YANCEY COUNTY, NC - MILITARY - CW Service Record, Lt. William Jasper Edney
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Note:  This is a Civil War Service Record for Lt. William Jasper 
Edney of Jacks Creek, Yancey County. He was born in Yancey County,
married Madison County.

William Jasper Edney was a First Lieutenant in Company C, 16th
Regiment, North Carolina Troops, Confederate States Army. They
were known as the Black Mountain Boys  His records list his name
as William J. Edney. He was a son of Calvin J. Edney [CSA] of
Edneyville, Henderson County, and Lucinda Wilson of Cane River
in Yancey County. Calvin Edney was a son of Rev. Asa Edney and
Sarah Mills Edney. Lucinda Wilson was the daughter of Edward
Wilson and Mary Polly Gilbert.

A brief summary of his Confederate service from North Carolina
Troops 1861-1865, compiled from National Archives records, and
published by the North Carolina Department of Archives and
History:

"Resided in Yancey County where he enlisted at the age of 25, on
May 1, 1861. Mustered in as a Sergeant, and was present or
accounted for until wounded at or near Seven Pines, Vriginia, on
or about May 31, 1862. He returned to duty on an unspecified
date and was elected Second Lieutenant on July 30, 1862.
Promoted to First Lieutenant on October 16, 1862. Present or
accounted for until captured at Fredericksburg, Virginia,
December 13, 1862. Paroled on December 14, 1862. Returned to
duty prior to March 1, 1863, and was present or accounted for
through October, 1864."

A report in the Asheville News, June 12 1862, "List of Killed
and Wounded of Sixteenth Regiment N.C. Troops, at the Battle of
Saturday, May 31st: Company C: Wounded, Private William J.
Edney."  After the War, he became a deputy sheriff in Yancey
County, per LLoyd Bailey, "News from Yancey", p36.

An itinerary of the Confederate service of Lieutenant William J.
Edney, Commanding officer, Company C, 16th North Carolina
Regiment, otherwise known as The Black Mountain Boys, from
official government records and other sources:

May 1861. Volunteered, on the 16th. Private, enlisted by Captain
John S. McElroy at Burnsville, for twelve months.

June 1861. Arrived on the 16th with his regiment in Raleigh, NC,
where it was organized as the 6th Regiment, North Carolina
Volunteers.

July 1861. Arrived at Richmond, Virginia on the 6th. Ordered on
the 7th to join forces with General Robert S. Garnett at Cheat
Mountain, western Virginia. While enroute they learned of the
defeat in battle and death of General Garnett; rerouted to
Huntersville Va, to guard the Virginia Central Railroad. On the
29th General Robert E. Lee arrives at Valley Mountain, 30 miles
NW of Huntersville. On the 30th the Black Mountain Boys arrive.
A sudden measles epidemic breaks out, disabling more than two
thirds of the men.

August 1861. While at Valley Mountain the weather turns rainy
and and the nights become cold; provisions are in short supply.
The regiment can advance no further; their health rapidly
deteriorates, sickness spreads throughout the camp, and half of
the men are hospitalized.

September 1861. General Lee decides on the 9th that the Union
army has too much of the advantage, and orders operations there
discontinued. On the 26th the men are ordered to Greenbrier
Bridge in western, now West, Virginia, where they went into
camp.

November 1861. Private Edney becomes 3rd Sergeant Edney. On the
14th the men receive orders to move to Manassas Junction in
Virginia, near Washington DC, via rail, where the Union army is
showing its presence in large numbers. The 6th North Carolina
Volunteers are reorganized as the 16th Regiment, North Carolina
Troops, and assigned to the Confederate Army, by Special Order
No. 222, Adjutant & Inspector General's Office at Richmond, Va.
On the 21st the newly named 16th is ordered to join forces with
South Carolina General Wade Hampton's Brigade at Bacon Race
Church near Dumfries, Va. Then on to Colchester on the Occoquan
River, where they built fortifications against attack.

December 1861. Sergeant Edney moved with the 16th NC to Bacon
Race Church on Christmas Day, where they were assigned picket
duty at Wolf Run Shoals, and subsequently into winter quarters.

January 28 1862. William J. Edney is hospitalized at Wolf Run
Shoals, Virginia, for unspecified causes.

