Crawford County IL Archives History - Books .....Chapter XVII Martin And Southwest Townships 1883
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Book Title: HISTORY OF CRAWFORD AND CLARK COUNTIES, ILLINOIS

CHAPTER XVII.*
* By G.N. Berry.

MARTIN AND SOUTHWEST TOWNSHIPS—POSITION AND BOUNDARIES—FORMATION OF
SOUTHWEST—WATER COURSES—SOIL—PRODUCTIONS—TIMBER—PIONEER SETTLEMENT—EARLY
INCIDENTS AND INDUSTRIES—LIFE IN THE WILDERNESS—EARLY ROADS—CHURCH AND SCHOOL
HISTORY—VILLAGES, ETC., ETC.

"Time though old is swift in flight."

THE unheeded lapse of time is the historian's greatest enemy. The events of one
day are so closely crowded by those of the next, and so much occupied are we
with the affairs of the present, that almost unawares we fulfill the scriptural
injunction: "Take no thought for the morrow." History is commonly defined to be
a record of past events, but shall we wait till the events must be recalled by
defective memories before we record them? Then we get no perfect history, for no
memory is infallible, and often he who thinks himself most sure is least to be
relied upon. In recording the annals of even so small a place as a single
township, absolute justice can not be given, as many events of importance,
together with the actors who participated therein have been forgotten through
the lapse of time. The division of Crawford County, which forms the subject of
this chapter, originally embraced the present townships of Martin and Southwest,
and included in all fifty-six square miles of territory, with the following
boundaries: Oblong Township on the north, Robinson on the east, Lawrence and
Richland counties on the south, and Jasper County on the west.

   A few years after township organization (1869), that portion lying south of
the Embarras was formed into a distinct division with the river for its northern
boundary, and named Southwest Township. The formation of Southwest was brought
about by petition signed by the citizens of that part of the country, and chief
among the several reasons urged in favor of the division was the difficulty
experienced in reaching the voting place on account of high water during certain
seasons of the year. The history of the two townships, however, is identical,
and in the pages which follow we speak of them both as one division. The
township is well watered and drained by the Embarras river. Big Creek, Dogwood
Branch, Honey Creek and their affluents which traverse the country in various
directions. Embarras river, the principal stream of importance, flows between
the two townships, crossing the western boundary in section 4, and passing a
north easterly direction about four miles, and unites with Big Creek in section
8. From this point the channel deflects to the southwest, leaving the township
from section 24 about one mile north of the southern boundary. The stream flows
through a well wooded but somewhat flat country, and affords the principal
drainage for the western and southern portions of the county. Big Creek, the
second stream in size, flows a southerly direction, through the central part of
the township, and passes in its course through sections 21, 22, 29 and 32 of
town 6, and section 5 of town 5. Dogwood Branch is the largest tributary, which
it receives in section 29, in the northern part of the township. Honey Creek
flows through a somewhat broken portion of country, lying in the eastern part of
the township, and empties into the Embarras in section 13. The general surface
of the township is what might be termed level with undulations of an irregular
character in the southeastern part and along the streams enumerated. About three
fourths of the area is woodland, the forest growth consisting principally of the
different varieties of oak, hickory, ash, maple, with walnut, elm and sycamore
skirting the creeks. When first settled the woods were almost entirely devoid of
undergrowth, owing to the prevalence of forest and prairie fires, which swept
over the country in fall of each year. With the improvement of the land these
fires ceased, and in woods which have not been disturbed a rank growth of
"underbush" has sprung up, principally spice, pawpaw, grapevine, dogwood and
many other varieties. The northeast corner of the township is occupied by an arm
of the Grand Prairie, which embraces an area equivalent to about eight sections.
The prairie presents a very level surface and affords many inducements to the
stock-raiser, as the greater portion of it is much better adapted to pasturage
than to general farming. The south end of Oblong Prairie extends into the
northwest part of the township, while a strip of prairie land about five miles
long and one mile wide extends along the southern boundary. The soil of the land
lying remote from the water courses is a gray clay-loam mixed with gravel, while
the low ground adjacent to the creeks possesses a deep black, mucky soil, rich
in decayed vagetable matter and very fertile. Corn and wheat are the staple
productions of the wooded portions of the country, while corn and grass are the
leading crops raised on the prairies. Taken as a whole the township is not so
well adapted to agriculture as the northern and eastern divisions of the county,
but as a fruit growing country it stands second to no other township.

