Birth records : Jennings, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana (now Jefferson Davis Parish) Jan. 10, 1909 - June 25, 1911 Submitted by Kathy LaCombe-Tell ******** Legal Notice ******** Submitted to the LAGenWeb Archives http://www.usgwarchives.net/la/lafiles.htm ~~~~~~~~~ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://theusgenweb.net/copyright.htm ~~~~~~~~~ The state of Louisiana did not keep birth records prior to 1914, making these birth records very valuable. The City of Jennings, under the administration of Mayor William T. Cagnon, Jr. and City Clerk, Saday Manuel, gave the original birth certificates to the Jennings Carnegie Public Library where they are kept in a fire proof cabinet. The Daughters of the American Revolution of Louisiana, Live Oak Chapter Jennings, Louisiana recorded these births in 1985. The book can be found at several Louisiana Libraries. Many of these birth records did not contain complete information. They are abstracted here as they were found in the original documents, as nearly as possible. The following abbreviations have been used: b birth bp birth place F Father M Mother m.a. medical attendant M.D. Medical Doctor occ. occupation O.W. out of wedlock yrs. years Page 1 LeBeuf, unnamed infant Colored female, b 10 Jan.1909, N. Market St.; F & M, F. N. LeBeuf, O. W., 45 yrs., bp LA, occ. saw mill operator & Miss Desorche 40 yrs., bp LA; child #8, living 7; m.a. D. A. Berwick. Kenniston, Ruth White girl, b 4 Feb.1909 5 P.M., cor. 6th St. & Cutting Ave.; F & M, J. B. Kenniston 49 yrs., bp U.S., occ. merchant & Lucy Blickenstaff, 37 yrs., bp U.S.; child #1,living 1; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Sockrider, unnamed infant White female, b 23 Jan.1909; F & M, Guy Sockrider, occ. "Look like a farmer" & Miss Myrtle Clark, C. E. Terry, M.D. Clark, unnamed infant White female, b 23 Jan.1909; F, W. B. Clark; C. E. Terry, M.D. Conner, unnamed infant White male, b 23 Jan.1909; F, E. D. Conner; C. E. Terry, M.D. Davis, unnamed male White male, b 20 Jan.1909; F & M, Howard Davis bp U.S.; Occ. mill hand & _____ bp U.S.; child #1, living 1; m.a. ______ Teall, unnamed infant White male, b 8 March 1909, Church St.; F & M, H. A. Teall, o.w., 28 yrs., bp America, occ. tailor & Jeania Burnett, 27 yrs., bp America; child #4, living 3; E. J. Perrault. Jones, unnamed infant White male, b 8 March 1909; F & M, B. M. Jones, O.W., 50 yrs., bp U.S.A., occ. farmer & Laura Thornton bp U.S.A.; child #2, living 1; D. A. Berwick, M.D. Rankin, unnamed infant White male, b 8 March 1909; F, G. H. Rankin; C. E. Terry, M.D. Richert, unnamed infant White male, b 13 March 1909; F & M, A. W. Richert 33 yrs., bp America, occ. barber & Barbara Conlon bp America; child #1, living 1; E. J. Perrault, M.D. Morgan, David White male, b 11 March 1909; F & M Albert Morgan 30 yrs., bp Tenn., occ. teamster & Emma Sawyer, 26 yrs. bp Kentucky; child #2, living 1; Dr. C. E. Hunter. Taylor, unnamed infant White female, b 20 March 1909, E. Davies Ave.; F & M, Robert E. Taylor 30 yrs., bp S. Dakota, occ. farmer & Nettie J. Patterson 27 yrs. bp Iowa; child #4, living 3; m.a. N. S. Craig. Page 2 Keilman, unnamed infant White female, b 21 March 1909, Academy Ave.; F & M, Dan. 