NEBRASKA HISTORY AND RECORD OF PIONEER DAYS VOL III, NO. 2, APR-JUN 1920 Transcribed from a copy of the original publication by the submitters. Submitted to the USGenWeb Nebraska Archives, January, 1998, by Ted and Carole Miller (susieque@pacbell.net). USGenWeb Project NOTICE: In keeping with our policy of providing free information on the internet, data may be used by non-commercial researchers, as long as this message remains on all copied material. These electronic pages may not be reproduced in any format for profit, nor for presentation in any form by any other organization or individual. Persons or organizations desiring to use this material for purposes other than as stated above, must obtain express written permission from the author, or the submitter and from the listed USGenWeb Project archivist. *************** NEBRASKA HISTORY AND RECORD OF PIONEER DAYS Vol. III, no. 2, 1920 (Original had no Table of Contents) Pawnee, Grinnell Writes about the 1-2 Reminiscences by Luther North (regarding Pawnee Indians) 2 Founder of Fort Atkinson (1919 address by Col. B. W. Atkinson) 2-3 Land Where the Jonathans Grow (Weaver Orchards, Falls City, NE) 3 Poem by Addison E. Sheldon 3 Death of H. M. Bushnell (newspaper editor in Cass & Lancaster Co.s) 3 Flags of the States (listing of states with flags, year adopted & description) 4 William Hartford James dies - Dakota Co., once acting Governor of NE (died in WA) 4 Charles Frederick Gunther dies - of Chicago, IL; honorary member of NSHS 4 Passing of Nebraska Pioneers 4 NEWELL, Mrs. J. W. - Washington Co. YAGER, Francis Henry - Otoe Co. SHANNON, Mrs. Mary S. - Pawnee Co. MALY, Frank - Knox Co. REEVES, Mrs. Eliza - Otoe & Box Butte Co.s VOLKHARDY, John - Nemaha Co. SIDES, Mrs. Matilda - Dakota Co. BARNES, Mrs. Marian Dripps - Sarpy & Gage Co.s SCHMUECKER, Matthlan - Cuming Co. LaGOURGE, Mrs. Elizabeth - Gage Co. DUNDAS, John Henry - Nemaha Co. WOHLENBERG, Frederick - Lancaster Co. SACKLEY, Robert S. - Otoe Co. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NEBRASKA HISTORY York 1889 - I tell something about AND RECORD OF PIONEER DAYS the way in which the Skidi tribe ------------------------------------came to be taken into the then Published Monthly by the Nebraska large village, situated at one time State Historical Society on the Platte near Fremont, and ------------------------------------later, up to the year 1874, on the Editor, ADDISON E. SHELDON Loup River in Nebraska about where Associate Editors the town of Genoa now stands. A The Staffs of the Nebraska State long time ago I received some Historical Society and details of the fighting described Legislative Reference Bureau on pages 233 and 234 of the Pawnee ------------------------------------book; details which have never been Subscription $2.00 Per Year published and which possess for me ------------------------------------a certain interest in connection q All sustaining members of the with rather ancient Pani history. Nebraska State Historical The account was given about 1876 to Society receive Nebraska Major Frank North and his brother History without further payment. by a very old Chaui Indian. The q Entered as second class mail book says "There was a sharp matter, under act of July 16, rivalry between the Chaui and the 1894, at Lincoln, Nebraska, April Skidi and their disputes finally 2, 1918. culminated in all unprovoked attack ------------------------------------by the Skidi on some Pani while VOLUME they were hunting buffalo." III. APRIL-JUNE, 1920 NUMBER 2 The Pani who were attacked were, ------------------------------------as the book suggests, Chaui, and it is said that perhaps two hundred [Image] were killed - all men for it was a hunting party from the Chaui (handwritten - "See C 1635") village which was then on the south side of the Platte River just below GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL the Lone Tree, or where Central City, Nebraska, now is. The Chaui, GRINNELL WRITES ABOUT THE PAWNEE who escaped, returned to their village. This was probably in the George Bird Grinnell long ago winter: established a reputation as an It is supposed that at this time authoritative historian of the the Chani and the Skidi were about Pawnee, the most important tribe of equal in numbers, and the Chaui did Indians of whom Nebraska was the not feel strong enough alone to principal habitat. On the second of attack the Skidi. The Kitkehahki March, 1920. Mr. Grinnell sent the were then living on the Republican secretary of the Historical Society River, and the Pitahauerat on the the following story of an Smoky Hill River. The Skidi village interesting incident in the life of was on the Loup River, about where this once powerful tribe of the Fullerton, Nebraska, now is. Nebraska plains. The Chaui sent the pipe to the In my book - Pawnee Hero Stories two other villages, told