 15, 1849. Succeeded by W. G. Woodward. Jonathan C. Hall, Des Moines County; appointed by the Governor January 20, 1854 to succeed Kinney, resigned. Succeeded by N. W. Isbell. William G. Woodward, Muscatine County; elected by the General Assembly January 5, 1855; qualified January 9. Norman W. Isbell, Linn County; elected by the General Assembly January 6, 1855; qualified January 16, resigned in 1856. Lacon D. Stockton, Des Moines County; appointed by the Governor May 17, 1856, vice Isbell resigned; qualified June 3, elected by the General Assembly January 12, 1857; re-elected by the people under the present constitution October 11, 1859; died June 9, 1860. Caleb Baldwin, Pottawattamie County; elected by the people October 11, 1859; qualified January 11, 1860. Became Chief Justice January 1, 1862. George G. Wright, Van Buren County; appointed by the Governor June 19, 1860, vice Stockton, deceased; qualified June 26; elected by the people November 6, 1860. Became Chief Justice January 1, 1864. Re-elected October 10, 1865; new term commenced January 1, 1866. Ralph P. Lowe, Lee County; re-elected October 8, 1861; new term commenced January 1, 1862. Became Chief Justice January 1, 1866. John F. Dillon, Scott County; elected October 13, 1863; vice Baldwin; term commenced January 1, 1864; became Chief Justice January 1, 1868. Chester C. Cole, Polk County; appointed March 1, 1864 by the Governor, under the provisions of Chapter 23, Act of 10th General Assembly, which took effect February 27, 1864; qualified same day; elected by the people November 8, 1864; term commenced January 1, 1865; became Chief Justice January 1, 1870. Joseph M. Beck, Lee County; elected by the people October 8, 1867; term commenced January 1, 1868; became Chief Justice January 1, 1872; re- elected October 14, 1873; term commenced January 1, 1874. W.E. Miller, elected October 11, 1870 to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of John F. Dillon; became Chief Justice January 1, 1874. James G. Day, elected October 11, 1870, vice George G. Wright, elected United States Senator; became Chief Justice January 1, 1871; re-elected for full term, October 10, 1871; term commenced January 1, 1872; will be Chief Justice again, January 1, 1877. Chester C. Cole, elected October 11, 1870; term began January 1, 1871, became Chief Justice January 1, 1876. CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT. George S. Hampton, Johnson County; appointed and bond approved July 6, 1867. George S. Hampton, appointed February 2, 1848 for the Fourth Judicial District. James W. Woods, appointed 1848, for the First Judicial District. Alexander D. Anderson, appointed 1848, for the Second Judicial District. Lewis J. Whitten, appointed -----, for the Fifth Judicial District. Thomas J. Given, appointed 1848, for the Third Judicial District. George S. Hampton, Johnson County, appointed 1853, bond approved March 5. William Vandever, appointed and qualified June 1855. Lewis Kinsey, Wapello County; appointed November 3, 1856 and qualified November 14, re-appointed January 12, 1860. Charles Linderman, Page County; elected by the people October 9, 1866, and four years under the provisions of Chapter 88, Acts of 11th General Assembly; term commenced January 7, 1867. E.J. Holmes elected, October 13, 1874, for term of four years; qualified December 8, 1874. 