CABARRAS COUNTY, NC - CENSUS - 1810 Federal Census --------------¤¤¤¤¤¤-------------- Cabarrus County 1810 James Crawford 31010-30010 David Crawford 00201-00001 Samuel Kilough 30111-14320 Thomas Shepherd 20010-10100 William Young, Jr 13111-12210 James Gray 24311-00202 Anderson Sims 10110-12001 Abner Hope 20010-20010 Nat Gilmore 00200-00000 John Chives 10010-10100 Joshua Baker 00311-00201 Isaac J. Thomas 20210-00010 James Gardener 10110-30010 Samuel Edmiston 01110-01301 Josiah Gilmore 00001-00000 Henry Coram 12010-10100 Thomas Deaton 40001-10010 Abraham Alexander 10201-12102 Hezekiah Alexander 01110-00010 Abijah Alexander 10001-11110 Stephen Alexander 21010-20010 James Collins 02010-31010 John Scott 31010-10100 James Smith 12001-10110 James Ross 22010-30010 Jediah Wallace 21101-21210 William Wallace 31010-32010 John Reed 00201-11210 Ambrose Alexander 10110-10100 John Frazer 00010-10010 Arthur Donaldson 10010-22010 Moses Alexander 11020-00201 John Robison 23111-20010 Nathaniel Monteith 11010-00200 Robert W. Smith 00120-00211 Charles Campbell 22001-21010 William Harris 31010-11010 William Simmons 01010-31010 Benjamin Alexander 20011-00011 James Query 10110-10210 Eli Alexander 00010-00010 James P. Smith ? 00010-20020 Mary Fullham 10000-20010 Tapley Parish 00110-20010 Joseph Russel 21010-12100 Mark Carrigan 20010-12100 Charles Harris 11310-00220 Catey Hope 01100-01001 James Craton 00001-00000 George Harris 31010-21010 James Harris 11010-01000 Ezekiel Wright 21010-21110 George Alexander 00201-00001 Nathaniel Alexander 01010-32110 William Young 20010-10010 Joseph Young 00101-00201 Hugh McLain 00100-00100 David Parish 10010-10010 James Dikens 00511-00100 William Hutson 20010-00010 John Skiliton 01010-02020 Joseph Skilliton 10010-10100 William Kilough 22010-40110 Thomas Irwin 01101-00101 William Carrigan 00301-10001 Plipper Harris 32111-22001 Archibald Houston 21001-12010 John Allison 02202-01110 Joseph Alexander 11310-11010 Stephen Alexander 01201-11101 Lindsey Irwin 10010-40200 John Ross 10010-40110 John Hunt 00050-00000 Ebenezer Flin 30310-20110 James Young 20010-10100 John Hamilton 11210-41010 John Brown 00001-00001 John Carrigan 30011-00100 William Bice 00100-20100 David Bradford 00110-00010 Isaac Blackwelder 20010-20010 John Houston 01011-01301 Andrew Houston 10020-20100 James Bradford 40001-20011 John McCaleb 10100-00100 Isaiah Bradly 10101-31210 Isaih Duccant 20001-32210 William Fleming 10100-00100 James Hope 30010-10100 Robert Cochran 32010-00010 James Jameson 31011-30020 James Weir 00010-30100 Samuel Pickens 01321-01201 James Ross 02201-01201 John Reeves 10010-00100 Hugh Patterson 00010-01110 John Berickfriend 00010-00101 Sarah Allison 00110-01001 James Carrigan 02110-20010 James Bice 00001-00000 Moses Andrew 00001-00101 Walter Bell 11010-20010 James Bell 00010-20010 James Galior 22101-11101 Peter Mealer 00011-00010 William Bean 01001-30001 John Frickey 11010-20001 Margaret Tanner 00200-01210 John Tanner 00100-00100 Nancy Houston 00000-00001 George Douglas 20010-00100 Thomas Parringer 22201-10010 James Stinson 00101-01311 Jean Woodside 00100-00101 Philip Yost 10010-10010 Samuel Ross 00200-01201 Joshua Kenley 02101-12101 John Strube 00010-10100 Samuel Jamison 11110-20010 Mitchel Fleming 10101-13110 William Wallace 01201-03410 James McCaleb 10101-02101 William Allen 10010-00010 James Cannon 42010-11010 Israel Fraser 10010-00100 David Riss ? 