HISTORY: Chapter 15, History of Cayuga Co., NY 1879; Cayuga co., NY submitted by W. David Samuelsen *********************************************************************** Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/ny/nyfiles.htm *********************************************************************** 1789 - History of Cayuga County, New York, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers, by Elliot G. Storke, assisted by Jas. H. Smith. Pub. by D. Mason & Co., Syracuse, N.Y. 1879 CHAPTER XV. EARLY COURTS, COUNSELORS AND CASES. FIRST COURTS IN ONONDAGA - IN CAYUGA PROCEEDINGS - COURT RULES - JAIL AT CAYUGA - GRAND JURORS - JAIL AT AURORA - TRIAL, CONVICTION AND EXECUTION OF INDIAN JOHN - TRIAL OF DAVID WILLIAMS - COUNTY SEAT AT AUBURN - COURT HOUSES - FIRST COURT AT AUBURN - CAYUGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST. In 1794 Onondaga County included also Cayuga, Seneca and a part of Tompkins. The first court was held in a corn-house owned by Asa Danforth ; Seth Phelps of Scipio presided, assisted by John Richardson, Silas Halsey and William Stevens, Judges. Two lawyers only attended this court, Thomas R. Gould and Arthur Breese. There were then no lawyers resident in the county. The first session of the court of Oyer and Terminer, for the County, was held at the house of Asa Danforth, on the 21st day of July 1794, at which the presiding Judge was the Hon. Egbert Benson, a Justice of the Supreme Court, assisted by Seth Phelps and Andrew Englis. Attorneys were present from Herkimer and Whitestown. James Fitzgerald was the only criminal tried, and was found guilty of assault and battery and at-tempted robbery. The petit jurors on this trial were John Brown, William Linsley, Thomas Morgan, Henry Watkins, Benjamin Depuy, Nehemiah Smith, Isaac Strong, John A. Thompson, Noah Olmstead, Jr., Isaac Bailey, William Stevens and Thomas Osman. Several of these jurors were from this section of the County, two from Aurelius, whose attendance upon the court must have required a very tedious journey through the wilderness. That John Stoyell of Moravia, a justice of the peace, should have been fined thirty shillings for non-attendance, was no wonder, for it was a cheap means of relief. Seth Phelps, County Judge, held a Court of Common Pleas, at Aurora, on the 4th Tuesday in December, 1795, at which the Assistant Justices were John L. Hardenbergh and Benajah Clark. The attorneys and counselors present at this court, were Thomas Mumford and Daniel Shepard, Thaddeus M. Wood and Benjamin Hall were admitted as attorneys and counselors. In 1796 the courts were held at Manlius, in Onondaga County ; in 1797, at Ovid, in the County of Seneca; in 1798, at the house of Comfort Tyler, in Manlius, and also at Ovid. In the latter year James Kent, a justice of the Supreme Court held a court of Oyer and Terminer at the house of Seth Phelps, at Aurora, assisted by Seth Phelps and William Stevens, Judges. At this court the following persons were admitted to practice in the Supreme Court as attorneys and counselors : Hermanus H. Bogart, Daniel Shepard, Vincent Mathews, Thaddeus M. Wood, Glen Cuyler, Thomas Mumford, Elijah Miller, George Hall, Robert W. Stoddard, Nathaniel W. Howell, Eben F. Norton and Silas Marsh. On the 3d Tuesday in May, 1799, Seth Phelps, County Judge, held the first court in Cayuga Co., at Cayuga Ferry. At this court it was "ordered that John Harris have the liberty faithfully to keep and attend a ferry at Cayuga Village across the Cayuga Lake." The following rates of toll were permitted: One wagon or cart, with four horses or oxen ..... $.88 One wagon or cart, with two horses or oxen ..... .66 Each person ..... .09 Man and horse ..... .25 Horses and horned cattle, each ..... .12 1/2 Sheep and hogs ..... .02 At this court it was also ordered, "that the following rules be observed by all and every of the officers, counselors, attorneys and ministers hereof and by all other persons in any wise connected therewith." Here follows thirty-five specific rules, which many years since were copied verbatim from the originals by the late Hon. Christopher Morgan. This copy has been deposited in the collection of the Cayuga County Historical Society, by Michael S. Myers, Esq. Those rules furnish a clear compend of the practice of our courts three-fourths of a century ago. At this court it was also ordered, that the "liberties of the gaol" in and for the County of Cayuga, be established at Cayuga Village. This was done in conformity to an act which gave to the County Courts authority to fix the " gaol liberties " in the several counties of the State and determine the places at which the courts were to be held. The County courts were mostly held at Cayuga until 1804, when the "gaol liberties" were formally transferred to Aurora. Seth Phelps held County courts at Cayuga in 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, and 1804, at which, at different times, the Associate Judges were: Seth Sherwood, John Tillottson, William Brewster, and Joseph Annin; and the Justices were: Elisha Fitch, Ezekiel Crane, John L. Hardenbergh, and John Beardsley. At Cayuga was the easiest passage over the lake, and it was nearly central to the then territory of the County, which included parts of what are now Wayne and Tompkins counties, and all of Seneca county. A log jail was erected at Cayuga near the shore of the lake and against the bluff bank, which at that point arose to the full height of the building. It was built of hewn logs and located at the east end of the Cayuga bridge, the toll-house of which was erected directly over it, the top of the jail being the floor of the toll-house. Prisoners were let down by ladders through a trap door. Among the attorneys that were then prominent in the practice before the courts, were Elijah Miller, Daniel Shepard, Thaddeus M. Wood, Walter Wood, Thomas Mumford, Vincent Mathews, GIen Cuyler, Silas Marsh and Eleazer Burnham. Morgan Lewis, afterwards Governor of the State, held a Circuit Court at Cayuga Ferry, on the 3d day of June, 18oo, at which the following were the grand jurors: Jabez Bradley, Amos Rathbun, Israel Smith, David Avery, Augustus Chidsey, Wilhemus Mynders, Grove Smith, Adonijah Tillottson, Elijah Price, Samuel Crossett, Jonas Ward, Benjamin Hutchins, Salmon Buck, Jacob T. C. De-Witt, Ansell McCall, Noah Olmstead, Jr. At a court of Common Pleas, held by Seth Phelps, at Cayuga Ferry, on the third Tuesday in January, 1802, Amaziah Hutchinson was licensed to keep a ferry across Cayuga Lake, on lot No. 75, in the township of Milton, at the fol- lowing rates of toll: Double team and loaded carriage, $1.25 Single " " 1.00 Man and horse, . .50 Single team, .75 Single horse, or cutter, .25 A sheep, .06 A hog, .04 In 1801 the Court licensed James Kidder to keep a ferry across Cayuga Lake in the County of Cayuga, at the following rates of toll: Double team and loaded carriage, $1.25 Single " 1.00 Single " without a load, .75 Man and horse, .50 Single horse, or cutter, .25 A sheep, .o6 A hog .09 Jonas C. Baldwin was also licensed to keep a ferry at the Jonathan Brownell landing, at the last preceding rates of toll. Joseph L. Richardson was admitted to practice in 1802. In 1807 the court licensed David Follett to keep a ferry across Seneca River, opposite his dwelling house, at the following rates of toll: One span of horses, or yoke of oxen, $ .25 Man and horse, .12 One man, .06 Cows, steers, bullocks two years old, each, .12 1/2 Yearlings, .06 Hogs or sheep, .03 JAIL CHANGED TO AURORA. - At a court held at the school house at Cayuga, in January 1804, the "gaol liberties" at Cayuga were vacated and they were removed to Aurora in the township of Scipio. Ambrose Spencer held a court of Oyer and Terminer, at the Aurora Academy in 1804, at which the Indian "Delaware John," was arraigned for the murder of Ezekiel Crane. The prisoner plead guilty to the indictment, and thereupon the court ordered " that the said John, a Delaware Indian, otherwise called Delaware John, for the felony aforesaid, be hung by the neck until he be dead, by the sheriff of this County, on Friday the 17th day of August next, between the hours of one and three in the afternoon of that day ; and further, that the body of the said John be delivered over by the said sheriff to Frederick Delano for dissection." The sentence was duly executed, the Indian pleading earnestly to be shot, which the law would not permit. The Indian carried with him upon the scaffold pipes and tobacco, and in answer to the question why he did it, replied that they were to smoke the " pipe of peace" with Mr. Crane in the spirit world. Why he wished to do this the sequel will show. Ezekiel Crane, the murdered man, was killed by mistake, the Indian supposing him to be another man. Crane was one of the earlier and more prosperous settlers in the town of Tyre, now in Seneca, but then in this County. At that time the settlers were sparse and widely separated, and the Indians frequently came to their cabins in quest of food, tobacco, or " fire-water." Among them was an old Indian called Delaware John who lived in the vicinity. He was of irascible temper and a