History of 3rd Illinois Cavalry

3rd Illinois Cavalry
Regiment History

Adjutant General's Report

The Third Cavalry was composed of twelve companies, coming together from 
various localities in the state. Company A was raised in Sangamon 
County, B in Tazewell, Company C in Cass, Company D in Bond, Company E 
in Saline and Gallatin, Company F in Adams, Company G in Brown, Company 
H in Fulton, Company I in McLean, Company K in Livingston, Company L in 
Macoupin, Company M in Christian and adjoining counties, making a grand 
total of company officers and enlisted men, under first organization, of 
1,433.

The Regiment was organized at Camp Butler, in August, 1861, by Colonel 
Eugene A. Carr, an officer of the regular army, and graduate of West 
Point, where it remained under instruction in drill and the school of 
the soldier, until the 25th of September, at which date the Regiment 
moved to St. Louis, Mo.

On the 1st of October the Regiment advanced to Jefferson City, and from 
thence marched to Warsaw, where it arrived on the 11th, capturing a 
large store of supplies. Remaining in camp building a bridge across the 
Osage River, which, being completed, the march was continued on the 23d 
in the direction of Springfield, Mo., to Colonel Carr's Brigade, 
Brigadier General Asboth's Division, under the personal command of Major 
General Freemont.  Soon after arriving at Springfield on the 2d of 
November, Major General Hunter assumed command of the army, superceding 
General Freemont, who had been in command just one hundred days.

November 13th, the First and Sceond Battalion of the Third Cavalry, 
retired to Rolla, Mo., with the army. The Third Battalion, in command of 
Major Ruggles, remained with General Siegel's Division, scouting and 
protecting the rear of the retreating army, being the last to leave 
Springfield to the occupancy of the enemy.

The Regiment arrived at Rolla on the 19th of November, and remained 
until the 29th of December, when it moved in the advance of General 
Curtis' army, for Springfield and the southwest.

Tarrying a few days at Camp Ruggles, the Regiment, with Colonel Carr's 
Division, arrived at Marshfield on the 11th of February, a small force 
of the enemy fleeing before it. On the 13th, the Regiment went into camp 
about eight miles from Springfield, when Major Ruggles asked and 
obtained leave to advance with his Battalion four miles further on, 
where the enemy was met, and the first engagement fought, and the first 
victory won in the Curtis campaign, by the Third Battalion of the Third 
Cavalry.

On the 14th the army occupied Springfield, General Price and his army 
fleeing to the south. On the 15th our forces came up on the retreating 
army at Crone Creek and captured some prisoners. On the 15th, at Sugar 
Creek, the Third Battalion participated in a cavalry charge, routing the 
enemy. On the 20th, the Third Battalion marched to Cross Hollows, 
Arkansas, where a portion of the army remained until the 5th of March. 
On that afternoon our scouts encountered an overpowering force advancing 
on Cross Hollows. Couriers were at once sent to Colonel Vandever's 
Brigade at Huntsville, and to General Siegel's Division at Bentonville, 
(who was already engaged with the enemy,) notifying them to concentrate 
forces at Pea Ridge. Our army supplies at Cross Hollows were burned and 
destroyed, and during that cold and dreary night we fell back on Pea 
Ridge. On the 6th we were gettinh ready for the battle that was soon to 
be fought, meanwhile Vandever's Brigade, with the First and Second 
Battalion of the Third Cavalry, arrived in the evening, after a long and 
tedious march of 48 miles, and, General Siegel, being reinforced by 
Major Ruggles' Battalion, had fallen back to within three miles of Pea 
Ridge, forming the extreme left of our forces. Major Ruggles was elected 
as officer of the day and rode all night posting and visiting the line 
of pickets, some of whom were driven in during the night by the closing 
in of the enemy. At sunrise on the 7th, the battle opened fiercely with 
artillery and small arms, Siegel being three miles to the left of the 
main battle ground. The First and Third Battalions in Dodge's Brigade, 
and the Second in Vandever's Brigade were engaged all day, doing good 
service. At the end of the day's battle our forces had been beaten back, 
our army stores captured, and the night closed in with a gloomy 
prospect. On the morning of the 8th, General Siegel having defeated the 
enemy in his front, moved up and joined his forces on the left, 
supported by Major Ruggles Battalion.

The artillery opened all along our line, and soon, the enemy became 
badly demoaralized and the demoralization ended in a rout and stampede 
in all directions, giving us the field and the victory before noon of 
that eventful day.

In this three days desperate struggle against three times our number of 
men, the Third Cavalry performed its full share in the achievement of 
the victory, losing 10 killed and 40 wounded.

A week later the Third Cavalry, in command of General Asboth, made a 
flying visit to Fayetteville, Ark., driving out the enemy from that 
place.

On the 19th the Cavalry, with the army, moved back to Keytesville, Mo., 
where Lieutenant Colonel McCrellis, who had been absent for some time, 
and Major Hubbard, joined the Regiment. On the 10th of April went into 
camp for a few days at Forsyth, Ark. On the 14th moved to Little Red 
Rivere. On the 25th, in crossing White River, Captain McClellan of 
Company H, a brave and gallant officer, with five enlisted men, were 
drowned by the overturning of the ferry boat--a sad calamity.

On the 4th of June the Regiment fell back to Fairview. On the 7th 
Captain Sparks and 66 men were surrounded by 300 of the enemy's Cavalry, 
but cut their way out, losing four wounded and four taken prisoners. On 
the 11th the Regiment returned to Batesville, and moved on to 
Jacksonport.