February 26 1862. William contacts typhoid fever and is taken to
the C.S.A. General Hospital at Chancellorsville, Virginia.

March 1862. Winter begins to break; Union Army commander, and
future presidential candidate, George B. McClellan moves into
Virginia from Washington, destination Williamsburg, beginning
the Peninsula Campaign. On the fifteenth the 16th NC regiment
breaks camp and moves to Fredericksburg, Va.

April 1862. Sergeant William Edney is released from the hospital
and rejoins his regiment on the 3rd. Receipt of orders on the
15th sends the men to Yorktown, Va, via Fredericksburg, where
they are placed in the reserve forces under General W.H.C.
Whiting. The Government of the Confederate States of America
passes a conscript act. No more volunteer army as of April 16th.
Everyone must now serve for the duration of the war. John S.
McElroy appointed Colonel of the regiment on the twenty-sixth.

May 1862. Lieutenant Benjamin Cathey of Company A wrote, "After
staying at Yorktown several days, eating oysters and taking in
the points of historic interest, such as the old Revolutionary
fortifications, we marched again on the 5th of May, passing
through Williamsburg. Then followed several days of hard
marching, through rain and mud, in which there was no time to
stop or draw rations. It was under these circumstances that the
regiment reached the Chickahominy swamps, where picket duty and
skirmishing began in earnest. The enemy was using in front of
the Sixteenth some large New Foundland dogs as advance pickets.
When we wished to move forward our picket we disposed of those
"quadraped Yanks" in short order by administering our favorite
prescription, "rebel" pellets in lead." The battle of Seven
Pines began on the 31st; William Edney is wounded in the back
and arm at the battle of Seven Pines, Virginia. Also wounded,
but slightly, was his baby brother, 15 year-old James "Little
Jimmy" Edney. William is taken to Lynchburg, Virginia and placed
in General Hospital No. 2. Lt Cathey described the action, "The
Sixteenth moved forward under a galling fire from batteries and
small arms as well... We found ourselves confronted by a miry
swamp, covered with timber felled towards us, the limbs of the
trees being sharpened and forming an impassable abattis... Here
we lay down so close to the enemy that he could not lower his
guns so as to bring them to bear upon us." Confederate commander
General Joseph E. Johnston wounded; General Robert E. Lee
assumes his first battle command assignment of the war.

June 1862. Federal army receives a large number of
reinforcements on the 1st, and the Confederates withdraw. The
16th NC is removed from Wade Hampton's brigade and placed under
General William D. Pender, A.P. Hill's Division. Battle of
Mechanicsville, Va on the 26th where the 16th NC leads the
charge; Battle of Gaines Mill on the 27th, lead by A.P. Hills'
men; Battle of Frayser's Farm on the 29th, lead by Generals Hill
and Longstreet.

August 1862. Having shown leadership at the Battle of Seven
Pines, W.J. Edney is Promoted to 2nd Lieutenant while
recuperating from his wounds in the hospital. Discharged on the
21st, he returns to duty, but is re-hospitalized on the 23rd for
three days. On the 27th he fights at the first battle of Bull
Run, or Manassas.

September 1862. The Southern armies move into Northern territory
at Frederick, MD, then into West Virginia, where they attack a
Union stronghold at Harper's Ferry on the 14th. The entire Union
garrison surrendered when attacked by A.P. Hills's men. The 16th
NC was selected to move in to accept the surrender of eleven
thousand men. Three days later they leave Harpers Ferry to join
the fighting in progress at Sharpsburg, known as the Battle of
Antietam, which had been raging all day. They arrived just in
time to reinforce Gen. Lee and prevent a Confederate defeat.
Afterwards they march into West Virginia, then on to Bunker Hill
Virginia where they went into camp on the 20th. General Hill
addressed his men, saying, "You have done well and I am pleased
with you. You have fought in every battle from Mechanisville to
Shepherdstown, and no one can yet say the Division was ever
broken. You saved the day at Sharpsburg, and at Shepherdstown
you were selected to face a storm of round shot, grape and shell
such as I have never before witnessed."

October - November 1862. On the 16th of that month, William is
promoted to 1st Lieutenant, Company C, 16th N.C. Regiment,
Scales Brigade, Wilcox’s Division, Hill’s Corps, Army of
Northern Virginia. Again, he has shown his leadership qualities
at Antietam. The men then set up camp at Orange Court House, Va.
Near the end of November they move to Fredericksburg.

