NEBRASKA HISTORY AND RECORD OF PIONEER DAYS VOL I, NO. 1, FEB 1918 Transcribed from a copy of the original publication by the submitters. Submitted to the USGenWeb Nebraska Archives, January, 1998, by Ted and Carole Miller (susieque@pacbell.net). USGenWeb Project NOTICE: In keeping with our policy of providing free information on the internet, data may be used by non-commercial researchers, as long as this message remains on all copied material. These electronic pages may not be reproduced in any format for profit, nor for presentation in any form by any other organization or individual. Persons or organizations desiring to use this material for purposes other than as stated above, must obtain express written permission from the author, or the submitter and from the listed USGenWeb Project archivist. *************** NEBRASKA HISTORY AND RECORD OF PIONEER DAYS Vol. I. no. 1 - February 1918 (Original had no Table of Contents) Our New Publication: "Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days" 1 Prehistoric Indian Remains in Nebraska 1 Church Howe of Auburn, NE 1 Furnas-Maxwell-Chapman Papers (collections) 1 Farmer's Part in Nebraska History 1 NSHS, Historical Sketch 2 Nebraska in War Time (list of wars in which people of NE participated) 2 Historical Society Board, New Members of 2 Nebraska Press & the Historical Society 2 General John H. Pershing (middle initial should be "J.") 3 3, Nebraska History Publications 6-7 The First War on the NE Frontier - 1823, Arikara Indian War 3 Hero of NE Frontier "Dutch Joe" - Joseph GREWE of Valentine, NE 4 Nebraska History Plays in NE (Education) 5-6 Nebraska History Publications - Pamphlets & Books (cont from page 3) 6-7 Nebraska Constitutional Conventions 7 Nebraska Legislative Reference Bureau Bulletins 7 Nebraska Academy of Sciences Bulletins 7 Sources of Nebraska People - Ethnic groups from 1910 census 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NEBRASKA HISTORY CHURCH HOWE AND RECORD OF PIONEER DAYS A picturesque and striking figure --------------------------------- in the history of Nebraska was Published Monthly by the Church Howe of Auburn. He served in Nebraska State Historical nine sessions of the Nebraska Society legislature. He was speaker of the --------------------------------- House and president pro tempore of Editor, ADDISON E. SHELDON the Senate. He was a soldier of the Associate Editors Civil War. He ably represented the The Staffs of the Nebraska State United States in important positions Historical Society and abroad. He was one of the shrewdest Legislative Reference Bureau politicians and hardest fighters --------------------------------- Nebraska has known. His son, Herbert Subscription $2.00 Per Year R. Howe, of Auburn, has promised to --------------------------------- go over his father's papers and q All sustaining members of the transfer to the Historical Society Nebraska State Historical those of public interest. Society receive Nebraska -------- History without further payment. q Application made at Lincoln. THE FURNAS-MAXWELL-CHAPMAN PAPERS Nebraska. for admission to In the summer of 1905 the editor mails as second class matter, spent a week at the home of Samuel under act of July 16, 1894. Maxwell in Fremont going over the --------------------------------- correspondence of fifty years active VOLUME service in Nebraska public life, 1. FEBRUARY, 1918 NUMBER 1 with Henry Maxwell, his son. These --------------------------------- papers were sent to the fireproof vault of the Historical Society and OUR NEW PUBLICATION were the first considerable body of The plans for "Nebraska private papers received by that History" were made five years Society. At a little later period ago. Three years ago Miss the papers and correspondence of Bernice Branson, of Lincoln, Robert W. Furnas were added to this made the first sketch for the collection and soon after, those of illustrated heading. It was then Samuel M. Chapman of Plattsmouth. planned as a publication of the These papers remained in the vaults Legislative Reference Bureau. in confusion until the summer of The union of the Historical 1917 when they were assembled, Society and Reference Bureau arranged in chronological and work under one head, made in alphabetical order in letter files January, 1917, modified the and made part of the historical original plan and delayed the exhibit at the semicentennial first publication. It is the celebration. It would be hard to intention to make this Journal a name two men more influential in the piece of popular literature, - formative period of Nebraska society as distinguished from academic. than Governor Furnas and Judge It will aim to present in clear Maxwell. One was the prophet of and attractive form fact, story, Nebraska agriculture, the other had comment and criticism relating a leading part in the framing of her to the history of Nebraska. It constitution and interpretation of will be a personal letter each her laws. Judge Chapman was a month from the Historical positive, elemental force in our Society staff to the members of early politics and the intimate the Society and the Nebraska friend of Judge Maxwell. The papers public, giving the news of of these three men are of primary historical research and interest and value for, the study of discovery, trying to inspire a the first fifty years of Nebraska's sincere love for our history. They are the beginnings of commonwealth and an active a collection which should include interest in the truthful record the papers and correspondence of of its affairs. many other men and women who have ------- bad active part in the making of Nebraska. PREHISTORIC AND INDIAN REMAINS -------- IN NEBRASKA Scattered over Nebraska are THE FARMER'S PART IN NEBRASKA hundreds of sites of old Indian HISTORY camps and homes of prehistoric The most important part of people. Their presence is Nebraska history is the history of revealed to the practiced eye by her agriculture. Upon this slight depressions and fundamental industry all that elevations of the surface, Nebraska is or will be is based. Out usually rings or ovals; by of a total population at present of broken bits of pottery and flint about 1,300,000 there are 700,000 and sometimes by other actually living upon farms, and evidences. No subject is of more practically all the remainder in a universal human interest than direct way dependent upon farming. the subject of primitive man. He Now, the evolution of farming in is a partial revelation of the Nebraska during the lifetime of the mystery of man's origin upon writer exhibits one of the most this planet. Everyone is extraordinary and fascinating interested in that subject. panoramas of human progress. At one Every locality in our state end is the ox-team and the where was once the site at an buffalo-Indian; at the other end is Indian camp or a prehistoric the automobile, self-binder and farm house is certain, as the years tractor. The annual production of go by, to take increasing pride wealth in Nebraska, measured in in that fact and to wish more dollars, has increased during that definite knowledge regarding it. period about 400 fold. The chapter About eighteen years ago of our history which deals with this beginnings were made upon a revolution alone is one whose facts survey of these localities. dare the imagination. The social Previous to that time there had changes growing out of this been scattered observations and production furnish another chapter records going back as far as the of our agricultural history. During time of Lewis and Clark. Since all those years there has been a that time there have been the series of agitations and direct studies of J. V. Brower, organizations of farmers in Nebraska Robert F. Gilder, F. H. Sterns, looking toward economic and E. E. Blackman, S. P. Hughes and political reconstruction. Any others. The location of probably student of Nebraska history two hundred ancient and modern perceives at once that the results