Statewide County NV Archives History - Books .....Chapter XI Progress Of Settlement 1881 ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/nv/nvfiles.htm ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Joy Fisher sdgenweb@yahoo.com October 25, 2007, 8:48 pm Book Title: History Of Nevada CHAPTER XI. PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT. 1860. Passenger Communication with California - Stock-raising in Carson Valley-The Weather-Building-General Appearance-Business, Etc.-The Mines-First Efforts to Reduce the Ores-Political History Continued-Carson County Officers in 1860-County Court and Repudiation of Debts- Rates of Licenses-Stock Brokers-Toll-road and Bridge Rates-First Railroad Franchise-First Court House-Nevada Invoiced in 1860-Business Statistics for 1860-Population of Nevada, 1860-Nativity of Population-Deaths- Stock and Agriculture in 1860. THE excitement in California had been increasing through the winter, and a large population waited on the Pacific Coast side in the spring for the melting snows on the mountains to admit of a passage over them. Goods were shipped in the spring of 1860 on mules that traveled for miles upon blankets spread on the snow to prevent their sinking into it. The first goods shipped into Nevada by its present Governor, John H. Kinkead, reached the Territory by passing the snow barriers in this way. The high price that the severe winter had created in Carson County was a leverage that caused merchants to make the most strenuous exertions to reach that locality at the earliest possible day in spring; and those having no goods, lured by hopes of sudden wealth awaiting them, were just as eager to reach the "promised land." Of this latter class, Dan De Quille, in his "Big Bonanza" says:- At first they came on foot, driving donkeys, or other pack-animals, before them, or on horseback, riding when they could, and leading their horses where the snow was soft; but soon sleighs and stages were started, and in some shape floundered through with their passengers. Saddle trains for passengers were started, however, before vehicles of any kind began to run, and the snow passed over was in many places from thirty to sixty feet in depth. At first there was not sufficient shelter for the new-comers, and they crowded to overflowing every building of whatever kind in all the towns along the Comstock range. But houses were rapidly being built in all directions, and the weather soon became warm enough to allow of camping out in comfort almost anywhere. One of those parties who was so eager to reach the Comstock was not so favorably impressed with the country and its surroundings as were many who visited it; and the consideration of his evidence is important in arriving at a verdict as to the condition of western Utah at that time. He writes from Virginia City to the Mountain Democrat, under date of April 5, 1860, as follows, after having passed over the road to that place from Placerville in March:- There are but few houses in the Valley (Carson), and at each house a few acres have been fenced in with sawed lumber, and these seem to have been designed for grazing purposes. I have not seen an agricultural implement since I have been in the Territory, and only about one acre of land plowed, or bearing any appearance of having been placed in a preliminary state of preparation for cultivation. I am told, however, that there are several good farms in the smaller valleys, back in the canons among the foothills but the greatest portion of the valley I have seen, is entirely destitute of soil, being a loose, dry, coarse sand, which, with all the irrigation and cultivation that could be bestowed upon it; could not possibly be made to "sprout a pea." Taken altogether, the whole country presents an uninviting appearance, and I am satisfied that so far as agriculture is concerned, Carson Valley is an unmitigated humbug. I hope, however, that a more thorough investigation will prove that the small valleys before alluded to, will, when put under cultivation, produce sufficient to meet the wants of the people of western Utah. STOCK-RAISING IN CARSON VALLEY. It is estimated that there are 10,000 head of hogs, horses and cattle in Carson and neighboring valleys; horses and cows are very poor, and thousands are to be seen lying dead all over the valley. They evidently died from