full believer in the superstition of witch-craft, so common among the natives. He was a very skillful, and, hitherto, had been a successful hunter. Late in the autumn of 1803, a settler of the name of George Phadoc and Delaware John agreed to go out together to lay in their winter supply of game. Phadoc was very successful, killing a large number of deer and other game ; while the Indian, from some unexplained cause, failed in nearly every shot he made. He was sulky and silent, his anger arose to an uncontrollable degree under the belief that Phadoc had bewitched his gun, and the old superstition that it was allowable to kill witches, took possession of him. He planned Phadoc's death. They returned home on the 11th of December. On the following morning Phadoc brought home a deer which he had killed the evening before, and when near his cabin, and as he was about to lay it down, the Indian fired and only slightly wounded him, the ball first passing through the game. Phadoc fled to the house of Asa Smith, a neighbor, and gave the alarm. Meanwhile Ezekiel Crane, followed by his man Ezra Degarmo, approached Phadoc's cabin to get some venison, ignorant of what had happened. Supposing Crane to be Phadoc returned home, the Indian pierced him with a ball, which proved fatal a few days after. Degarrno fled and carried the news to the family of Mr. Crane. The alarm spread, and toward evening, the neighbors gathered and surrounded the hut of " old John," who, after considerable bluster, consented to a parley. He was then disarmed, bound and confined in the log jail at Cayuga until the intensely cold weather set in, when be was removed to the jail at Canandaigua, whence he was taken to Aurora for trial. This was the first homicide in Cayuga County, but not committed by a settler. It resulted from the impulses of a wild Indian superstition and was the only Indian murder of the settlers of the County. The second homicide in the County was committed by a man named David Williams who was finally decreed to be insane. The case was tried before Daniel D. Tompkins at a court held at the Academy in Aurora in 1805. He was at first declared sane by a jury impanelIed to try the question, and convicted and sentenced to be executed, but on a review of the case on appeal, Williams was adjudged to be a lunatic, and con-fined in the Bloomingdale asylum where he died. The victim of his mania was James Lane. Seneca county was detached from Cayuga, March 27, 1804, which so materially changed the location of the people relatively to the places where the courts had been held, as to necessitate a change to a more central position. A law was surreptitiously enacted by which the site of the Court House was fixed at Sherwood Corners in the town of Scipio and a provision was inserted, directing the raising of $1,500 for building a Court House at that point, and appointing John Tillottson, Augustus Chidsey and John Grover commissioners to build it. This action of the Legislature was very unsatisfactory to a large part of the people of the County and their opposition to the location was so decidedly manifested, that the commissioners above named suspended action and the obnoxious law was repealed. On the 16th day of March, 1804, three other commissioners were appointed with power to locate the county seat. They were Edward Savage, James Burt and James Hildreth, men residing in other parts of the State and free from personal bias. In June following, they designated Hardenbergh's Corners as the site of the court house, much to the gratification of its citizensand equally to the disappointment and disgust of their many rivals, Aurora, Sherwood, Cayuga and Levanna. The condition of the location required the gift by the locality, of an acre of land on what was then the farm of William Bostwick, which was readily acceded to, he receiving from a few citizens $200 for the plat on which are now located our county buildings. From the location of the site for several years a controversy was maintained with the super-visors, who refused to levy the tax for erecting the necessary buildings. The citizens were, however, determined and finally began the erection of a court house with their own funds, taking meanwhile the necessary steps to compel the supervisors to raise the tax by procuring the pas-sage of a law imposing a fine of $200 upon each supervisor refusing to levy the tax. This legislation was effective, the tax was raised, and the court house completed in 1809, at a cost of $10,000. It was built of wood, the jail in the first, and the court room in the second