December 1862. General Lee order's Hill's men to confront their
enemy at Fredericksburg. At dawn on the 12th they moved into a
defensive position running along the Rappahannock River from
Hamilton's Crossing to Deep Run Creek, with the 16th NC on the
left of the line next to the Creek. On the 13th the Union army
charges straight across the river at them and is driven back. A
break in the Confederate line opened right where the 16th was
positioned. Lt Cathey wrote, "The enemy, perceiving this to be a
vulnerable point in our line, sought to pass through it... and
inflicted a severe punishment upon our line." However one
officer and 15 enlisted men of the 16th were captured. That one
officer was 1st Lieutenant William J. Edney. The regiment also
lost 6 men killed, and 48 were wounded.

The records show: "W.J. Edney, 2nd Lieutenant, a Prisoner of
War, captured at Fredericksburg, Virginia, December 13. On the
14th, Office of the Provost Marshal General, Army of the
Potomac. PAROLE. I, 2nd Lieutenant W.J. Edney of the 16th N.C.
Reg’t do hereby give my parole of honor, that I will not take up
arms or serve in any military capacity against the Government of
the United States, until released from this obligation by
competent authorities. {Signed} W.J. Edney. Individual’s parole
has been forwarded to Colonel Ludlow, Agent for Exchange. On the
17th, Sent into the enemy’s lines at Fredericksburg December 17,
subject to the conditions of the transfer as arranged by Major
General Parks, Chief of Staff, in behalf of the United States
and Lieutenant General James Longstreet in behalf of the enemy.
Physical description given; 25 years of age, born in North
Carolina, height 5’8", light complexion, blue eyes, light hair."
The regiment then goes into winter camp at Camp Gregg, below
Fredericksburg, at Moss Neck.

May 1863. Battle of Chancellorsville, Va. Early in the A.M. of
the 2nd, the 16th under Gen. Stonewall Jackson is ordered to
march around and come up behind the Union army gathered there.
At 5:15 they attack in three waves. The first two waves drove
the enemy back for some distance before digging in their heels.
The third wave was the 16th NC under Gen. Pender; the first two
waves had failed, and so, the 16th NC became the front line of
attack. That evening the Black Mountain Boys were detached from
Jackson's command and ordered to report to Gen J.E.B. Stuart's
cavalry, where they attacked a Union cavalry force at Ely's Ford
at 11:30 p.m. At 3:00 a.m. they rejoined the main force. On May
3rd, Gen. Jackson is accidentally shot in the dark by an
unidentified group of North Carolina soldiers, and dies at few
days later. At Chancellorsville, the regiment lost 17 killed, 73
wounded. A.P. Hill replaces Jackson; Pender replaces Hill; Gen
Alfred Scales replaces Pender.

June - July 1863. The Gettysburg Campaign of Robert E. Lee
begins. The battle of Gettysburg opens on 1 July against Union
cavalry under Gen. John Buford. Gen. Scales afterwards wrote his
report to Gen. Lee. "We pressed on until coming up with the line
in our front, which was at a halt and lying down. I received
orders to halt... That I might keep in supporting distance, I
ordered an advance... We crossed the ridge, and commenced the
descent just opposite the theological seminary. Here the brigade
encountered a most terrific fire on our flank and front. Every
discharge made sad havoc in our line, but still we pressed on at
a double-quick until we reached the bottom, a distance of about
75 yards from the college. Here I received a painful wound and
was disabled. Our line had been broken up, and now only a squad
here and there marked the place where regiments had rested."
Col. Lourance replaces Scales. General Pender is killed. July
3rd - Pickett's Charge - and the 16th North Carolina was in the
line of advance. Col. Lourance's report, "We were ordered
forward over a wide, hot and already crimson plain. We advanced
upon the enemy's line, which was in full view, at a distance of
1 mile. Now their whole line of artillery was playing upon us,
which was on an eminence in our front, strongly fortified and
supported by infantry. While we were thus advancing, many fell,
but I saw but few in that most hazardous hour who even tried to
shirk duty. All went forward with a cool steady step, but ere we
had advanced over two-thirds of the way, troops from the front
came tearing through our ranks, which caused many of our men to
break, but with the remaining few we went forward until the
right of the brigade touched the enemy's line of breastworks...
Now the pieces in our front were all silenced. Here many were
shot down, being then exposed to a heavy fire of grape and
musketry upon our right flank. Now all apparently had forsaken
us. The two brigades (now reduced to mere squads, not numbering
in all 800 guns) were the only line to be seen upon that vast
field, and no support in view. The natural inquiry was, What
shall we do? and none to answer. The men answered for
themselves, and, without orders, the brigade retreated, leaving
many men on the field unable to get off, and some, I fear,
unwilling to undertake the hazardous retreat. The brigade was
then rallied on the same line where it was first formed." An
excellent depiction of these two battles in which the 16th NC
fought may be seen in the movie "Gettysburg."