starvation. All the hogs I have seen are in good order, as they have profited much by the numerous dead carcasses of other animals, but to think of a fat pork steak under such circumstances, is by no means refreshing or consoling to my mind, and yet we have them served up at our restaurants, without knowing from whence they came. THE WEATHER. Ever since I have been here, the wind has been blowing continually, day and night, with double the intensity of the afternoon winds which prevail most part of the year on Telegraph Hill and North Beach, at San Francisco; and I am told that these winds prevail here nearly three-fourths of the year. Snow has been falling here for the past fifteen hours, and there is about one foot of snow on the ground, and still snowing. All out-door business is stopped. BUILDING-GENERAL APPEARANCE-BUSINESS, ETC. A few days ago there was some little stir here, in the way of preparation for building. I have noticed some eight or ten small buildings in the course of construction, but some of them have been stopped for the want of lumber, Nearly all of the "buildings" here are canvas: a few are of rough stone, and some of them are merely holes dug in the hill-side, and covered over with brush and dried hides, presenting more the appearance of an Indian wigwam, than that of a City. The three famous cities, Genoa, Carson and Virginia, all put together, would not make a town half so large as Placerville. The principal business going on at present, is eating, drinking and gambling. There are hundreds of men here hanging around the gambling saloons from day to day, not doing anything at all. Some are working in the mines for wages, at five dollars per day; so you will see that after paying four dollars a day for board and lodging, they will have one dollar a day left. There is no demand for mechanics. Carpenters get seven dollars per day, when they can get work, but there is very little doing in that line, owing to the scarcity and high price of lumber. Everything here sells for enormous prices, not so much on account of the ready return for labor, or investment, as the cost of getting the articles here. Lumber can be bought at the mills for fifty dollars per thousand and the same costs four hundred dollars per thousand. Flour is selling to-day for sixty dollars per hundred-it has raised twenty-five dollars within the past three days. Beef, from sixteen to twenty-five cents per pound; potatoes, twenty-five cents; hay, four hundred dollars per ton. These extravagant prices cannot last long, but they are a great drawback to the prosperity of the country at present. THE MINES. As to the extent and character of the mines, I am not a whit better informed than before coming here, but I suppose I must fall in with the current of public opinion here and admit that they are exceedingly rich, as I have not heard any one here deny that such is the case; meantime I will investigate for myself, and inform you at the earliest opportunity. I will venture the following remarks, upon information obtained from reliable parties here and from personal observation. That there have been false statements and exaggerated accounts sent forth to the world in regard to the mines, there can be no doubt. The reports that have appeared in the papers, that there have been heavy operations going on here in the way of grinding and smelting ore, are utterly false. No smelting has been done here except small parcels for the purpose of making assays. It has often been stated by writers from this place, that such and such men who have been here but a short time are now worth $10,000, $20,000, $50,000, and that a man may be poor one day, and a millionaire the next. But when these statements are sifted down to the bottom, they turn out about as follows: Mr. A. goes out and stakes off 200 feet of ground, and returns to a drinking saloon; he approaches Mr. B. and remarks. "I have been offered $150 per foot for my claim, but do not care to sell." "Ah!" says B. "how much do you value your claim at?" A. replies without hesitation, "$250 per foot!" B. in return makes similar statements to A. They drink and depart, and straightway it is reported that A. and B. are each worth $50,000, when, in reality, it is not known that either of their claims are worth fifty cents. But perhaps I have already extended this letter much too long for your columns. I