   The early settlement of Martin Township, like all portions of the county, is
somewhat obscured, and we are left in a great measure to conjecture. It is
thought, however, that one Daniel Martin was the first to make improvements, and
it is certain that he made the first entry of land as early as the year 1830. He
was a native of the State of Georgia, and left his childhood home some years
prior to the dawn of the present century, and settled in Kentucky. He married in
the latter State and emigrated to Illinois about the year 1810, settling, with a
number of others who accompanied him near the present site of Palestine. His
journey to the new country was' replete with many incidents, some of them of a
decidedly unpleasant nature, for at that time the country was full of Indians,
many of whom were inclined to be troublesome. Martin packed his few household
goods on one horse and his family on another and thus the trip through the
wilderness was made in safety, though they were surrounded at different times by
hostile redskins, and it was only through Martin's firmness that the lives of
the little company were spared to reach their destination. Upon his arrival at
Palestine, Martin found himself in possession of sufficient means to purchase
thirty acres of land on which a previous settler had made a few rude
improvements. During the Indian troubles he figured as a brave fighter and
participated in many bloody hand-to-hand combats with the savages, whom he hated
with all the intensity of his strong rugged nature. Being a great hunter, he
passed much of his time in the woods, and in one of his hunting tours he chanced
to pass through the central part of this township, and being pleased with the
appearance of the country he decided to make a location here and secure a home.
He was induced to take this step from two considerations: one for the purpose of
securing more land than he at that time possessed, and the other being his
desire to rid himself of society, for the usages and conventionalities of which
he had the most profound contempt. He sold his little farm to Joshua Crews in
the year 1830, and from the proceeds was enabled to enter eighty acres of
government land, which he did soon after, selecting for his home the east half
of the southeast quarter of section 34, in town 6 north, range 13 west. He
immediately began improving, his land by erecting thereon a good log cabin
twenty by eighteen feet, to which he moved his large family as soon as the
building was raised and roofed. Martin did but little work on the farm, leaving
that labor to be performed by his daughters, of whom there were several buxom
lasses who inherited their father's powerful physical strength in a marked
degree. They opened the farm, did almost all the plowing, chopped wood and
looked after the interests of the place in general, while the father's rifle
kept the family well supplied with fresh meat. Upon one occasion while out
hunting, he had a narrow escape from being shot, under the following
circumstances: He and a companion, who was getting old and had defective
eyesight, started out one morning in quest of deer, Martin riding his favorite
steed, "Old Ball." A fine buck was soon started to which the hunters gave chase.
Martin, who was an expert shot, directed his comrade to circle round a certain
piece of woods for the purpose of dislodging the deer, while he would remain
stationary and drop it as it went by. The hunter followed the directions as well
as he could, but being misled by his nearsightedness, soon got back near the
spot where Martin was stationed. Seeing, as he supposed, the deer among the
branches, and thinking to surprise Martin, he "drew bead" and fired. The
surprise was complete both to Martin and himself, for no sooner was the gun
discharged than Martin's voice broke the stillness in the following terse
exclamation: "There, by the gods, poor Ball's gone." The horse had been shot
dead. Martin lived on his place about thirty-three years, and died in 1863 at
the age of seventy-six years. Two daughters, Mrs. Shipman and Mrs. Thomas, are
living in the township at the present time. The old homestead is owned and
occupied by Esau Hardin. The next actual settler of whom we have any knowledge
was Abel Pryor, who located near the village of Hardinsville in the year 1831.
He was born in Kentucky and moved from that State to Illinois in an early day
and settled near the Palestine fort. Here he became acquainted with a daughter
of John Martin, between whom and himself a mutual attachment sprang up which
soon terminated in matrimony. After his marriage Pryor moved to Coles County,
where he lived about three years, when, becoming dissatisfied with the country,
he came to this township and entered land in section 26, at the date mentioned.
He possessed many of the characteristics of the successful business man, to
which were added an almost inordinate love of out-door sports, especially
hunting, which continued to be his favorite amusement as long as he lived. He
became the possessor of several tracts of valuable land, and raised a large
family, consisting of sixteen children, a number of whom still reside in the
township. Pryor died in the year 1875. A man by name of Huffman settled in the
eastern part of the township about the same time that Pryor came to the country,
but of him nothing is known save that he made a few improvements on land which
was entered by Absalom Higgins two years later. William Wilkinson settled near
what is known as the Dark Bend on the Embarras River, in 1831, where he cleared
a small farm. A short time after his arrival he married a daughter of Daniel
Martin, which is said to have been the first wedding that occurred in the
township. He afterward entered land on the lower end of Oblong Prairie, where he
resided until his death, which occurred about the year 1863.