On the 30th of July, William J. Edney's leadership qualities are
again recognized, as he is appointed commanding officer of
Company C, 16th North Carolina Regiment. A pay voucher: Received
at camp near Culpeper, Va, the 31st of July 1863 of Lt. H.F.
White, four pair pants $10.00, three pair drawers $2.00, twelve
pair shoes $15.50, in full of the requisition. {Signed} Lieut.
W.J. Edney, Commanding Co C. 16th N.C.T.

August 1863. Requisition for Stationery for Co. C, 16th N.C.T.
stationed at camp near Orange Court House, Va, for the 3rd
Quarter, commencing on the 1st of July and ending on the 30th of
Sept 1863. 1-1/8 quires of letter paper. {Signed} Lt. W.J.
Edney, Commanding, Co C. Received on the 30th August 1863 of Lt.
H.F. White, acting quartermaster, C.S. Army, one & one eighth
quires of letter paper. [Signed} Lt. W.J. Edney. Received at
camp near Orange the 31st day of Aug 1863 of Lt. H.F. White,
twelve pair pants $11.00, twelve shirts $2.25, eleven pairs
drawers $5.00, six jackets $12.00, nine pair socks, two pair
shoes $6.00, in full. {Signed} Lt. W.J. Edney, Commanding.

September 1863. Requistiion for Straw for Company C, 16th No.
Car. Reg’t of Infantry, commanded by Col. Jno. S. McElroy for
the month of September 1863, stationed in camp near Orange Court
House, Va. I certify on honor that straw has not been drawn for
any part of the time above charged. {Signed} Lt. W.J. Edney,
Commanding, Co. C. Received at Camp near Orange C.H., Va, the
4th of September 1863 of Lt. H.F. White, acting quartermaster,
C.S.A., 100 pounds straw, in full of the above. {Signed} Lt.
W.J. Edney, Commanding, Co C.

October - December 1863. In October, Lt. Edney took a detail to
guard the troop train at Buckland, Va. While there the regiment
was assigned to Alfred Scales Brigade of Cadmus Wilcox's
division of A.P. Hill's Corps. On November 29 the regiment was
entrenched at Mine Run, Va. On December 2 they went into winter
quarters with General Scales Brigade near Orange Court House,
Va, with detachments of the 16th rotating on picket duty at a
place called Barnett's Ford on the Rapidan River. A Special
Requisition signed by Lt W.J. Edney, supplies for his Company. 1
jacket, 3 pr. pants @ $12.25; 8 pair drawers @ $3.00; 2 shirts @
$3.00; 2 wool shirts, 1 pair shoes, 1 fly tent. "I certify that
the above requisition is correct; and that the articles
specified are absolutely requisite for the public service.
Received at Camp near Orange Court House, Va, of G.M. McElroy.
{Signed} Lt. W.J. Edney