416 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA ATTORNEYS GENERAL Office created February 9, 1853 David C. Cloud, Muscatine County; elected by the people August 1, 1853; bond approved September 9; re-elected August 7, 1845. Samuel A. Rice, Mahaska County; elected August 4, 1856; bond approved September 24; re-elected August 2, 1858. Charles C. Nourse, Polk County; elected November 6, 1860; term commenced January 7, 1861; re-elected October 14, 1867. Isaac L. Allen, Tama County; elected November 8, 1864; term commenced January 2, 1865; resigned January 11, 1866. Frederick E. Bissell, Dubuque County; appointed by the Governor and qualified January 12, 1866; elected by the people October 9, 1866; died June 12, 1867. Henry O'Connor, Muscatine County; appointed by the Governor June 20, and qualified June 29, 1867; elected by the people October 8. M.E. Cutts, of Mahaska County, appointed February 23, 1872, to fill vacancy occasioned by resignation of Henry O'Connor. Elected November 5, 1872, for two years; re-elected October 13, 1874, for two years. SUPREME COURT REPORTERS George Greene, Dubuque County, acting from 1847 to 1855. The Attorney General, ex-officio, from September, 1853, under the law creating the office of Attorney General. Mr. Cloud, Attorney General, however, appears never to have acted, and Judge Greene continued to perform the duties of the office. Wm. Penn Clarke, Johnson County; appointed by the Supreme Court, 1855 Thomas F. Withrow, Polk County; appointed in 1860; qualified April 17; re-appointed in 1864. Edward H. Stiles, Wapello County; elected by the people, October 9, 1866; term of office commenced January 7, 1867. John S. Runnells, elected October 13, 1874, for four years. DISTRICT COURTS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1846. FIRST DISTRICT [Composed of the counties of Des Moines, Henry, Lee, and Louisa. Washington County was at first a part of this district, but was detached and added to the Fourth District by Chapter 57, Acts 2d General Assembly, approved January 12, 1849] Created February 17, 1847. JUDGES. George H. Williams, Lee County; elected April 5, 1847, and commissioned April 27. Ralph P. Lowe, Lee Count; elected April 5, 1852. Resigned in 1857. John W. Rankin, Lee County; Appointed by the Governor April 9, 1857; qualified April 13. Thomas W. Claggett, Lee County; elected April 6, 1857; qualified May 16. SECOND DISTRICT [Originally composed of th Counties of Buchanan, Cedar, Clayton, Clinton, Delaware, Dubugue, Fayette, Jackson, Jones, Muscatine, and Scott. To which were added, in 1847, Allamakee and Winneshiek; in 1851, Black Hawk, Bremer, Butler, and Grundy; and in 1853, Chickasaw and Howard. In 1853, the Eighth District was taken from the Second; and Butler and Grundy Counties were added to the Fifth. In 1855, the new Tenth District took Allamakee, Chickasaw, Clayton, Fayette, Howard, and Winneshiek Counties. In 1858, when the district was abolished, it consisted of the Counties of Black hawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Delaware, and Dubuque.] Created February 17, 1847. JUDGES. James Grant, Scott County; elected April 5, 1837; commissioned November 15. Thomas S. Wilson, Dubuque County; elected April 5 1852; qualified May 8; re-elected April 6, 1857. THIRD DISTRICT [Originally composed of the Counties of Appanoose, Davis, Jefferson, Keokuk, Mahaska, Marion, Monroe, Van Buren, and Wapello, "and the counties west of the counties of Marion, Monroe, and Appanoose." In 1849 the new Fifth District took Counties of Appanoose, Marion, Monrow, and the counties westward. Mahaska County was detached December 19, 1856, on the creation of the Eleventh District. When abolished in 1858, the district consisted of the Counties of Davis, Jefferson, Keokuk, Van Buren, and Wapello.] Created February 17, 1847 JUDGES Cyrus olney, Jefferson County; elected April 5, 1847; commissioned December 7. Resignation accepted March 15, 1851. Joseph C. Knapp, Van Buren County; appointed by the Governor March 15, 1851. William H. Seevers, Mahaska County; elected April 5, 1852; qualified May 7. Resigned; successor appointed January 10, 1856. Caleb Baldwin, Jefferson County; appointed by the Governor and qualified January 10, 1856. Henry B. Hendershott, Wapello County; elected April 7, 1856; qualified May 14, 1856. FOURTH DISTRICT [Originally composed of the Counties of