Bertie County NcArchives History .....Prisoner Of War Labor Camp Windsor 1943
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Gerald Thomas gerald_thomas00@comcast.net February 11, 2019, 10:28 am

PRISONER OF WAR LABOR CAMP 
ESTABLISHED AT WINDSOR
DURING FALL OF 1943
by
Gerald W. Thomas

By the fall of 1943, the United States had been involved in World War II for
twenty-one months. Tens of thousands of young males who resided in North
Carolina were away from their homes having been drafted into the nation’s armed
forces. The country’s manpower demands for the military had drastically depleted
the state’s male workforce. Bertie County, a rural and predominantly farming
community, suffered from a lack of men to work the farms and perform other
manual tasks. A dire situation had arisen as crops covering thousands of acres
throughout the county were nearing maturity and needed to be timely harvested.
Laborers were particularly needed to harvest the county’s profitable peanut
crop. Army, state, and local officials determined that a viable short-term
solution to the worker shortage was to utilize prisoners of war who had been
captured in North Africa and transported to Army facilities in North Carolina.1
	Approximately 3,000 Italian prisoners of war (POW) arrived at Camp Butner, near
Durham, in September 1943. On September 8, 1943, Italy surrendered to the Allies
and a little more than a month later (October13) declared war on Nazi Germany,
its former Axis Powers partner. Through its pro-Allies actions, Italy was
afforded Allied status. Subsequently, Italian prisoners of war were allowed
relative freedom and new opportunities, yet remained held under the close
scrutiny of Army guards.2
	On September 18, 1943, Dean Ira O. Schaub of the North Carolina State College
Extension Service announced that 1,500 Italian war prisoners would be made
available by the United States Army to harvest peanuts in eastern North
Carolina. Schaub noted that work camps, subordinate to the Camp Butner prison,
would be immediately established in Windsor, Tarboro, and Scotland Neck.
Prisoners were to work in Bertie, Edgecombe, Halifax, Hertford, and Martin
counties. Per Schaub, Army officials had approved a petition for the use of the
prisoners to relieve the acute labor shortage in the region.3
	The Windsor camp was established during the week of September 19–23. The camp
was situated near the Carolina Southern Railway depot along the bank of the
Cashie River (present-day end of Sutton Drive). Military guards and prisoners
were lodged in winterized tents. Prisoners detained at the camp were designated
to help farmers in Bertie, Martin, and Hertford counties “stack their peanut
crop.” By Friday, September 24, Italian prisoners had arrived at the camp and
the Bertie Ledger-Advance of that date reported that the prisoners were “at work
in Bertie and Hertford counties.”4
	Farmers who desired to use the POW labor were required to file applications for
contracts with representatives of the War Manpower Commission. The
representatives were located at the County Agent’s Office in Windsor. Biver
Ernest Grant served as the agent for Bertie County. Each farmer awarded a
contract was required to state the number of acres of peanuts for which labor
was needed to stack peanuts. The farmer also was required to indicate the number
of men he could use in one day and the date he wanted the labor. Further, the
farmer was required to indicate whether he could transport the prisoners in
trucks to, and from, his farm.5
	The following priorities for filling labor requirements had been established by
the Army in cooperation with local farm officials (i.e., county agents in the
region). 
1.	Farmers who could furnish their own trucks to transport laborers in groups of
twenty. Farmer-furnished trucks were required to have side walls for safety in
transporting the men. 
2.	Farmers who could haul twelve laborers.
3.	Farmers who employed their own laborers, but who also required POW labor in
groups of twenty men.6
Farmers who had trucks that were satisfactory for transporting the prisoners
from the camp to their farms and back were “requested to do so.” However, in
situations where a farmer did not have a truck for transportation purposes and
could not arrange for one, the Army would transport the prisoners if used in
groups of twenty (i.e., one “truck load”). Farmers who anticipated using less
than a truck load of laborers were requested to work out arrangements with
neighbors for helping each other in plowing up their peanuts so a group of
twenty laborers could be used on each farm. The “idea” was that the laborers