aboriginal sites has been of these farmers' movements, wise or determined. Several thousand foolish, good or bad, form the bone, flint and pottery central body of our history and must specimens have been found. be the foundation for most of what Definite information, never shall follow in Nebraska during the before suspected, regarding this next half century. early period of Nebraska history The subject at the annual meeting has been secured. The time is of the Historical Society was here for a broad and thorough "Partners Movements in Nebraska examination of Nebraska, for the 1857-1917." The meeting brought making of an aboriginal map of together upon one platform men whose the state which shall allow all recollections covered the entire the sites discovered, and for period and representatives of the the publication of a report different organizations which have which shall bring together all existed in that time. Some of the that we now know concerning this addresses were of very rare most fascinating and difficult interest, revealing facts never part of Nebraska history. before disclosed to the public. These addresses, together with some scores of letters received, are the core of a forthcoming historical volume upon the subject. It is not too late to receive contributions from others familiar with the inner history of farmers movements in Nebraska. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NEBRASKA STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY so far as relates to Nebraska, may HISTORICAL SKETCH seem too much dignified by their assignment to a place in this list. Upon the 26th day of August. But each one in the list involved 1867, twenty-eight days after the the marching of military across city of Lincoln was located, a plat Nebraska soil and some of them of the proposed capital of Nebraska fierce conflicts within our was filed by Commissioners Butler, boarders. A series of historical Kennard and Gillespie and Surveyors sketches on Nebraska's part in Smith and Harvey. Upon this plat these wars will appear in this block 29, lying it the southwest journal. corner of the State University ------- campus was designated "State Historical and Library Association HISTORICAL SOCIETY BOARD - NEW Block." On this same day articles MEMBERS of incorporation of the State Seventeen members constitute the Historical and Library Association board of the Nebraska State were filed in the office of the Historical Society. Like the county clerk of Lancaster county. British constitution this board is It was the idea of the founders of the growth of years and of the new capital city, as sworn to different ideas. Three distinct by them in court at a later date, groups appear in its composition, to establish an institution, in first, ex officio members holding connection with the State state offices; second, officers of University, for permanent the Society elected annually; preservation of the state's history third, trustees elected for three- throughout all future time. year terms. Three vacancies among On the 15th of February, 1869, these trustees were filled at the the Nebraska legislature approved annual election, January 16. The the report locating Lincoln and retiring members were Bishop Tihen, therewith the plat and donation of who had been transferred to Denver, the block to the State Historical Mr. Gurden W. Wattles of Omaha, Society and Library Association. food administrator of Nebraska, who In the first years which followed asked to be relieved because of his nothing was done by the State heavy duties in that position, and Historical and Library Association. Mr. George .W. Hanson of Fairbury, The struggle for existence absorbed absent in California. For these the energies of the pioneers. On places there were chosen Rev. Feb. 24, 1875. the state Michael A. Shine of Plattsmouth, legislature donated block 29 to the one of the most active and city of Lincoln as a market square, scholarly writers in the field of the original "Market Square " Nebraska history; John F. Cordeal having been given by the city to of McCook, senator in the the United States as a post office legislatures of 1911 and 1913, an site. Later efforts to recover able lawyer and special Historical Block for its original investigator and writer upon the purposes failed in the courts. history of southwestern Nebraska; Robert W. Furnas was the father and N. P. Dodge Jr., of Omaha, of the present State Historical senator in the legislatures of 1913 Society. In a letter dated and 1915, champion of Nebraska's Brownville, Nebraska. August 1, child labor law and other important 1878, addressed to a number of progressive legislation and member leading citizens at that time, he of a family whose name has been asked them to join with him in a associated with the history of call for a meeting to organize a Nebraska and Iowa from the earliest State Historical Society. This days. It is the desire of those meeting was held the evening of directing the work of the Sept. 25, 1878, at the Commercial Historical Society to bring upon Club in Lincoln. Twenty-four its board men and women with a deep persons were present. A personal interest in the history of constitution and by-laws were the state. The three new members adopted. Robert W. Furnas was belong to this Class and each has chosen president and Prof. Samuel contributed toward the making and Aughey was chosen secretary. Since recording of its great events. The that date, with only two officers and board of directors for exceptions, each January has the year 1918 are as follows: witnessed a regular annual meeting Ex Officio of the organization. At the first annual meeting, Keith Neville, governor, January 23, 1879, the offer of the Samuel Avery, chancellor of the State University to house the state university. office and collections of the Clark Perkins, president of the Society free of charge, was Nebraska Press accepted. Since that date the Association. Society has remained upon the Howard W. Caldwell, professor of University campus. In 1893, upon American history, state university. the completion of the University Andrew M. Morrissey, chief library building, the Historical justice of the supreme court. Society moved into the basement Willis E. Reed, attorney-general. rooms set aside by the regents for Elective its use. From 1879 until 1907 the secretaries of the Society were Novia Z. Snell, Lincoln. successively, Professor Samuel William E. Hardy, Lincoln Aughey, Dr. George E. Howard and Rev. Michael A. Shine, Professor Howard W. Caldwell, all Plattsmouth. members of the State University Hamilton B. Lowry, Lincoln. facility. In 1907 Mr. C. S. Paine Nathan P. Dodge, Jr., Omaha. was made secretary: and continued John F. Cordeal, McCook. in office until his death June 14. Officers 1916. Mrs. Minnie P. Knotts was secretary pro tempore until January President, Samuel C. Bassett, 10, 1917, when Addison E. Sheldon Gibbon. was chosen secretary and First vice president, Don L. superintendent. Love, Lincoln. Plans for a historical building Second vice president, Robert began to take definite form about Harvey, St. Paul. 1900. Dr. Charles E. Bessey, acting Secretary, Addison B. Sheldon, chancellor of the University, sent Lincoln. a letter to the annual meeting of Treasurer, Philip L. Hall, the Historical Society in that year Lincoln. suggesting that the Society request ------- the regents to set aside a site for the new building upon the THE NEBRASKA PRESS AND THE University campus. The Society HISTORICAL SOCIETY voted to make the request. Bills In Kansas the State Historical for appropriation of money to erect Society was founded by he State a historical building were Press Association. In Nebraska the introduced at subsequent sessions founding of the Society was of the legislature. In 1907 the initiated by the editor of the board of directors of the Brownville Advertiser and Historical Society placed the conspicuous among its early matter of securing a building