them what and Folk Tales - New had happened, and asked their assistance. Councils were held about the matter, and the two tribes determined to help the Chaui. The two villages were moved up to the Platte River and camped with the Chaui. and the warriors at all three villages made preparations to attack the Skidi. The men crossed the Platte River in bull boats, made of green buffalo hides in the usual way - a detail which shows that the time must have been early summer when the Platte River was full from the melting snows of the mountains, and so not fordable. The allies made a night march, as already stated, and sent out warriors to represent buffaloes to induce the Skidi to come out of their village. The supposed buffaloes filed down toward the river, over the sand-hills at a point below the old village where the Skidi then lived, but on the other - south - side of the river. Other Pani warriors hid themselves along the river, a part in the timber of the river bottom, and a part behind the ridge of sand-hills back from the river. All these were above -further up the river than - the supposed buffaloes, so that when riding down to cut off the buffaloes, the Skidi must pass between the two lines of Pani warriors. The Skidi naturally crossed the Loup River opposite their own village to ride down the river to catch the buffaloes as they were running back from the river to the sand-hills. As soon its they had crossed, they galloped down the river oil the south side toward the place where the buffaloes had entered the timber to drink. The Pant waited and as soon as the Skidi hail fairly come within their lines, the Pant charged on them train in front, behind, and oil both sides, and attacked them with fury. The Skidi, surrounded and outnumbered, at once attempted to return, and broke through file lines wherever they could, trying to get back to their village; but the Pant followed and killed them all. the way up the valley. The old Chaui who told the story said that more than twice as many Skidi were killed as had been killed of the Chaui. The Skidi crossed the river to their village and all the men who had not gone out to chase the buffaloes came out of the village and joined the buffalo hunters, and prepared to make a stand on the south side of the village. The Pani stopped on the south side of the river and gathered there. The Chaui and the Pitahauerat wished to cross over and exterminate the Skidi, but the Kitkehaki said "No. They are the same people as ourselves, they speak a language nearly like ours; and they must not be destroyed." The dispute about this among the Pani tribes was sharp and angry, but the Kitkehaki were firm and finally said, "Let us take them over to the Platte and from now on make them live with as." To this the Pani finally agreed. They made signs to the Skidi that they did not want to fight any more they wished to talk. They crossed the river, told the Skidi what they had decided on, and the latter agreed to it. The Pani took much of the property of the Skidi, many horses. They also made many of the Skidi women marry into the other bands, so as to establish close relations with these bands. The old Chaui who gave this *account said that his father was a small boy when these events took place. This would throw them back into the eighteenth century. Many years ago, ancient Skidi and Chaui told me that they remembered fights between the Skidi and the other bands, but these memories refer to much later quarrels ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days ------------------------------------------------------------------------ between the bands, in which Gad Humphreys was in command of the disputes, however, there was no regiment and Gen. Atkinson, who at loss of life. that time was the Commander of the The western states are now 9th Military District, accompanied collecting and putting on record a the Expedition in command. In a wonderful lot of historical matter, personal letter Gen. Atkinson and the men who have the states,"We were greatly retarded by opportunity to do this are to be the steamboats, which formed the congratulated on having such an part of our transportation, not interesting work to perform. being able to navigate in the I am glad to become a member of Missouri with any facility. There the State Historical Society for I were three, neither of which have been a traveller in Nebraska reached any given point. One for fifty years and in close touch ascended only 150 miles, another with a number of its citizens for 350 miles, and the third 450 miles. all that time. I am enclosing in The cargoes of all having this a check for six dollars to pay afterwards to be carried up in keel for the two volumes that you sent boats. The difficulties, of course, me, and also for membership in the kept back the progress of troops as State Historical Society