   Among other pioneers who secured homes in the township in 1831 was William
Shipman, who located near the site of Hardinsvilie village. Shipman was a native
of Indiana and a man of considerable prominence in the community, having been
noted for his industry and business tact. He entered land in section 34 a few
years later and was one of the principal movers in the laying out of
Hardinsvilie. His marriage with Virginia, daughter of Daniel Martin, about three
years after his arrival, was the second event of the kind that transpired in the
township. In the year 1832 the following persons and their families were added
to the township's population: Hezekiah Martin, Zachariah Thomas and Absalom
Higgins. The first-named was a nephew of Daniel Martin. He was a native of
Kentucky and came with his uncle to Illinois, and lived until the year 1832 on a
small farm near Palestine. The farm which he improved in this township lies in
section 34, near Hardinsvilie. He lived here about five years, when he traded
his place to Ephraim Kiger for a mill on Brushy Run in Honey Creek Township, to
which he moved in the year 1838. Higgins, to whom reference has already been
made, settled in the eastern part of the township on land which had been
improved by Huffman, whom he bought out. He immigrated to this State from
Kentucky, and was, like many of the early settlers of the county, a pioneer
hunter of the most pronounced type. He kept a large number of dogs, with which
he hunted wolves, and was instrumental, in a great measure, in ridding the
county of these pests. On one occasion, while out hunting, his dogs brought a
large panther to bay, but were afraid to attack it. Higgins encouraged the dogs
for the purpose, he said, of "seeing some fun," but was very soon sorry for what
he did, when he saw two of his favorites bite the dust. At this juncture he
thought it was time for him to act, so he took deliberate aim at the beast and
fired. Instead of the shot taking effect on the panther, it killed one of his
dogs, as they were running around and barking at a fearful rate, another and
another shot were fired, which only wounded the wild animal, and a fourth
discharge laid out another of the dogs. Finally, after discharging seventeen
shots and killing three dogs, he succeeded in bringing the ferocious animal to
the ground. Higgins was a resident of the township until the year 1863, at which
time he sold his possessions to Garrett Wilson and moved to Terre Haute,
Indiana. Thomas was a Kentuckian, and made his first improvements in section 34.
But little can be said of him—at least in his favor, as he was not what one
would call a valuable acquisition to a community. Among the more prominent
settlers of the township is remembered Thomas R. Boyd, who moved here from
Palestine about the year 1836 and located a short distance from Hardinsvilie. He
was one of the early pioneers of the county, having moved from Kentucky to
Palestine when the latter place was a mere hamlet of two or three houses. He was
a prominent farmer, and one of the first stock-dealers in the township, at which
business he accumulated considerable wealth. His death occurred in the year
1877. His widow and two daughters are residing in Martin at the present time.
Samuel R. Boyd, a brother of the preceding, came out on a visit from his native
State about the year 1S37, and being pleased with the country, he determined to
locate here and make it his home, which decision was strengthened by the earnest
solicitation of his brother's family. He married, soon after his arrival, a
young lady by name of Haskins, and immediately went to work and soon had a fine
farm under successful cultivation. He sold his farm to a man by name of Baker,
in the year 1850, and moved to Fort Jackson in the adjoining township of Honey
Creek. Other settlers came in from time to time, among whom were John Garrard,
Alfred Griswold, Benjamin Boyd, John Thomas and Robert Boyd. Garrard improved a
farm in section 23, on land which he obtained from the government in the year
1838. He was, like the majority of pioneers in this section of the county, a
native of Kentucky, and raised the largest family in the township. He was the
father of seventeen children, the majority of whom grew up to manhood and
womanhood. Griswold entered a large tract of land in section 15, but did not
improve it. Thomas was a son-in-law of Daniel Martin, and a man of but little
consequence in the community. His distinguishing characteristic was a dislike
for anything known as work, and his laziness became proverbial throughout his
entire neighborhood. Benjamin and Thomas Boyd were brothers of the Boyds
already, alluded to, and like them were men of enterprise and character.
Benjamin and Ezekiel Bogart, two brothers, came to the township in an early day
and located at the Dark Bend near the central part of the township. They made
but few Improvements; and if all reports concerning them are true, many acts of
lawlessness were traced to their doors. A short time after their arrival William
Wilkinson, Jackson Inlow, David Inlow, Jerry Wilkinson, Ephraim Wilkinson, and
Thomas Inlow, made their appearance and settled in the same locality. They were
all men of doubtful character, and their neighborhood became widely noted as a
place of bad repute. 'Tis said, upon good authority, that the Bend was noted for
years as the rendezvous of a gang of horse-thieves and outlaws who chose it as a
secure refuge from the minions of the law. Many crimes of a much darker shade
than stealing are said to have been committed among the somber recesses of the
thick woods, and persons having occasion to pass through that locality always
went well armed. The following fatal termination of a deadly feud which existed
between two brothers, Jack and Thomas Inlow, is related: It appears that both
brothers became enamored of the same woman, a widow of unsavory reputation by
name of May. A bitter jealousy soon sprang up, which was augmented by the woman,
who encouraged the visits of both, and so bitter did this feeling become that
threats of violence were openly made by the two desperate men. They both
happened to meet at the "siren's" house one day and a terrible quarrel ensued,
during which weapons were drawn and freely used. In the fight which followed,
Thomas was fatally shot, and died soon afterward. David was arrested and lodged
in the Palestine jail. He was tried for murder, but was cleared on the ground of
self-defense. The woman married again soon afterward, but was never heard to
express a regret for the sad occurrence of which she was the cause.