0. Keilman, 33 yrs., bp Indiana, occ. machinist & Olive May Casner, 29 yrs. bp Illinois child #2, living 2; N. S. Craig. Lasher, Clarence Arthur White male, b 21 March 1909, Oil Refinery East of Jennings; F & M Arthur T. Lasher 23 yrs., bp Warren, Pa., occ. oil man & Cora Della Owerin, 20 yrs. bp Indiana; child #1, living 1; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Mitcheltree, unnamed infant White male, b 10 April 1909, Cutting Ave.; F & M, V. A. Mitcheltree, bp LA, & Martha Turned, bp LA; child #1, living 1; D. A. Berwick, M.D. Mayo, unnamed infant White female, b 26 April 1909; F & M, Ernest A. Mayo, bp America, occ. lawyer & Millie I. Busch bp America; child #2, living 2; E. J. Perrault, M.D. Warrell, unnamed infant White female, b 22 April 1909, 14 Main St.; F & M William Warrell 35 yrs., bp Iowa, occ. laborer & Russell 25 yrs, bp Iowa; child #1, living 1; N. S. Craig. Mansen, unnamed infant White male, b 22 May 1909; F & M, Abraham Mansen 60 yrs., bp Tripoli, Syria, occ. merchant & Labile Antone 42 yrs., bp Tripoli, Syria; child #9, living 7, E. J. Perrault. Joseph, unnamed infant White male, b 21 May 1909; F & M, Michael Joseph, O.W., 36 yrs. bp Tripoli, Syria, occ. merchant & Miss Katie Mansen 23 yrs., bp Tripoli, Syria; child #4, living 3;. E. J. Perrault, M.D. Perrault, unnamed child White male, b 31 May 1909, Academy Ave.; F & M, Dr. E. J. Perrault 36 yrs. bp Mississippi, occ. Physician & Surgeon & Ella Carr 28 yrs., bp Ohio; child #4, living 4; N. S. Craig. Hearne, unnamed infant White female, b 12 June 1909, 658 3rd St.; F & M, William M. Hearne 40 yrs., bp Ireland, occ. travelling salesman & Clara Eliska Carlin 35 yrs., bp LA; child #7, living 6; N. S. Craig. Kahn, unnamed infant White male, b - July -, Nezpique St.; F & M, Theo Kahn bp France, occ. merchant & Miss Block bp U.S.; child #2, living 2; D. A. Berwick, M.D. Divencinzo, unnamed child White male, b 29 June 1909; F & M, S. Divencinzo, O.W., 40 yrs.; bp Palermo, Sicily occ. merchant & Sarah Messineo 39 yrs., bp, Palermo, Sicily; child #5, living 5; E. J. Perrault, M.D. Page 3 Hainebach, Leo White male, b 8 July 1909; F & M, Chas Hainebach bp U.S.A., occ. merchant & Miss Tillie Block bp U.S.A.; child #1, living 1; D. A. Berwick, M.D. Block, Chas. Martel White male, b 8 Aug. 1909, Cutting Ave.; F & M, Joseph L. Block, bp U.S.A., occ. accountant & Lena Martel bp U.S.A.; child #2, living 2; D. A. Berwick, M.D. Johnson, unnamed infant White female, b 12 Aug. 1909, Cary Ave.; F & M C. C. Johnson 46 yrs., bp Indiana, occ. confectioner & Lillie Elizabeth Taylor 39 yrs. bp LA; child #6, living 6; N. S. Craig. Arnold, unnamed infant White male, b 19 Aug. 1909, N. State St.; F & M, William Joseph Arnold, 29 yrs., bp Illinois, occ. plumber & gas fitter & Mary Wilkinson, 25 yrs., bp LA; child #3, living 3; N. S. Craig. Blessington, unnamed infant White female, b 16 Aug. 1909; F & M, H. L. Blessington 29 yrs., bp America & Mabel Welker 29 yrs., bp America; child #1, living 1; E. J. Perrault, M.D. Spencer, unnamed infant White female, b 3 Sept. 1909; F & M, S. A. Spencer 45 yrs., bp America, occ. insurance bus. & Miss Helen Addison 24 yrs., bp America; child #3, living 3, Dr. E. J. Perrault. Trahan, unnamed infant White male, b 