in officers are the names of such the hands of Addison E. Sheldon, noted editors as J. Sterling then a member of the Society staff. Morton, of the Nebraska City News. Acting upon plans presented by him, George L. Miller of the Omaha the legislature that year Herald, and Charles H. Gere of the appropriated, $25,000 for the Nebraska State Journal. Editors are basement of a historical building the natural historians of their upon the condition that the city of times. The best general view of any Lincoln would restore the original decade in Nebraska history is found historical block to the Society or by reading the columns of the an equally acceptable site. It was newspapers then published. One of stated to the legislature that a the best services the Historical site adjacent to the University Society can render to the people of campus was desired, and the Nebraska is the careful appropriation was made with that preservation of newspaper files. understanding. In 1908 a half block Upon the exchange list of the was secured at Sixteenth and H Society at present are 553 Nebraska streets. opposite the State newspapers, including nearly all Capitol, and the $25,000 was the dailies and weeklies published expended in the erection of a in the state. In our library are basement with temporary roof on over 10,000 bound volumes of the that site. Since that date no Nebraska press. Among these are further appropriations for a such priceless files as those of historical building have been the Nebraska Palladium, Brownville secured from the legislature. In Advertiser, Nebraska City News, July, 1917, a joint committee was Omaha Arrow, Omaha Nebraskian, appointed from the Historical Omaha Herald, Falls City Broadaxe Society, the state library and the and Dakota City Herald covering the State University to consider the period from 1854 to 1870. For the subject of a library building. This period following 1870 we have such committee made unanimous report in notable files as The Grand Island favor of erecting a historical Independent, Columbus Journal, building at the University campus Wilber Opposition, Milford Blue for the joint use of the Historical Valley Record, Omaha Republican, Society, the University library, Omaha Bee, and others. The the Legislative Reference Library, systematic collection of Nebraska the Library Commission, and such newspapers for the Historical other departments as might be Society was began by Professor agreed to by these. Howard W. Caldwell in 1891. Since The Historical Society was made a that time we have fairly complete state institution and given its files of some hundreds of Nebraska first state appropriation of $1,000 newspapers. The files previous to by act of the legislature, February that time have been gathered by 22, 1883. The legislature of 1917 individual effort and most of them appropriated $22,200 for the work during the past fifteen years. of the Society. It now has six Every year emphasizes the members upon its office staff. In importance of this work. Many of its museum are about 40,000 the most valuable Nebraska historical objects. It receives and newspaper files have been destroyed binds for reference 550 Nebraska by fire. We have continual newspapers and has 10,000 bound inquiries now for copies of legal volumes of newspapers reaching from notices and important public events 1854 to the present time. It has it found in tire Historical Society library of 52,000 books and files and nowhere else. The present pamphlets. The present membership secretary served fourteen years as of the Society is 1,158. compositor, reporter and editor in ------- Nebraska newspaper offices; Mr. NEBRASKA IN WAR TIME. Albert Watkins, historian, was for many years editor of the Mineral The annals of Nebraska since the Point (Wis.) Democrat, the Sioux first white settlement show that City Tribune and later of the Daily her people have had part in the State Democrat of Lincoln. Every following military conflicts: editor in Nebraska is placed upon the exchange list of "Nebraska 1823 - The Arikara Indian war. History." He is asked in exchange 1846-48 - The Mexican war. for the publications of this 1854-55 - The first Sioux war. society to send duplicate copies of 1859 - The Pawnee war. his own paper, one copy for the 1861-65 - The Civil war. permanent bound files of the 1865-68 - The Sioux and Cheyenne Society and the other for war. historical clippings, which will be 1875-79 - The third Sioux war. mounted and arranged under 1890-91 - The final Sioux war. convenient topics. Every editor is 1898 - The Spanish- American war. cordially invited to clip from the 1917 - The World War. Historical Society publications and to make himself a special agent for Some of these, like the Pawnee war his locality in securing for of 1859 or the Mexican war preservation important historical records and relics. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ General John H. Pershing Commander of the American Armies in Europe [Image] General Pershing was commandant with the Japanese army in Manchuria of the cadet battalion at the 1905; commander department of University of Nebraska in the years Mindanao in the Philippines from 1891-95. He graduated from the 1906 to 1913 and of U. S. troops in University of Nebraska, college of Mexico, 1916. General Pershing law, in 1993. A high degree of married the daughter of Senator enthusiasm and efficiency marked Warren of Wyoming, January 26, the military department of the 1905. His wife and three daughters University during the years he was perished in the burning of Presidio at its head. The "Pershing Rifles," barracks, August 27, 1915. His an honorary organization open to sisters, Mrs. David M. Butler and students having the best records in Miss May Pershing. live at 1748 B military training, was instituted street, Lincoln. His only son. in his honor and has continued Warren, seven years old, lives with since he was commandant. General them. Pershing was born in Linn county, Missouri, September 13, 1860, and The name Pershing was originally graduated from West Point in 1886. spelled Pfirsching. The family came His military career includes from Alsace-Lorraine to America service against the Apache Indians about a century ago. General in Arizona, 1886, and in the Sioux Pershing is therefore fighting on War. 1890-1; in the Santiago the borders of his ancestral campaign, Cuba. 1898; in the fatherland for America and the Philippines 1899-1903; as military world in the present war. observer ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ Nebraska History Publications state histories published by In response to many inquiries private enterprise and a much regarding books on Nebraska history larger number of county and the following has been prepared. municipal histories from the same The Nebraska State Historical sources: also some historical Society publications began in 1885. pamphlets of value. Most of these The first series includes five may be found in the Society volumes, closing with the volume library. published in 1893. The second series began in 1894 with a change Publications of the Nebraska State in title and numbering of the Historical Society. volumes. In 1911 the distinction between the first and second series Transactions and Reports of the was abolished, and the volumes are Nebraska State Historical Society now numbered consecutively from the Vol. 1, 1885, 8 vo. clo., 233 pp., first one issued in 1885. The list $1.25; paper in 4 pts., $0.75. of volumes with table of contents Editor Robert W. Furnas. follows. Proceedings of the Society from The Nebraska Legislative January. 