would be transported from one farm as the stacking work was completed to the
next farm. In other words, “neighborly cooperation” was beneficial in making the
most efficient use of the labor and in getting the peanut crop timely stacked.
Prisoners were not to be transported in passenger cars and could not be used in
groups of less than six men. The Army provided lunches and drinking water for
the laborers.7
The Army charged ten cents per stack, regardless of the size of a stack. The
contracting farmer was responsible for plowing up the peanuts, burying the
poles, and attaching cross arms to the poles. Since the Italians had never
before performed the required type of work, a “learning curve” was naturally to
be accommodated. Until the men learned how the peanuts were to be stacked,
farmers were advised to show the prisoners how the crop should be stacked when
they arrived at each farm.8
The prisoners were not allowed to leave camp earlier than 7:30 in the morning
and were not to be away more than ten hours, except in emergencies. At the end
of each day, or upon completion of the stacking work on a farm (if less than one
day), the farmer and sergeant in charge of the group of laborers were to jointly
count the number of stacks for determining the amount due to the United States
Treasury. Payments were to be made only by cashier’s checks, post office money
orders, or certified checks and made payable to the Treasurer of the United
States. No cash or personal checks were accepted. Farmers were required to send
their payments to the county agent’s office for delivery to the Windsor camp
commander.9
Farmers who knew that they were going to need the POW labor were advised to file
their applications in person at the county agent’s office in Windsor as far in
advance of the time wanted as possible in order to be more certain of getting
the labor at the time wanted. Farmers who waited until the time that they needed
the labor “during the rush of the digging season” had to “take their turn” in
obtaining laborers. Bertie County agent, Biver E. Grant, reported that by
October 1, the “use of Italian war prisoners stationed in the Windsor labor camp
has become so well liked by farmers that their services are booked ahead for at
least two weeks.”10
	By mid-October the use of prisoners within Bertie County to stack peanuts had
progressed so satisfactorily, that county farmers requested that war prisoners
also pick cotton, pull corn, and perform other farm jobs. Martin County farmers
also sought to have prisoners dig potatoes, and cut and trim overgrown areas
about fields. Industry men in Bertie and Martin counties also requested that
prisoners be allowed to work in the timber and manufacturing industries.
Specifically, the Coulbourn family desired that prisoners work at their sawmill
located along the Cashie River near the POW camp. The farmers and industry men
delivered their requests to Bertie County agent, Biver E. Grant.11
	The prisoners – safely away from the horrors of combat – arose each day about 5
A.M., washed and groomed, ate breakfast, and placed their tents in order. Then,
soldiers carefully checked out the prisoners into waiting trucks which
transported them to farms in Bertie, Martin, Chowan, and Hertford counties to
stack peanuts. Jeeps with armed guards followed the trucks to the farms where
the guards oversaw the prisoners. Prisoners were allowed fifteen-minute breaks
every two hours and work stopped at noon for lunch. Lunches most often consisted
of sandwiches and water. The prisoners were humanely treated by the soldiers and
employing farmers in accordance with the rules of the Geneva Convention.12
Four hundred twenty-three prisoners at the Windsor camp worked twenty-one days
in peanut fields in Bertie, Martin, Hertford, and Chowan counties. The men
performed more than 8,000 man-days of labor for 253 farmers in the four
counties. The prisoners completed 125,917 stacks of peanuts on 3,148 acres.
Employing farmers paid a total of $12,592 (ten cents per stack) for the work
done by the prisoners. Farmers, thoroughly pleased with the work of the
Italians, characterized them as the “best imported labor they [the farmers]
could have had.”13
Across eastern North Carolina, farmers and business owners who utilized the
Italian prisoners universally reported that they were “excellent workers” and
caused “no trouble.” The Italians were publicly credited with helping save the
region’s peanut crop. Dean Schuab reported that the prisoners “did their work
well, and they and the military authorities supervising them were very
cooperative with our farmers. … There was absolutely no trouble from either the
workers or the local people.”14