Benton, Boone, Sallas, Iowa, Jasper, Johnson, Linn, Marshall, Polk, Poweshiek, Story, and Tama. In 1849, Washington County was annexed from the First District, and Boone, Dallas, Jasper, Marshall, Polk, and story detached to the Fifth. In 1856, Poweshiek was detached to the new Eleventh District, and in 1857, Marshall and Story to the new Thirteenth. When abolished in 1858, the district consisted of Benton, Iowa, Johnson, Linn, Tama, and Washington Counties.] Created February 17, 1847 JUDGES James P. Carleton, Johnson County; elected April 5, 1847; commissioned April 27; re-elected April 5, 1852. Resigned in 1853. William Smyth, Linn County; appointed by the Governor October 6, 1853; qualified October 10; elected by the people April 3, 1854. Resigned. Isaac Cook, Linn County; appointed by the Governor January 28, 1857; qualified March 20; elected by the people April 6. FIFTH DISTRICT. [Originally composed of the Counties of Appanoose, Boone, Clarke, Dallas, Decatur, Fremont, Jasper, Lucas, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Monroe, Page, Polk, Ringold, Story, Taylor, Warren, and Wayne. In February, 1851, the Counties of Fremont, Page, Ringold, and Taylor, were made a part of the new Sixth District. On the 20th of the same month, the counties of Bancroft (now part of Kossuth), Emmet, Fox (now Calhoun), Greene, Guthrie, Hancock, Hardin, Humboldt, Kossuth, Palo Alto, Pocahontas, Risley (now Hamilton), Winnebago, Wright, and Yell (now Webster), were added to the district. On the 9th of February, 1853, the Ninth District was taken from the Fifth, and Guthrie County was added to the Sixth District; at the same time the district was increased by the addition of Butler, Cerro Gordo, Floyd, Franklin, Grundy, Mitchell and Worth were made a part of the Tenth district. In the same year, by act approved January 27, 1857, the Thirteenth District was formed out of a portion of the Fifth. Guthrie County was reattached to the Fifth, February 26, 1857. On the 24th of February, 1858, Webster County was detached and annexed to the Thirteenth District. When abolished under the present Constitution, the district consisted of the following counties; Boone, Calhoun, Emmet, Greene, Guthrie, Hancock, Humboldt, Kossuth, Palo Alto, Pocahontas and Winnebago. Created in 1849. JUDGES William McKay, Polk County; elected April 2, 1849; commissioned April 27. Phineas M. Cassady, Polk County; elected April 3, 1854 Qualified June 1. Resigned. Charles J. McFarland, Boone County; appointed by the Governor, May 7, 1854; qualified in July. William W. Williamson, Polk County; declared elected April 2, 1855; qualified April 11. This election was contested; and the contest was decided, January 10, 1856, against Judge Williamson, and in favor of Charles McFarland, Boone County, who qualified January 10, 8156. SIXTH DISTRICT [Originally composed of the counties of Adair, Adams, Audubon, Buena Vista, Buncombe (now Lyon), Carroll, Cass, Cherokee, Clay, Crawford, Dickinson, Fremont, Harrison, Ida, Mills, Monona, Montgomery, O'Brien, Osceola, Page, Plymouth, Pottawattomie, Ringold, Sac, Shelby, Sioux, Taylor, Union, and Wahkaw (now Woodbury). The 7th district was formed from a part of the 6th, on the 9th of February, 1853; at the same time Guthrie County was added to the 6th. Audubon and Cass counties were detached, and annexed to the 7th district, December 26, 1856; Ringold and Union were made part of the 9th district, February 9, 1857; and Guthrie was attached to the 5th district, February 25. On the 3d of September, 1857, Mills County was added to the district by a special provision in the Constitution. When abolished under the new Constitution, the district therefore consisted of the following counties; Adair, Adams, Fremont, Mills, Montgomery, Page, and Taylor.] Created February, 1851. JUDGES. James Sloan; elected April 7, 1851. Resignation