HISTORY: Van Buren Co., IA From the A.T. Andreas Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa, 1875 This file was contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by: Pat April 2003 ************************************************* Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm ************************************************* ________________________________________________________ NOTE: For more information on Van Buren County, Iowa Please visit the Van Buren County, IAGenWeb page at http://iagenweb.org/vanburen/ ________________________________________________________ VAN BUREN COUNTY. This county, which is one of the oldest, and, in many respects, among the most important in the state; is situated in the extreme southeast, being the second west from the Mississippi River, and bounded on the south by Missouri. It is twenty-four miles east and west by an average of about twenty north and south, and contains a superficial area of near four hundred and eighty square miles. PHYSICAL FEATURES AND RESOURCES. The grandest of Iowa rivers—the Des Moines—runs diagonally from northwest to southeast, having a length of some forty-five miles in this county, with an average width of eight hundred feet, and a uniform depth. The current is rapid, and the bottom composed of rock throughout its whole course in this county, and as it winds through the low wooded hills and wide bottoms it forms a most beautiful and attractive appearance. The other streams are the Holcomb, Chequest, Bear, and Indian Creeks, which empty into the Des Moines from the north, while from the south it receives the waters of Stump, Lick, Rock, Copperas, Honey, and Reed's Creeks. Big and Little Fox Rivers, in the southern part, run into Missouri and finally empty into the Mississippi River; and Big Cedar, crossing the northeast corner of the country, finds its way to the Skunk River. These streams admirably drain all portions of the county, and afford, the smaller ones being largely fed by springs, and abundant supply of stock water at all seasons of the year. Some of them also furnish good water power, especially the Des Moines River at the several points where dams were constructed in the early history of the state, when the work of improving the navigation of the river was commenced. All the streams are skirted by valuable bodies of timber, which is so distributed as to be convenient of access to all parts, the area of timber and prairie being about equal. The varieties embrace nearly all those found in the state, including all the more valuable growths such as white, black, red and burr oak, black and white walnut, hard and soft maple, hickory, linn, ash, elm, etc., with some cottonwood along the streams. The red cedar is also found at several points on the rocky bluffs of the Des Moines. There are some fine groves of the hard maple, or sugar tree, and at the proper season, it is not uncommon to witness the social joys of an old-fashioned "wax-pulling," reminding one of "days lang syne" away back east. It is to be hoped that no thoughtless axeman will ever unnecessarily destroy one of those grand old trees, around which, in the years to come, may cluster so many sweet associations of the past. When a ruthless hand is about to perpetrate a deed so cruel may the earnest remonstrance of the poet ring in his ear, "Woodman, spare that tree!" In consequence of its numerous streams, this county is more rolling than most others in this part of the state. Very little of it, however, is so broken or hilly as to prevent easy cultivation, and scarcely any portion is swampy or marshy. Along the Des Moines River on either side, alternately, are narrow belts of alluvial bottom lands. These bottoms were originally covered with heavy timber, but large portions of them are now in cultivation. The soil is somewhat sandy, warm, light, and exceedingly productive. The prairies of this county are generally small, with rolling surface, but equal in fertility to the average prairie soils. Good well water is every where easily obtained on the prairies, but along the river bluffs, and in the timber in many places it is necessary to provide cisterns, while good springs are found in many places. The county is rich in coal deposits. In almost every portion of the county coal has been mined to a limited extent, but now little more is taken out than enough to supply the local demand, and wood being so abundant, the demand for coal is very limited. The veins are from three to four feet in thickness. A considerable quantity has been taken from a three and a half foot being near Business Corners in the northwest part of the county. This coal is well adapted to mechanical purposes, as it contains but little sulphuret of iron. Some three different seams or beds of coal are now to be exposed, but that of the second or middle vein seems to be most highly prized. The lower seam contains a greater proportion of sulphuret of iron. Building stone is abundant, and easily accessible at all points in the county. The concretionary limestone is found outcropping along nearly every creek. There is also a species of sandstone which is easily worked, when first taken from the quarry, but on exposure, becomes harder. The