must close, and as soon as I have informed myself so as to write understandingly, I will give you a full history of the mines and mining operations here." FIRST EFFORTS TO REDUCE THE ORES. As the miners worked into Gold Hill and approached the main ledge, the quartz became firm and required pulverizing before the gold could be taken from it, and it was necessary to treat the sulphurets in the same way. This change of condition in the material containing gold necessitated a preliminary work upon it that was performed by an ancient Mexican contrivance called an arastra, which waB used to grind the rock and sulphurets to a powder, thus setting the gold free. Messrs. Hastings and Woodworth had two of these running by water-power on the Carson River at Dayton, in the fall of 1859, that pulverized three tons of rock each per day. The contract by which J. D. Winters, Jr., became an owner in the Comstock Lode, already given, shows that an arastra was one of the first appliances for reducing ore on that lode. The building of this, and the one constructed at the spring in Gold Hill, both antedated those run by water-power at Dayton. Then came the Logan and Holmes horse-power four-stamp battery at Dayton, and these comprised the reduction capacity of works in Nevada in 1859. The following from Dr. E. B. Harris of Virginia City, who is now one of the prominent citizens of Nevada and who, prior to his arrival, had owned and worked several quartz-mills in California, concisely states the progress made in reduction works in 1860:- In company with five others in the winter of 1859, I fitted out an expedition for Washoe, and pitched my tent in Gold Hill, on the spot now occupied by the Bank of California. My visit to Gold Hill was not with the view of remaining, at first, but the excitement was too great to give up the new El Dorado, and there being no physician, I concluded to stop, test the progress of events, and, aside from my professional duties, canvassed well the mineral resources of the surrounding country. I soon became convinced that Gold Hill (which took its name from the peculiar mound from which projected a steep bluff of rock) was rich in mineral from the "grass roots." Very little ore had been taken out, and that was being sent to San Francisco for reduction at great cost; paying as high as twenty-five and thirty cents per pound, conveyed over the mountains on pack-animals. The last shipment by Sandy Bowers and wife of 2,000 pounds paid $2,200. The general opinion prevailing was that the ore could not be worked here. This was not my opinion, however, for I believed and maintained the theory that ores could be worked here in the same way as in California. The question of amalgamation was the only difficulty, owing to the silver prevailing. Many contended that it required a process yet unknown to any except Mexicans, whose theories were adopted, but always proved in the end too slow an order for go-ahead Americans. The "dry crushing" process was settled upon, and no one would listen to the "wet crushing" theory. Having surveyed the whole matter of the future of the Comstock, and being convinced of the vast richness of Gold Hill, I entered into an understanding with Sandy Bowers and wife (taking as silent partner J. H. Mills) to erect a mill in connection with his mine (twenty feet in the richest part of the Gold Hill Gulch) each party to be equal owners. Everything was completed, ready for the signature of Bowers to the contract, when that was refused, because his attorney advised him not to give his mine up to a "Yankee Doctor." The ostensible reason for refusal, was to get his own (attorney's) fingers into the pie, which he did ultimately, and a fortune, for a time, was taken from that mine. Then I turned my attention to a "custom-mill," being guaranteed all the rock I could work at $100 per ton. I looked about me for a thorough business and moneyed man, and found both in C. H. Coover, of Sacramento, who being then in Gold Hill, and seeing "millions in it," readily joined me. The first thing was to select a "mill-site." I located a small stream of water running down "Crown Point Pound," and secured a site for the mill on the east side of the road, nearly opposite to the present Leviathan hoisting works, formerly located by Overman for arastras. On the twenty-seventh day of June, 1860, we left for San