Peanut stacks in a North Carolina field (undated).
Image credit: North Carolina State University

	The Provost Marshal General (PMG) was the “police arm” of nation’s military
forces during World War II. In his official capacity, the PMG supervised the
internment within the United States of a half million prisoners of war and
provided staff supervision over the training of 200,000 military police.
Companies of specially trained army personnel – military police escort guards –
were assigned to prisoner-of-war camps across the country. The 380th Military
Police Escort Guard Company was assigned to the Windsor camp.15


This image is of an envelope mailed at Windsor on December 8, 1943, by PFC Karl
Klondike, 380th Military Police Escort Guard Company, Prisoner of War Camp,
Windsor. Image from The Windsor Story, 1768-2018, Volume 2 (Windsor: 250th Book
Committee, Town of Windsor, 2018), 268.

Each regular military police guard company consisted of a headquarters
detachment and four escort guard sections. Each section was commanded by a
sergeant and consisted of three squads: rifle, shotgun, and machine gun. Each
rifle squad was commanded by a corporal armed with a piston and consisted of
nine riflemen armed with rifles and bayonets. Each shotgun squad was commanded
by a corporal armed with a pistol and consisted of nine enlisted men armed with
shotguns. Each machine gun squad was commanded by a corporal armed with a pistol
and consisted of five enlisted men. This squad was armed with several types of
weapons depending on the squad’s mission at the time. While escorting prisoners,
this squad was armed with two Thompson submachine guns and three carbines. The
variety of weapons furnished to a military police escort guard company provided
sufficient, diversified firepower to handle effectively any escorting or
guarding mission to which it was assigned.16
	Some members of the 380th Military Police Escort Guard Company – particularly
married soldiers and their wives – resided with local families. John Cowand
recalled that “One soldier and his wife lived in [his family’s] home during
[the] period” the camp existed.17	However, most of the soldiers lived in tents
at the camp.
	The sudden influx of the company of soldiers into the town of Windsor
necessitated entertainment options for the men. A United Service Organizations
(USO) facility, located on East Granville Street (near the present-day
Department of Motor Vehicles office), served the soldiers.18
	Dances – attended by local residents – were the most notable forms of
entertainment in which the soldiers participated. On Friday evening, October 1 –
a little more than a week after the camp was established – the officers
sponsored a dance for the enlisted men. The event was held in the gymnasium of
Windsor High School. A notice announcing the dance posted in the Bertie
Ledger-Advance conveyed that “As many young ladies of the vicinity are invited
as can attend.” However, girls under seventeen years of age were “not especially
invited.” Mrs. Merle R. Montague, Mrs. Cola Castelloe, and Mrs. John Gatlin
chaperoned the dance. Another dance, sponsored by the USO, was held in Windsor
during Saturday evening, October 23.19
	A USO-sponsored dance was held in Windsor during Saturday evening, October 23.
Mickey McGuire, one of the soldiers stationed at the Windsor camp, attended the
event. Earlier in the evening, McGuire had driven a commissioned officer into
town using an Army command car. The officer ordered McGuire to return the car to
the camp “since it would not be needed again that night.” McGuire, however, did
not obey the order. Rather, he drove to the dance in the car. The next morning
