Cook County IL Archives Biographies.....Scammon, J Y 1812 - 
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Author: Chicago Magazine

J. Y. Scammon, Esq.

Source: Chicago Magazine, The West As It Is, Vol. 1, March 1857, No. 1
 

The subject of this sketch, J. Y. Scammon, Esq,, was born in Whitefield, 
Lincoln County, Maine, in the year 1812. His father is the Hon. Eliakim 
Scammon, of East Pittston, Kennebec County, Maine, a man widely known and 
universally esteemed, and who, for many successive years, represented his town 
and county in both branches of the Legislature of that State.

Mr. Scammon's mother was the daughter of David Young, one of the first 
settlers, and most wealthy men in East Pittston. Mr. Young was a prominent man 
in the community in which he lived. As a Jefforsonian Republican, he often 
represented his town in the General Court of Massachusetts, Maine having 
formed a part of Massachusetts until the year 1820, when it was admitted into 
the Union, as a separate state.

Mr. Scammon from childhood has had a fondness for agricultural and 
horticultural pursuits. He would have been a farmer, were it not that an 
accident deprived him, at the early age of ten years, of the full use of his 
left hand. Though this probably changed his occupation in life, it did not 
diminish his natural love for the cultivation of the soil, or destroy his 
taste for the beautiful and perfect, in all that relates to this truly noble 
occupation. When he resided at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Randolph 
streets, he had the finest garden to be seen in the city at that time; and he 
now preserves his beautiful garden, occupying a large portion of one of our 
city blocks, at his present residence at the corner of Michigan Avenue and 
Congress streets, although the grounds are among the most desirable and 
expensive property in the city for private residences.

Mr. Scammon received his literary education at the Maine Wesley an Seminary, 
Lincoln Academy, and Waterville College. He read law in Hallowell, in his 
native state. He was admitted to the Bar in Kennebec County, and immediately 
after started upon a tour of the States. He arrived at Chicago, in September, 
1835, upon a cold and stormy day. He made the then somewhat more than 
unpleasant and hazardous passage of the Lakes, in the old steamboat 
Pennsylvania, which at that early period made a trip from Buffalo, by the way 
of Green Bay, to Chicago. On the passage of the steamboat from Green Bay to 
our city, a furious storm arose, compelling her to put into Washington Harbor, 
near Death's Door, at the lower end of Lake Michigan. Here she lay until the 
storm abated, provisions running out, and the passengers being put on a short 
allowance, in the meantime. Taking a fresh start from Washington Harbor, the 
storm again raged fear fully, and there was great apprehension of ship-wreck 
among the passengers and crew.

Arrived at Chicago, the steamer was compelled to anchor outside the bar, there 
being no entrance to the Harbor, except for vessels of a very small size. The 
passengers were landed in a boat, and made their way from the beach up to the 
old Sauganash Hotel, in a driving rain, ihrough the tall prairie grass and 
deep mud. They found the hotel crowded, and a very large number of the inmates 
sick with the bilious fever. In fact, altogether, a more dismal and dreary 
aspect, the town could not have presented. Coming from the beautiful hills of 
New England, and their bracing and healthy air, the town appeared to the new 
comer to be almost a dismal swamp; and his first impression was any thing but 
favorable to a location in it.

Mr. Scammon had letters to Mr. Henry Moore, who was then an attorney in the 
town, and deputy of Col. Richard J. Hamilton, Clerk of the Courts of the 
County of Cook. In a few days the weather cleared off, and almost as soon, the 
mud disappeared, and there succeeded one of those beautiful Indian Summers 
with which the West is so highly favored. Just as Mr. S. was about to leave 
town to continue his journey southward, Mr. Moore called upon him, and stated 
that the Circuit Court had just commenced its session; that his own business 
prevented his giving further assistance to Col. Hamilton, and that the 
gentleman that Col. Hamilton had employed in his place, had been attacked with 
fever. He asked Mr. S. if he would not assist Col. H. during the term of Court.

This was regarded by Mr. S. as a fine opportunity to become acquainted wiih 
the mode of practice, and the forms of legal proceedings in Illinois, and was 
at once accepted. He accordingly assisted Col. H., through the term; who 
finding that he was ready and at home in the performance of the duties of 
Clerk, proposed to make him his deputy, and, at the same time, allow him 
to "hang out his shingle" in the Clerk's office.