Francisco. We secured one of "Howland's nine-stamp, portable, rotary batteries;" the engine and boilers to run it being procured from Goss & Lambert, of Sacramento, all of which was ordered shipped forthwith. We left for Gold Hill July 2d, arrived there at night on the fourth, and on the fifth, I commenced operations for the erection of the works. The machinery was freighted by ox and mule teams, at four and five cents per pound, and many of the light and necessary articles by pack-mules at twenty-five cents per pound. A great strife was going on to blow the first steam whistle in the then Territory of Utah. On the twentieth of July the machinery began to arrive, and as fast as it came I was ready to put it in position, and on the eleventh of August, A. M., I started the machinery and crushed about a half ton, the operation being witnessed by several hundred people, anxious to see the "old pioneer mill start." Most of the crushed ore was carried off as souvenirs of the great era of a Washoe enterprise. The rock was donated by Bowers, and valued at about $400 per ton. I procured my battery block from two yellow-pine trees, cut near Fort Hamsteed in Gold Hill. There were three of those yellow-pine trees that were about seventy-five feet high. They measured in diameter nearly four feet at the stump, and were the only ones to be found among the hills. Nearly a thousand cords of nut-pine wood were cut in the ravine where the new Yellow Jacket shaft is located, for which I paid for about 500 cords of it $1.71 for cutting and cording, and $2.50 for packing; making it cost $4.25 per cord, delivered at the mill. Lumber was worth $160 per thousand, and I ran my mill nearly a month before it was covered. On the thirteenth of August I started the mill again, and ran continuously until the following October on ore from the Bowers' claim (and the Gould & Curry, then managed by Charley Strong), working about one ton per twenty-four hours. Finding this a losing business, and the dry dust destroying the machinery, I resolved on the "wet process," against the protest of many who believed that the mineral could be saved only by dry crushing. I soon made the change, and I not only increased from one ton to ten per twenty-four hours, but saved thirteen dollars per ton more; thus settling the problem to a certainty. The advantage was soon followed by Paul and others. As my facilities increased and other mills began to start, my prices fell to seventy-five dollars per ton, and in the spring of 1861 fell to fifty dollars per ton; then giving me a handsome profit. The cost of working the ore was a little less than six dollars per ton. I hired my amalgamators for fifty dollars and sixty dollars per month. Engineers for one hundred dollars per month, working twelve-hour shifts. The retorted bullion ran from ten dollars to fourteen dollars per ounce; but as the mine increased in depth, it fell, owing to an increase in silver. A. B. Paul commenced to erect a mill near Devil's Gate some time in the spring of 1860, and I think he started to crush ore on the afternoon of the eleventh or twelfth of August. There was a great strife between Mr. Paul and myself to blow the first whistle, and crush the first ore. As the milling business had become profitable, Coover came over in the winter to assist me. The third mill of eight Howland Batteries (seventy-two stamps) was erected by A. B. Paul below lower Gold Hill, but was not made a very great success. The fourth mill was by the Ophir Company in Virginia. The fifth by Staples, in Gold Hill. The sixth by Hobert, in Gold Hill, near the site of the Leviathan works. Then followed the Nevada, in Six-mile Canon; succeeded by others too numerous to mention. Several thousand cords of wood was cut in and about the adjoining hills, and as it disappeared ran up to fifteen dollars per cord. There was no water in Gold Hill save a couple of small springs near the old Empire mill, aside from that running down Crown Point ravine. In the spring of 1861 water was found in running a tunnel in the northern part of Virginia, and the hulk of it was conveyed in boxes and ditches to Gold Hill by Williams & Gashwiler, and sold for (I think) one dollar per inch to supply the mills. The tunnel supplied about 100 inches. POLITICAL HISTORY CONTINUED. The unsuccessful efforts in 1859 to establish or resurrect some form of