30001-31210 Caleb Phifer 01101-00201 George Phifer 21110-00100 William Frazer 00201-00201 Joseph Patton 01201-01101 John Waddenton 11111-30110 James Means 21010-21011 Simson Purviance 11100-0010 John Means 10100-00100 John Rodgers 00010-01010 Joseph Yerts 11001-10010 Francis Miller 01010-30010 George Rodgers 00101-00101 John Tagert 00010-40010 Elenor Houston 30100-22110 Nicholas Isehower 20010-20010 Joseph Rodgers 00010-00100 John Overcast 10010-30011 Henry Overcast 10010-30110 Joseph Ross 01010-50010 Daniel Daugherty 11102-31211 William Means 43210-11010 John B. Smith 00010-01011 John Common 11010-31011 William Houston 10010-10010 William Glover 31001-21010 Thomas Caruthers 20010-30010 George Masters 21001-20010 Houston Plunket 20010-20200 Francis Ross 00231-30001 William Green 22010-32110 John Purviance 22001-31010 James Plunket 13010-12010 Andrew Shocpink 30010-31010 Abel Corzine 11110-12000 Thomas Benson 11201-20110 James Thomas 31010-31011 James Daugherty 11201-12001 William McKeay 10301-01001 Richard Masters 11011-12311 James Martin 40110-10200 John Workman 00100-00111 Hugh McLoskey 00010-00100 Seth Rodgers 40401-20001 Moses Rodgers 21101-21110 Carson Rodgers 20100-00100 William Ray 00100-01010 Robert Patterson 10001-01020 David McKindley 01301-01201 George Harkman 00001-00001 Jacob Coleman 01010-20010 David Winecoff 10010-10210 Alexander Patterson 10010-00101 Morgan Hall 20001-00100 John Sledge 32010-21010 John Baker 10121-00001 Joshua Baker 10010-20100 Charles Miclelan 11010-20100 Vetch Holdbrooks 42201-20100 Mathias Winecoff 20010-10100 Tobias Goodman 20210-00101 Michael Isehoor 10010-21000 Daniel Carl 20010-00100 Michael Goodnight 20011-11000 Daniel Winecoff 10010-20010 Martin Shive 41010-00100 Samuel Hutson 20010-20010 Abraham McRee 10100-00100 ? Gosage 20010-20010 George Overcast 22001-41010 Thomas Mock 10100-00100 John Keisler 21001-12010 Daniel Stricker 21101-21310 Thomas Johnston 10010-40010 Isaac Blackwelder 41201-12001 John Winecoff 01001-01001 George Fagot 10101-10100 Daniel Fagot 30110-20100 John Barringer 40010-00100 Jacob Bushard 21001-21010 John Barringer 00101-01101 Jacob Barger 40010-00200 Caleb Blackwelder 00100-10100 George Barringer 00010-00100 Daniel Blackwelder 10010-41011 Jacob Bost 02201-00110 Joseph Bless 20010-30010 Paul Barringer 30010-10010 Christopher Barnhart 00100-00310 Jacob Blackwelder 12110-30210 George Bost 22400-20010 Martin Efferet (Everett) 00001-00001 Jacob Fagot 02010-31010 Valentine Fagot 10001-22010 Elias House 11001-32011 John House 01201-20000 David Harkey 00100-10110 Jonathan Hartsel 11010-30010 Godfred Lipe 20110-41010 John Lipe 42310-00010 George Lipe 10100-00100 Christopher Licht 10310-30120 Abraham Misenheimer 02101-02101 George Misenheimer 11301-21111 Jacob Misenheimer 10100-00100 George Moyers 22110-21010 John Moyers 32110-10010 George Miller 00010-50111 George Quillman 10100-10100 Michael Rimer 10100-10100 John Ritchey 11010-31010 Daniel Slough 30100-10110 Barn Lufferd 22010-22010 George Smith 12001-32210 Henry Shue 20010-20011 Susannah Shue 00000-00011 John Shandy 10010-00100 Beter Troutman 10010-30010 Michael Walker 00210-01510 Phillip Wagoner 00010-10100 William Wagoner 20110-20010 Martin Blackwelder 21110-11210 William Adkison 10010-10010 John