1879, to January, 1883; Reference Bureau began a series of list of histories of counties; publications on Nebraska history Historical Recollections in and and politics in 1912. In some of about Otoe County; Historical these publications the Nebraska Letters Front Father De Sm(xx); Academy of Sciences and Nebraska First White Child Born in Nebraska; History Seminar of the State origin of the name Omaha; Some University joined. Nearly all of Historical Data About Washington these publications present some County; Relics in possession of the phase of the history of Nebraska. Society; First Female Suffragist In addition to these publications Movement in Nebraska; Autobiography there have been a number of of Rev. William Hamilton; Indian names and their meaning; History of the (Continued on page 6) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The First War on the Nebraska sible to march at a moment's Frontier warning. . . The actg post Qr. Mr. will immediately engage the Keel Sixteen miles north of Omaha, at Boat and her patron and as many of the present village of Fort Calhoun, the efficient men with her as on the site of the Council Bluff practicable. where Lewis and Clark first held June 19, 1823 council with the Indians in 1804, once stood Fort Atkinson, located in Officers Commanding Companies the year 1819, the first United ordered to be ready to march will States fort in Nebraska. have their Companies completely To this fort in the summer of 1823 equipped and ready for inspection came the news that a party of the at four o'clock this afternoon Arikara had attacked General William when they will be paraded for that H. Ashley's party of trappers, purpose. killing fourteen and wounding nine June 20, 1823 of them. Colonel Leavenworth, in command of the fort, started at once It is indispensably necessary for the Arikara villages where he that every possible exertion arrived August 8. should, be made to keep the men The following story of this war is clean and to preserve their taken from the original records of Soldierly appearance. . . . Fort Atkinson, as kept during the Same date. years 1819-1827, and now in bound volume & in the library of the State The boats going up the river Historical Society. will be designated as No. 1, No. The Indian Attack 2. and No. 3. . . . The companies will take as many of their spades On board the Keel Boat. rocky & axes as are fit for use... Mountains 25 miles below the Rickara towns, June 4th, 1823. H. Leavenworth, Col. Comdg. Dear sir: On the morning of the 2d Inst. I The Battle was attacked by the Rickard indians, which terminated with great loss on The command, comprising about my part - On my arrival there the 31 220 men, arrived before the of May I was met verry friendly by Arikara villages on the 9th of some of the Chiefs, who expressed a August, having made the distance great wish that I would stop and from Council Bluffs. 640 miles, in trade with them - Wishing to forty- eight days. It had been purchase horses to take a party of joined by Major Joshua Pitcher of men to the Yellow Stone river, I the Missouri Fur Company with agreed to Comply with their request forty men, General William H. ... - The next morning, we commenced Ashley's force of about the same trading which continued until the number, and some 500 Sioux, making Evening of the lst Inst when it total force of about eight preparations were made for my hundred men. Opposed to them there departure early the next morning - were about six hundred warriors in My party consisted of 90 men, 40 of the two Arikara villages, and whom were selected to take charge of between three and four thousand the horses and cross the country by individuals all told, - men, women land to the Yellow Stone. They were and children. encamped on the beach within 40 The Sioux Indians were the first yards of the Boats - About 1/2 past to meet the Arikara in combat and 3 aclock in the morning I was although they were reinforced by informed that One of my men had been the whites. little was Killed and in all probability the accomplished that day. The Boats would be immediately attacked following morning the attack was - The men were all under Arms, and opened by Lieutenant Morris with so Continued until sunrise, when the the artillery. His first shot Indians Commenced a heavy and well killed the chief, Gray Eyes. After directed fire from a line extending further shooting the first peace along the Picketing of their Towns, negotiations were entered upon. and some broken ground adjoining The Indians appeared penitent and about 600 yards, in length, their made "fair promises," Colonel shot were principally directed at Leavenworth adds: the men on the beach, who were Considering my small force, the making use of the Horses as a breast strange and unaccountable conduct work - We returned the fire, but of the Sioux, and even the great from the advantageous situation of probability of their joining the the Indians done but little Aricaras against us - And also execution. . . . Two skiffs which considering the importance it of would carry 30 men were taken saving our Country the expense and ashore, but in consequence of a trouble of a long Indian warfare; predetermination on the part of the and the importance of securing men on land not to give way to the thee safety of the Indian trade, I Indians as long as they could thought proper to accept the possibly do otherwise they (with the terms. exception of 7 or 8 would not make Before the Indians could be use of the skiffs when they had an compelled to fulfill the opportunity of doing so; in about conditions, they escaped from fifteen minutes from the time the their villages, and the whites firing commenced, the surviving part embarked for their return Journey of the men were embarked; nearly all at 10 A. M., August 15. Colonel of the horses killed or wounded one Leavenworth reported that, "Before of the Anchors had been weighed the we were out of eight of the towns, Cable of the other Cut and the Boats we had the mortification to droping down the Stream. . . my loss discover them to be on fire. There in Killed and Wounded is as follows: is no doubt that they have been [Here follows a list of twelve dead consumed." The Colonel asserted and eleven wounded.] that they were set on fire, I do not conceive but two of the through jealousy or spite by wounded in danger - How many of the agents of the Missouri Fur Indians were Killed I am at a loss Company. The true reason, to say, I think not more than 7 or 8 probably, was chagrin because four or five were seen to fall on Colonel Leavenworth failed to do the Beach - I have thout proper to the very thing for which the communicate this affair as Early as expedition had been undertaken - an opportunity offered, believing severely punish the Arikara for that you would feel disposed to make their continuous assaults on white those people account to the traders. Government for the Outrage Committed In the operations before the - Should that be the case and a Arikara villages the whites lost force sent for that purpose in a none in killed and but two short time, You will oblige me much slightly wounded. The Sioux lost if you will send me an express at my two killed and seven wounded. expense if one call be procured, Colonel Leavenworth thought the that I may meet and Co- operate with Arikara loss amounted to fifty. you - From the situation of the The cost of the expedition was Indian Towns it will be difficult about $2,000 and the time consumed for a small force to dust (oust) about seventy-five days. The them without a Six pounder the Towns experience of the troops on the are newly picketed in with timber long march and the knowledge it from 6 to 8 inches thick 12 or 16 gave them of the country were feet high, dirt in the inside thrown among its most valuable results. up about 18 inches high. They front Return of Troops to Fort Atkinson the river, and immediately in front of them is a large Sand Bar forming Aug. 29, 1823. nearly two thirds of a Sircle. at the head of which (when the river is The Colo. Comdg. is happy to very low) they have a Breast Work announce to his Command that the made of dry wood; the ground on the objects of the late expedition opposite side of the river is high against the Aricara Indians have and Commanding - They have about Six been