government for Carson County, or western Utah, has been already noted; neither the Provisional Government or the county election of that year having had any legal base for support. Judge Child, with earnestness equal to that which had prompted the effort of 1859, urged upon the people the necessity of availing themselves of such laws as were operative in the country by electing officers to execute them. August 6, 1860, was the time when such choice might be legally made, and he called an election for that day, after first dividing the counties into fourteen precincts. St. Mary's, Humboldt, and Carson Counties were jointly entitled to one member of the Utah Legislature. The result of that election was to fill the vacant offices of Selectmen, Sheriff, Treasurer, Surveyor, and Member of the Legislature, which gave to Carson County, by election and appointment, the following-named persons as officers in 1860:- CARSON COUNTY OFFICERS IN 1860. (1). J. S. Child, Probate and County Judge, now in Genoa. (2). George McNeir, Clerk, now in San Francisco. (3). S. A. Kinsey, Recorder, now in Genoa. (4). W. M. Stewart, Prosecuting Attorney, now in Carson. (5). Thomas Condon, Assessor and Collector, now in Carson. (6). James J. Coddinston, ) (7). William Alford, ) Selectmen, salary (8). I. Williams, ) $1,500 per annum. (9). John L. Blackburn, Sheriff, killed in Carson. (10). S. H. Marlette, Surveyor, now in Carson. (11). R. P. Bland, Treasurer. John C. James, Legislature. (1). Salary fixed at $2,500 per year; succeeded by Judge L. W. Ferris, July 30, 1861. (2). Salary fixed at $1,800 per year. Removed from office March 20, 1860, for absenting himself, and W. H. Pettit appointed. May 14, 1861, Pettit resigned, and Charles C. Conger was appointed the 20th; he was succeeded July 30, 1861, by N. W. Winton. (3). His election was unsuccessfully contested by E. C. Moore, December 3, 1860. Governor Nye appointed Samuel D. King to that office July 29, 1861. (4). Appointed by Probate Court September 12, 1860. He was succeeded by P. H. Clayton. (5). Appointed by the court, September 10, 1860. The office was declared vacant because of illegality, the County Treasurer being Collector ex officio of Licenses, and on the sixteenth of February, 1861, E. C. Cardoza was appointed to collect the tax in St. Mary's and Humboldt Counties as well as Carson County, the two former having been attached to Carson for judicial and revenue purposes. April 12, 1861, the Court allowed the Assessor and his deputy ten dollars per day and eight per cent, on collections. (6). Resigned April 13, 1861, to take effect on the seventeenth instant, when W. M. Stewart was appointed to fill the vacancy. (7). Resigned April 17, 1861; accepted May 13th, and the next day John W. Grier, of Silver City, was appointed to fill the vacancy. (8). Editor and proprietor of Territorial Enterprise, commissioned by Governor Nye, July 31, 1861. (9). T. J. Atchinson filed notice of intention to contest the election August 12, 1860. Mr. Blackburn was killed in Carson by William Mayfield, and November 28, 1861, the Legislature offered a reward of §1,000 for the arrest of his murderer. (10). Was later Surveyor General for Nevada. (11). Salary fixed at $125 per month from November 1, 1860. This legislation cost Mr. Kinsey about $3,000. It was a profitable position on account of the recording of mining claims, the proceeds of the office averaging about fifty dollars per day. Mr. Morse had run as a candidate at the election, although there was, according to the call, no vacancy; and failing to get a division in his favor from the courts, he opened an office, and the miners, not knowing who would eventually become Recorder, recorded with both Kinsey and Morse. Mr. Kinsey retained the old Record books. Governor Nye to settle the dispute, appointed a third party. COUNTY COURT AND REPUDIATION OF DEBTS. The first session of the County Court after an interval of over three years was held by Judge Child on the third of September succeeding the election. This Court under the laws of Utah, aided by the three Selectmen, performed the county business that now is transacted in Nevada by the County Commissioners, and in other StateB by a Board of Supervisors. There was no business transacted on the third of September, but on the tenth appears the following entry upon the books: "The Court next considered