accepted March 9, 1852. Allen A. Bradford, Fremont County; appointed by the Governor May 4, 1852; qualified May 24; elected by the people, April 4, 1853. Resigned. E. H. Sears, Fremont County; appointed by the Governor, January 9, 1855; qualified February 1; elected by the people, April 2. SEVENTH DISTRICT. [Originally composed of the Counties of Buena Vista, Buncombe (now Lyon), Carroll, Cherokee, Clay, Crawford, Dickinson, Harrison, Ida, mills, Monona, O'Brien, Osceola, Plymouth, Pottawattomie, Sac, Shelby, Sioux, and Woodbury. On the 26th of December, 1856, the district was reduced by detaching all the counties except, Harrison, Pottawattomie, and Shelby, to which were added Audubon, and Cass Counties. Mills County was unconnected formally with any district until September 3, 1857, when the new Constitution took effect, which contained a special provision attaching Mills to the Sixth District. The other counties went to form the new Twelfth District, March 13, 1857.] Created February 9, 1853. JUDGE. Samuel H. riddle, Pottawattomie County; appointed by the Governor June 14, 1853; elected by the people April 3, 1854. EIGHTH DISTRICT. [Originally composed of the Counties of Cedar, Clinton, Jackson, Jones, Muscatine, and Scott. On the 1st of March, 1857. the Fourteenth District was formed of a part of this district. At the time of its abolition, in 1858, it consisted therefore of the Counties of Cedar, Jones, and Muscatine.] Created February 9, 1853. JUDGES. William E. Leffingwell, Clinton County; elected April 4, 1853. Resigned. John R. Booth, Jackson County; appointed by the Governor in 1854; qualified April 15. William H. Tuthill, Cedar County; elected April 2, 1855; qualified May 3. NINTH DISTRICT [Originally composed of the Counties of Appanoose, Clark, Decatur, Lucas, Madison, Monroe, Warren, and Wayne. Of these, Madison and Warren were detached, and made a part of the new Eleventh District, December 19, 1856. February 9, 1857, Ringgold and Union Counties were added to the district from the Sixth. When abolished in 1858, the district consisted of the Counties of Appanoose, Clarke, Decatur, Lucas, Monroe, Ringgold, Union, and Wayne. Created February 9, 1853. JUDGE John S. Townsend, Monroe County; elected April 4, 1853. TENTH DISTRICT. [Composed of the Counties of Allamakee, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw, Clayton, Fayette, Floyd, Howard, Mitchell, Winneshiek, and Worth, These counties, with the exception of Cerro Gordo and Worth, and the addition of Bremer and Butler, became the Tenth Judicial District under the present Constitution in 1858.] Created in 1855. JUDGE. Samuel Murdock, Clayton County; elected April 2, 1855; commissioned May 3. ELEVENTH DISTIRCT. {Composed of the Counties of Dallas, Jasper, Madison, Mahaska, Marion, Polk, Poweshiek, and Warren.] Created December 19, 1856. JUDGE. William M. Stone, Marion County; elected April 6, 1857; Commissioned April 23. TWELFTH DISTRICT (Composed of the Counties of Buncombe (now Lyon), Buena Vista, Carroll, Cherokee, Clay, Crawford, Dickinson, Ida, Monona, O'Brien, Osceola, Plymouth, Sac, Sioux, and Woodbury.) Created March 13, 1857 JUDGE Marshall F. Moore, Woodbury County; elected April 6, 1857; commissioned September 5. THIRTEENTH DISTRICT [Originally composed of the Counties of Butler, Franklin, Grundy, Hamilton, Hardin, Marshall, Story, and Wright, to which Webster County was added February 24, 1858.] Created March 1857. JUDGE James D. Thompson, Hardin County; elected April 6, 1857; qualified May 20. Resigned. Asahel H. Bennett, Scott County; appointed by the Governor October 19, 1857. ______________________ The above districts were superseded, in accordance with Article V. of the Constitution of 1857, by eleven new districts, the Judges and District Attorneys of which entered upon their duties on the first day of January, 1859. DISTRICT