effected. The blood of our hundred Warriors, I suppose that 3/4 Countrymen has been honorably of them Armed with London Fuzils, avenged others with Bows and Arrows, War The Colo. Comdg. cannot dismiss Axes &C. this subject without again I expect to hear from Major Henry mentioning his very great (to whom I sent an express) in 12 or satisfaction with the gallant and 15 days during that time I shall honorable conduct of General remain between this place and the Ashley and his Brave and hardy Auricara Towns not remaining any little Corps of mountaineers. length of time in One place, as my Although for several days entirely force is small, not more than 23 destitute of subsistence they effective men. persevered in "noble daring" without a murmur....The Colo. Your friend and Comdg. only regrets that he can Obt servt offer them nothing more W. H. Ashley. substantial than his thanks. Preparations To Move on Arikara H. Indians Leavenworth, Colo. Comdg. Following are parts of four orders issued by Colonel Leavenworth at "Head Quarters 6th Infantry Fort Atkinson" June 18, 1823 Companies A, B, D, E, F, & G will be prepared as soon as pos- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A Hero of the Nebraska Frontier straight as a gun barrel from the gramma grass roots to the gravel [Image] underflow. Some of us who watched him work called him "The Human "Dutch Joe" we called him. We were Badger." I have never seen a man the homesteaders upon the high who could strike his spade into tables and in the rich black valleys the top soil and sink out of sight of the sandhills west of Valentine in such an astonishing short space in the eighties. We were upon the of time. In a single day he was skirmish line of the American known to dig a well sixty-five advance. We were fighting to prove feet deep. What a treasure he that American homes could be made in would have been upon the Flanders the heart of the sandhills, - the front today! last remnant of the "Great American The Sioux Indian war of 1890 Desert" making its last stand upon came, the terrible day at Wounded the Hindenburg line of resistance to Knee on December 29. Many of the the American spirit. The fight was settlers were scared and ready to fierce for the skirmishers. We leave their hard earned plunged into the deep canons of the homesteads. Joe Grewe persuaded Niobrara and tore from their rugged his neighbors to let him go to the entrenchments thousand year-old seat of war and investigate. When cedar trees, "snaked" them down the he returned he was able to canon, split them into posts, hauled persuade them that the danger was them forty miles to Valentine and by, and the settlers stayed by traded them at six cents apiece for their homes. It is now one of the flour and bacon. We followed the most prosperous settlements in the trail of deer and elks for a week to sandhill region. bring home a bit of fresh venison. One day in 1894 Joe was called Pitch pine logs were our fuel. Water upon to go down to the bottom of was our first necessity and our the first well he had dug in the greatest difficulty. From the rich, settlement and clear out some smooth gramma grass table-lands obstruction. From the bottom of where most of us had built our the well he gave the signal to cabins and staked our hopes for a hoist a bucket full of loose rock. free American home, we could look When the bucket had almost reached miles away down the pine clad canons the top it slipped from the steel of the Niobrara. At the bottom of catch which held it to the rope the canons ran splendid, gurgling and falling swiftly 200 feet brooks of clear, cold water. Lazy crushed the head of the German settlers homesteaded there and built hero of the sandhill settlement. their cabins at the waters' edge, The steel catch was an original where there was no plow land. The invention of Mr. Grewe made by high table homesteaders hauled their himself and designed to save time water in barrels, sometimes a by quickly detaching the bucket distance of seven miles, while they from the rope for unloading. Many broke out their first fields and years' service had worn the steel laid the foundations for a real farm catch, unnoticed, until it was home. ready for this last act in a The first experiments at digging frontier tragedy. The family of wells on the high table were Joseph Grewe still live in the failures. Some dry holes were sunk sandhills region. His children two hundred feet and abandoned. It have grown into lives of was then that Dutch Joe appeared on usefulness, some of them teaching the horizon. His real name was school. Men who risk their lives Joseph Grewe. He was born in on fields of battle are justly Westphalia, Germany, in 1854 , held as heroes. Those who risk and served two years in the German army lose them in the cause of making at Cologne and came to Nebraska. in human homes in what was once a 1879. He was married in Cuming desert are also heroes. Among county in 1881 and homesteaded in these I write the name of Joseph Cherry county in June, 1884. He was Grewe. Let no one who has never a sturdy fellow of medium height, dug in the darkness and danger of with a pleasant smile, firmly set, a deep well dare dispute it. - determined lips, and extraordinary A. E. S. muscular development. He undertook ------- to prove that water could be obtained upon the high tables and Nebraska History Plays in Nebraska dug his first wells down through the By Frank A. Harrison hard, dry Niobrara chalk took over two hundred feet to the abundant Students of the early history of underflow of pure, cold water Nebraska must often have noticed beneath. that among the younger, people and What a celebration was held when especially among high school the first Dutch Joe well reached pupils, the subject is regarded water upon the "German Table." It with indifference. They are much was for us an epoch making date, more familiar with the story of like that of the Declaration of the Greek who ran twenty-four Independence. It was a measuring rod miles to carry the news of a by which each settler could victory than they are with that of calculate the probable cost of the early settlers who raced to securing water upon his own the west to save Nebraska and homestead. After that Dutch Joe was Kansas to the cause of freedom. in constant demand. Other settlers I had a theory that interest in would break out prairie for him, do early Nebraska history might be his farm work and haul him cedar awakened by inducing school posts while he dug their wells. In children to play some of the more the next seven years he dug over dramatic incidents, along the 6,000 feet of wells in the lines of the first history play settlement, ranging from 100 to 260 given by university students on feet in depth. There was no well the campus. Last year I put the digging machinery in the region at theory to a test with gratifying that time, and the settlers were too results. poor to import any. Dutch Joe's The first experiment was in wells were large, round cylinders, Garfield county. Though the settlement there dates back only to 1871, it was full of action. The first men in the valley had to defend their homes against hostile Indians. There were two or three skirmishes near where Burwell is now situated. The valley was made safe to settlement only by establishing a fort with a company of regulars between Burwell and Ord. Of all this the younger generation of Burwell know little and cared less. Their attitude was just typical. In April, 1916, I visited the high school and grades, talked to them about the early settlements and proposed that one of the Indian battles be carefully acted out on the actual battle-ground. They received the idea with enthusiasm, and committees were at once appointed to visit the spot, work out the details, and provide the costumes and other "property." Two weeks later when I came back through Burwell there was intense interest, if not excitement, over the Indian battle. This had spread all over the country. The older settlers had gathered and discussed the event. They had cudgelled their memories for facts. They had decided who were the oldest in the valley, which log cabins were the earliest, and had raked up enough romance to furnish material for half a dozen plays. All this the younger generation had ab- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days ------------------------------------------------------------------------ sorbed. It was a new theme, Vol. II, 1887. 