the matter of county indebtedness, and ordered that all county scrip issued to this date be declared void and repudiated." On that same day commenced the shower, that in after years became a deluge, of petitions for private franchises and grants of water rights, toll-roads, bridges, railroads, etc. On the fourteenth, the county was divided into fourteen school districts, and on the fifteenth, the following rates for licenses were established for county revenue purposes. RATES OF LICENSES. Billiard Table. $10.00 Bowling Alley 10.00 Theaters, per day 5.00 Theaters, per month 100.00 Theaters, three months 200.00 Theaters, one year 600.00 Opera or Concert, same as Theater. Caravan or menagerie, for each exhibition 20.00 Circus, Slight of hand, Wire or Eope-Dancers, and such per day 10.00 (Business was divided into three classes as follows): FIRST CLASS-Those whose sales reached $5,000 per month, quarterly license 17.50 SECOND CLASS-Those whose sales were less than $5,000, and at least $1,000 per month, quarterly license 12.50 THIRD CLASS-Those whose sales were less than $1,000, per month, quarterly license 10.00 Traveling merchants or pack-peddlers 12.50 And if they used a pack-animal or wagon to convey their goods 35.00 Hotels or Inns, per quarter 17.50 Saloons, per quarter 17.50 Pawnbrokers, per quarter 50.00 Auctioneers, per quarter 30.00 Stock-Brokers, over $100,000 in business, per quarter 80.00 Less than $100,000 and over $50,000 per quarter 40.00 Bankers and dealers in Exchange, if business was $200,000 and under $300,000 per month 80.00 If business was $100,000 and under $200,000 per month 40.00 If business was less than $100,000 per month 30.00 This Revenue Act of the County Court was repealed February 18, 1S61, except so far as Liquor Dealers and Manufacturers were concerned, and their license was placed at per quarter 15.00 TOLL-ROAD AND BRIDGE RATES. Established from Genoa to the Ridge, December, 5, 1860. Carriage or wagon with six or eight animals 2.50 Carriage or wagon with four animals 2.00 Carriage or wagon with two animals 1.50 Pleasure carriage with two animals 2.00 Buggy with one animal 1.00 Horseman or Pack with one animal 25 Loose Stock 12 1/2 Same rates on road from Chinatown to Palmyra. December 7, 1860. Toll rates when not specially rated: Wagon with six or eight animals 2.00 Wagon with four animals 1.50 Wagon with two animals 1.00 Carriage or Buggy with two animals 75 Horseman or pack-animals 12 1/2 FIRST RAILROAD FRANCHISE. The following entries also appear upon the record of the County Court, indicating an early faith in the future of the Comstock Lode, and a disposition to take time by the forelock. OCTOBER 4, 1860-Petition of Leonard L. Treadwell et al. for grant of railroad from Carson City to Virginia City; and also grant of water, were taken up, and being duly considered and examined, the prayer of the petitioners was granted. OCTOBER 24, 1860-Gonnin and Tulluck are granted a charter by the County Court, to construct a railroad "from Virginia City, by Gold Hill, Silver City, and through Gold Canon to Johntown * * and thence down to Chinatown and the Carson River." FIRST COURT HOUSE. On the nineteenth of September the Court, while in session at Genoa, authorized the building committee to expend not to exceed $750 to complete the Court House in that place, and furnish it. This was an old structure being repaired, a building thirty by sixty feet, one and one-half stories in height. Now it is clapboarded in front; rough boards put up endwise inclose the other end and sides, while shakes cover the roof, and probably were placed there by the county to help make up the cost of $750. It has been twice painted, but no one would mistrust this fact from its present look, and it is now being occupied as a stable. In the upper part of the building Judge Cradlebaugh held his first United States District Court, access to it being had through the front door by means of a ladder from the street. Later, stairs were built from the sidewalk up to it. Directly in front of the building, across the street, stands the Nevada Hotel, where the Roop, or Provisional Government, Constitutional Convention, and later, its Legislature, met in 1859. A few hundred feet to the north of this pioneer court building still stands the first house built in Nevada, the old Mormon Station, a log structure that now has