6 Sept. 1909, 319 Market St.; F & M, P. Trahan 32 yrs., bp LA Occ., restaraunt & Julian Blanchard 30 yrs., bp LA; child #7, living 3; m.a. Catrine Delome. Freyou, unnamed infant White female, b 10 Sept. 1090, East 1st St.; F & M, A. Freyou 28 yrs., bp U.S., occ. baker & Emily Borrel 26 yrs., bp U.S.; child #4, living all; B.C. Fry,.M.D. Wilkinson, Carroll White male, b 7 Oct. 1909, East 2nd St.; F & M, Carroll Allen Wilkinson 36 yrs., bp LA, occ. carpenter & Winnifred May Hill 35 yrs., bp Arkansas; child #4, living 4; N. S. Craig. Naylor, unnamed infant White female, b 29 Sept. 1909; F & M, C. A. Naylor 38 yrs., bp U.S., occ. machinist & Lillian Chretieux 25 yrs., bp U.S.; child #2, living 2; E.J. Perrault, M.D. Page 4 Greidenwise, unnamed infant White female, b 27 Oct. 1909, 1182 W. Division St.; F & M; John W. Greidenwise, 25 yrs., bp S. Dakota, occ. machinist & Vera M. Lundy 21 yrs., bp S. Dakota; child #2, living 1, N. S. Craig. Humphrey, unnamed infant White female, b 2 Nov.1909, 729 Cary Ave.; F & M, William F. Humphrey 43 yrs, bp Iowa, occ. farmer & Nellie P. Himler 37 yrs., bp Iowa; child #3, living 3; N. S. Craig. Houston, unnamed infant White female, b 9 Nbp. 1909; F & M, F.M. Houston 35 yrs., bp U.S.A., occ. section foreman & ______ bp U.S.A.; child #5, living 4; D. A. Berwick, M.D. Shelton, unnamed infant White female, b 6 Nov.1909, E. Market St.; F & M, Preston James Shelton, bp America, ooc. laborer & Mary Broussard 25 yrs., bp America; child #5, living 5; B. C. Fry, M.D. Noble, unnamed infant White female, b l2 Nov. ______, MainSt.; F & M,Charles O. Noble 31 yrs, bp America, occ. merchant & Miss Li11ie Green 20 yrs., bp America; child #1, living 1; E. J. Perrault, M.D. Randolph, unnamed infant White male, b 14 Nov. 1909, 438 E. 3rd St.; F & M, William J. Randolph, 34 yrs., bp Illinois, occ. merchant & Grace M. Engle 25 yrs., bp Iowa child #3, living 3; N. S. Craig. Baker, unnamed infant White female, b 23 Nov. 1909, corner State St. & 6th St.; F & M R. A. Baker 25 yrs., bp Kansas, occ. farmer & Josephine Lawless, 27 yrs., bp LA; child #2, living 2; Dr. C. E. Hunter. Williams, unnamed infant White male, b 16 Dec. 1909, 339 McKinley St.; F & M, Daniel R. Williams 36 yrs., bp Wales, & Lulu May Falb 27 yrs. bp Illinois; child #4, living 4; N. S. Craig. Hirst, William Randolph White male, b 6 Dec.1909, 228 Academy Ave.; F & M, William L. Hirst 38 yrs., bp Illinois, occ. merchant & Bessie Randolph 36 yrs., bp Illinois; child #1, living 1; N. S. Craig. Richard, unnamed infant White female, b 5 Dec.1909; F & M, Luke L. Richard 30 yrs., bp America, occ. traveling salesman & Delphine Tassin 28 yrs., bp America; child #3, living 3; Dr. E. J. Perrault. Page 5 Wagnon, unnamed infant White ma1e, b 17 Dec. 1909; F & M, Jas. H. Wagnon 33 yrs., bp America, occ. iceman & Ida B. Shultz 30 yrs., bp America; child #3, living 2; Dr. E. J. Perrault. Jones, unnamed infant White male, b 30 Dec.1909, Fifth St.; F & M, Fred E. Jones 31 yrs., bp United States, occ. druggist & Anna Buch 24 yrs., bp United States; child #4, living 4; Dr. E. J. perrault. Barker, unnamed infant White, male, b 23 Jan 1910, S. Cutting Ave.; F & M, Donald C. Barker 26 yrs., bp Indiana, occ. farmer & Clara Frances Pulver 25 