limestone, however, has been chiefly used for building purposes. Stone taken from some of the quarries is susceptible of a very fine finish. The block of Iowa marble contributed to the Washington monument was taken from a quarry on Chequest Creek. A quarry in the vicinity of Doud's Station has been recently opened, the quality of which is fully equal to that found at Chequest. The upper layers of the concretionary limestone make excellent flagging stone, being easily quarried in strata of about three inches in thickness. There is no difficulty in manufacturing quick-lime on nearly every stream in the county, Fox River being the only stream on which suitable stone for lime does not exist in the greatest abundance. Clay and sand suitable for brick and building purposes are also abundant. A bed of fire-clay about five feet in thickness within two and a half miles of Keosauqua has been worked for a number of years, and the excellent reputation of the ware which is manufactured from it attests the good quality of the material. A variety of iron-ore is found at several places, but probably in quantities that would not justify the erection of furnaces. This county presents a fine field for the investigation of the geologist. In addition to the coal measures and concretionary limestone formations, the geode bed outcrops along the Des Moines River from Farmington to within two or three miles of Keosauqua, where it passes below the bed of the river and disappears. What our geologists term the Keokuk limestone, also first appears on the Des Moines River in this county two miles below Bonaparte, rising to an elevation of seventy feet above the bed of the river at Bentonsport, and gradually depressing, finally disappears four miles above Bentonsport. Many fossils interesting to the geologist are obtained from this formation. About three-quarters of a mile southeast of Farmington, is the somewhat noted artesian well, on which a company here, several years ago, expended some $5,000. They bored to the depth of some 740 feet, passing through, at 100 feet from the surface, what is said to be a vein of pure white marble, equal to any found in the United States, and 40 feet in thickness. At a depth of 700 feet the water rushed in with such force as to throw the drill to one side and stop much further prosecution of the work. A pipe or tube has been inserted, which throws the water some feet above the surface. The water is warm, very clear, and has a slight taste of epsom salts, or something similar. It is used by invalids in the vicinity, and it is said with beneficial results. For manufacturing facilities this county is scarcely excelled by any other in the state. Though there are some good establishments, a large proportion of the immense hydraulic power is unused for the want of capital, or rather for the want of men disposed to invest their means in enterprises which could hardly fail to remunerate them. Three of the four dams completed under the old Des Moines River Improvement project, are in this county, one at Bonaparte, one at Bentonsport, and one at Keosauqua. There are several other eligible points for dams in the county, each affording immense water power. The large amount of wood and coal would supply the fuel for steam machinery, in addition to the water power of the Des Moines. With her immense hydraulic power, wood, coal, and building material, Van Buren stands unrivaled as a field for investment in manufacturing enterprises. This is a great fruit-growing county. Being one of the oldest in the state, there are many grown orchards, and they rarely fail to yield a bountiful supply, especially of apples, and the various kinds of small fruits are abundant. Peaches more frequently succeed in this portion of the state than any other. A timber region is better for fruit than any other, and for this and other reasons, fruit-growing in this county has proved peculiarly successful. The soil of this county is for the most part composed of vegetable loam mixed with clay, which rests on a clay sub-soil. It is deep and friable, and produces abundantly and in perfection, all grains, vegetables, grasses, and fruits, which are indigenous to the latitude in which it is situated. All kinds of farm stock are remarkably healthy and thrive well, while considerable attention has been paid to the introduction of imported and thoroughbred classes, which have aided much in making this branch of industry one of the most important in the county. The climate, soil, and dry rolling surface render it peculiarly adapted to sheep raising, which has been made quite profitable. The general appearance of the county, with its good improvements, well cultivated and valuable farms, and fine stock, fully demonstrate that the agricultural wealth of Van Buren County is surpassed by very few counties in a state which has a world wide reputation for the beauty and fertility of its soil, and the vast and exhaustless extent of its agricultural resources. EARLY HISTORY. At an extra session of the sixth Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan, on the 6th day of September, 1834, an act was passed organizing the country west of the Mississippi River, and creating the counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. The