about 5:45 a.m., McGuire – still in unauthorized possession of the car – was
driving toward the prison camp. At a point on Highway Number 17 near the Cashie
River – also known as King Street – and approximately one block from the camp,
he reportedly fell asleep and the Army car slammed into an unoccupied 1939
Chrysler coupe, the property of Mrs. Mary Capehart Rhea, the recent widow of
Clarence Joseph “C. J.” Rhea Sr. (a Windsor automobile dealer and leading
businessman). The car had been legally parked at the curb on King Street in
front of Mrs. Rhea’s residence, 411 South King Street. The Bertie Ledger-Advance
reported that “the Army car was apparently proceeding at a rapid rate of speed
when it went out of control and struck the parked car. The Rhea car was a
complete wreck, as it was smashed between the Army [car] and a tree in front of
[Mrs. Rhea’s] home.” The car was damaged beyond repair. Bertie Motor Company of
Windsor estimated that the car was valued at $800 prior to the accident.
Following the accident, the company estimated the vehicle’s salvage value to be
$100.20
	McGuire was injured in the accident and transported to Windsor Hospital. He
suffered injuries to his chest from being thrown against the steering wheel of
the Army car. Army officials soon removed McGuire to an Army hospital for
treatment.21
Soldiers stationed at the Windsor camp were, during their time off-duty, free to
go to the Windsor business district and other local areas. Interaction between
soldiers and residents of Windsor led to several life-long relationships.
Particularly, two soldiers – George Paul Heinly Jr. and Leland Gale Wilcox – met
their brides-to-be – Anna Madora Tadlock and Cornelia Scott Gillam, respectively
– while serving at the POW camp.22
	Windsor residents had limited interaction with the prisoners on a per situation
basis. Even though Italy had surrendered to the Allies and taken up arms against
Germany, the Italians POWs were still closely watched and controlled by military
police escort guards. Prisoners were not allowed to leave the camp without
escort guards. However, some prisoners were allowed to interact with residents.
Some members of the Windsor High School basketball team played a game against
some of the prisoners. (The prisoners played in combat boots.) On several
occasions, prisoners were brought to the Windsor Graded School to sing to the
students. Another Italian – adept at playing an accordion and singing – was
brought to a home on Watson Street to perform “a concert” for the family. The
prisoner had worked for the head of the household at a local saw mill.23
	The Italian prisoners confined at the Windsor camp were predominantly followers
of the Roman Catholic faith. Every POW camp was not afforded a chapel. Likewise,
ministers and/or priests for the religious denominations of the prisoners
detained in the camps were not always available. In some instances, Army
chaplains were assigned to camps. The Army, in order to furnish ministers of all
religious denominations to the POWs from their own numbers in accordance with
stipulations of the Geneva Convention, distributed prisoners who had been
ministers and priests in civilian life as equitably as possible among the POW
camps.24 It is not evident that an ordained minister or priest was among the
prisoners confined at the Windsor camp.
	However, the prisoners (and soldiers) were not without the opportunity to
observe their faiths. Weekly, beginning Sunday, October 31, Reverend Father
Francis J. McCourt, pastor and chaplain of St. Ann’s Catholic Church, Edenton,
offered mass (communal worship) at the Windsor camp. McCourt provided religious
services to the camp throughout its existence, including a special mass on
Christmas Day, 1943.25