yrs., bp Nebraska; child #2, living 2; N. S. Craig. Eaton, unnamed infant White female, b 23 Jan. 1910, E. Plaquemine St.; F & M, Harry H. Eaton 26 yrs., bp Iowa, occ. machinist & Pearl Pacific Miller 29 yrs., bp Oregon; child #2, living 2; N. S. Craig. Deross, unnamed infant White male, b 24 Jan. 1910, 623 Second St.; F & M, German M. Deross 40 yrs. bp Iowa, U.S.A., occ. brick mason & Lydia Hadden 37 yrs., bp New York, U.S.A.; child #6, living 6; B.C. Fry, M.D. Faber, unnamed infant White female, b 29 Jan. l9l0, 448 First St.; F & M, B. A. Faber 51 yrs. bp Kentuchy, U.S.A., occ. veterinarian & Adelia Trahan 28 yrs. bp LA, U.S.A.; child #4, living 4; B. C. Fry, M. D. Randolph, unnamed infant White female, b 8 Feb. 1910, 535 First St.; F & M, Guy P. Randolph 29 yrs., bp Iowa, occ. merchant & Arlo R. Winslow 25 yrs., bp Indiana; child #2, living 2; N. S. Craig. Dellomme, unnamed infant White female, b 6 Feb. 1910, 432 Washington St.; F & M, Paul Delhomme 24 yrs. bp LA, occ. clerk & Jennie Ellen Spencer 19 yrs., bp LA; child #1, living 1; N. S. Craig. Wiseman, unnamed infant White female, b 15 Feb. 1910, East 2nd St.; F & M Henry H. Wiseman 36 yrs., bp Texas, occ. clerk & Esther Pearl Ballew 29 yrs., bp Texas; child #6, living 6; N. S. Craig. Cox, Frankie White female, b 24 Feb. 1910, 521 Second St.; F & M, Benj. Franklin Cox 36 yrs., bp Vermont, occ. engineer & Carrie Horn 32 yrs., bp LA; child #5, living 2; Berna C. Fry, M.D. Martel, James Sully White boy, b 8 Feb. 1910, Cutting Ave.; F & M, Louis Martel 23 yrs., bp Opelousis, LA, occ. clerical & Helen M. Bush 21 yrs., bp Franklin, LA; child #1, living 1; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Page 6 Holcom, unnamed infant White boy, b 25 Feb. 1910, N. Main St.; F & M, Frank Holcom 30 yrs., bp Illinois, occ. clerical & Mollie Ragsdale 27 yrs., bp Illinois; child #3, living 3; C. E. Hunter M.D. Butson, unnamed infant White girl, b 3 March 1910, Cutting Ave.; F & M, Emory Butson, 24 yrs., bp Kansas, occ. merchant & Rosa Esterly 24 yrs., bp Kansas; child #1, living 1; C. E. Hunter, M. D. - Birth certificate missing from this spot in the book - Hewitt, Nellie May White female, b 10 March 1910, Howard & Doyle #121; F & M, Howard A. Hewitt 42 yrs. bp Ohio, occ. mechanic & Maud Williams bp Colorado; child #7, living 5; B. C. Fry, M. D. Richard, unnamed infant White male, b 3 Feb.1910; F & M, James G. Richard 40 yrs., bp U.S.A., occ. merchant & Miss Liziana (?) Gauthier 30 yrs., bp U.S.A., child #6, living 3; E. J. Perrault, M.D. Bowler, unnamed infant White male, b 24 April 1910, East Academy Ave.; F & M, Albert G. Bow1er 22 yrs., bp Illinois, occ. laborer & Mary Ann Eliza Read 18 yrs., bp Illinois; child #1, living 1; N. S. Craig. Bahyi, unnamed infant White male, b 24 May 1910, 442 Second St.; F & M, Gustave Henry Bahyi 30 yrs., bp LA, U.S.A., occ. rice grader & Hilda Harvey 30 yrs., bp LA, U.S.A.; child #4, living 4; B.C. Fry, M.D. Shahada, unnamed infant White male, b 13 May 1910, Cor. First & Cutting Ave.; F & M, Joseph Shahada 27 yrs., bp Syria, occ. Hotel Prop. Tyler, Texas & Julia A. Mansen 21 yrs., bp Syria; child #3, living 3; B. C. Fry, M.D. Freeman, James Lowry White male, b 9 July 1910, 302 E. Davies Ave.; F & M Benjamin Freeman 