third act passed by the first Legislature of the Territory of Wisconsin, which met in November, 1836, at Belmont, was an act dividing Des Moines County into Lee, Van Buren, Des Moines, Henry, Louisa, and Muscatine; the limits of Van Buren at that time extending westward indefinitely. The county was organized December 7, 1836, and the first court convening in the county was held at Farmington, April 10, 1837, by Hon. David Irwin, Judge of the Second Judicial District of the Territory of Wisconsin— W.W. Chapman, United States District Attorney, and H. G. Stewart, Clerk. James M. Wood was the only practicing attorney of record at this court. A grand jury was empanelled, composed of the following persons, to wit: Isham Keith, Alexander Keith, Samuel Clayton, Elijah Pusdom, Sr., John Whittaker, James Hill, Charles H. Price, James Smart, Abington Johnson, Jonas F. Denny, James Jordan, Obadiah Cook, William Judd, Thomas Summerlin, John Moffatt, A. V. Syhawk, J. G. McCutcheon, William Brattain, Sr., Abel Galland, Jacob Crow, Lewis Crow, Joseph A. Swazey, and John Patchett. Isham Keith was appointed foreman. No petit jury was empanelled at this term; indeed at that time there was not more than enough inhabitants in the county, whose boundaries extended to the Missouri River, to form grand and petit juries. Several persons were indicted by the grand jury, among whom was N. Doose, for exercising the office of constable in the county by authority of the State of Missouri. The next court was also held at the same place in April, 1868, the same judge presiding. At this court Charles Mason, afterwards judge of the District of Iowa, was appointed prosecuting attorney pro tem, for the county. The first petit jury in the county was empanelled at this term to try an indictment for house-breaking. The party was found guilty and fined fifteen dollars. At this time the Indians were more numerous in the county than the whites, but the latter soon took possession of and improved the beautiful and productive valley of the Des Moines, and the red man was obliged to retire to the west. About this time, or shortly after, commenced a controversy about the location of the permanent county seat, which is doubtless seriously felt in its effects to the present day. Van Buren is emphatically a county of many towns, and nearly all of them have been competitors for the county seat. We may mention Keosauqua, Pittsburg, Philadelphia, Rochester, Columbus, Rockport, Bentonsport, Lexington, Farmington, and Utica. All these towns were once in Van Buren County, but some of them it would be difficult to find at the present time, especially those with the more pretentious and high-sounding metropolitan names. By an act of the First Territorial Legislature, approved January 25, 1839, Benjamin F. Chastain of Jefferson County, Michael H. Walker of Lee County, and Stephen Gearheart of Des Moines County, were appointed commissioners to locate the county seat. The same legislature had previously passed an act locating it at Rochester, but the Governor vetoed the bill. The bill appointing commissioners also provided for holding the first term of District Court, after its passage, at Keosauqua, bur forever after to be held at the place selected by the commissioners. The location was made at Keosauqua. Several enactments of the first Territorial Legislature pertain to the early history of this county. By an act approved January 15, 1839, the Des Moines Mill Company was incorporated, in which William Duncan and his associates were authorized to construct a dam across the river at a certain point named. The bill stipulated that they should build a lock not less than 130 feet long and 35 feet wide, for the passage of steam, keel, flat-boats, rafts, and other water crafts. This was the beginning of Iowa legislation concerning a river which has certainly proved a prolific subject of legislation from that day to this. An act approved January 19, 1839, also incorporated The Plymouth Mill and Manufacturing Company, and authorized E. B. Kimball, H. King, Lewis R. Bissell, Martin A. Britton, and E. A. M. Swasey, and their associates, to construct a dam across the Des Moines River in the southwest quarter of section 26, township 68, range 8, with the same restrictions as those embraced in the other bill. An act of the same legislature was approved January 23, 1839, establishing at different points some twelve seminaries of learning, three of which were in Van Buren County. One, styled The Farmington Academy, was to be at the town of Farmington. Henry Bateman, Martin A. Britton, John Crane, Stephen Miles, and their associates, were the corporators. Another institution, to be styled The Bentonsport Academy, was to be established in the town of North or South Bentonsport, as a majority of the citizens of the town might decide. The incorporators were S. Richards, G. W. Howe, H. P. Graves, H. Buckland, Bertrand Jones, Henry Smith, and their associates. South Bentonsport is now known as Vernon. Still another institution was located at Keosauqua, called The Keosauqua Academy. The incorporators were J. N. Lewis, C. H. Ober, John Carnes, John Fairman, S. W. Summers, James Hall, Wilson Stanley, and their associates. All