for the it would not have done to have coming year. I hope that this is proceeded and left our supplies right; if not, you will, I am sure, unprotected, and besides it was let me know so that I can adjust necesary [sic] to have them to things. subsist on. Notwithstanding all the Thank you for your pleasant embarrassment we reached Council words about my books. I am Bluffs, a point 700 miles above the extremely interested to know that mouth of the river, on the first of you knew something about the October. Here, from the vicinity of Pawnee. I always felt that my book several powerful tribes of Indians, about the Pawnee was one of the two it became necessary to erect a or three things that I have done post. The troops were landed and that was worth doing. Of course it put to work to cover themselves for has been superseded perhaps by the winter, and erect the necessary other things but I do hope that it defenses, all of which were has the real aboriginal flavor of completed in season, and we those early people. remained contented with the You are no doubt familiar with prospect of sending one of the the fact that Mr. John B. Dunbar regiments to the mouth of the had prepared a vocabulary and a Yellowstone early in the Spring. grammar of the Pawnee language. The The Rifle Regiment which was vocabulary he possessed, I think, stationed at a point 450 miles up at the time of his death, and many the Missouri was joined to my years before that he loaned it to command." In another personal me and I had it copied. That copy I letter, Gen. Atkinson writes, "As still have. It should be possible the troops were halted at the to get hold of his original and Bluffs our military duties print it as his. This grammar was consisted in looking after the lost many years ago. conduct and movements of the Indians, and to maintain proper ------- discipline. Much idle time of course might have been expended, REMINISCENCES BY LUTHER H. NORTH but instead of indulging in it, we turned our attention to farming and I am returning you Mr. raising stock." In December, 1822, Grinnell's letters and want to Gen. Atkinson again wrote in a thank you for the papers you sent. private letter, "The first season The medal is very interesting. I we made 12,000 bushels of corn, the think perhaps I know as much about second 16,000 bushels, and the the old Skidi village that was third 20,000 bushels. Besides more located up near Spring Creek as any potatoes and all sorts of garden man living or dead. I discovered it vegetables than can be devoured. We in 1871 and on my trip home to have have a stock of 300 cattle, Columbus stopped at the Skidi and the troops have the milk of 100 village and had a long talk with cows. We have a saw mill, and a Eagle Chief about it. The walls of grist mill, and I think in another the dirt lodges were some three year we shall subsist ourselves feet high in this old village and without drawing upon the interior." one of them was so large (two Thus was started the first post hundred ten feet in diameter) that west of the Missouri, and the first I wondered how they could have settlement in Nebraska. From covered it and asked Eagle Chief Chittenden's History of the about it. He said it must have been American Fur Trade of the Far West, a council house and that perhaps it the following relating to Gen. had no roof on it. He said the Atkinson is copied: "He conducted Skidi lived there at two different the Expedition with the practical periods. It was from this village good sense with which this officer that the Skidi got separated and was distinguished." Chittenden also part of them went north and never states that Gen. Atkinson devised came back. This band are now the and used on the trip down the Ohio Arickara. This happened when they River from Pittsburg to St. Louis, lived there the first time. They a form of stern wheel paddle boat, then abandoned that village and the wheel of which was worked by moved up the North Loup but later the troops aboard, and that this came back to the Spring Creek method of propulsion proved such a village but he had no idea how long success that he adopted the same it might have been. I should like method of propelling a number of to say something about the name of keel boats up the river to Council Pita Leshara but it is too hard for Bluffs. me to write. There might have been Gen. Atkinson was recalled to a Skidi who took that name but Jefferson Barracks in 1822, where there never was a Skidi that was he commanded the First Western head chief of the Pawnee tribe Department for a number of years, after the consolidation of the four and organized and commanded the bands. I guess I had better stop Infantry School of Practice, which before I put my foot in it as I am was organized in 1827 after the too old to get into an argument return of the 6th Inf. from the with anyone. withdrawal of the troops from Ft. I saw by the paper that you were Atkinson. The school may rightfully in Columbus not very long ago I be called the father of our schools would be very pleased to have you of instruction which have since come to see me whenever you are in grown into a system now headed by Columbus. I took Mr. Grinnell on a the Army War College of today in buffalo hunt with the Pawnee in Washington. 