Perquimans Weekly, October 29, 1943.

	Before the end of October 1943, the prisoners at the Windsor camp were being
used to work at saw mills and manufacturing entities in the region. For example,
prisoners were utilized at Coulbourn’s saw mill in Windsor and the Williamston
Package Manufacturing Company. Officials quickly expanded the use of the
prisoners into other areas detrimentally impacted by the labor shortage. Charles
Jacocks, special assistant to the Bertie County War Labor Board, publicly
reported the prisoners were “to be used in whatever capacity they are needed to
relieve the labor shortage.” While the Italians originally had been brought to
Windsor to assist in harvesting the region’s peanut crop, their success in that
endeavor prompted officials to sanction the use of the prisoners in the
fertilizer industry (a plant in Williamston), the pulpwood industry, and lumber
enterprises in the area. By November 12, 1943, contracts had been consummated
between the Army and industry leaders which effectively were to “keep the entire
group (number officially censored) employed in the area for several months.” 26
	The Bertie Ledger-Advance reported that the Italian laborers “proved that they
work well, though they are not fast. They appear to be thoroughly contented in
this county, many of them making claims that they are ‘American now.’ They are
avidly interested in the progress of the war. Most of them detest Mussolini and
the Fascists whom they hold responsible for getting them into this war.
Likewise, most of them have no love lost for the Germans, with whom they were
allied at the time they were captured by the Americans.” The paper further noted
that “Many of the prisoners are picking up the English language rapidly and have
already become able to make many of their wants known in English These war
prisoners are worked under conditions of the Geneva Agreement and representative
of the Swiss legation make inspections of the conditions under which they are
being kept. They are under guard of a company of military police which maintain
its connection with Camp Butner.”27
	The Italian war prisoners were not considered a menace to the peace or security
of the people and their property in the areas where they were interned.28 By
December 1943, industry leaders in other regions of North Carolina sought
prisoners of war to alleviate labor shortages which they confronted. The
experience with the Italian war prisoners at the Windsor labor camp had been
overwhelmingly positive and beneficial to area farmers and industries.
	By late January 1944 plans had been developed to relocate the approximately 500
prisoners at the Windsor camp to a new camp being constructed at Williamston.
The new camp would be situated on land along the Roanoke River which belonged to
the Standard Fertilizer Company. C. G. Crockett, manager of the fertilizer
plant, had lobbied Army officials to move the camp to Williamston, promising to
provide a free-of-charge site for the facility. By February 11, the camp was
almost completed with rows of small winterized tents and mess halls for the “men
of war.” Special quarters were constructed for the camp guards. Williamston’s
hometown newspaper, The Enterprise, reported that the camp at Windsor was being
abandoned. The prisoners and military police escort guards were relocated from
Windsor to Williamston during the weekend of February 12-13, 1944.29 The Windsor
POW labor camp had existed for almost five months.
	
After Abandonment of the Windsor Camp

	Following the abandonment of the Windsor POW camp, Bertie County farmers and
industry men who desired prisoners to work on their farms and in their
enterprises had to apply to the prisoner of war camp at Williamston, and later
Ahoskie (camp established during summer of 1944). During the spring of 1944, the
Italian prisoners were transferred away from the Williamston camp and replaced
with Germans. In early June, Dean Schaub reported that there was “reasonable
assurance” that prisoners of war would be available to the farmers of Bertie
county during the upcoming fall to help with the peanut harvest. Expectations
existed that the labor would be furnished from the Williamston camp. However,
the soon-to-be established camp at Ahoskie was intended to serve the farmers in
the northern part of Bertie County. County farmers had already been inquiring of
Biver E. Grant concerning the possibility of securing prisoners to work on
farms. Farmers who anticipated using prisoners of war were required to make
arrangement for transporting the men since the Army no longer furnished trucks
for such purposes.30
	During the summer, German prisoners from the Williamston camp were employed on
some Bertie County farms conducting “general farm work.” The Germans reportedly
were “giving satisfactory performance.” For example, John Cabot Johnson,
Windsor, used a group of twenty German prisoners to set out eight acres of sweet
potatoes; he was well pleased with their work. By the middle of September, a
contract had been executed by the Bertie County Farm Bureau with the Williamston
camp for the use of forty prisoners by Bertie County farmers. The Farm Bureau
was finalizing a similar contract with the camp at Ahoskie for the use of 200
prisoners by Bertie farmers in the upper part of the county. The wage rate for
stacking peanuts during the 1944 season was set at 11½ cents per stack. The
daily quota for each prisoner was eighteen stacks. County farmers were required
to enter into contracts for labor at the two camps. Additionally, a uniform
policy has been established which stipulated that each farmer who executed a
contract was required to deposit a check based on standard rate for a stack and
the estimated number of stacks the farmer expected to be produced. The deposit
had to be made at the time the farmer signed his contract. If the deposited
amount was different from the actual cost for the POW labor, then an adjustment
was subsequently made to reconcile the difference.31 The Williamston camp was
closed in 1945 following Germany’s surrender (May 7, 1945) to the Allies.


An aerial photograph of the prisoner of war camp at Williamston. Image from East
Carolina University Digital Collections, Francis M. Manning Collection.