In those days rooms for offices were not plenty in Chicago, and the lawyers, 
being mostly bachelors, lodged in their offices. Mr. S. had endeavored in vain 
to find an eligible office so he accepted Col. H's proposal, and established 
his office in the "North East Corner" of the Clerk's office, from which it was 
separated, not as often in early times in the West, were the places of the 
Bar, the Court and Jury, by chalk or coal lines, but by an imaginary one.

Col. H. then held about every office in Cook County, which he could legally 
hold. He was Judge of Probate, Clerk of the Circuit Court, Clerk of the County 
Commissioners Court, School Commissioner, Recorder of Deeds, Notary Public, 
and Bank Commissioner. All these were held in a small Grecian building, 
erected on the North East corner of the Court House Square, which was 
subsequently enlarged and transformed into a Court House.

Mr. S.'s days were spent in this room, in the study of his profession and 
attending to the duties of clerk for Col. H. At night he lodged like other 
young men, in the same office. As he made acquaintances, his business 
increased, and in 1836, he entered into a copartnership with Hon. B. S. 
Morris. They continued together for eighteen months, and did a large and 
successful business. They then dissolved, and Mr. Scammon practiced alone for 
a year or more, when he formed a connection with Hon. N. B. Judd, the 
partnership lasting until 1847, when Mr. Scammon becoming greatly interested 
in the building of the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, and wishing to give 
much of his time to railroad matters, he and Mr. Judd dissolved their 
connection, though they continued to occupy the same office.

When Mr. Scammon came to Chicago, it was a time of almost universal 
speculation. Nearly everyone was rich; at lease in prospect. He was solicited 
to speculate, but declined, on the ground that he liked his profession, and 
should be happier in practicing it than in attempting to make a fortune by 
speculating. He thus was enabled to devote his time faithfully and 
unremittingly to the practice of his profession. His industry and promptness 
in paying over to his clients all monies collected—somewhat of a virtue in the 
early days of Western life—won him the favor of the community, both at home 
and abroad, and his practice soon became large and commanding. This favor, 
obtained by faithfulness and probity in the discharge of his business 
transactions in the outset of his professional career, has been of great 
benefit to Mr. S. in after life, and no doubt, to it, to a very great extent, 
he owes the stable financial credit which he now enjoys in Chicago as well as 
the Eastern cities.

Indeed Mr. S. has made it a leading principle, in all his business 
transactions, to promise nothing that he could not perform, and to work with 
the greatest possible zeal and ardor to secure the completion of that which he 
promised. His credit as a banker he regards as above every other 
consideration, both of profit and present standing; and he would sacrifice all 
he possesses, to preserve that untarnished. The business public are aware of 
this, and hence put great confidence in any monied institution with which he 
is connected.

Mr. Scammon has made great efforts to obtain a safe and reliable banking law 
in this State, which would be the means of preventing all recourse to the 
system of what is called "Wild Cat Banking," by which a number of 
irresponsible institutions are got up in neighboring States and Territories, 
for the purpose of circulating their irresponsible and irredeemable paper 
here. The law, as it heretofore stood, restrained und restricted the home 
banker, while it gave free license to the foreign institutions, which are 
responsible to no one, and which, at best, depend wholly upon the ability, or 
rather inclination, of the owners to redeem their promises. Mr. Scammon has 
endeavored to make our banking system of that character which would invite the 
capital of the best business men of this and other States for investment, at 
the same time that it would possess such guards and restrictions as would 
secure the public in the most perfect manner. Mr. S. has worked long and 
faithfully to this end, and hopes finally to be able to accomplish an object 
which has been one of the leading purposes of his life. The feeling against 
banking of all kinds which exists in some portions of the State, and which has 
been taken advantage of by the advocates of irresponsible banking in the 
northern part, has hitherto been the great obstacle with which Mr. S. has had 
to contend, but he hopes, in time and by the aid of the growing intelligence 
and good sense of the people, to succeed in perfecting such a system of 
banking as will be a credit to the State, and of the utmost advantage to its 
inhabitants.