1872. Thanking you again for the In 1825, Gen. Atkinson and Major papers and also for the invitation Benjamin O'Fallon of St. Louis, to accompany you and Mr. Grinnell were commissioned by the President next summer which I should very to conduct treaties with the much like to do. Missouri Indians, and proceed with L. H. NORTH. a strong military escort from Ft. Atkinson to a point 120 miles above ------- the mouth of the Yellowstone River. Gen. Atkinson and Major O'Fallon THE FOUNDER OF FORT ATKINSON left St. Louis on March 25, 1825, and arrived at Ft. Atkinson April Following is the address by 19th. The last of the goods to be Colenel [sic] B. W. Atkinson at the used by them on this trip arrived centennial celebration of the May 13th, and they started out May founding of Fort Atkinson, on 14th. The records of this October 11, 1919. The punctuation, Expedition tell us that Gen. capitalization, etc., are just as Atkinson used on this voyage the the colonel wrote them. same form of paddle wheeled keel It is my intention to make a boats which he had adopted on the brief response to the sentiment trip down the Ohio River and on the "General Atkinson, founder of Fort trip up the river bringing the Atkinson"; to really give a brief troops to Ft. Atkinson. Gen. outline of the military services of Atkinson and Major O'Fallon arrived the man who founded this well known back at Ft. Atkinson the 19th of old fort. the following September, and Before making these remarks, I returned to Jefferson Barracks the wish to express my great 7th of October, having been absent gratification at being present here on this trip for seven months. Gen. today, and my appreciation, of the Atkinson then resumed his command efforts of the Nebraska Historical of the Western Department. Society to have me present. During his tour of duty at General Henry Atkinson was born Jefferson Barracks, the Black Hawk in North Carolina, and appointed War of 1832 came on. Gen. Atkinson Captain of the 3rd Inf. the first commanded the troops in this short, of July, 1808. He was appointed but bloody campaign, Colonel in the Inspector General's April-September, 1832, which Department the 25th day of April, terminated with the capture of the 1813. Appointed Colonel of 4th Inf. celebrated chief, Black Hawk, and the 15th day of April, 1814, and his confinement at Jefferson transferred to the 37th Inf. the Barracks. He was criticized by the 22nd of April, 1814, and again to press for what was termed his harsh the 6th Inf. the 17th of May 1815. treatment of Black Hawk in He was appointed a Brig. General confining him under heavy guard the 13th of May, 1820. On the first with ball and chain, but Gen. of June, 1821, he, was appointed a Atkinson seems to have had a very Colonel and Adjutant General, which good knowledge of Indian character he declined. He was then appointed as is evidenced by the following as the Colonel of the 6th Inf. upon taken from Thwaites History of the the reduction of the Army, and Black Hawk War: "Gen. Atkinson, retained that position with the however, was energetic and rank of Brig. General. He died at possessed of much executive Jefferson Barracks the 14th of ability, and overcame these June, 1842, and is buried at Cave difficulties as rapidly as Hill Cemetery, Louisville, possible. He had military skill, Kentucky. courage, perseverance, and Prior to the War of 1812-1815, knowledge of Indian character, and Gen. Atkinson had service at during his preparations for the different military posts, and on campaign took pains to personally August 27th, 1815, he assumed assure himself of the peaceful command of the 6th Inf., at Ft. attitude of those Sacs and Foxes Lewis, N. Y. Upon assuming command not members of the British band." of the Regiment, Gen. Atkinson The Indians named Gen. Atkinson, issued the following order: "Assume "The White Beaver." Upon the the command of the 6th Regt. of completion of the Black Hawk War, Inf. which the President of the Gen. Atkinson returned to Jefferson United States has been pleased to Barracks, Mo., and remained in confide to my care. In entering command of this Western Dept. till upon his duty he is not unconscious his death in 1842. of the importance and Gen. Henry Atkinson married Miss responsibility of the charge, but Mary Bullit, of the well known he embraces it with confidence, family of that name from Kentucky. relying as he does upon the aid He had one son, Edward Graham