Hertford County NcArchives Court.....Spiers, V Clay's Administrators 1825 ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/nc/ncfiles.htm ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Deb Haines http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00003.html#0000719 January 21, 2009, 2:50 am Source: Cases Argued And Determined Supreme Court Of Nc Written: 1825 December Term 1825 SPIERS v. CLAY'S ADMINISTRATORS. From Hertford. Parol evidence shall not be received to contradict an acknowledgment in a deed of the payment of the purchase money. Assumpsit on the express promise of defendant's intestate. The facts were, that the plaintiff, on the 28th of August, 1822, had executed a writing in the following words: August 28, 1822.—Received of James Clay four hundred and fifty dollars, in full payment for two negroes,-and Dave her son, for which negroes, I do warrant and forever defend the right and title of said negroes, against all claim or claims whatsoever; and likewise do Warrant them to be sound and healthy. Whereunto I put my hand and seal. (Signed) Thomas Spiers. [L. S.] Witness, G. M. Smith. Afterwards, the plaintiff and Clay being together, Clay called on a witness and informed him that he wished him to take notice, that the writing above was given under the following conditions, to wit: That Clay had loaned to the plaintiff $100, and that Clay was about to go to Virginia; if on his return, plaintiff should pay the $100, then plaintiff should retain the slaves named in the foregoing writing; but if he did not pay the $100, then Clay was to pay plaintiff $350 in addition to the $100, and keep the slaves. Clay went to Virginia, leaving the slaves, and shortly thereafter died without returning; his administrator took possession of the negroes; and this action was brought for the $350, on the express promise of Clay. 11—4 [19] The presiding judge, Daniel, charged the jury, that the bill of sale under seal acknowledged the receipt of the purchase money of the slaves, and no parol evidence could be received to contradict it; that the parol evidence had been permitted to enable the plaintiff to show that the deed, or bill of sale, had been fraudulently obtained, and if the parties understood what they were about when (23) the writing was executed, and there was no actual fraud, then the acknowledgment of the payment of the purchase money could not be contradicted by parol evidence. The jury found for defendant, plaintiff moved for a new trial, which was refused, and from the judgment rendered, he appealed to this court. L. Martin, for appellant. —The plaintiff having given his receipt for the consideration money under his hand and seal, the question is, whether a subsequent promise to pay it is a nude pact; or to state it in other words, can the payment of the consideration be inquired into by parol testimony? That the terms of a contract committed to writing, whether under seal or not, cannot be added to, varied, or contradicted, by parol evidence, I admit to be clear at common law before the statute of frauds was passed; and this contract being for a slave, had not there been a memorandum in writing the contract could not have been enforced. But what part of this transaction is it, that we call the contract? Is it not the agreement in writing between the parties to transfer the title to the slaves for $450? Can it be considered any part of the contract, in this sense, whether the consideration was paid down or is to be paid hereafter on certain conditions? Does it vary, add to or contradict any part of the instrument, technically called the contract, when parol evidence is permitted on inquiries into the consideration, whether paid or not? It has been adjudged that the consideration mentioned in deeds may be inquired into on parol evidence, by very high authority. In the case of The King v. The Inhabitants of Scammoden (3 Term R. 474), L. Kenyon, in giving the opinion of the Court, said, "It is clear that the party might prove other considerations than those expressed in the deed. It is permitted in all cases of covenants to stand seized to uses." And his lordship refers to the case of Filmer v. Gott (24) (7 Brown's C. Cas. 70), which was an appeal to the House of Lords, as satisfactory authority to support him. And there are sundry cases decided in New York that support the position that I contend for in this case. In 14 Johns. R. 210, the case of Shepherd v. Little is in point. In that case the plaintiff had sold the defendant a lease, in the conveyance of which he acknowledged, under his hand and seal, that he had received the sum of $500 "in hand paid." The recovery was resisted on the same ground it is in this case; but the Court decided that the plaintiff might introduce the evidence. And in the case of Kip v. Dennison (4 Johns. R. 23), the Court held, that where two trustees had executed a conveyance of land, in which was contained a joint acknowledgment of the receipt of the consideration money, that it was competent for one of the trustees to show that the whole of the money went into the hands of the other, and thus exonerate himself from liability. We do not, in this case, attempt to contradict or vary or alter the contract, that is, that the plaintiff sold the slaves to the defendant for $450; but we affirm this, and only offer to prove another instrument, not varient from it, relative to the consideration. I have not been able to find any cases analogous to this; but I have found divers cases where a recovery on an express assumpsit has been effected, where the remedy has been suspended by statute, and where it has been suspended by stubborn rules of law. Freeman v. Fenton (Cowp. R. 544), is a case where the remedy was suspended by statute. A bankrupt gave his note for a debt due the plaintiff before his bankruptcy, promising to pay, and although the recovery was resisted, it was enforced. And where a debt is barred by the bankrupt's certificate, if he afterwards promise to pay it, it shall bind him; and it is sufficient in such case to declare on the original (25) consideration. 1 Chit. Plead. 40, Besford v. Sanders, 2 H. Bla. R. 116. And in the case of insolvent debtors discharged, or debtors discharged under the Lord's act, their bodies are not liable to be taken in execution: but if, in either of these cases, the debtor after his discharge promise to pay the debt, he may be sued, or taken in execution upon such new contract, as in case of a bankrupt. 1 Chit. Plead. 42. And the cases arising under the statute of limitations are familiar. Even the acknowledging the existence of the debt will revive the remedy under this statute. The case of Brockett v. Foscue (8 N. C., 64), don't conflict with the principle I contend for. In that case, there was no express promise, to pay the money: the case shows it was on an implied assumpsit. I think it was strange, after the plaintiff had released his debt, by which the defendant was discharged by an inflexible rule of law, that he should then contend to recover by an assumpsit that could only arise by implication of law. But suppose this case comes so clearly within the principle of the case of Brockett v. Foscue, that the release may be conclusive evidence on the plea of the general issue, against the assumpsit for the balance of the price of the slaves; may not the plaintiff still recover on the ground of the new promise made afterward? and may not the having given the release without receiving the consideration money, be a sufficient consideration to support the promise? Between partners, who have by deed covenanted to account with each other, and pay over what shall appear to be due, if they state an account and one expressly promise to pay the balance, assumpsit may be supported notwithstanding the deed. 1 Chit. 96. See also a note to 3 Bos. & Pul. 249. Hawks, for appellee,—referred to Brockett v. Foscue (8 N. C., R. 64), and was about to examine how far a consideration was made out for defendant's promise, (26) when he was informed by Judge Henderson that it was unnecessary. The Chief Justice afterwards delivered the Court's opinion in these words: The affirmance of this judgment is of course under the case of Brockett v. Foscue, and the other adjudications of this Court to the same effect. Judgment Affirmed. Cited and approved. Shaw v. Williams, 109 N. C., 272. Additional Comments: North Carolina Reports, Volume 11 Cases Argued and Determined in the SUPREME COURT of NORTH CAROLINA. For December Term 1825 and June Term 1826 by Francis L Hawks (Vol. IV) Annotated by Walter Clark Richmond: James E Goode Printing Company, Printers 1897 File at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/nc/hertford/court/spiers1392gwl.txt This file has been created by a form at http://www.genrecords.org/ncfiles/ File size: 9.0 Kb