8 vo. clo., 383 surpassing in importance the story pp., $1.25; paper in 4 pts., $0.75. of Hannibal crossing the Alps. Editor George E. Howard. The necessary twenty-five Indians had not only found The Relation of History to the costumes, but about forty girls Study and Practice of Law; Sketches had decked themselves out as from Territorial History - in the Indian maidens and demanded a part Beginning, Wildcat Banks, Sectional in the play. This led to a new Politics, Politics Proper, Pioneer difficulty which was solved by Journalism; The Capital Question in establishing an Indian village Nebraska; How the Kansas-Nebraska near the Loup river, just north of Line was Established; Slavery in town. Wigwams were hastily erected Nebraska; John Brown in Richardson and all phases at village life County; A Visit to Nebraska in were shown, including one courting 1662; Forty Years Among the Indians scene where a lone buck had and on the Eastern Borders of slipped back from the war party to Nebraska; Notes on the Early talk with his "Night Bird." The Military History of Nebraska; climax of the village scene came History of the Powder River when a courier on a pony dashed Expedition of 1865; histories of into the village bringing news of Cass, Dodge, Washington and Sarpy the fight with the whites. counties; Sketch of the First This village scene was Congregational church in Fremont, photographed by a motion picture Nebraska; Early Fremont; Historical camera, and by fully a dozen and Political Science Association kodaks. About seven hundred of the University of Nebraska; The spectators watched the Discovery of Gold in Colorado; On performance, many at them coming the Establishment of an Arboreal from an adjoining county. Bureau; Twenty-seven pages of The next day the battle scene biographies; Annual meetings of the was enacted seven miles up the Society, 1885, 1886. valley from Burwell. So keen was the interest that many young folks Vol. III, 1892. 8 vo. clo., 342 walked the whole distance from pp., very rare, $3.00. Editor, town to see it. Fully five hundred Howard W. Caldwell. people were on the ground, some coming a distance of thirty miles. American State Legislatures; There were fourteen automobile Political Science in American State loads from Ord, which is over Universities; History and Art; twenty miles away. Salem Witchcraft; History of The play was put on in a very Education in Omaha; The Christening creditable manner allowing the of the Platte; Development at the settler-soldiers in their search Free Soil Idea in the United for the hostiles, the council of States; The Beginning of the City war, the ambush arranged by the at Lincoln and of Lancaster County; Indians, the surprise attack, and Early Times and Pioneers; The Fort the running fight in which footmen Pierre Expedition; The Military and horsemen mingled. Toward Camp on the Big Sioux River in evening the spectators were back 1855; Reminiscences of a Teacher at Burwell and went out to one of Among the Nebraska Indians, the early log cabins where the 1843-85; The Sioux Indian War of arrival of settlers fresh from the 1890-91; Early Settlers en route; battlefield was staged. An Introduction to the History of This little spectacle, with the Higher Education in Nebraska and a newspaper comment it caused, brief Account of the University of brought about a general discussion Nebraska; Associational Sermon; of the early history of the Loup Congregational College History in valley extending into several Nebraska; Thirty-three Years Ago; counties, which in turn brought to The Pawnee Indian War, 1859; Early light many things of genuine Days In Nebraska; Reminiscences of historic value. Early Days in Nebraska; A few weeks later a similar Miscellaneous correspondence; experiment was tried in a small official proceedings of the way at Bellevue. At the oldest log Society. cabin of the town the small children staged a frontier scene. Vol. IV, 1892. 8 vo. clo., 336 The first settler was shown at the pp., $3.00. Editor, Howard W. door. His wife was busy with her Caldwell. housework. Three or four Indians were lounging about. Then followed From Nebraska City to Salt Creek the arrival of a party of in 1855; Old Fort Atkinson: The easterners from the river landing, Indian Troubles and the Battle of their greeting at the cabin, their Wounded Knee; Biographies; curiosity about the savages, and Reminiscences of Early Days in finally their survey of the rich Nebraska; history of the Fontenelle Nebraska land under the guidance family of St. Louis; Old Fort of the pioneer. This little play Calhoun; Arbor Day; What Causes stirred again local interest in Indian Mounds; The First Postmaster the romantic early history at old of Omaha; Supreme Judges of Bellevue. Nebraska; Omaha Public Library; A year later I tried the Judge Lynch's Court in Nebraska; history-play on a western Stormy Times in Nebraska; County community. About fifteen miles Names; Lieut. Samuel A. Cherry; southeast of North Platte is a Origin of the name Omaha; Omaha's wonderful locality called Moran Early Days; Early Days in Nebraska; Canyon and the Jackmore Flats. In Personal Sketch of Rev. Moses scenic beauty it holds a high Merrill; Extracts from the diary of place. In early days it was the Rev. Moses Merrill, Missionary to haunt of Indians, the hiding the Otoe Indians, from 1832-1840; ground of outlaws, the camping Some Incidents in Our Early School place of emigrants, and at one Days in Illinois; Papers Read on time Buffalo Bill made his the Laying of the Corner Stone of headquarters there. the Lancaster County Courthouse; With a camping party I spent Hardy Pioneers of Dixon County; several days in the canyon. It is Nebraska's First Newspaper; one of the greatest freaks of Biographies, pp. 215-271; History nature in the state - a series of of Butler County; Tribute to the gashes cutting deep into the Mothers and Wives of the Pioneers; hills; just the shape of a giant Annual meeting at the Society 1891; hand with the fingers distended. constitution and by-laws of the The walls of the canyons rise a Society. hundred feet or more, and fringes of cedars add to their beauty. The Vol. V, 1893. 8 vo. clo., 296 bottoms are little grassy valleys. pp., very rare, $5.00. Editor, The school people of North Howard W. Caldwell. Platte and the farmers in the Jackmore neighborhood were invited Records and Their Conservation: to come and take part in the play, The Lincoln Public Library; The which was arranged to allow the Arikara Conquest of 1823; Some progress of civilization from the Frenchman of Early Days on the primitive solitude down through a Missouri River; Reminiscences of series of scenes or tableaus - the Early Days in Nebraska; Admission Indian wigwam, the arrival of the of Nebraska as a State; Nebraska first plainsman, the coming of the Silver Anniversary; Early Life In soldiers, in regular order, the Nebraska; The Political and wagon trains, the government Constitutional Development of surveyors, the first farmers and Nebraska; A Brief History of the stock raisers, the modern farmers Settlement of Kearney County and and fine stock men, and finally Southwestern Nebraska; Annual the procession of automobiles meeting 1892; treasurer's report loaded with pleasure seekers. 1893; List of Members. The result was beyond all expectation. Many attended who had Proceedings and Collections of never seen the canyons before. the Nebraska State Historical Farmers turned out with their Society. families. They assisted in every way in arranging the details, Second series, vol. I, 1894-95. 