	In early 1945 Mrs. Mary C. Rhea submitted a claim to the United States Congress
seeking payment from the Federal government for her estimated financial loss
($700) arising from the Army car accident of October 24, 1943. After due
deliberation, the Congress passed an act (approved July 2, 1945) authorizing the
Treasurer of the United States to pay $700 to Mrs. Rhea “for compensation for
property damage sustained by her.”32
	On June 12, 1946, George Paul Heinly Jr., age 20, of Pottsville, Pennsylvania,
a former soldier stationed at the Windsor POW camp, married Anna Madora Tadlock,
age 18, in Windsor. Miss Tadlock was the daughter of Carl Tadlock and Myrtle
Hill Tadlock of Windsor. George and Anna Madora resided in Pottsville throughout
the remainder of their lives where they reared their family. George died on
February 14, 2010, and was buried at Indiantown Gap National Cemetery, Annville,
Pennsylvania. Anna Madora passed away on February 19, 2014, and was buried at
Edgewood Cemetery, Windsor.33

	



George Paul Heinly Jr. and Anna Madora Tadlock. Images from Find A Grave website.

	Dr. Leland Gale Wilcox, age 35, also a former soldier assigned to the Windsor
camp, married Cornelia Gillam in Windsor on November 2, 1949. Miss Gillam, age
30, was the daughter of Peter Rascoe Gillam and Mary Dail Gillam of Windsor. Dr.
and Mrs. Wilcox resided in Tyler, Texas where they reared their family. Both
individuals died in Tyler – Cornelia on December 18, 1996, and Leland in 2001.
The couple are buried together at Cathedral in the Pines Cemetery, Tyler.34

NOTES

1. By 1943, the United States government held thousands of Italian and German
prisoners who needed to be detained in areas away from the war theaters for
security purposes. Federal officials decided to transport prisoners of war to
the continental United States and house them in prisoner camps. Eventually, one
hundred camps were established throughout the nation in which approximately
180,000 prisoners (Germans and Italians) were lodged. Eighteen camps for German
POWs were set up in North Carolina. Description pamphlet, Francis M. Manning
Collection, East Carolina University Manuscript Collection #488; NCPedia,
“Prisoners of War in North Carolina.”

2. NCPedia, “World War II;”  “Camp Butner and Axis Prisoners of War;” “Italian
Surrender is Announced,” September 8, 1943,
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/italian-surrender-is-announced;
“Italy Declares War on Germany,” October 13, 1943,
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/italy-declares-war-on-germany.

3. Hendersonville Daily Dispatch, September 18, 1943.

4. Bertie Ledger-Advance, September 24, 1943; “Prisoner of War Camp,” The
Windsor Story, 1768-2018, Volume 2 (Windsor: 250th Book Committee, Town of
Windsor, 2018), 268 (hereafter cited as The Windsor Story).
	Stacking peanuts was a necessary process in harvesting the crop so that the
peanuts would sufficiently dry in order to be “picked” from the vines. Farmers
used tractors and plows to “dig” or “turn” their peanuts still attached to the
vines. Laborers then stacked the vines with the peanuts around “pea poles”
imbedded in the ground.

5. Bertie Ledger-Advance, September 24, 1943.

6. Bertie Ledger-Advance, September 24, 1943.

7. Bertie Ledger-Advance, September 24, 1943.

8. Bertie Ledger-Advance, September 24, 1943.

9. Bertie Ledger-Advance, September 24, 1943.

10. Bertie Ledger-Advance, September 24, 1943.
	Representatives of the Legation of Switzerland and the United States Department
of State visited Camp Butler on October 11-13, 1943, to inspect the prisoner of
war facilities. While the representatives did not visit the Windsor camp, the
report of the visit indicated that the camp was “well situated, well drained,
clean and sanitary.” The report also noted that prisoners received $3 per month
allocated to them from the United States Army Administration, plus eighty cents
per day. Report of Visit, Camp Butner, North Carolina, October 11-13, 1943,
Record Group 389, Records of the Office of the Provost Marshal General, National
Archives, College Park, Maryland.