January 1864. HQ, 16th NC Reg’t. Camp at Orange Court House, Va,
19 January 1864,  Special Order. A Board of Survey will assemble
at the Ordnance Department 16th N.C.T. for the purpose of
deciding on certain ordnance stores chargeable to sundry
officers of the 16th N.C. Troops. The Board to consist of the
following named officers. 1st Lt. W.J. Edney, Co. C, 1st Lt.
John W. Mills, Co J, 2nd Lt. G.H. Mills, Co G. Ordnance Dept,
16th N.C.T. Jan 9th 1864. Pursuant to above orders we the
undersigned Board of Survey assembled for the purpose of
deciding as to the liability of sundry officers of 16th N.C.T.
for certain ordnance stores chargeable to them, to wit: 4
cartridge boxes, 6 cartridge box belts, 6 waist belts, 1 bayonet
scabbard, 4 cap pouches, 2 screw drivers, 45 haversacks, 5
knapsacks, 5 canteens, 3 gun slings, which have been lost and
stolen; and report as follows -- that in our opinion no one
should be held responsible for any of said items. {Signed} Lt.
W.J. Edney, ... I acknowledge that I have received of Jas.
McElroy, Capt; this 19th day of January 1864 the sum of ninety
dollars being the amount paid in full, from 31st October to 30th
November 1863, for 1 months pay for myself. {Signed} W.J. Edney,
1st Lt. 16th Regt N.C. Troops.

February 1864. Headquarters, Scales Brigade, Orange Court House,
Virginia, 19 February 1864. Special Orders No. 9. A Board of
Survey will convene at the quarters of Lt. Col. Starnes, 16th
Reg’t NC Troops at once to assess the value of certain ordnance
stores which have been lost and for which Lt. J.M. Sides, Co E,
16th NC Reg’t is accountable. The Board will decide whether the
stores referred to were unavoidably lost or otherwise. Detail
for the Board: 1st Lt. W.J. Edney, Co C, 16th NC; 2nd Lt. J.C.
Todd, Co G, 30th NC, 2nd Lt. Wm. B. Chandler, Co C, 13th NC. By
order of General W.J. Hoke. Pursuant to the above order, we the
undersigned board of survey assembled at HQ 16th NC Troops to
assess the value of certain ordnance stores... to wit, 1
cartridge box, 1 cap pouch, 2 cartridge box belts, 4 waist
belts, 3 bayonet scabbards, 1 cap, 3 ball screws, 1 screw
driver, 7 haversacks, 2 knapsacks, 5 canteens, for which in our
opinion the said Lt. J.M. Sides should be held responsible for
all except 2 new knapsacks which we consider lost. Respectfully
submitted. {Signed} 1st Lt. W.J. Edney, ....

March - April 1864. Absent on detached service, picket duty at
Barnett’s Ford on the Rapidan River.

May 1864. Battle of Parker's Store, Va., 5th; Battle of
Spotsylvania Court House, 7th thru the 12th. Grant was
unsuccessful against the Confederate line, and began to move his
army eastward; on May 21 Scale's and Thomas brigades were
ordered forward to scout the new enemy positions. On May 23 Hill
ordered Wilcox's division forward to blunt the Federal advance
along the North Anna River, just east of Spotsylvania, while
Wilcox deployed his division with three brigades on line and
Scale's brigade behind the left brigade; they advanced to the
attack. As the division advanced, the left brigade gave way, and
Scale's brigade moved to the front line. The 16th Regiment
advanced against the enemy pickets, and then rejoined the
brigade.

June - July 1864. The Battle of Cold Harbor, Va, on the 1st day
of June proved to be one of the bloodiest of the War, especially
for the northerners. General Grant lost more than 7,000 men,
dead or wounded. Battle at Riddle's Shop on the thirteenth, in
which the 16th was briefly engaged. June 18th, both armies
arrive at Petersburg; the 16th Regiment is stationed along
Sycamore Street.

August - December 1864. Battle of Reams' Station on the 24th of
August; Scales' brigade launches an attack at 2:00 p.m., but
fail. Later attempts in the day were successful; they then
returned to the Petersburg trenches. September 29th, battle at
Jones' Farm; the 16th NC Regiment barely escapes total capture.
They see little action through the end of the year 1864. Grant
has the entire Confederate army surrounded, with little hope of
escape, no chance to re-supply with food, clothing, or supplies.

February - March 1865. Battle engagement at Hatcher's Run on the
5th. Grant's forces break through on March 29th. Time is rapidly
running out for the men in grey.