8 providing the covered wagons and vo. clo., 264 pp., $1.25. Editor, the live stock. It was a day that Howard W. Caldwell. will long be talked about in that part of Lincoln county, and with Part of the Making of a State; that talk comes the raking up of The Life of Governor Burt; all the early history of that Reminiscences of Early Days; section of the Oregon Trail. Freighting in 1866; Early Nebraska These experiments were conducted Currency and Per Capita without expense to anyone, and Circulation; Municipal Government could be followed up in many parts in Nebraska; The Soldiers Free of the state. The stories of the Homestead Colony; The effect of early settlements are full of Early Legislation Upon the Courts romance, and a blistery play can of Nebraska; notes on the Society; be arranged in any community with Wanigl Olowan Kin; Reminiscences of the enthusiastic co-operation at the Third Judicial District; young and old. It is a field in Freighting Across the Plains in which the State Historical Society 1856; Necrology and notes on the and the public schools can work Society; Some Financial Fallacies together with great profit to among the Pioneers of Nebraska; both. Proceedings of the Society, 1893-1895; list of members; ------- constitution and by-laws; appropriations, 1883-1895; list of NEBRASKA HISTORY PUBLICATIONS. donations. Continued from Page Three Second series, vol. II, 1898. 8 Indians: Anecdotes of White Cow; vo. clo.. 307 pp., $1.25. Editor fifty-six pages of biography; Howard W. Caldwell. Death of Governor Francis Burt; Annual Address of President Robt. The Poncas; A Brief Sketch of the W. Furnas, 1880; the Philosophy of Life of Captain P. S. Real; Emigration; Admission of Nebraska Into the Union; Gold at Pikes Peak - Rush for; The Discovery of Nebraska; The Place of History in Modern Education; The Organic Act of the Society; constitution, by-laws and roster of the Society. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bellevue, its Post and Present; Kearney, Franklin, Harlan and Edward Morin; Travelers in Phelps; Annual Address of John Lee Nebraska in 1866; The Cost of Webster, President, 1913; Adventures Local Government - Then and Now; of the Plains, 1865-67; An Indian Underground Railroad in Nebraska; Raid of 1867; How Shall the Indian Biographical Sketch of Major W. W. Be treated Historically; Importance Dennison; President's of the Study of Local History; Communication; The First History; the Pathfinders, the Territorial Legislature of Historic Background of Western Nebraska, sundry reminiscences, Civilization; An interesting pp. 88-161; Nebraska Women in Historical Document; Memorabilia - 1855; The True Story of the Death Gen. G. M. Dodge; A Study of the of Sitting Bull; annual meetings, Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians; 1896, 1897; Papers and Proceedings Some Native Nebraska Plants With of the Nebraska Academy of Their Uses by the Dakota. Sciences. Publications of the Nebraska State Second series, vol. III, 1898 - Historical Society. The Provisional Government of Nebraska Territory and The Vol. XVIII, 1917, 8 vo. clo., 443 Journals of William Walker pp., $2.00. Editor, Albert Walkins. Provisional Governor of Nebraska Territory, 8 vo. clo., 423 pp., In Memoriam - Clarence Sumner $3.00. Editor, William E. Paine; Proceedings or the Society, Connelley. 1908-1916; Biography - James B. Kitchen, Jefferson H. Broady, The Wyandots; The Walker Family; Lorenzo Crounse; Historical Papers; The Provisional Government of Acknowledging God in Constitutions, Nebraska Territory; Documents Nebraska Reminiscences, The Rural Relating to the Provisional Carrier of 1849, Eastern Nebraska as Government of Nebraska Territory; an Archeological Field, Trailing A Brief Sketch of Abelard Guthrie; Texas Long-horn Cattle Through The Journals of William Walker, Nebraska; Special Historical Papers First Book; The Journals of -Neapolis, Near-Capital, Controversy William Walker, Second Book. in the Senate Over the Admission of Nebraska, How Nebraska Was Brought Second series, vol. IV: Forty Into the Union. Years or Nebraska at Home and in Congress. 8 vo. clo., 570 pp., Pamphlets. $2.00. By Ex U. S. Senator Thomas W. Tipton. Editor, Howard W. Outline of Nebraska History, 1910, Caldwell. 8 vo. paper, 45 pp. Editor Albert Watkins. The Territorial Governors; The Territorial Delegates; The State This publication of the Society Governors; Stain Senators; comprises a comprehensive Representatives. bibliography of Nebraska history and a "Summary of Nebraska History" Second series, vol. V, 1902. 8 condensed within 22 pages. Its price vo. clo., 381 pp., $1.50. Editor, is fifty cents, but it may be Howard W. Caldwell. procured free of charge by the Society's sustaining members and Territorial Journalism; public libraries of the state. Newspapers and Newspaper Men of the Territorial Period; Pioneer NEBRASKA LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE Journalism; Communication of BUREAU BULLETINS Hadley D. Johnson: Joseph L. Sharp; A. J. Hanscom: No. 1. Origin and Purpose of Reminiscences of Territorial Days; Nebraska Legislative My First Trip to Omaha; Judge Reference Bureau. Addison L. Elmer S. Dundy; The Nebraska Sheldon. July 20, 1912. Constitution; History of the 6 pp. Incarceration of the Lincoln City No. 2. Preliminary Report Nebraska Council; A Nebraska Episode of the Employers' Liability and Workmen's Wyoming Cattle War; Recollections Compensation Commission. Dec. 20, of Omaha; Death of Logan 1912. 48 pp. 10c Fontenelle; Reminiscences of the No. 3. Legislative Procedure in the Crusade in Nebraska; Along the Forty-eight States. Addison E. Overland Trail in Nebraska in Sheldon and Myrtle Keegan. Jan. 1, 1852; Thomas Weston Tipton: 1914. Algernon Sidney Paddock; The 28 pp. (out of print.) Farmers Alliance in Nebraska; No. 4. Reform in Legislative Reminiscences; History of file Procedure and Budget in Nebraska. First State Capitol: Early History (Report of joint legislative of Jefferson County Overland committee to Nebraska legislature Route; The Indian Massacre of of 1915.) May 15, 1914. 47 pp. 1866; Bull Whacking Days; The (Out of print.) Pawnee War of 1859; Early Days in No. 5. Nebraska Municipalities. the Indian Country; Freighting to Addison E. Sheldon and William E. Denver; Freighting and Staging in Hannan. June 1, 1914. 74 pp. 15c. Early Days; Freighting in the No. 6. Bank Deposit Guaranty fit '60's; The Plains War in 1865; Nebraska. Z. Clark Dickinson. Nov. Overland Freighting from Nebraska 1, 1914. 38 pp. 26 portraits. 15c. City; From Meridian to Fort No. 7. The Direct Primary in Kearney; Freighting Reminiscences; Nebraska. Niels Henriksen Debel. Mary Elizabeth Furnas; Freighting Nov. 1, 1914. 112 pp. 25 portraits. - Denver and Black Hills; Early 3 diagrams. 20c. Freighting and Claims Club Days In No. 8. Local and Nebraska History in Nebraska; The Building of the Nebraska Public Schools. C. N. First Capitol and Insane Hospital Anderson. Oct. 1, 1915. 16 pp. 2 at Lincoln - Removal of Archives; portraits. 10c. Underground Railroad in Nebraska; No. 9. State Supported Library Minutes Annual Meetings, Activities in the United States. 1898-1900; Minutes Executive Board Edna D. Bullock. Oct. 30, 1915. 58 Meetings; List of Members. pp. 4 illustrations. 15c. No. 10. The Torrens Land Transfer Nebraska Constitutional Act of Nebraska. Thorne A. Browne. Conventions. Volume XI of June 10, 1916. 60 pp. 6 publications, three volumes, VI, illustrations. 15c. VII, VII. second series; volumes No. 11. Legislative Procedure. VI and VII, Official Report of the Myrtle Keegan Mason (Revision of Debates and Proceedings of the bulletin No. 3. In manuscript. Will Constitutional Convention of 1871. be published about June 1, 1918.) Editor, Addison E. Sheldon; volume VII, report of the debates of the. Report on the Archives of the State convention of 1871 concluded; The of Nebraska. Addison Journals of the Convention of E. Sheldon, 1912. Reprinted from 1875; A History of the Attempt to the annual report of the American Form a State Organization in 1860, Historical Association for 1910, of the Abortive Constitutional pages Convention of 1864, of the 365-420. 