11. The Wilmington Morning Star, October 11, 1943; The Enterprise (Williamston),
October 15, 1943; Anne C. Lunsford, “Early Logging and World War II,” The
Windsor Story, 305.

12. The Roanoke Rapids Herald, October 9, 1943. The account of the routine daily
activities of the prisoners related to the Scotland Neck prisoner-of-war labor
camp. The author found no such account for the Windsor camp, but assumes that
the activities would have been quite similar.

13. The State Port Pilot, November 10, 1943.

14. The State Port Pilot, November 10, 1943.

15. History of the Provost Marshal General, World War II: A Brief History
(Washington: Headquarters, Army Service Forces, 1946), 1 (hereafter cited as
History of Provost Marshal General).

16. History of Provost Marshal General, 388.

17. John Cowand, “Memories From Windsor in the 1940s,” The Windsor Story, 299.

18. Joseph “Joe” B. Cherry, discussion with author, Windsor, NC, December 28,
2018 (hereafter cited as Cherry discussion with author). Founded during World
War II, the United Service Organizations, Inc. (USO) is a nonprofit, charitable
corporation that provides entertainment, social facilities, and other programs
to members of the United States Armed Forces and their families. Since 1941, USO
has worked in partnership with the Department of War, and later with the
Department of Defense, relying heavily on private contributions and on funds,
goods, and services from various corporate and individual donors. Although USO
is a congressionally-chartered entity, it is not a government agency.

19. Bertie Ledger-Advance, Friday, October 1, 1943.

20. United States Senate, 79th Congress, 1st Session, Report No. 344; Bertie
Ledger-Advance, October 29, 1943. Clarence Joseph “C. J.” Rhea Sr. died
September 5, 1943. Death certificate for Rhea, Bertie County Register of Deeds
Office.

21. Bertie Ledger-Advance, October 29, 1943.

22. Cleo Warlick, discussion with author, Windsor, NC, January 12, 2019;
“Prisoner of War Camp,” The Windsor Story, 268; Marriage certificates for (1)
George P. Heinly and Anna Madora Tadlock (hereafter cited as Heinly-Tadlock
marriage certificate), and (2) Leland G. Wilcox and Cornelia Gilliam (hereafter
cited as Wilcox-Gillam marriage certificate), Bertie County Register of Deeds
Office.

23. “Prisoner of War Camp,” The Windsor Story, 268; Robert “Bob” Spivey,
discussion with author, Windsor, NC, December 28, 2018.

24. History of Provost Marshal General, 411.

25. Perquimans Weekly, weekly from October 29, 1943, through February 11, 1944;
Bertie Ledger-Advance, November 26, December 3, 1943.

26. Anne C. Lunsford, “Early Logging and World War II,” The Windsor Story, 305;
The Enterprise, October 29, 1943; Bertie Ledger-Advance, November 12, 1943.

27. Bertie Ledger-Advance, November 12, 1943.

28. Wilmington Morning Star, November 25, 1943.

29. The Enterprise, February 11, 1944; Bertie Ledger-Advance, February 25, 1944;
Wendell Peele, “These Tourists Will Never Forget Their Williamston Visit,” The
State, January 1964; Iris N. Cooke, “World War II Prisoner of War Camp,” Martin
County Heritage (Williamston: Martin County Historical Society, 1980), 52;
Cherry discussion with author.

30. Bertie Ledger-Advance, April 28, June 2, 1944.

31. Bertie Ledger-Advance, June 2, July 28, September 15, 1944.

32. United States Senate, 79th Congress, 1st Session, Report No. 344; Chapter
237 – An act for the relief of Mrs. C. J. Rhea, Senior, United States Statutes
At Large, First Session of the Seventy-ninth Congress, 1945, Volume 59, Part 1,
Public Laws (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1946), 731

33. Heinly-Tadlock marriage certificate; “George P. Heinly, Jr.,” Find A Grave
website.

34. Wilcox-Gillam marriage certificate; “Leland G. Wilcox,” Find A Grave website.




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