which he will derive from the Atkinson, who married a Miss ability and experience at his Walker, daughter of Major Benjamin field, staff and platoon officers, Walker of the Army, who for many as well as upon the good character years was stationed in St. Louis of the troops composing the and well known in that City, and in Regiment." Such was Gen. Atkinson's the Army. faith in the 6th Inf. which playd Colonel Benjamin Walker [sic] such an important part with Atkinson, only son of Edward Graham him in the Yellowstone Expedition, Atkinson, married Miss Caroline and in the founding of Fort Bayard Randolph, whose father was Atkinson. an army officer, and of the old The Regiment moved from Randolph family of the South. He Plattsburg, N. Y. to St. Louis, has two children, a married Mo., March, 1819, and in an order daughter, and a son, Lieut. preparatory to the movement of the Benjamin Walker Atkinson, Jr., of Regiment, up the river to Council the Marine Corps. Colonel Atkinson Bluffs, Gen. Atkinson says: entered the service in 1882. He is "Council Bluffs are situated in the now on duty as the Inspector of the finest climate and district of New York Recruiting District, country in America, and may be stationed in New York City. justly assumed the most desirable In closing this brief outline of post on the continent." The command the military services of Gen. left St. Louis July 4, 1819, on the Atkinson, I cannot refrain from transports "Jefferson," again saying how greatly pleased it "Expedition", and "Johnson". Major has made me to be here today. I feel I belong in a way to Nebraska, if Nebraska will adopt me. This feeling has led me to make application to join the Nebraska Historical Society. This feeling goes back beyond today. In 1895 or 1896, I found among my grandfather's papers a letter telling of the arrival of the command here. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ That letter I cannot quote, Society, brings fresh evidence of being inaccessible now, but I am the productive power of that sure a copy is in the Historical favored region and was inspiration Society's records. The letter was for the following reply: copied and sent by me to the "Omaha Bee." It was published and followed WHERE THE JONATHANS GROW (as recollected) by a letter in the There's a bench of brown same newspaper which stated Gen. bluffs Atkinson's letter has settled a By the Big Muddy long dispute as to the exact shores, location of the first Fort. This From Plattsmouth way down letter was the beginning of my to Saint Joe, -- acquaintance with the Nebraska Where God finished making Historical Society, for I shortly the world out-of-doors, received a letter from the -- Honorable J. Sterling Morton, 'Tis the land where the asking me to write an account of Jonathans grow. the Missouri River Expedition, from St. Louis to Council Bluffs, from There the soil is such data as was accessible. I dug wind-blown from old lakes into the old records of the 6th overthrown Inf., (being Staff Officer of that In the ages gone by famous regiment) but before the long ago, completion of my work, was ordered But it blossoms in May to the Philippine Islands. The while the white orchards material collected was sent to the say: Secretary of the Society. On my "Watch. the Winesap and return a few years later, I was Jonathan grow." again hunted up and asked to complete my work, but before this The alfalfa plant blooms could be done, orders again took me on the crest of those back to the Islands. I sent by hills express to the Secretary a number While its roots pierce of the old order books of the the subsoil below, regiment and photographs were made And the apple roots sink of some of the old orders, the sixty feet deep to drink books being returned to me on the Of the springs where eve of my sailing. A photograph of the sweet waters flow. one of the old orders appears in the State Journal of Sept. 14, The warm sun and soft last. In 1911, while stationed at breeze Ft. Crook, I made a trip to this Kiss and rock the tall old Fort with my wife and son. We trees enjoyed a most interesting and In the long summer pleasant day under the guidance of days to and fro, Mr. Woods going over the old Till they blend into one reservation. My son dug up and - waters, wind, soil and brought away as a souvenir a half sun -- brick from a point where Mr. Wood As their children, the told him his great grandfather's Jonathans, grow. quarters stood. A few weeks ago your well known Secretary, Mr. There's the tang of old Sheldon, located me again through wine in those apples the War Dept. and invited me most divine, earnestly to come here today and There's the breath of make a reply to the sentiment "Gen. south winds in their Atkinson, the founder of Ft. cells, Atkinson." I have endeavored to do And a musky perfume like this, be as brief as possible and