File 23001-01001 George Hartsell 20010-11310 William Iagetser 00201-02001 Stephen Burnhart 00100-20100 Abraham Ritchey 00100-00100 George Ubeey 10201-01001 Phillip Reinhart 00010-20010 John Nuesman 10110-30010 Christian Harlocker 02010-41110 Widow Moyers 00200-00110 Martin Pfferet 00101-11110 Daniel Richey 00100-10100 Jacob Redimour 00100-00100 Henry Redimour 10100-00100 Nicholas Redimour 01001-10001 Leonard Sides 10010-20100 Thomas Lefler 10100-00100 Nicholas Sides 00101-00101 Henry Richey 01101-10101 Henry Lewis 30010-02010 Jacob Misenheimer 20100-00100 Jacob Miller 11101-21101 Mathias Barnhart 00111-11001 John Barger 23010-10010 Jacob Waliver 10100-10100 Peter Culp 00100-20100 Jacob Baringer 10100-00100 Frederick Peek 00001-01001 Widow Moses 02300-12010 George Davis 00010-30010 Michael Walker 02001-01310 Henry Lincer 00100-10100 Jacob Cress 10101-01000 Staphel Barnhart 10100-20100 Mathias Barnhart 00210-01010 Daniel Bost 10010-40100 John Bost 00100-00000 John Barnhart 21001-11010 Matthew Barringer 30111-21011 Charles Barnhart 10100-00100 Jacob Barnhart 10100-10100 Andrew Carker 01301-11201 Charles Barnhart, Sr. 00101-00200 David Cline 10100-20100 Tobias Clutz 40101-01010 Paul Carriker 10100-10010 Phillip Dry 12100-11210 Caleb Davis 11110-41210 Owen Dry 01001-00001 Jacob Dry 10010-50001 John Dry 10100-10100 Henry File 21010-10010 Henry Farer 20010-10001 Lewis Fisher 11001-42201 Daniel Fagot 30100-21010 Francis Funderburg 11110-21010 George Fagot 10010-10100 George Fogelman 00100-01000 Christopher Fogleman 10040-02100 Jacob Harkey 31010-12010 John Hagler 10310-00110 John Hoover 00100-20100 Paul Barnhart 10010-02000 Henry Linker 12210-12010 Frederick Fesperman 20011-00110 Leonard Barberick 00001-02001 Charles Blackwelder 11301-30201 George Brown 00100-20100 Phillip Barnhart 20010-20010 George Barnhart 21001-01010 Jacob Blackwelder no numbers Daniel Cline 11010-41010 George Cline 11310-12101 Daniel Crider 33010-10010 Jacob Coleman 00110-20100 Jacob Crounue 20021-10101 Henry Caster 00100-20300 John Kook 11010-50110 Mathias Kook 20011-21000 Michael Dewault 00010-30010 Henry Fur 20201-12010 William Gillimon 10010-30100 Michael Goodman 20010-10110 Daniel Hess 20010-10100 C???? Holteman 20100-20010 George Hartman 10101-01101 John Long 21111-01301 Jacob Misenheimer 02101-02101 John Misenheimer 00100-10200 John Mitchel 01011-30110 David Mitchel 01011-40011 Michal Minster 00001-10100 John Nisler 00201-02201 David Nisler 02010-31010 Nicholas Nisler 20010-20010 Peter Overcast 11001-32110 Michael Propes 12200-00110 George Rymer 31101-10010 Samuel Suther 00200-00200 William Scott 10010-41100 John Still 11110-21100 Michael Slough 11010-00101 Jacob Lewis 01200-00101 James Scott 03201-02010 Martin Slough 00101-02011 George Slough 20100-00100 David Suther 20010-22010 Catherine Shin 41100-10010 Samuel Shin 00110-40010 Phillip Shive 11101-10110 Nicholas Walter 20100-10100 Paul Walter 12001-20011 Michael Winecoff 41010-10010 John Yeoman 00001-01011 Henry Propes 10300-20100 Allison W. Rusle 00101-01011 Christian Croner 40010-10010 Jacob File 32011-20010 Moses Shank 00201-02000 Sopia Shurton 01100-31101 Nancy Barnhart 00100-11301 Thomas Rodgers 21210-00110 Henry Lysrond 21101-21010 Jacob Hindman 00100-00100 Peter Ernhart 02100-00100 Catherine Ferral 10000-10010 George Lefost 11010-51010 Jacob