15c. Formation and Adoption of the Constitution of 1866, and of the The Legislative Reference Bureau as Origin of the Conventions of 1871 a Factor in State Development. and 1875. Editor, Albert Watkins. Address by Addison E. Sheldon before Volume VI, 1906, 552 pp.; VII, National Association of 1907, 628; VIII, 1913, 676; 8 vo. Conservation Commissioners at clo., per, volume, $1.50. Washington, D. C. Nov. 17, 1913. 7 pp. (Out of print.) (Second series, vol. IX, designed to be volume IV of the Subject Index of Senate and House Constitutional Conventions, was Bills, 34th session Nebraska combined with volume VIII.) Legislature, 1915. Edna D. Bullock. March 1, 1915. 126 pp. 15c. Second series, vol. X, 1907. 8 vo. clo., 422 pp., $1.50. Editor, Subject Index of Senate and House C. S. Paine. Bills. 35th session Nebraska legislature, 1917. Edna D. Bullock. The Mormon Settlements in the March 1, 1917. 120 pp. 15c. Missouri Valley; The Great Railroad Migration into Northern Standardization and Revision of Nebraska; Nebraska Politics and Bills for the Nebraska Nebraska Railroads; Territorial Legislature, with statistical Pioneer Days; Campaigning Against table showing progress in other Crazy Horse; Personal states toward standard bill forms Recollections of Early Days in and revision. Dec. 28, 1915. 11 Decatur, Nebraska; History of the pp. (Mimeographed.) 10c. Lincoln Salt Basin; Early Days at the Salt Basin; Judicial Grafts; BOOKS. My Very First Visit to the Pawnee Village in 1855; Early Days on the Semicentennial History of Nebraska. Little Blue; Early Annals of Addison P. Sheldon. 1904, 376 pp.; Nebraska City; Biographies: illustrations, 194; portraits, 934. Railroad Taxation in Nebraska: The (Out of print.) Work of the Union Pacific in Nebraska; Early Dreams of Coal in Poems and Sketches of Nebraska. Nebraska; Unveiling of the Thayer Addison E. Sheldon. 1906. 200 pp. Monument, Waco Cemetery; 64 illustrations. $1.00. Proceedings of the Nebraska State Historical Society - annual History and Stories of Nebraska. meetings of 1901 to 1908, Addison E. Sheldon. 1913. 306 pp. inclusive; Museum catalog; 160 illustrations and maps. $1.00. Newspapers received by the Society, January 1, 1908; Nebraska Blue Book and Historical legislative acts affecting the Register, 1915. Addison E. Sheldon Society; constitution and by-laws; and Reference Bureau staff. Jan. 1, publications of the Society. 1915. 981 pp. Illustrated: Legislative portraits, 135; Collections of the Nebraska diagrams, maps, etc. (Out of State Historical Society. print.) Vol. XVI, 1911, 8 vo. clo., 296 pp., $2.00. Editor, Records of Fort Atkinson. The first Albert Watkins. fort and first settlement in the Nebraska region. Dedication of the Astorian From the manuscript record of the Monument at Bellevue; Early Days Sixth Infantry and Rifle regiment, in and About Bellevue; U. S. A., for the years 1817-1833, Kansas-Nebraska Boundary Line; with 112 illustrations. 6 volumes Nebraska and Minnesota Territorial quarto. Addison E. Sheldon, editor. Boundary; Territorial Evolution of May 1, 1916. (Typewritten.) Nebraska; Reminiscences of the Indian Fight at Ash Hollow, 1855; NEBRASKA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES The Battle Ground of Ash Hollow; BULLETINS. The Last Battle of the Pawnee with the Sioux; The Indian Ghost Dance; Vol. VIII. No. 4. Museums and the Some Side Lights on the Character People. Erwin H. Barbour. 12 pp. 5 of Sitting Bull; The Early Illustrations. 10c. Settlements of the Platte Valley; Vol. IX. No. 1. The Nebraska The First Catholic Bishop in Aborigines as they Nebraska; Birth of Lincoln, Appeared in the Eighteenth Nebraska; English Settlement in Century. Michael A. Shine. 23 pp. Palmyra; History of Fort Kearney; 12 illustrations. 15c. No. 3. Missionary Life Among the Pawnee. Folk-Song of Nebraska and the Central West. Louise Pound. 89 pp. 4 Vol. XVII, 1913, 8vo. clo., 382 illustrations. 20c. lip., $2.00. Editor, Albert Watkins. The Work of the Historical Society; Historical Sketch of Southwestern Nebraska; Nebraska, Mother of States; Nebraska Territorial Acquisition, Addresses by James Mooney - Life Among the Indian Tribes of the Plains - The Indian Woman - Systematic Nebraska Ethnologic Investigation; A Tragedy of the Oregon Trail; The Oregon Recruit Expedition; Influence of Overland Travel on the Early Settlement of Nebraska; Incidents of the Early Settlement of Nuckolls County; First Steamboat Trial Trip up the Missouri; Origin of Olatha, Nebraska; The Semiprecious Stones of Webster, Nuckolls and Franklin Counties, Nebraska; Historical Sketch of Cheyenne County, Nebraska; Organization of the Counties of ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days ------------------------------------------------------------------------ THE SOURCES OF NEBRASKA PEOPLE --------------- No part of Nebraska history is block of native born of native more vital than that which tells parents will be merged the great the origins of her people. The mass of our people in the next great nations of the world have fifty years. The lively imagination been composite unions of many of the Irish, the sturdy strength strains of blood, temper and of the English, the canny talent. Nebraska is such a shrewdness of the Scotch, the commonwealth. All the great nations mystic ardor of the Welsh, the have given her their sons and tireless industry of the German, daughters. The perfect union of all the fervid energy of the Slav, the these elements is still in process. open-minded eagerness of the But no student of history can doubt Scandinavian, with seasoning of that upon these high and fertile French wit, Greek and Italian plains, in the dry air of cloudless artistic mobility and even a dash days, the elements of a future of the North American Indian's splendid race of men and women are stoic serenity. This is the being braided together. Nebraska people of the future. The diagram below was prepared by Summary of native and foreign Myrtle Keegan Mason, of the stocks in Nebraska population: Nebraska Legislative Reference Native white, native parents, in Bureau. It is a picture of Nebraska, 642,075, 53.8 per cent Nebraska's present population of total population. elements derived from the figures Foreign. born, native born of of the U. S. Census of 1910. It in foreign parents and native born of drawn exactly to scale and shows at mixed parentage, 639,015, 45.2 per a glance the relative strength of cent of population. each element in our population. Indian, Asiatic, African, 11,124, Very important is the column 1.0 per cent of population. showing the persons with one parent of foreign birth - for these are the children of marriages between the newcomers to America and the native born. Into the solid Foreign stock in Nebraska (includes foreign Percentage Percentage born, native born of foreign Total of of foreign parents, native foreign Population born of mixed marriage) Population Germany 201, 713 37.5 16.9 Great Britain and Canada, (except French Canadians) 101,596 18.9 8.5 Scandinavia 98,745 18.3 8.2 Austria and Hungary (chiefly Bohemians) 64, 962 12.1 5.4 Russia (chiefly Germans, coming from German 24, 885 4.6 2.1 colonies in Russia) Switzerland (speaking French, German and Italian) 6,307 1.2 .5 French (including Canadian France) 5,178 .9 .4 Italy 4,840 .9 .4 Greece 3,514 .7 .3 [Image] Producers's Notes: page 3: General John Pershing's middle initial was "J", and that was corrected by hand over the initial appearing in the title. page 8. The far right narrow column of the last table reads "Negro, Indian, Japanese, Chinese, etc." ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Produced for NEGenWeb, 1998, by Ted & Carole Miller