the alfalfa bloom, trust I have not worn out your Which the apple roots patience. I thank you. drink from deep wells. ------- There's a red, rosy bliss The commissioners to make like a lover's last kiss treaties with the Upper Missouri On the check of a River Indians started from Fort maiden I know, Atkinson, on the transport Blushing deep on the face Antelope, October seventh, 1825, of the Jonathan race and the Missouri Republican of In this land where the October 24th notes that they Jonathans grow, arrived at St. Louis on the 20th of the month. Till the end of my days By authority of an act of let me live in that land Congress of March second, 1821, the Where the apple tree army was organized in 1822 into two blooms -- and the rose -- grand divisions, the eastern and Where the honey bee sips the western, and each division was purple alfalfa lips divided into departments. General And the nectar-like Atkinson was commander of the first Jonathan grows. department of the Western division. In the year 1829, however, he was - Addison E. Sheldon. temporarily commander of the western division, in the place of ------- Major General Edmund P. Gaines, and [Image] Major Winfield Scott was the commander for 1828. With these exceptions, General Gaines was H. M. BUSHNELL commander from the year of the reorganization, 1822, until that (handwritten - "See C 1569") plan of division was discontinued in 1842. Death of H. M. Bushnell: There were two campaigns in the Mr. H. M. Bushnell who passed Black Hawk war of 1832, though they away just as the new year was were perhaps not clearly distinct. coming in was probably the best The first was commanded by General known Nebraska editor in the state. James D. Henry, brigadier general His editorial experience dated back of Illinois militia, who was to 1876 at Plattsmouth. It included possessed of great courage and the stormy and strenuous days of native military acumen. On the 21st the Lincoln Daily Call from 1888 to of July he won the battle of 1894, and since that time a Wisconsin Heights, which occurred continuous connection with various near the Wisconsin river, about publications and public twenty-five miles northwest of the enterprises. Mr. Bushnell held the site now occupied by Madison. This positions of president of the was the beginning of the end of the Nebraska Press Association, war. At the final battle - of Bad president of the Nebraska Society, Axe - on the second of August. Sons of the American Revolution and General Atkinson commanded in for many years was an active member person, though just as Colonel of the State Historical Society. Richard M. Johnson had done at the battle of the Thames, Henry saw the critical time and place to make the charge, and made it. In The Story of the Black Hawk War, (Wisconsin Historical Collections, XII), from which Colonel Atkinson quotes above, Mr. Thwaites, the author, says: It appears that there was much jealousy displayed by Atkinson, at the fact that the laurels of the campaign, such as they were, had thus far been won by the volunteers; and Henry, as the chief of the victors at Wisconsin Heights, was especially unpopular at headquarters. In the disposition of the troops for the battle, Henry's command was left without orders. "This," continues the story, "was clearly an affront to Henry, Atkinson's design doubtless being to crowd him out of what all anticipated would be the closing engagement of the campaign, and what little glory might come of it. But the fates did not desert the brigadier." Extended accounts of the Yellowstone expedition of 1819, by myself, are printed in volume XVII, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society, in this magazine of July-September, 1919, and in the Sunday State Journal of October 12, 1919. A. W. ------- THE LAND WHERE THE JONATHANS GROW. Bayard Taylor, world traveler and poet, once wrote that the Missouri River valley was unrivalled as a land of rich agricultural resources and beauty of landscape. Many observers since have confirmed his view. A circle two hundred miles in diameter with its center at the southeast corner of Nebraska, encloses a region whose possibilities as a home for the human race cannot be beaten on the planet. A barrel of Jonathan apples sent from the Weaver orchards at Falls City, by Arthur J. Weaver, president of the Nebraska Constitutional Convention of 1920, to the secretary of the State Historical ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 Nebraska History and Record of Pioneer Days ------------------------------------------------------------------------ FLAGS OF THE STATES thereon (on reverse side the great seal), white silk fringe at fly The following article lists the edge. states which have a state flag and Washington - Green field with gives year of adoption with state seal (front view of face of description: George