Heliman 00100-00100 Henry Cline 21010-10010 Henry Caster 30001-02010 Frederick Freisland 00100-00200 Tobias Stierwault 30010-10010 Michael Goodnight 20010-11010 Peter Conder 10010-10010 Adam Bower 11010-11011 Mathias Mitchel 10010-31010 John Shardel 00010-20010 William Andrew 01000-01001 ? Alexander Allen 10100-00100 James Burns 31110-21111 David Bradshaw 10010-20100 Moses Archibald 00200-00110 Andrew Crumwell 10010-00100 Robert Cokran 01101-01101 William Cokran 12101-00010 Robert Dickson 20010-10010 Rice Doolin 20110-10011 James Dickson 00100-10100 Thomas Davis 20010-00100 Widow Dickson 10100-01201 Andrew Davis 30010-30100 John Calvian 30301-01100 Alexander Forguson 10010-00100 Samuel Farr 20010-20010 Henry Farr 25010-20010 Samuel Harris 01110-01000 Obed Harris ? 20010-01000 ? Unreadable Robert Harris 11010-21010 Valentine Kirkpatrick 11301-00201 Andrew Cimmons 21101-20010 Robert Killpatrick 00100-00100 Charles McGinnis 00001-00001 James Morrison 01010-23010 Isaac McClalen 20010-40010 William Morrison 10001-01210 John Morrison 41010-10010 Samuel Morrison 40010-01010 Hector McCahran 31010-20010 James Murrey 00200-12000 Melcom McBride 21010-11000 John McGinnis 30010-30100 Robert Morrison 10010-40010 William Morrison 02010-11001 James Russel 01001-10310 Joseph Spiers 10010-20201 Nathan Phillips 10010-40011 Moses Stafford 00010-10100 William W. Spears 40010-00010 Elisha Spear 40010-00010 Isaiah Spears 11110-33110 John Tater 03010-21011 David White 00201-02101 Moses Wiley 21010-21010 John Cokran 10110-10100 Hugh Cimmons 02202-00301 John Crumwell 10011-00111 Robert Curry 01200-00010 Alexander Allin 20000-22010 Elisabeth Andrew 01000-00110 Margaret Caruthers 00000-00201 Robert Cokran, Jr. 20101-11010 Thomas Davis, Sr. 00211-00201 Andrew Davis, Sr. 10011-10301 Robert Davis 00100-00200 George Davis 00011-00001 Andrew Davis, Jr. 10010-10010 Moses Davis 00010-00100 Aaron Davis 20010-00100 Jonathan Davis 10010-20010 James M. Dickson 00010-10100 Robert Far 00210-10201 Thomas S. Harris 00120-00102 William Harris 20301-13001 Seth Hutson 11010-20010 Peter Huey 10201-00201 Nancy Morris 00400-01001 Enoch Morgan 21001-21001 John McCindley 21101-21010 David Newel 02000-20010 ? James Plunket 01200-10110 ? Hugh Pickens 22010-20000 Hugh Smith 11011-00201 Alexander Scott 02100-00000 Duncan Smith 00010-00000 James Stafford 02200-00100 William Stafford 00010-00000 Oliver Wiley 00100-00101 ? Oliver Wiley, Jr. 20100-00100 Evan S. Wiley 20100-00100 William Taylor 20100-00010 William Alexander 00311-00000 Samuel Irwin 00100-10100 James Hutson 10100-20100 Andrew Pharrow 11010-10110 Robert McMurrey 20110-01110 James Morrison 10100-00100 Johnston Bigger 10110-20111 William Wright 10100-10100 Jesse Whiteces 00020-00100 William McClelan 10100-00100 Solomon Spears 30010-23010 Carson R. Morrison 10100-00100 Margaret Bean 10101-10101 Joseph Welsh 01001-00210 Alexander Pickens 00100-10100 Archibald McCurdy 10010-10010 John McClelan 00001-02001 Cele Russle 00000-10010 Rebecca McKindley 10000-20100 David Taylor 11011-22010 Joel Hill 10100-30010 John Johnston 10100-20010 Catherine Penee 00100-10110 Jacob Barger 10100-00100 John Barger 21010-21010 Mathias Bean 00101-11011 John Bost 20010-10010 Arasmus Beninger 01201-41010 Paul Beninger 20010-20200 Jacob Boger 10010-10100 Peter Boyd 00101-00101 George Baringor 