In 1837 without solicitation on his part, Mr. Scammon was selected as the 
Attorney of the State Bank of Illinois; and in 1839, he was appointed Reporter 
of the Supreme Court of the State, which office he continued to hold till 
1845, when he resigned, on account of the press of his business at home. He 
was the first Reporter in this State that ever published a volume, and his 
books introduced an entirely new era in Western Reports. They were brought out 
in a style inferior to none, and superior to most of the reports in the 
Eastern States.

The writer might here properly state, that Mr. Scammon has ever taken a lively 
interest in public affairs. While being indefatigably occupied with the 
management of his private business, he has not allowed himself to be wholly 
engrossed in the labors necessarily incident to men of large and accumulative 
means, but has been, in one way or another, connected with most of the great 
leading undertakings associated with the progress of our state and city. He 
had, in fact, been among the foremost in contributing to the development of 
the resources of Illinois, and the advancement of the interests of Chicago and 
the surrounding country. A New Churchman, or Swedenborgian in Religion, which 
includes all great measures of useful and beneficent progress, he is himself 
progressive in sentiment, and conservative in practice. His motto is, and 
always has been, at least as long as the writer of this has known 
him, "Conservative Progress." Still into whatever undertaking he enters, he 
throws himself with his whole soul, and with all his might; and whenever he 
undertakes a project, he is indefatigable and persevering, until it is 
accomplished.

To the Hon. William B. Ogden nmi Mr. Scammon are the public specially indebted 
for the commencement, of the Galena & Chicago Railroad. After the railroad 
enterprises which had their inception in 1837, had failed, and were abandoned, 
and all confidence in Illinois was lost by capitalists, when hope was nearly 
dead in the minds of our people; Messrs. Ogden and Mr. Scammon counselled 
together upon the subject of railroads, and the Galena Railroad in particular. 
To induce the Michigan Central Railroad, which then hardly reached New 
Buffalo, to come to Chicago, and thus aid in extending railroad lines further 
West, Messrs O. and S. went to Indiana, and spent much tLime in getting hold 
of and reviving the charter of the Buffalo and Mississippi Railroad, which 
possessed the sole power of building a road from Michigan City to the Illinois 
State Line, in the direction of Chicago. They had previously, on the opening 
of books for the road, traveled over the entire distance between Chicago and 
Galena, holding meetings, making speeches, and procuring subscriptions to the 
stock of the Galena Road. They were themselves among the largest stockholders 
in the company, and by their exertions and personal pledges of fidelity to the 
interests of the stock holders, they obtained stock enough to commence 
operations in the road; and it is not claiming too much to say, that but for 
them this great pioneer road in the West would not have been commenced till 
many year's later.

In the commencement of the building of this road. Mr. Scammon devoted a large 
portion of his time, gratuitously, to the project. He familiarized himself 
with the details of the transactions of the company, and kept a strict watch 
upon its operations. Besides, to sustain the credit of the Company, he 
borrowed money more than once upon his individual name, and loaned it to the 
Treasurer, when the road had not sufficient credit to obtain an additional 
accommodation from its banker; nor even the confidence of a majority of its 
Directors, in their ability to go on with their enterprise. But the faith of 
the subject of our sketch was full and unwavering. Indeed, so great were the 
difficulties, and so numerous, the disappointments in the outset of the 
operations of this Company, to which Chicago is indebted for so much of its 
material prosperity, that at one time, during the absence of Mr. Ogden, all 
the Directors, with the exception of Mr. Scammon, the late James H. Collins, 
Esq., and Charles Walker, Esq., appeared discouraged at the prospect of 
affairs.