   The following persons additional to the settlers already enumerated, made
entries of land in the township prior to the year 1840: Bethel Martin, in
section 22; William B. Martin, section 22; Robert Goss, in section 25; Benjamin
Myers, in section 30; and Foster Donald, in section 22. The last named is the
oldest settler in the township at the present time, having been identified with
the country's growth and development since the year 1839. (See biography.) Mrs.
Donald relates that during the first summer of their residence in the township,
her husband was absent the greater part of the time making brick at Palestine.
In his absence she was left alone, and in addition to her domestic duties, she
was compelled to look after the interests of the place, and many lonely nights
were passed in the little cabin while the wolves chased around the house and
scratched upon the door trying to get in. Probably in no other part of the
county were the wolves as troublesome as in this township, and for a number of
years the settlers found it very difficult to raise any stock on account of
them. Their attacks were not always confined to cattle and sheep, as the
following will go to prove: A Mr. Waldrop shot a deer upon one occasion, and
dressed it in the woods; while in the act of hanging the meat on a limb, he was
set upon by a pack of wolves and compelled to flee for his life. After devouring
the part of the deer left on the ground the wolves followed up the trail of
Waldrop, and soon overtook him. He shot two of his pursuers, but soon found
himself in a death struggle with his fierce assailants. His clothing was almost
stripped from his body and a number of ugly wounds inflicted, when he gained a
tree near by, which he ascended. He passed the long, cold night in his lofty
perch listening to the wild howls of his gaunt enemies, and was not relieved
until the following morning. Many devices were resorted to by the settlers to
rid the county of the wolves, the most popular of which was the Sunday hunts,
when all the citizens for miles around would start at a given signal, and close
in on a circle. This would bring the wolves close together when they could be
easily shot. Another serious hindrance to the pioneer farmer was the numerous
flocks of crows which infested the country. These birds destroyed almost entire
fields of corn, and premiums were offered for their destruction. Grain-fields
had to be carefully watched, and when the field was very large, dogs were tied
in different places to scare the birds away, while the man with his gun watched
the other parts. The settlers obtained their flour and meal from the early mills
at Palestine and Lawrenceville, and in later years the little mill belonging to
Joseph Wood in Oblong Township was patronized. The first mill in Martin was
built by a Mr. York as early as the year 1840 and stood on the Embarras in the
southwest part of the township. It was a water-mill with two run of buhrs, and
for several years did a very good business. A saw was afterward attached, which
proved a very paying venture. York operated the mill a short time when he sold
to Alexander Stewart who run it very successfully for about twenty years. A man
by name of Williams then purchased it, and in turn sold to John Baker, who
operated it but few years. It ceased operations a number of years ago, when the
dam washed out. The old building is still standing a monument of days gone by. A
steam flouring mill was erected at the little village of Freeport about the year
1848, but by whom was not learned. It was a good mill with two run of buhrs, and
for a number of years was extensively patronized. The last owners were McNeiss
and Sons. An early industry of the township was the Ruby distillery, which stood
about two and a half miles east of the village of Hardinsville. It was erected
in the year 1858 and ceased operations about the year 1862, the proprietor being
unable to pay the large revenue demanded by the government. It had a capacity of
about one hundred gallons of whisky per day, and during the years it was run
before the war, did a very good business. But little can be said of the early
churches of Martin, as the first settlers were not all religiously inclined.
Sunday was their gala day, and was generally spent in hunting, horse racing, or
in athletic sports, such as jumping, wrestling, etc., favorite amusements during
pioneer times.