Washington) in center. Alabama - 1895, crimson cross of West Virginia - 1904, white with St. Andrew on field of white. state seal, under which, on red Arizona - Two stripes, upper red scroll in gold letters "'West and lower blue Upper stripe is Virginia." made up of thirteen rays of glory, Wisconsin - 1913, dark blue alternating red and yellow. In silk, with state coat of arms center a large golden star, embroidered on both sides. overlaps the two stripes of which Wyoming - 1917, blue field with the flag is composed. red border and white border text to Arkansas - 1913, red field with the blue field. White buffalo in white diamond upon which appears center, with state seal in colors "Arkansas" with a blue star above on buffalo. and two blue stars below. White ------- diamond surrounded by blue border with 25 white stars thereon. William Hartford James, of California - 1911, white with Colfax, Washington, former red stripe below and red star at secretary of state and acting union. Grizzly bear at center with governor of Nebraska, died February "California Republic" in black 2nd. He was born at Marlon, Ohio, below. October 15, 1831, and received life Colorado - 1908, three stripes education in the public schools with C in gold. supplemented by two years in the Connectlcut - Azure blue field academy there. In 1853 he removed with shield (arms of the state). to Des Moines, Iowa, and was Delaware - 1914, blue field, admitted to the bar. He was married with great seal in center. to Louisa Epler in 1857 and moved "December 7, 1787" below. to Dakota county, Nebraska, where Florida - 1899, state seal on he had previously filed upon a ground of white with red bars. claim. During his residence of Georgia - 1879, one-third blue fourteen years in Dakota county he with state seal, remaining was engaged in the practice of law two-thirds divided into three and surveying; was a member of the horizontal stripes, upper and lower first board of trustees of Dakota red, middle white. City and first board of aldermen, Idaho - 1909, blue field, name and was county attorney and justice of state and seal thereon. of the peace. He was president of a Illinois - 1915, state seal in democratic mass convention held in black or national colors becomes St. Johns, July 11, 1857. In 1864 state banner. he was appointed by Abraham Lincoln Indiana - 1901, (banner) blue register of the land office at field, 19 stars, and a flaming Dakota City and served five years. torch in gold or buff. In the fall of 1870, Mr. James was Iowa - 1917, white with American elected secretary of state, on the eagle holding in his beak the republican ticket, and after the scroll with "Our Liberty We Prize impeachment of Governor Butler in and Our Rights We Will Maintain" in 1871, he became acting governor. In blue letters. "Iowa" below this in 1877 he removed to Colfax, red letters. Washington, having been appointed Kansas - Blue with state seal. register of the United States land Kentucky - 1880, navy blue office. He took a prominent part in ground with seal in a wreath of public affairs in the early days of goldenrod. Colfax and at one time was mayor. Louisiana - 1912, blue field, ------- with pelican feeding its young, "Union, Justice and Confidence" Charles Frederick Gunther, a below. romantic figure in the history of Maine - 1909, field of blue, Chicago, died February 10th; was a coat of arms embroidered in silk. world renowned collector of Maryland - 1904, shield of state historical art, especially Civil (personal shield of Lord and Revolutionary war paintings and Baltimore), colors, red, black, relics; born in Germany, March 6th, gold, silver. 1837; came with his parents to Massachusetts - 1908, white Pennsylvania in 1842. He was field, seal in center. engaged in business in Memphis in Michigan - 1911, blue field with 1860 and during the Civil War he arms of state thereon. served as an officer on a Minnesota - 1893, blue field Confederate boat. He removed to with state seal in center. Tip of Chicago in 1868 where he staff has golden gopher. established one of the largest Mississippi - after Civil War, candy factories of the West; served blue, white and red stripes with a as city treasurer and was once red union upon which appears a blue candidate for governor of Illinois. cross of St. Andrew and thirteen Mr. Gunther was an honorary member white stars. of the Nebraska State Historical Missouri - 1913, red, white and Society, elected in 1911, at which blue horizontal stripes with band time he presented to the Society a of blue in center, enclosing coat large oil painting depicting of arms of state on white ground, buffaloes grazing upon the Nebraska twenty-four stars on the blue band. plains. Montana - 1905, blue field with ------- seal of state and gold fringe. Passing of the Nebraska Pioneer Nebraska- Nevada - Body of solid