COURTS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1857 FIRST DISTRICT. --- Des Moines, Henry, Lee, and Louisa Counties Judges --- Francis Springer, elected October 12, 1858; re- elected October 14, 1862, and October 9, 1866. Joshua Tracy, appointed vice Francis Springer, resigned; elected October 11, 1870, for term of four years. Thomas W. Newman, elected October 13, 1874. SECOND DISTRICT --- Appanoose, Davis, Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren, Wapello, and Wayne Counties. Judges --- John S. Townsend, elected October 12, 1858. Henry H. Trimble, elected October 14, 1862. Harvey Tannehill, elected October 9, 1866. M. J. Williams, elected October 11, 1870. Joseph C. Knapp, elected October 13, 1874. THIRD DISTRICT --- Adams, Clarke, Decatur, Montgomery, Page, Ringgold, Taylor, and Union Counties. Judges --- E. H. Sears elected October 12, 1858. James G. Day, elected October 14, 1862; re-elected October 9, 1866. Samuel Forrey, elected October 11, 1870, re-elected October 13, 1874. FOURTH DISTRICT --- Buena Vista, Calhoun, Cherokee, Clay, Dickinson, Emmett, Harrison, Humboldt, Ida, Kossuth, Lyon, Monona, O'Brien, Osceola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocahontas, Sac, Sioux, and Woodbury Counties. Judges --- Asahel W. Hubbard, elected October 12, 1858. Isaac Pendleton, elected October, 14, 1862. Henry Ford, elected October 9, 1866; re-elected October 11, 1870. Resigned. J.R. Zuver elected to fill vacancy. Charles H. Lewis, elected full term, October 13, 1874. FIFTH DISTRICT --- Adair, Dallas, Guthrie, Madison, Polk and Warren. Counties. Judges --- John H. Gray, elected October 12, 1858; re- elected October 14, 1862. Died October 14, 1865. Charles C. Nourse, appointed October 16, 1865; qualified October 21; resigned, to take effect August 1, 1866. Hugh W. Maxwell, appointed to fill the vacancy from August 1; elected by the people October 9, 1866; re-elected October 11, 1870. John Lonard, elected October 13, 1874. SIXTH DISTRICT --- Jasper, Jefferson, Keokuk, Mahaska, Marion, Poweshiek and Washington Counties. Judges --- William M. Stone, elected October 12, 1858; Commissioned Captain Company B. third Iowa Infantry, May 29 1861. William Loughridge, appointed September 5, 1861; elected by the people October 8, 1861; re-elected October 14, 1862. Ezekiel S. Samson, elected October 9 1866; re-elected October 11, 1870. H. S. Winslow, elected October 13, 1874. SEVENTH DISTRICT --- Clinton, Jackson, Muscatine and Scott Counties. Judges --- John F. Dillon, elected October 12, 1858; re- elected October 14, 1862. Resigned, to take effect December 25, 1863, having been elected Jusge of the Supreme Court. J. Scott Richman, appointed October 27, 1863, from December 25; elected by the people November 8, 1864; re-elected October 9, 1866. William F. Brannan, elected October 11, 1870; re-elected October 13, 1874. EIGHTH DISTRICT --- Benton, Cedar, Iowa, Johnson, Jones, Linn and Tama Counties. Judges --- William E. Miller, elected October 12, 1858; appointed Colonel Twenty eighth Iowa Infantry, August 10, 1862. Norman W. Isbell, appointed September 10, 1862; Qualified September 15; elected by the people October 14, resigned, to take effect August 31, 1864. Charles H. Conklin, appointed August 19, 1864, from August 31; elected by the people November 8,; resigned in 1865. Nathaniel M. Hubbard, appointed November 15, 1865; qualified December 1, 1865. James H. Rothrock, elected October 9, 1866; re-elected October 11, 1870, and October 13, 1874. NINTH DISTRICT --- Black Hawk, Buchanan, Delaware, Dubuque and Grundy Counties. Judges --- Thomas S. Wilson, elected October 12, 1858. James Burr, elected October 14, 1858; re-elected October 9, 1866. D. S. Wilson, elected October 11, 1870; re-elected October 13, 1874. TENTH DISTRICT --- Allamakee, Clayton, Chickasaw, Fayette, Howard and Winneshiek