   The first religious exercises were conducted by Elder Stephen Canady, a
Baptist minister, at Daniel Martin's barn. This meeting had been announced
several days previous, and when the hour for services arrived, the barn was
partially filled with women and children. The men accompanied their families,
but did not go into the sanctuary; at the close of the service, each sturdy
pioneer shouldered his gun which he always carried with him, and spent the
remainder of the day in the woods, much to the minister's disgust. Jesse York, a
Methodist preacher, living in Oblong Township, organized a small class at the
residence of Jacob Garrard about the year 1846. The original members of this
class as far as known were Jacob Garrard and wife, Polly Garrard, Margaret
Higgins, Caroline Donald, Lillis Peacock and wife, Samuel R. Boyd and wife, and
John Haskins and wife. York preached several years and was a man of great zeal
and piety. Dr. Hally, of Hebron, was an early preacher and did much towards
building up the congregation. Garrard's residence was used as a meeting place
until a school-house was erected in the neighborhood. Services were held in the
school-house at stated intervals until the year 1881, when in conjunction with
the United Brethren, the church erected a very commodious temple of worship
about two miles north of Hardinsville on ground donated by Foster Donald. The
building is a frame structure with a seating capacity of about two hundred and
fifty, and cost the sum of $300.

   The Hardinsville Christian church was organized about the year 1850 with a
substantial membership. Services were conducted at the Hardinsville school-house
until the year 1858, when their present house of worship was erected. It was
built principally by donation of work by the citizens of the vicinity and
represents a capital of about $600. It is a frame house 30x40 feet and will
comfortably seat two hundred persons. Among the pastors, and stated supplies of
the church were Elder Morgan, Allan G. McNees, to whose efforts the society is
indebted for much of its success. F. M. Shirk, ____ Beard, ____ Lockhart, P. C.
Cauble, John Crawford and Salathiel Lamb, the last named being pastor in charge
at the present time. The present membership is about forty. A Methodist class
was organized at Hardinsville a number of years ago, with a membership of about
thirty; meetings were held in the school-house for some years, and efforts were
made at one time to erect a house of worship. The house was never built,
however, and the class was finally disbanded. A second class was organized at
the same place in the year 1882 by Rev. Dee. About twenty members belonged to
this class and worship was regularly held at the school-house for one year. The
old school-house was sold in the fall of 1881, and a new one erected, in which
religious services were not allowed to be held. Since then there have been no
regular meetings of the society. At the present time efforts are being made to
build a meeting house. The United Brethren have a good society which meets for
worship in the new church north of Hardinsville, to which we have already
alluded. The society is in a flourishing condition and numbers among its members
some of the best citizens of the country.

   The Missionary Baptists have a society in the eastern part of the township,
which is large and well attended. They have no house of worship but use a
school-house for church purposes.