22010-22010 Tobias Cruse 21101-21201 Henry Cruse 31010-31010 John Cepple 20010-30010 John Currel 01101-00210 George Culp 21010-31010 William Cepple 31010-21010 Adam Cruse 31201-00110 Andrew Cruse 32210-11100 Jacob Dewauld 11201-11010 Henry Doolin 20002-10011 John Edleman 21210-11110 Lewis Fostey 22001-32010 Henry Fisher 10010-00010 Phillip File 10101-00110 Henry File 31000-10010 ? Henry Fesperman 10110-33010 John Fesperman 20010-20100 George Fisher 21101-30201 Thomas Goodman 10010-10100 George Goodman 23010-10010 Jacob Hillman 31201-20010 Edward D. Harris 12201-10201 Peter Isehower 00001-50011 Leonard Cluts 11001-31111 Peter Cable 01010-01010 John Cluts 31010-00010 Frederick Leppard 20010-10111 Paul Lingle 00100-10100 Henry Ludwick 12010-11010 Peter Lepperd 20010-10100 Nicholas Ludwick 31010-20010 Francis Lingle 20301-12001 Jacob Lootey 21010-10110 George Miller 22301-22010 James McMahon 00201-00010 John Misenheimer 00201-13001 Andrew McMahon 10010-00100 Paul Nooseman 00010-00100 Henry Richey 01101-11001 Jacob Reamer 31010-11010 George Richey 02201-11010 Michael Seferate 20010-10011 David Speek 01010-33010 George Stighler 32010-00011 Tobias Steirwalt 30010-10010 George Seferate 21010-42010 Daniel Treas 00010-10010 George Urey 00010-00000 Frederick Walker 20201-12101 Peter Sysmore 10010-31010 Henry Pless 01010-32010 William Sefferate 01101-01110 Phillip Creas 01101-11210 Jacob Rodare 10010-00100 Michael Richey 10100-00100 Thomas Duke 00101-01201 Martin Beninger 22001-12010 Henry Pless 20010-03010 George Shepperd 11010-51010 Michael Sides 00101-00001 George File 40100-10111 John Snyder 10100-00100 Jacob Boger 00011-00001 John Cox 02001-02001 Elisabeth Culp 00000-00001 Peter Culp 00010-20100 Henry Culp 10010-10100 Rue??? Sessions 10010-10010 Mathias Baringer 30010-22010 John Pick 20010-20010 George Culp 22010-30010 Kelian Cepple 22001-21010 Peter Cauple 00010-20010 Peter Trease 20010-20010 Henry Harkey 43010-12010 Peter Cepple 21010-32010 Catherine Troutman 11200-12110 Daniel Currel 20100-00100 Jacob Lence 11010-20110 Andrew Cruse 32101-11100 Catherine Binse 00100-10101 Henry Walker 20001-23010 Valentine Penel 10100-01011 Henry Miller 02010-21010 Thomas White 21010-20000 William Forguson 00100-10100 Robert Perviane 00010-32010 Samuel Crezine 10001-32001 George Crezine 00210-11210 John Crezine 00100-00010 Rayley Viles 31010-10010 William McGrauy 22210-01010 James McGraw 10001-00001 John McGraw 20010-40010 James Haedley 01010-30010 Stephen Headley 32010-20010 Joseph White 33001-20210 David Russle 20110-31110 John Crezine 00100-10100 Robert Forguson 30010-10100 John Chamberlain 00201-10101 Henry Bryan 02100-22010 Elijah Cotton 10110-00100 Paul Baringer 20010-10100 John Garrison 12420-00200 John Phifer 30011-00200 Widow Carson 00110-00101 George Cluts 00210-10100 David Holton 00010-10100 Daniel Coleman 10210-00010 Samuel Huey 31001-00001 John Huey 10010-10100 Charles Parker 10010-20101 Silas Shinn 30110-20210 John Masters 01010-20210 George Smith 01110-10010 Jean Russle 00000-00101 Joseph Shin 00100-10100 Benjamin Shinn 00100-00100 Isaac Shinn 30010-00100 Jean Shin 01110-21101 John Russle 01101-01101 James Russle 11100-10010 John Carson 31100-01200 Mary Russle 02000-00010 Frederick Minster 11001-12201 Thomas White 21010-32010 Catey Fleming 02101-01101 William Townsend 01101-13010 Thomas