Counties. Judges --- Elias H. Williams, elected October 12, 1858; re- elected October 14, 1862. Milo McGlathery, elected October 9, 1866; re-elected October 11, 1870. Reuben Noble, elected October 13, 1874. ELEVENTH DISTRICT --- Boone, Hardin, Hamilton, Franklin, Marshall, Story, Webster and Wright Counties. Judges John Porter, elected October 12, 1858; re-elected October 14, 1862. Resigned. Daniel D. Chase, appointed February 5 1866; qualified February 10; elected by the people October 9, 1866; re-elected October 11, 1870. Isaac J. Mitchell, elected October 13, 1874. TWELFTH DISTRICT --- Bremer, Butler, Cerro Gordo, Floyd, Hancock, Mitchell, Winnebago and Worth Counties. Judges --- William B. Fairfield, elected November 8, 1864; term commenced January 1, 1865; re-elected October 1868. George W. Ruddick, elected October 1872. THIRTEENTH DISTRICT --- Crawford, Carroll, Greene, Shelby, Audubon. Pottawattomie, Cass, Mills and Fremont Counties. Judge --- Joseph R. Reid, elected in October 1872; term expires December 31, 1876. THE MILITIA ADJUTANTS GENERAL Daniel S. Lee, Lee County, appointed April 3, 1851. George W. McCleary, Louise County, appointed May 15, 1855. Elijah Sells, Muscatine County, appointed January 15, 1857. Jesse Bowen, Johnson County, appointed January 18, 1858. ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL Nathaniel B. Baker, Clinton, appointed and qualified July 25, 1861; re-appointed January 14, 1864; re-appointed in 1868,1872 and 1874. ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS GENERAL John Scott, Story County, appointed March 22, 1860. John C. Culbertson. Johnson County, appointed October 10, 1861; resigned January 2, 1862. Philo E. Hall, Clinton County, appointed September 22, 1862; resigned June 19, 1863. Matthew M. Trumbull, Black hawk County, appointed June 10, 1863. Appointed Colonel of the Ninth Iowa Cavalry Volunteers, September 20, 1863. John C. Culbertson, Johnson County, appointed October 5, 1863; resigned November 30, 1864. Francis H. Impey, Scott County, appointed December 1, a864; resigned October 31, 1865. Edward E. Bassett, Scott County, appointed November 1, 1865. Office abolished April 4, 1866. QUARTERMASTERS GENERAL Esra Drown, Jefferson County, appointed April 16, 1851. Nathaniel B. Baker (Adjutant General), acting from July 25, 1861. COMMISSARIES GENERAL Thomas S. Epsy, Lee County, appointed April 16, 1851. Charles B. Richards, Webster County, appointed February 5, 1858. Duties devolved on Quartermaster General from and after June 12, 1861. PAYMASTERS GENERAL Constantine Holtenbach, Dubuque County, appointed April 16, 1851. Hiram Price, Scott County, commissioned October 28, 1861; to date from August 30, 1861. Office abolished and duties devolved on Adjutant General April 26, 1862. Duties discharged by Assistant Adjutant General from and after October 2, 1862. Duties again devolved on Adjutant General April 4, 1866. JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL H. M. Shelley, Van Buren County, appointed April 16, 1851. Office vacated June 12, 1861. SURGEONS GENERAL John Kell, Jr., Louisa County, appointed July 21, 1851. Nathan Udell, Appanoose County, appointed March 27, 1860. J. C. Hughes, Lee County, appointed in 1861. Office abolished February 17, 1864. ASSISTANT SURGEON GENERAL John C. Bennett, Polk County; appointed March 27, 1860. MILITARY SECRETARIES James Burt, Dubuque County; appointed April 16, 1851. N. H. Brainerd, Johnson County; appointed in 1861. George J. North, Polk County; appointed January 16, 1864; relieved from Duty January 12, 1866. Note --- Chapter 17, Laws of Extra Session, Eighth General Assembly, approved May 28, 1861, which took effect June 13, 1861, annulled all prior commissions above the rank of Captain in the Iowa Militia, except those for the three regiments then recently organized for the service of the United States.