37 yrs., bp Illinois, occ. farmer & Gertrude Lowry 33 (34) yrs., bp Arkansas; child #3, living 3, N. S. Craig Kenniston, unnamed infant White male, b 16 June 1910; F & M J. B. Kenniston 49 yrs., bp New York, occ. oil well driller & Lucy Blickenstaff 39 yrs., bp MO; child #2, living 2; C. E. Hunter M.D. Richart, unnamed infant White girl, b 14 June1910; F & M, B. A. Richart; 58yrs., bp Ill., occ. rice planter & Ada Bridgeman 38 yrs., bp Ill.; child #3, living 2; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Page 7 Richart, Leslie White boy, b 17 Jan. 1910, S. Main St.; F & M, W. Z. Richart, 40 yrs., bp Ill., occ. merchant & Louisa Mills 35 yrs., bp KY; child #2, living 2; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Hoag, unnamed infant White male, b 27 June 1910, S. Lake Arthur Ave.; F & M, A. A. Hoag 32 yrs., bp Lincoln, MO, occ. farmer & Bertha Denny 26 yrs., bp Kansas; child #3, living 3; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Sinderson, unnamed infant White male, b 19 July 1910, Nezpique St.; F & M Richard Henry Sinderson 47 yrs., bp Illinois, occ. farmer & Grace Mildred Blackshere 28 yrs., bp Iowa; child #1, living 1; N. S. Craig. Hudson, Katherine Susan White female, b 18 Sept. 1910, 431 Davies Ave.; F & M, Thomas Lecotis Hudson 34 yrs., bp Indiana, occ. contractor & Icy Milea Wilkins 33 yrs. bp Indiana; child #1 living 1; N. S. Craig. Barnhill, unnamed infant White female, b 25 July 1910, 410 Jefferson St., F & M Eugene F. Barnhill 42 yrs , bp Mississippi, occ. Attorney at Law & Minnie Dee Beach 38 yrs. , bp Illinois; child #4, living 4; N. S. Craig. Harris, unnamed infant White male, b 6 Sept. 1910, 2nd St.; F & M Irvy Harris 26 yrs., bp. Ill., occ. machinist & Eva Garmon 23 yrs., bp Neb.; child #2, living 2; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Cole, unnamed infant White female, b 12 Sept. 1910, F & M, Frank Cole 32 yrs., bp Ill., occ. mechanic & Rosa Brummit 28 yrs., bp MO; child #4, living 4; C. E. Hunter, M. D. Morse, Gertrude Irene White female, b 9 Oct.1910; F & M, Chas. S. Morse 39 yrs., bp Iowa occ. rice mill owner & Millie Shear 35 yrs., bp Iowa; child #5, living 4; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Hymes, unnamed infant White male, b 21 Nov. 1910, 808 Church St.; F & M, J. M. Hymes 29 yrs., bp Texas, U.S.A., occ. Ag't. U. (W.?) P. Oil Co. & Alice Gentel 25 yrs., bp LA, U.S.A.; child #1, living 1; B. C. Fry, M.D. Marion, unnamed infant White female, b 9 Dec.1910, 432 E. 3rd St.; F & M, Jesse Lee Marion 26 yrs., bp Mississippi, occ. oil driller & Eunice Elizabeth Potier 21 yrs., hp IA; child #2, living 2; N. S. Craig. Page 8 Holt, unnamed infant bphite male, b 1 Jan. 1911, 507 Clara St.; F & M, Milton Carter Holt 39 yrs., bp LA, occ. clergyman-merchant & Edith Gray Pope 33 yrs., bp Connecticut; child #2, living 2; N. S. Craig. Burch, Horace White male, b 7 Jan. 1911, 510 Cary Avenue.; F & M, Charles Henry Burch 26 yrs., bp Kansas, occ. laborer & Evilo House 21 yrs., bp Kansas; child #3, living 2; N. S. Craig. Gilbreath, Helen Lurline White female, b 27 Jan. 1911, 309 Cutting Ave.; F & M, J. Floyd Gilbreath 29 yrs., bp Tennessee,.Occ. merchant & Ella S. Krielow 26 yrs., bp Wisconsin; child #1, living 1, N. S. Craig. Cutting, Frances