blue, Mrs. J. W. Newell, resident of seal in center with scroll about Nebraska since 1862, died in Blair, it, "Nevada" above, with eighteen March 8th. gold stars, and motto below. Francis Henry Yager, pioneer New Hampshire - 1909, blue field Otoe county since 1864, died in with state seal in center. Nebraska City, March 8th. Mrs. New Jersey - 1896, yellow field, Yager died April 3, 1919 after they state seal in center. had celebrated their sixty-fifth New Mexico - Turquoise blue, wedding anniversary. union of American flag with Mrs. Mary S. Shannon, who came forty-seven stars in it. In upper with her husband to Nebraska in fly corner the figures 47, state 1859, died in Pawnee City March seal in lower fly corner, "New 9th. Mexico" in white in center. Frank Maly, resident of Nebraska New York - 1909, blue ground since 1866, died at his home near with arms in colors thereon. Crofton, March 10th. North Dakota - 1911, blue Mrs. Eliza Reeves, a teacher in ground, yellow fringe or border, Otoe county in 1866, died in eagle in center, with olive branch Alliance, March 10th. and arrows; a shield with thirteen John Volkhardy, born in Germany red and white stripes; "E pluribus in 1835, died March 10th in unum, "North Dakota." Nebraska City whore he had settled North Carolina - 1885, red, in 1864; participated in the Civil white and blue ground, gold "N" and War toward its close. "C" with a star between, date below Mrs. Matilda Sides, ninety-five and above - "April 12, 1776" and years old, died at her farm "May 20, 1775." residence near Dakota City, where Ohio - 1902, pennant shaped, she had lived for fifty-five years three red and two white horizontal coming to Nebraska in 1865. Her stripes, union consisting of husband died January 3, 1909, after seventeen white stars in a blue which Ms. Sides lived alone and triangular field around a red disc looked after her household affairs with white 0 thereon. with faculties unimpaired until Oklahoma - 1911, red with white within it few days of her death. star bordered in blue, within the Mrs. Marian Dripps Barnes who star the figures 46. was born at Bellevue, Nebraska, Oregon - Blue with state seal in November 15, 1827, died in center. Barneston, March 11th. She was the Pennsylvania - 1907, blue field daughter of Major Andrew Dripps and with state seal in colors. his wife, an Oto woman. Major Rhode Island - 1877, white Dripps was an agent of the American ground, on each side in center a Fur Company and was in charge of golden anchor, underneath a blue the frontier post at Bellevue. Mrs. ribbon with motto "Hope" in gold Barnes was educated in the Convent letters, surrounded by thirteen of the Visitation at Kaskaskia, gold stars, flag edged with yellow Ill., and in 1856 was married to fringe. Francis M. Barnes, founder of the South Carolina - 1861, blue with town of Barneston. an argent crescent at the point. In Matthias Schmuecker, who came to the union, with a white palmetto Nebraska with his mother and her tree in the center. family by ox team in the fifties, South Dakota - 1909, blue field, died at his home in Cuming county, blazing sun in center; "South near St. Charles, March 16th. Dakota" above sun. "The Sunshine Mrs. Elizabeth LaGourge, who State" below. On reverse of sun the settled in Gage county in 1854, state seal. Fringed edge. died in Beatrice March 21st. Tennessee - 1905, red field, John Henry Dundas, for blue bar at edge of fly, separated fifty-seven years a resident of by white bar. In red field, blue Nemaha county, died at Auburn March circle with white border, three 22nd; born in Kane county, Ill., in stars on blue circle. 1846; married March 29, 1871, to Texas - White and red stripe Wealthy J. Bishop; entered with broad blue perpendicular journalism in 1884, when he stripe at hoist or staff side and purchased the Nebraska Republican; upon it a white star. two years latter purchased the Utah - 1911, blue field, gold Granger which he continued to edit fringe, center a shield with eagle and publish until five years ago; above; six arrows at top of shield, was senator from his (second) crosswise, "Industry" and a district in the legislature of beehive, and lilies growing. "Utah" 1897; a member of the People's below hive and "1847" below Utah; Independent Party and was a leader two American flags crossed and in antimonopoly and prohibition draped above shield. "1896" below movements. shield and flags. Whole design Frederick Wohlenberg, a resident circled in gold. of Lincoln since 1867, died March Vermont - 1862, thirteen red and 26th. white stripes, large white star in Robert S. Sackley, resident of blue field with coat of arms. Nebraska since the early sixties, Virginia - 1861, blue field, died in Syracuse, March 27th. white circle in center with coat of arms ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Produced for NEGenWeb, 1998 by Ted & Carole Miller