   The first school in the township was taught about the year 1842, in a little
hewed log house which stood a short distance south of Hardinsville. The name of
the first teacher and particulars concerning his school could not be learned.
The house was moved to the village a short time afterward and was used for
school and church purposes a great many years. The second school-house was built
about four years later and stood on the Bethel Martin farm north of
Hardinsville. It was a hewed log structure also, and was first used by William
Cunningham in the winter of 1846 and 1847. Cunningham's school was attended by
about twenty pupils, and he is remembered as a very competent instructor. Samuel
Blakely and Miss Dee were early teachers at this place also. A third house was
erected about two miles west of Hardinsville in the year 1850. It was built of
plank, and was in constant use until 1882, when it was torn down and replaced by
a more commodious frame structure. Another early school-house stood east of the
village on land which belonged to a Mr. Dewcomer. It was built about the year
1856 and was in use until 1880. At the present time there are ten good frame
houses in the township, all of which are well furnished with all the modern
educational appliances. The schools are well supported and last from four to
seven months in the year.

   The village of Hardinsville is situated in the southwestern part of the
township in section 34, and dates history from September, 1847. It was laid out
by Daniel Martin, purely as a speculation venture, but the growth of the town
never came up to his expectations. While the village plat was being surveyed
Martin was interrogated by a by-stander as to what his intentions were in
locating a town in such an out-of-the way place. The old man replied in his
characteristic humor, "Why, by the gods, twenty years from this time will see a
second St. Louis right on this spot or I am no true prophet." William Shipman
erected a store building and engaged in the mercantile business about the time
the village was laid out. He sold both house and goods to Charles Inman two
years later who increased the stock and did a very good business for about three
years when he closed out and moved from the place.

   Among the first business men of the village was one Daniel Miller, a rough
character, who kept a small grocery and whisky shop which was the resort of all
the desperadoes of the country. This place became such an eyesore to the
community that efforts were made to induce Miller to quit the whisky business
and turn his attention to other pursuits. To all these efforts, however, he
turned a deaf ear, and instead of the "dive" becoming more civil it became worse
and worse. At last the patience of the better class of citizens, became
exhausted, and as a dernier resort a keg of powder was placed under the
building, after the carousers had left, the charge was exploded, and the last
seen of the saloon it was flying skyward in minute fragments. This had the
desired effect, and no saloon was started in the town again for many years. A
man by name of Rhodes was an early merchant and sold goods in a little building
which stood on the corner where Hicks' store now stands. John Higgins was an
early merchant also; he occupied the building in which Inman's store was kept
and continued in the business about two years. The Preston brothers came in
about the year 1855, and erected a large business house on the corner of Market
and Main streets, which they stocked with goods to the amount of $10,000. At one
time they did as much, if not more business than any other firm in the county,
and accumulated considerable wealth during their stay in the village. "Jack"
Hasket succeeded them in the year 1861, and continued the business until 1870,
when he sold out to Miller & Parker. The firm was afterward changed to Parker &
Kid well and the store moved to the village of Oblong. At the present time there
is but one store in the place. It is kept by G. B. Hicks in a large frame
building which was erected by William F. Bottoms in the year 1872.

   The Hardinsville Lodge No. 756 A. F. & A. M. was organized October, 1878,
with the following charter members: William Dyar, Green B. Hicks, Robert E.
Haskins, John Mulvean, John M. Donnell, John E. Cullom, Fay K. Wallar, James
Shipman, Mills Hughes, Joseph C. Hughes and Thomas H. Haskins. The first
officers were William Dyar, W. M; G. B. Hicks, S. W.; and Robert E. Haskins,
J. W. The officers in charge at the present time are, John Mulvean, W. M.; John
M. Donnell, S. W.; James Shipman, J. W.; G. B. Hicks, S. D.; Mills Hughes,
Treas.; C. J. Price, Sect.; C. P. Carlton, J. D. Present membership about
twelve. Meetings are held in hall over G. B. Hicks' store.

  In the year 1855 a small village was laid out in the western part of the
township by Andrew Nichols, and named Freeport. For several years it was
considered a very good trading point and supported two good stores, one mill and
a blacksmith shop. These in time disappeared, and a general decay fastened
itself upon the once promising town. At the present time nothing remains of the
village save a few dismantled and dilapidated dwellings.


Additional Comments:
Extracted From:

HISTORY OF CRAWFORD AND CLARK COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.
EDITED BY WILLIAM HENRY PERRIN.

ILLUSTRATED

CHICAGO: O. L. BASKIN & CO., HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS,
LAKESIDE BUILDING.
1883.

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