Dodson 00010-41010 Nicholas McGraw 00010-10010 Robert Lee 11010-21010 Isaac Plot 30010-11000 Rachel Voials 01010-00010 James Lee 10200-00100 William Lee 21000-10100 Thomas Voils 10010-10100 David Voils 00100-00000 Enoch McGraw 10010-00010 James Miller 20010-21010 John McGraw 11010-21010 William Forguson 00100-00100 Eli Dennis 00010-00010 Tobias Misenheimer 10100-10020 William Sides 20010-10010 John Plot 21010-20001 John Davis 10010-30001 Sion Seals 00020-00001 John Phillips 10100-00100 John Caruthers 01201-21001 Michael Garmon 00101-00011 David Purviance 10010-12100 Christopher Osborn 10100-10100 John Garmon 20010-51010 James Gray 20010-10010 Beverley Gray 40010-10100 Samuel McCurdey 11010-20010 Alexander McLarty 01101-22101 Archibald McLarty 22001-12001 William Wadington 10010-10100 George Garmon 20010-11010 John Ford 11010-31011 Henry Ceagle 00101-01100 William Creaton 10101-00111 Henry Ceagle, Jr. 00100-00100 William Gillim 10010-30010 Joseph Howel 10101-10201 Frederick Kizer 00201-03001 David Kizer 10010-20100 George Kizer, Sr. 00301-00101 George Kizer, Jr. 20010-10100 James Love 00001-00001 James Long 30101-13010 John Reed 00101-24001 Jacob Smith 30010-30210 John Tucker 01010-32011 Jacob Tater 10100-00100 William McNulty 10010-20101 Aaron Townsend 31010-11010 James Morgan 00100-10100 Peter Taler 10100-00201 Henry College 00001-00001 Jonah Love 00010-40000 Elisha Cheek 10010-30100 Conrad Reed 10010-10100 David Ceagle 20100-10100 George Long 00010-30100 James McLarty 00100-00100 Jacob Peter 20010-00100 Henry Reed 00100-00100 William Bost 20010-40010 Charles Dorlan 00201-00100 Samuel Black 20011-20010 John Black 21010-11010 John Bradshaw 20010-10010 James Bradshaw 22010-11100 Aaron Townsend 21010-10010 Robert Davis 00100-00200 Hamilton Russle 10010-00100 Joseph McAnulty 21010-31111 John Wise 00110-00100 Charles McKindley 21100-01010 Archibald McCurdey 20011-10111 William Newel 20010-00100 Johnston Newel 00010-00020 Francis Newel 20011-00020 Thomas Neely 00010-00100 John Neely 10010-10111 Jacob Sauceman 00010-00000 Daniel Sauceman 31110-12010 Samuel Wadington 11310-31010 Archibald White 30010-10010 John White 31010-10010 Samuel White 02111-10201 Aaron Wallace 01010-11010 John White 21001-10010 John White, Jr. 40010-10010 Archibald White 00110-30010 Thomas White 02201-00101 James Walker 01101-01201 William Watson 00010-00000 Archabald Walker 30100-00100 Joseph Howel 10001-11101 Michael Goodman 02101-12001 James Ashley 00100-10101 Lewis Collins 00100-20100 William Stow 01201-32201 Eli Bradshaw 00100-01001 John McCurdey 10010-00100 William S. White 20100-10100 William Wadington 10010-10101 Archibald White 20010-30100 Robert McCarron 00201-02301 James McCarron 10000-20100 Thomas McCarron 10200-10110 David McKindley 00001-00001 Joseph S. Taylor 00100-00100 Joseph McClelan 41010-02110 Males under 10 - 875 Males 10-15 - 404 Males 16-25 - 513 Males 26-44 - 442 Males 45 & over - 247 Females under 10 - 906 Females 10-15 - 398 Females 16-25 - 520 Females 26-44 - 400 Females 45 & over - 213 ___________________________________________________________________ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm This file was contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by: Kathy Marler chuck11@prtcnet.com ___________________________________________________________________