a new roof and a clapboard front. NEVADA INVOICED BY THE DEPUTY UNITED STATES MARSHAL. At the State Capitol is deposited and laid away among the material deemed worthless the original books of the census records of Nevada in 1860, from which are compiled the following statistics. They are important, being an exhibit of the condition and degree reached in prosperity of Nevada at that time. The following table shows the different kinds of business, and its extent in each village and city in the country, and is a volume in itself. From it there appears to have been at that time, in what is now Nevada, sixty-six saloons, no preacher, four school teachers, six printers, nineteen doctors, and not a lawyer practicing his profession. BUSINESS STATISTICS FOR 1860. BUSINESS DIRECTORY OF GOLD SILVER VA. CARSON GENOA TOTAL 1860 TAKEN IN AUGUST. HILL CITY CITY CITY Hotels 8 4 3 7 2 19 Boarding Houses 19 3 5 2 29 Restaurants 3 6 3 3 15 Saloons 4 2 42 10 5 63 Stores 9 19 42 32 7 109 Barbers 2 1 8 6 17 Carpenters 11 15 62 30 118 Blacksmiths 9 6 17 16 6 54 Bootmakers 1 14 6 1 22 Jewelers 1 2 1 4 Printers 1 1 4 6 Doctors 3 9 5 2 19 Dentists 3 1 4 Livery Stables. 1 6 5 2 14 Harness Makers 1 1 Upholsterers 3 7 10 Tinners 9 2 11 Painters 4 5 9 School Teachers 2 1 3 Tailors 4 4 Brewers 3 6 9 Milliners 2 2 Gunsmiths 1 1 Speculators 13 8 21 Lawyers 5 5 Bakers 4 16 6 2 28 There should be added to the foregoing list to make it complete, four telegraph operators at Carson and one in Genoa, two druggists, and a daguerrean artist in Carson. The enumeration was made in August by J. P. Waters, Deputy United States Marshal. LONG VALLEY-Three public houses, ten miners and sixteen ranchers; the balance of population no occupation given; census taken in September. STEAMBOAT VALLEY-Two merchants, two public houses one saloon, and two blacksmiths; census taken in September. PALMYRA DISTRICT (in what is now Lyon County)- One saloon and one merchant; census taken in September. CLINTON (now Dayton)-Two blacksmiths, one shoemaker, one saloon, one merchant, one public house; census taken in September. CARSON VALLEY-One school teacher, three hotels, and three blacksmiths; census taken in October. WALKER'S RIVER VALLEY;-Two hotels, and one grocery; census taken in October. HONEY LAKE VALLEY (taken by California Marshal)-It is claimed that along the border over 1,900 persons were enumerated for that State who should have been credited to Nevada. He also saw over 200 miners' huts made of willow, that were abandoned because of the trouble with Indians. The following enumeration of population at Ragtown, the country between there and Virginia City, and the towns in the vicinity of the latter place, were enumerated in August, all the valleys along the base of the Sierra being reached in September except Carson Valley, which with the Walker River country was taken in October. POPULATION OF NEVADA IN 1860. White Colored Total Dwellings Subdivisions Male Female Carson City 534 167 13 714 189 Carson Valley 319 123 10 452 81 Chinatown 68 8 2 78 28 Eagle Valley 179 48 227 64 Fort Churchill 337 12 349 58 Flowery Mining District 80 80 24 Genoa 119 28 8 155 57 Gold Hill 619 18 1 638 179 Jack's Valley 87 29 1 117 23 Long Valley 47 2 49 14 Mammoth Eagle District 34 6 40 12 Palmyra Mining District 80 80 25 Ragtown 36 2 38 11 Silver City 611 25 1 637 219 Steamboat Valley 178 18 196 58 Sullivan's Mining District 39 39 14 Truckee Meadows 97 8 105 22 Virginia City 2198 139 8 2345 868 Virginia Mining District 40 40 Walker Eiver Valley 18 6 24 8 Washoe Valley 200 70 270 60 Carson County, total 5957 710 45 6712 2014 Humboldt County, total 40 40 8 Saint Mary's County, total 105 105 15 NOTE.-Ot the free colored population 16 are male and 2 female mulatoes. At Genoa one slave is reported, named T. J. Singleton, a female, aged 45 years. NATIVITY OF POPULATION. Irish 651 English 294 German 454 Scotch 98 Mexicans 85 Other foreigners 482 Total foreign 2,064 Total native 4,793 Total population 6,857 Additional Comments: Extracted from: History of Nevada with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of its Prominent Men and Pioneers Oakland, Cal.: Thompson & West 1881 File at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/nv/statewide/history/1881/historyo/chapterx35gms.txt This file has been created by a form at http://www.genrecords.org/nvfiles/ File size: 34.9 Kb