April 1865. General Lee orders his army to pull out of the
Petersburg trenches during the night of April 1st, and march
westward to Amelia Court House, where they regrouped on the 4th
and 5th. At Sayler's Creek on the 6th they sustain heavy losses.
A majority of Lee's army was captured there. On the 7th Scale's
men drove back a Union cavalry advance attempting to take
advantage of the retreat. General A.P. Hill, Gen. Lee's
favorite, was killed. General Lee, and a large body of what was
remaining of his army, arrived at Appomattox Court House. Two
days later he surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant. The 16th
regiment was not surrendered at Appomattox, but elsewhere, as
they were then in support of General John B. Gordon just west of
Appomattox. It was there they received the word to "Cease
Fire,"; the war was over for the ninety five men who remained of
the more than 900 who had fought with them. One of Lieutenant
William J. Edney's brothers, Lieutenant John B. Edney, was with
the Edney Greys of the 25th North Carolina at Appomattox.
William's name does appear on the Appomattox surrender list.

The Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites, of
which I am a member, had this to say in their February 1996
newsletter: "The Battle of Sayler's Creek, April 6, 1865, was
actually three separate actions. Confederate General John B.
Gordon's column, acting as Lee's rear guard during the retreat
from Richmond/Petersburg, fought just east of the confluence of
Big and Little Sayler's Creek against the Federals of Andrew
Humphrey's Second Corps. After a day-long struggle, Gordon was
forced across the creek. Further sough, along Little Sayler's
Creek and just west of the Hillsman House, Richard Ewell's small
force was overwhelmed by Horatio Wright's Sixth Corps, and about
a mile south, Richard Anderson's corps put up a good struggle
before succumbing to Philip Sheridan's Federal cavalry [among
whose numbers was Civil War hero, George Armstrong Custer]. By
the day's end, the Federals had lost nearly 540, while the
Confederates counted over 7, 000 casualties, many of those
captured. These men Lee could ill afford to lose. What remained
of the once-invincible Army of Northern Virginia continued to
retreat west toward a date with destiny three days later at
Appomattox Court House." The APCWS has recently acquired the
Sayler's Creek Battle Site for historic preservation.

So, where did Lieutenant William J. Edney fight during the war?
Wherever General Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson was, and
after Jackson's death, wherever General Robert E. Lee so
directed. Lieutenant Benjamin H. Cathey, of the 16th Regiment,
who lived in Jackson County, NC, wrote, "The Sixteenth remained
with the Army of Northern Virginia to the surrender -- most of
the time under fire and all the time marching, starving, never
despairing... She passed through the trying and unequal
experiences at Petersburg and in its fall with our own heroic
dead she numbered her trusted corps Commander, A.P. Hill. After
Petersburg the Sixteenth, still undaunted, divided the corn of
the horses to appease hunger and, sturbbornly marching and
fighting to the last, surrendered with General Lee at
Appomattox. Their sacrifice was fully repaid when, the dread day
having arrived and the momentous act performed, they listened to
the words as they fell from the lips of Robert E. Lee himself:
"God bless old North Carolina!" With the blessing resting upon
their heads, they turned their faces in the direction of their
broken homes, where, through all the years that have followed,
they have cherished the parting benediction of their great
chieftan as a priceless heritage. The total casualties of the
Sixteenth Regiment for the entire war were something more than
800 men."

William Jasper Edney married Rachel Brejetta Merrill, 20 October
1872 at Mars Hill. Brejetta was the daughter of Madison County
sheriff Ransome Powell Merrill (1812-1861) and his wife Dorcas
Anna Metcalf (1811-1912). Jasper was born 1833, died 1899,
buried Yancey County. Brejetta was born 1853, died 1922, buried
Madison County.

Sources for the above narrative include: (a) The Compiled
Service Records of Lieutenant William J. Edney, National
Archives, Washington DC. (b) Histories of the Several Regiments
and Battalions from North Carolina in the Great War 1861-1865,
Written by Members of the Respective Commands. Edited by
Lieut-Colonel Walter Clark, Seventeenth Regiment, N.C.T., Volume
1, published by the State of North Carolina, 1900, reprint by
Broadfoot's Bookmark, Wendell, NC, 1982. (c) North Carolina
Troops, 1861-1865, A Roster, Weymouth T. Jordan, Editor.
Published by the Department of Cultural Resources, Division of
Archives and History, Raleigh NC. (d) The Official Records of
the War of the Rebellion, Series 1. Published by the United
States Government. (e) My North Carolina Heritage, Volume 6,
Descendants of Robert Edney and Anna Wrensher, By Marshall
L.Styles


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