The labors and difficulties attending the early days of the history of this 
enterprise can hardly be realised at the present time. The country was poor; 
there was no surplus money in it; subscriptions to the stock of the Company 
could only be obtained in very small quantities; of eighteen hundred 
shareholders, the larger number held single, or not more than two or three 
shares each; while all the shares which were taken were subscribed for, not 
with a view to profit on the stock, but solely to aid in the enterprise. Mr. 
H. was one of the largest stockholders from the commencement of the 
undertaking, and when great efforts were requisite to keep up the credit of 
the Company, and to prevent its stock from greatly depreciating, he purchased 
freely of it, and was, by this means, at one time its largest stockholder. 
With a view, also, of procuring Eastern aid, he proceeded in company with Mr. 
Ogden, to Boston, and had an interview with Eastern capitalists. There was at 
that period so little confidence in the West or Western enterprise, that they 
were very cooly told by one of the largest railroad proprietors in New 
England, that "Statistics amount to very little in influencing us. You must go 
home, raise what money yon can, and when you can get no farther, come to us, 
and give us what you have done, and we will take hold of your road and 
complete it. You can afford to do this, the road will be of such immense 
advantage to your country." Mr. S. determined, upon the instant, that these 
prophetic wishes should not be fulfilled, he returned home, and by his 
exertions and caution contributed not a little to that careful management of 
the road, which ultimated in the success of the enterprise, and in 
establishing, in the minds of capitalists everywhere, the ability of Illinois 
men to build and manage railroads.

The success of the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad is the parent of all 
subsequent railroad movements in this State. Had that enterprise failed, 
Chicago would not now count half its present population.

In the very momentous matter, to the present and succeeding generations, of 
establishing the free school system of Illinois, Mr. Scammon bore a very 
prominent and important part. There was no provision for absolutely free 
schools in Illinois when Mr. Scammon removed to the State, and for years 
thereafter. It required a great struggle to get through the Legislature a 
special law for Chicago, authorizing the establishment of schools by the Town; 
and the law was only passed on condition that it would be submitted to a vote 
of the people, before it became operative. When the vote was taken in 1836, 
the law was voted down. Its defeat at that time was probably caused by the 
large number of unmarried men, the greater part of whom were speculators in 
real estate, who were unwilling to have their property taxed for as they 
alledged, the benefit of other people's children.

Mr. Scammon took an active part in getting up the first charter of the City of 
Chicago. It was partly through his efforts that provision for our present free 
school system was made in it. The schools first established under it were not, 
however, sustained by public opinion. There were few children in the town, 
most of its population being young people, and little interest was felt in the 
subject. The schools had thus but a sickly existence, and were of very little 
value.

Mr. Scammon was appointed one of the Board of School Inspectors in 1839. The 
free schools were then so nearly extinct, that it was determined to suspend 
tbemi, until they could be re-commenced under more favorable auspices, and 
upon a more stable foundation. Mr. Scammon took hold of the subject in 
earnest, he drafted new ordinances and laws for the regulation and government 
of the school system, which were parsed; and through him and his co-laborer in 
the Board of School Inspectors, the system of Common Schools, which has been 
so successful, and of such incalculable benefit to our city, was established 
on a broad and permanent basis. He remained in the Board of School Inspectors 
till 1845, when he was deemed an Alderman for the First Ward. His election to 
this office was opposed by some citizens, who feared he was in favor of too 
extensive a system of public schools. The first school house—the present brick 
edifice on Madison street, east of Dearborn street,—had been built under the 
direction of the Board of School Inspectors, in 1844. Much complaint, had been 
made by residents of the North and West Divisions of the city, at the large 
expenditure; very many persons residing in the South Division, also denounced 
the cost of the construction of such a building as extravagant. Mr. Scammon 
determined to secure as large a vote us possible, in order to satisfy the 
public that "big school houses" were not unpopular. The consequence was he 
received more votes, and was elected by a larger majority, than any Alderman; 
up to that time, had ever received in the city.

When the new Council was inaugurated, the Mayor recommended that the "big 
school house" should be sold, or converted into an "Insane Asylum," and one 
more suitable to the size and wants of the city be built. It waa supposed by 
the Mayor, that so large a school house would not be required by the city for 
a dozen years. Mr. Scammon was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Schools, 
in the new Council, and immediately brought forward an ordinance for building 
a large brick school house on the North side of the river, stating, at the 
time time, that it was the policy of the Board of School Inspectors to build 
another, on the West side, the next year, and to build a new school house at 
least every year. The order was adopted by the Council, and the school house 
was built. The construction of this house was followed by that of the fine 
school building on Madison street, on the West side. Thus a policy was 
adopted, which has since been continued and improved upon by the successive 
Boards of School Inspectors, until our Common Schools have reached their 
present proud position and high state of usefulness.