Louise White female, b 26 Jan. 1911, 426 Cutting Ave.; F & M, Frank B. Cutting 52 yrs., bp New York, occ. farmer & Cora C. Blackshere 39 yrs., bp Iowa; child #5, living 4; N. S. Craig. White, Audrey Blanche White female, b 23 Jan. 1911, 1214 W. Division; F & M, Harvey A. White 26 yrs., bp LA, occ. traveling pass. agent & Blanche M. Greidenwise 24 yrs., bp South Dakota; child #1, living 1; N. S. Craig. Taylor, unnamed infant White female, b 7 March 1911, 243 Alice St.; F & M, Robert E. Taylor 34 yrs., bp S. Dakota, U.S.A., occ. farmer & Nettie Patterson 29 yrs., bp Iowa, U.S.A.; child #5, living 4; B. C. Fry, M. D. Gribble, Chas. King White male, b 22 March 1911, cor. Lake Arthur & Mcninley; F & M, Chas. King Gribble 27 yrs., bp Texas, U.S.A., occ. oil well operator & Blanch D. Toups 25 yrs., bp LA, U.S.A.; child #1, living 1; B. C. Fry, M.D. Hatfield, Mary Lutetia White female, b 31 March 1911; F & M, Alvin Hatfield 29 yrs., bp Ill., occ. farmer & Alpha Midkiff 28 yrs., bp Ind.; child #1, living 1; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Chriswell, unnamed infant White female, b 31 March 1911, Decker St.; F & M, Albert H. Chriswell bp LA, occ. laborer & Ada Kelley 29 yrs., bp LA; child #5, living 5; N.S. Craig. Wilder, Velda Mae White female, b 18 Feb.1911, 506 W. Division. F & M, Geo. U. Wilder 40 yrs., bp Iowa, U.S.A., occ. barber & Victoria L. Lebowe 26 yrs., bp LA, U.S.A.; child #1, living 1; B. C. Fry, M.D. Page 9 Dudley, Iva Gertrude White feaale, b 3 May 1911; F & M Ira (Iva) Dudley 21 yrs., bp U.S.A., occ. engineer & Eva Baker bp U.S.A.; child #1, living 1; E. A. Lee, M.D. Nordyke, Byron White male, b 13 May 1911, Clara St.; F & M, C. C. Nordyke 35 yrs., bp Ohio, occ. salesman & Josephine Wemp1e 34 yrs, bp Ill., child #5, living 4; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Hanchett, Thelma Arlene White female, b 18 April 1911; F & M, S. C. Hanchett 31 yrs., bp LA, U.S.A., occ. hauler-wagon & Posa Hanchett 24 yrs., bp LA, U.S.A.; child #5, living 5; E. A. Lee, M.D. Clark, unnamed infant White male, b 10 May 1911; F & M, W. B. Clark 41 yrs., bp U.S., occ. merchant & Eula J. Hoffpauir 34 yrs., bp U.S.; child #7, living 7; E.J. Perrault, M.D. Tatum, unnamed infant White male, b 19 May 1911 1:15 AM., N. State St.; F & M, B. T. Tatum 31 yrs., bp Kentucky, occ. fireman & Allie Law 26 yrs., bp Kentucky; child #2, living 2; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Pratt, unnamed infant White male, b 22 May 1911, 559 Second St.; F & M, Jesse M. Pratt 27 yrs., bp N. Dakota, U.S.A., occ. machinist & Bertha Grossenbacher 25 yrs., bp Kansas, U.S.A.; child #1, living 1; B. C. Fry, M.D. Gooley, unnamed infant White female, b 4 June 1911, Second Street; F & M, Ed Gooley 27 yrs., bp Iowa, U.S.A., occ. laborer & Ethful L. Barker 27 yrs., bp Indiana, U.S.A.; child #4, living 4; B. C. Fry, M.D. Laudin, unnamed infant White female, b 13 June 1911, F & M, A. F. Laudin 39 yrs., bp Iowa, occ. farmer & Alice Cook 30 yrs., bp Iowa; child #6, living 3; C. E. Hunter, M.D. Baker, Edwina White female, b 25 June 1911 8:P.M., N. Chbpch St.; F & M, Raleigh Baker 27 yrs., bp Kansas, occ. farmer & Josephine Lawless 29 yrs., bp LA; child #3, living 3; C. E. Hunter, M.D. -