these institutions were for the instruction of young persons of both sexes in science and literature. The same legislature also authorized William Meek & Sons to construct a dam at Bonaparte; and Henry Eno, George W. Howe, and Seth Richards, one at Bentonsport, with the usual clause guarding the navigation of the river, by the construction of locks, etc. The first town in Iowa bearing the name of Iowa City was not that which is located in Johnson county, for on the 25th of January, 1839, certain commissioners were appointed to review, lay out, and establish a territorial road from Mt. Pleasant to Rome, in Henry County, from thence to Lockridge, thence to Smith's Crossing on Big Cedar, in Jefferson County, from thence to Iowa City, in Van Buren County. In 1839 a conflict arose between the State of Missouri and the Territory of Iowa, relative to a strip of land lying along the border between Keosauqua and the present state line. Missouri claimed that the Des Moines Rapids, mentioned in her State Constitution as a point in her northern boundary, referred to the rapids in the Des Moines River at Keosauqua. Iowa claimed that the Des Moines Rapids in the Mississippi were the rapids meant. Both parties claimed jurisdiction over the disputed territory, and so intense was the feeling that a martial spirit began to develop itself; troops were organized, and history records no war more bloodless than the one which ensued, in which Van Buren County took a conspicuous part, some of her citizens acquiring great distinction as officers. After a manifestation of the most undoubted pluck and heroism on the part of Iowa troops, and the exhaustion of the supply of liquors on both sides, peace was declared, the enemy having concluded to yield her claim until the courts could decide the question. The tract was finally adjudged as belonging to Iowa, and thus ended the first war in which Iowa, and especially Van Buren County, acquired military laurels. As showing the steady growth and progress of the county from the first settlement up to the present time, the following statistics will be read with interest; Its population in 1838 was 3,174; in 1840-6,166; in 1844-9,019; in 1846-9,870; in 1847-10,203; in 1849-11,577; in 1850-12,269; in 1851-13,000; in 1852-12,753; in 1854-13,843; in 1856-15,921; in 1859-15,879; in 1860- 17,081; in 1863-15,862; in 1865-15,599; in 1867-16,298; in 1870-17,672. In the Fall of 1849, the first steamboat ascended the river as far up as Keosauqua-the adventurous pioneer craft being the S. B. Science, Captain Clarke, Master. She brought goods for the Indian trading posts at Portland and other points above, with flour, meal, pork, and other necessary articles for the settlers. This was an occasion of much rejoicing. It is said the good boat brought a liberal supply of scertiappo (whisky) for both whites and Indians. About this time, an affair of honor transpired between two of the settlers, A. W. Harland and one Bushnell. Russo King and M. Sigler were the seconds. Pistols were the weapons chosen, and it may be whisky was substituted for coffee. Fortunately no shooting occurred, their friends induced them to settle the difficulty by the less dangerous method now practiced by the ring. Harlan came off victor, and thus ended the first, and, so far as the historian can learn, the last appeal to the code of honor in Van Buren County. The northwest corner of the county, near the old town of Iowaville, may be called historic ground, as it was here that the Sacs and Foxes fought a memorable battle with the Iowas, and there for a time Keokuk and his warriors had their home, while just over the line in Davis County the renowned and warlike Black Hawk, after his glory had departed, passed in retirement, being surrounded only by his family, the closing days of his life, and was there buried in the Fall of 1838. RAILROADS. This county has very good shipping facilities, one road making direct connection with Chicago and the east by the way of Burlington, and the other with the Mississippi River and the southern and eastern markets through Keokuk, the Gate City of the state. The first railroad completed was the Des Moines Valley, now called the Keokuk & Des Moines, which enters the county at the southeast corner, and running up the valley of the Des Moines a distance of over thirty miles, passes out about half a mile south of the northwest corner, having seven stations in the county. The Burlington & Southwestern Railroad passes east and west through the southern tier of townships, crossing the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad and the Des Moines River at Farmington in the extreme southeast, and accommodates the inhabitants of the southern portion with six stations. SCHOOLS. Being one of the oldest counties in the state, the educational advantages enjoyed by the citizens of Van Buren are surpassed by very few counties in Iowa. Institutes and normal schools are held, which have awakened a laudable aspiration among the teachers to bring the standard of the common schools of this county up to that of the best counties in the west, and a steady progress is being made from year to year. There are at the present time 102 ungraded and 12 graded schools in the county, which are open on an average over six months during the year, employing 100 male and 121 female teaches, with a total enrollment of over 500 pupils. The total valuation of school property is over $121,000, while the annual amount expended is about $38,000, and the permanent school fund is about $24,000. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The court house is not a building of any particular architectural beauty, and does not present a very imposing appearance, yet is substantial and serviceable, and with another building used for county offices, affords ample accommodation for the transaction of the public business of the county. They are both built of brick, and stand near the business center of Keosauqua, commanding a fine view of the valley of the Des Moines and the picturesque hills beyond. The jail is a substantial stone building, having iron cells, with a brick residence for the sheriff added, forming together one of the best and most secure county prisons in the state. SOLDIERS' MONUMENT AND BRIDGE. Near the Court House, on a lot purchased for the purpose, an elegant soldiers' monument, costing upward of $2,000, was erected, and dedicated July 4, 1868. The names of all the soldiers who died in the cause of freedom from this county in the war of the Rebellion have been engraved on this monument, thus perpetuating their memory to all time. In 1873 a substantial and handsome iron bridge, 616 feet in length, was erected across the Des Moines River at Keosauqua, costing $45,000, of which sum the county paid $25,000, and the citizens of Keosauqua the balance. THE PRESS. The historian has been unable to obtain the data for an authentic history of the press of Van Buren County, and so can do little more than give the names of the newspapers at present published in the county. The Keosauqua Republican is probably the oldest newspaper now published, it having been established in 1854. It is a good sized, neatly printed Republican sheet, having a large circulation, and is under the editorial management of Geo. A. Henry an experienced and successful journalist. The Bonaparte Democrat made its first appearance in 1870, is a lively, enterprising local paper, democratic in politics, and is owned and edited by Geo F. Smith, a gentleman of experience and ability as a newspaper man. The Farmington Gazette took its place among the press of Iowa in February, 1874, with the name of L. M. Moore at the head of its editorial columns. Energetically it has pushed its way into a field already well occupied, and has held its place and become one of the most readable and lively papers in the county. In 1869 the Birmingham Enterprise was first given to the world by W. S. Moore, and after passing through several hands is now conducted by Sheward & Parker, who are making it an intensely local paper, advocating the interests of the northern portion of the county. COUNTY OFFICIALS, 1875. ALEXANDER BROWN, Auditor. RUSSELL JOHNSON, Clerk of Courts. ROBERT L. CLARKE, Treasurer. DANIEL K. KITTLE, Recorder. JOHN W. SHANE, Sheriff. ARCHIE McDONALD, Supt. Common Schools. ERASTUS PITKIN, Chairman of the Board of Supervisors. KEOSAUQUA. This is the county seat of Van Buren County, and is situated on the north bank of the Des Moines River, at the lower extremity of a peninsula, on what is known as the Great Bend, which, in the Indian language, the term Keosauqua (or Keoshauqua) is said to mean. It is the opinion of some, however, that this was the Indian name of the river before it received its French christening of Des Moines. The town is four miles south of Summit Station, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, and within about seven miles of the Missouri line. The first white man who settled on the sport where this place now stands was one John Silvers, who, in 1835, made a claim and built a small cabin on the bank of the river about where the old Keosauqua Hotel now stands. About the same time several other persons settled in the vicinity-among them E. Pardom, Isaac W. McCarty, John Patchett, and John Tolman, with his Indian wife. Silvers sold his claim in the Fall of 1836 to Meschack Sigler for $300. Mrs. Sigler was the first white woman who made her home at this place. In 1837, a company styled the Van Buren Company purchased Sigler's claim. This company was composed of James Hall, James Manning, Edwin Manning, John J. Fairman, John Carnes, and Robert Taylor. Sigler subsequently became one of the company, and Taylor soon sold his interest to William Billups and Simon Druillard. In 1837 they laid out a portion of the town, and in the Spring of 1839 the whole town was surveyed and the plat recorded. The first house in the new town was built by the Van Buren Company in 1837, and was occupied by Carnes & Fairman with the first stock of goods opened in the town. Fairman was the first post master, the name of the office being Portoro. At the land sales in 1838 James Hall was authorized by the company to purchase in his own name the tract of land on which the town was located. In 1839 the first brick house was erected by Edward R. Tylee, and in 1838 T. Lane opened the first tailor shop. The first physician was Cyrus H. Ober, and the first lawyer Isaac N. Lewis. The