In any mention of the Common Schools, however, the name of William Jones, 
Esq., should not be omitted. For years, in their days of trial, he was one of 
their most devoted and efficient friends. He seconded Mr. Scammon's efforts 
and labors with great energy and zeal.

Mr. Scammon has always taken a warm and decided interest in politics. He was a 
Whig during the existence of that party, and for many years chairman of its 
Congressional, County and City Committees; and though often solicited, and 
more than once nominated for office, he was never a candidate before the 
people, except on two occasions—once when elected Alderman, and in 1848, when 
he was the Whig candidate for Congress in this District, which at that time 
was composed of seventeen counties, and overwhelmingly Democratic. Mr. S. 
received a very flattering vote, carrying the City of Chicago by a 
considerable majority, although his party in the city must have been in a 
minority of more than a thousand votes.

In politics Mr. Scammon also exhibited his progressive proclivities, having 
been always on the side of freedom and progress in his party. At the same time 
he was conservative in his action, preferring present good, when he could 
obtain it, to sacrificing everything to the abstract principles of right. For 
this reason, though his freedom sentiments dated back before the great contest 
between Clay and Polk in 1844, he preferred voting for Mr. Clay, to throwing 
away his vote. In 1848, also, he advocated the election of General Taylor, 
knowing there was no probability of the election of a freesoil candidate, and 
doubting the sincerity of purpose of Mr. Van Huron, who was supported by that 
party. In 1852 he voted for General Scott, although he preferred Judge McLean, 
who was his choice for President. In the late contest, he supported Colonel 
Fremont with all the ardor he was capable of, sparing neither his time nor 
money in the canvass. Mr. Scammon has always been inflexibly opposed to the 
extension of slavery into the territories, and he endeavored, in every way in 
his power, to divorce the Whig Party of this state from the Pro-Slavery 
measures with which a large number of its friends seemed willing to suffer it 
to be embarrassed. He contended that his policy in this respect was both just 
and expedient; and it is due to him to say, that if his advice had been earned 
out, the Whig Party in the Northern portion of the State, at least, and 
especially in this city, would not have remained so long in the hopeless 
minority in which he found it when he came to reside here. Many who afterwards 
claimed to be Seward, or freesoil Whigs, had previously to their sudden 
conversion—subsequently to the election of Gen. Taylor—opposed, with all their 
strength, the positions which Mr. Scammon took, and which had they been 
accepted and carried out by the leaders of the party generally, would have 
placed the Whig Party in a far better position before the people than it had 
ever attained.

Mr. Scammon was also among the first to perceive the tendency to the breaking 
up of old party lines in the country generally, and particularly in this City 
and State, preparatory to the present fusion of all persons and parties 
opposed to the spread of slavery. He suggested and procured the writer, many 
years ago, to furnish a series of articles on the subject, to a neutral paper 
then published in this city. These articles, and also other measures taken by 
him, had no small influence in breaking up party lines in the Chicago City 
Elections, and in the Northern counties of the State. Although a strict party 
man himself, as long as he could see any great good which the old Whig Party 
was capable of performing; still he believed in voting for the best men, and 
in many instances refused to vote for unworthy or incapable nominees of his 
own party. It may be proper to state in this connection, that Mr. Scammon, 
from first to last, has always opposed Native Americanism or Know Nothingism, 
in all its forms and principles. The writer well remembers the indignation of 
Mr. Scammons at an article which appeared in a paper in 1844, of which he was 
one of the editors. He had a portion of the edition of the paper which 
contained it suppressed immediately; the article gave great offense, however, 
as it appeared in part of the edition, and was made a great handle of by the 
Democrats at that time to the injury of the Whigs. Mr. S.'s principles of 
civil and religious policy are of too broad and comprehensive a character to 
accept for a moment the narrow and bigoted platform of that party, which of 
late has had, for a short time, such a prominent position in our national and 
State politics.

Mr. Scammon, in 1849, re-organized the Chicago Marine and Fire Insurance 
Company, an institution which had been chartered in 1836, as a monied 
corporation, but which had suspended business, although it never had suspended 
payment. He was one of the chief stockholders under the new organization, and 
the President of the Company. It commenced with a nominal capital of about 
$35,000, and an actual cash capital of not exceeding $25,000. Under his 
auspices as President, the institution has gradually increased its capital, 
and extended its business, until it has now an actual cash capital of half a 
million of dollars, and is the largest monied institution in the State.