During the long encampment at Helena, the Regiment participated in many 
raids, scouts, and foraging expeditions. Of the notable incidents, 
Captain Kirkbride made a raid on the St. Francis River, and Lieutenant 
Colonel Ruggles, with five companies, accompanied General Washburn in 
his expedition to Grenada, Mississippi--the object being to destroy 
railroads and bridges in rear of the enemy who were at the time being 
driven back by General Grant in the direction of Holly Springs. The raid 
was successful, but General Grant changed his plans--turned back--and we 
had to fall back to Helena in double-quick time.

The long stay at Helena proved to be demoralizing and disastrous. The 
place was sickly, from malaria and bad water, and the men languished 
with disease and inactivity.

On the 23d of December the Regiment, (except companies E and G) under 
command of Lieutenant Colonel Ruggles, embarked on transports, joining 
the forces moving on Vicksburg, under the command of Major General W.S. 
Sherman.

Arriving at Chicksaw Bayou, the Regiment was detailed for picket duty 
and escorts for Commanding Generals, and did good service in the 
disastrous attack on Haines' Bluff, - Companies A, K, L and M, in 
command of Captain Carnahan, being the last to embark after the battle.

Retiring from the Bayou, the Regiment moved up the river with the 
expedition in command of General McClernand, in the advance on Arkansas 
Post, where a lively battle was fought, 5,000 prisoners captured, and 
valuable service rendered by the Third Cavalry, which returned with the 
victorious army to Vicksburg.

In February, 1863, on account of high water interfering with cavalry 
operations, General Grant ordered five companies, with the Colonel and 
headquarters, to Memphis. From this time on the Regiment was decimated 
and crippled somewhat in its efficiency. Company L was assigned as 
escort to Major General McClernand, and Companies A, G, K and E, in 
command of Captain Carnahan, were assigned to duty under Brigadier 
General P.J. Osterhaus, in the Eighteenth Army Corps.  This Battalion 
took an honorable part in the battle of Port Gibson, Champion Hills, 
Black River Bridge and the siege of Vicksburg.

On the 16th of August the Battalion reported for duty to Major General 
Banks, and was assigned to Brigadier General Lee's Cavalry Division, 
taking part in the Western Louisiana campaign, and at Vermillionville, 
Opelousas and Carrion Crow Bayou. In December Major O'Connor took 
command of this Battalion, and moved to Port Hudson, and from thence to 
Memphis, again joining the Regiment, which had, since leaving Vicksburg, 
been engaged in active service along the line of the Memphis and 
Charleston Railroad, participating in the battles of Tupelo, Oklahoma, 
Guntown, Salem, and other engagements.

In the month of July, 1864, a large portion of the Regiment re-enlisted 
as veterans. The non-veterans, in command of Major O'Connor, were placed 
in charge of the garrison at Germantown. Captain Carnahan commanded a 
detachment of the Regiment in a scout into Western Kentucky during the 
month.

On the 21st of August, 1864, a large number of the Regiment, whose term 
of service had expired, embarked on transports for their homes in 
Illinois, which most of the enlisted men had not seen for three years, 
accompanied by Colonel McCrellis and Lieutenant Colonel Ruggles, the 
latter having never been absent from the army since he entered the 
Regiment. Arriving at their old camp, near Springfield, they were 
mustered out of service on the 5th of September, 1864, many of them 
disabled by the casualties of war and the ravages of disease.

The Veterans remaing took part in the repulse of General N.B. Forrest in 
his daring raid on Memphis, on the night of the 21st of August.

August 24 the Veterans were consolidated into six companies and Captain 
Carnahan promoted to Lieutenant Colonel.

On the 27th of September the Regiment, as re-organized, left Memphis, 
marched to and crossed the Tennessee River at Clifton, where it 
confronted Hood's Army. Then it fell back, and took part in the battle 
of Lawrenceburg, Spring Hill, Campbellsville and Franklin.

On the 15th of December the Regiment was on the extreme right of the 
First Brigade, Fifth Division, under command of Brigadier General Hatch, 
when the enemy's left was turned, and was the first to enter the enemy's 
works.

In January, 1865, the enemy having been driven across the Tennessee, the 
cavalry, under General Wilson, camped at Gravelly Springs, Alabama, and 
in February moved to Eastport.

In May, 1865, the Regiment returned to St. Louis, and from thence went 
to St. Paul, Minnesota, reporting for duty to Major General Curtis. On 
the 4th of July started on an Indian Expedition over the plains of 
Minnesota and Dakota, going north to the British possessions, and from 
thence returning by way of Devil's Lake and Fort Berthold; thence to 
Fort Snelling, arriving on the 1st of October, and reaching Springfield, 
Illinois, on the 18th of October, 1865, where it was mustered out of 
service - the last act in the drama of the Third Cavalry.

As will be seen, the Third Illinois Cavalry, during the fifty months of 
its service, did some quarrelling, some fighting, some raiding and 
scouting, some ornamental work around headquarters - possibly too much 
of that, -and it marched more thousands of miles than any one can tell. 
Some of the boys may have plucked ripe chickens from rebel roosts, and 
they may have been in at the untimely death of some of the rebel pigs, - 
and they may have done other things not necessary to be mentioned in 
history, - but in the aggregate of all that was done and accomplished by 
this military organization, by both officers and men, it may be said in 
all candor that as a body of patriotic men, as soldiers and citizens, 
they are deserving well of the State and the Nation.


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