first hotel was kept in a one-story log house by Elisha Puett, who was a hard case, and as civilization encroached upon him, went to Texas. The first blacksmith was David Smith. In April, 1839, R. King laid out what is known upon the record as Des Moines City, immediately below and adjoining Keosauqua, where a flouring mill was erected and a dam built across the river, and where now stands a stone flouring mill with two run of stones. The first white child born in Keosauqua was a daughter to William Billups, and the first marriage solemnized was that of Lewis Lapplant and Nancy Hill, on the 27th of January, 1838, by Benjamin F. Green, a justice of the peace. The first newspaper was commenced in the Summer of 1843 by Jesse M. Shepherd and John T. Mitchell. It was called the Iowa Democrat and Des Moines River Intelligencer. Keosauqua is pleasantly located, partly in the bottom, and partly on a handsomely rounded bluff, which overlooks the valley of the Des Moines, and is well laid out. It contains a number of good residences, several fine business houses which do a good retail trade, a commodious brick school house costing upwards of $15,000, several good churches, the leading religious denominations all having organizations, as have the secret societies of Masons and Odd Fellows. Such are some of the facts in regard to the early history and present condition of a town that once bid fair to become one of the most important places in the Des Moines Valley. The sanguine expectations of the founders of this once promising town have not been realized, which is partly due to the fact of its peculiar situation in the bend of the river, which places it some four miles from railroad connection, and partly to the class of property holders, who, at an early day, secured the most valuable lands in the town and vicinity, and who, being comfortably situated, have had no desire to enter in the enthusiastic whirl of business speculation which is characteristic of the leading men of the Northwestern States. Yet possessing natural advantages for manufacturing unsurpassed in Iowa-the water power being the best on the Des Moines River, with coal and wood in abundance, and exhaustless supply of excellent building stone and potter's clay in the immediate vicinity-the day is not far distant when this, one of the oldest, will take its place among the most important and wealthy manufacturing towns west of the Mississippi. FARMINGTON. This town is very pleasantly situated at the crossing of the Keokuk & Des Moines and Burlington & Southwestern Railroads, on the left bank of the Des Moines River, some two miles north of the north boundary line of the State of Missouri. It is surrounded by a rich farming country, and has a good retail trade. The Methodist, Baptist, Congregational, Christian, German Lutheran, German Methodist, and Catholic religious denominations have organizations and houses of worship. The public schools are also in a flourishing condition and well supported. BIRMINGHAM. This place is situated in the north part of the county, eleven miles from Keosauqua and eight from Fairfield, and is surrounded by a wealthy and finely improved farming district, fruiting orchards, well cultivated fields, and happy homes, indicative of wealth and comfort, being visible in all directions. The town is situated on a rolling prairie, with plenty of coal and timber convenient, and is supplied with pure water from wells usually twenty or thirty feet deep. The buildings are mostly wood and neatly painted, while an attractive feature is a delightful park, neatly enclosed and ornamented with forest trees, and provided with a stand and other conveniences for holding public meetings. There are three churches, viz; Methodist, Presbyterian, and United Presbyterian, all of which have commodious frame houses of worship. The town also has an enviable reputation for educational advantages, having two good public schools and a college in successful operation for the accommodation of both sexes. Birmingham may be set down as a lively village, and with a class of enterprising business men as her leading spirits, she will continue to prosper. BENTONSPORT. Is a station on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, on the left bank of the Des Moines River, and is surrounded by a wealthy agricultural section, which is, however, hid from view by the hills in the immediate vicinity. The dam across the river affords a vast amount of water power, which is partially employed in running a large flouring mill and some other machinery. It has considerable trade, and is quite an important shipping point. There are four churches, viz; Methodist, Presbyterian, Congregational, and Universalist, all brick except the last, which is frame. Masonic and Odd Fellows Lodges exist, both in flourishing condition. The town forms an independent school district, has a good two-story brick school house and well graded schools, which are in charge of a corps of competent and experienced teachers. The other villages and railroad stations in the county are Independent, Doud, Kilbourne, Summit, Bonaparte, Willets, Mt. Sterling, Cantril, Milton, Iowaville, Portland, Pittsburg, Pleasant Hill, Vernon, Lebanon, Pierceville, and Winchester.