Mr. Scammon likes to be a pioneer, judging from his past life. He was the 
first Swedenborgian in Northern Illinois; the first homeopath; and was among 
the first and most efficient organizers and supporters of the Galena and 
Chicago Union Railroad. He also established the first bank under the General 
Banking law of this State—the Marine Bank of Chicago. He organized the Chicago 
Society of the New Jerusalem, when it had only three members, one other beside 
himself and wife. He also organized, in connection with three other gentlemen, 
the Illinois Association of the same Church. When there were probably not over 
a dozen Swedenborgians in the whole State.

Mr. Scammon possesses excellent business tact and management, which is evinced 
not only in his own prosperity, in the accumulation and investment of a large 
private fortune, but in the success of the many enterprises in which he was 
one of the pioneers. He was one of the original stockholders of the Galena; 
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and several other railroads. Though never a 
speculator, Mr. Scammon has become wealthy by judicious and prudent business 
habits. He is at the present time owner of large and productive real estate in 
the very centre of the business part of our city. His policy has been not to 
speculate, by running in debt, but to invest his surplus earning and thus reap 
the advantage of the steady rise of property by the growth of the city. To 
this policy, together with his industry and economy, he owes his present 
prosperous position, financially speaking. Mr. S. is a great advocate for the 
singleness of employments, nevertheless, his practice does not conform to his 
theory in this respect, as he is banker, lawyer, real estate owner, and has a 
large interest in railroads himself. It has been asserted by some—perhaps 
those too envious of another's prosperity—that accommodations from the old 
Illinois State Bank contributed to Mr. Scammon's wealth. This is a mistake; he 
never borrowed a dollar from the bank, or had any accommodation from it, or 
purchased a foot of land, or other property belonging to it, except at public 
sale, in competition with others. The only favor the bank ever did him was to 
select him as its attorney. He had no other connection with it.

In his profession Mr. S. has stood deservedly high, and at one time had the 
most lucrative practice of any lawyer in the city. In fact he has generally 
had more business than he could attend to, and of late years, his banking and 
other matters have demanded so much of his attention, that he has for the last 
two or three years given little time to his profession. In 1849 he took Mr. 
Ezra B. McCagg, who had been his confidential law clerk, for two years 
previously, into partnership, and they have since practiced together. He has 
always been a friend to young men, and has had a very large number of students 
in his office. These it has ever been his habit to accustom to the details of 
practice, thus grounding them well in the most important particulars in the 
profession. Thus he has been successful, in almost every instance, in making 
good practical lawyers of his students. The advantages of the thorough 
training received by students in the office of Mr. Scammon, is fully indicated 
by the fact, that of all the young men who have been under his supervision, 
not more than two have failed to turn out well.

Mr. S., like all men of positive principles, is decided in his opinions, still 
he is liberal and kind to those who disagree with him. Indeed a majority of 
the young men in his office, who have received his assistance, countenance and 
support, have been, in political opinions, opposite to himself.

Though Mr. S. has devoted himself for many years so arduously to the law, and 
also been deeply immersed in business, he has not forgotten his early love for 
literature and the fine arts. He continues still to cultivate it. He writes on 
political and religious subjects, gives public lectures, &e. In conversation 
he is entertaining, his information being general and varied, and his desire 
to impart it, a natural attribute of the man. He reads and speaks several 
modern languages with fluency, and continues his early study of the classics, 
to which he has always been drawn by his taste for ancient literature.

Mr. S. is blessed with the companionship of a congenial partner, a lady 
everyway qualified to contribute to his happiness, and an interesting family 
of children, the oldest grown to a fine looking young man, who is receiving 
the benefit of as good an education as his father's means and position can 
afford.

Mr. S. still continues to work as heretofore, though less in his profession. 
To the question "Why do you not give up business?" he replied, "I have no 
right to do so. Use is the central principle of Heaven, and no one can be 
happy, except in the degree in which he is occupied in some useful employment."


Additional Comments:
Source: Chicago Magazine, The West As It Is, Vol. 1, March 1857, No. 1


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