story, the latter consisting of hewn logs. As yet no clerk's office had been erected. While the work of building the court house had been suspended, the courts were continued at Aurora. The records of the County were brought to Auburn in 1807, by the then county clerk, Peter Hughes, and kept in his house, no* the residence of C. L. George, M. D., and they were so kept until the clerk's office was built in 1814. The present stone court house was projected in 1835, during the wildest period of the "flush" that immediately preceded the panic of 1837. It was of course intended to be a magnificent affair, in harmony with the spirit of the times, for the city and County, in the estimation of the people, were then rich and able to gratify all their ambitious tastes. It had been intended to surmount the already overcumbered dome with a statue of Justice, and Liberty and Temperance were to adorn the portico, but the financial crash of 1837 changed the plan. The building cost about $30,000 and is an architectural deformity, a continual offense to the educated eye. It was, for many years, an equal offense to the auditors, as its internal arrangements were such as to produce a perfect medley of sounds, impossible of comprehension; its interior has been so changed as to obviate most of the old acoustic difficulties. The first County Court in Auburn was held in the new and unfinished Court House in May, 18o8. The preceding January term had been held at Aurora. The presiding Judge was Elijah Price; Barnabas Smith and Charles Kellogg, were the justices. At this court the following were the Grand-Jurors: Moses Lyon, Edward Stevenson, John Walters, Dan. Hyde, John Patty, Noah Olmstead Jr., Shadrach Terry, Robert Dill, Ebenezer Higgins, Parsons Clarke, Ruben Bierg, William Branch, Amos Tyler, Nathaniel Garrow, Epaphroditus Strong, Calvin Cole, Edward Wheeler, Roswell Franklin, Samuel Chidsey, Jonathan Russell, Gilbert Tracy. The first circuit court was held in Auburn by Ambrose Spencer, in July, 1808. CAYUGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST. Cayuga County holds a distinguished position in the civil list, having furnished a President of the United States, Millard Fillmore, who was elected Vice-President in 1848, and succeeded Zachary. Taylor, as President, on the death of the latter, July 9, 1850, holding the office the remainder of the term ; two Governors of New York State, Enos T. Throop, elected in 1830, and Wm. H. Seward, elected in 1838, and re-elected in 1840, the latter of whom was also appointed Secretary of State in President Lincoln's cabinet, March 5, 1861, arid held that office till 1869; two Canal Appraisers, Allen Warden, who was appointed April 18, 1840, and held the office three years, and Wm. Wasson, who was appointed April 5, 1855, and again April 27, 1865; a Diplomatic Officer, Enos T. Throop, who was appointed Charge d'Affaires to the Two Sicilies, February 6, 1838; an Associate Judge of Colorado, Benjamin F. Hall, who was appointed March 25, 1861; a United States Marshal for the Northern District of New York, Nathaniel Garrow, who was appointed February 25, 1837, and again June 27, 1841; a Quartermaster-General on the Staff of the Commanderin-Chief of the State of New York, John N. Knapp, who was appointed January 1, 1873; a Secretary of State, Christopher Morgan, who was appointed November 2, 1847; a State Treasurer, Charles N. Ross, who was appointed November 2, 1875; and a State Assessor, John S. Fowler, who was appointed February 19, 1873. JUSTICES OF' THE SUPREME COURT. Cayuga County has been represented in this court by three judges only - Enos T. Throop, in 1823; John Maynard, from January 7, 1847, till his death, March 24, 1850; and Charles C. Dwight, appointed in place of Judge Wells. deceased, in 1868; elected for full term in 1869, and reelected in 1817. COUNTY JUDGES. While Cayuga County formed a part of Onondaga county, Seth Phelps, residing at Aurora, was appointed County Judge in 1794, and on the organization of Cayuga County, was continued in the same office here. His successors have been as follows: Walter Wood, February 26, 1810. Elijah Miller, March 13, 1817. Gershom Powers, January 31, 1823. Joseph L. Richardson, January 8, 1827. In 1846, the county judges were made elective and their terms of office four years. Since then the following have been the judges: John P. Hulbert, June, 1847; George Humphreys, November, 1851; Charles C. Dwight, November, 1859; William Hughitt, November, 1863; S. Edwin Day, November, 1877. SPECIAL JUDGES. The office of Special Judge is authorized by the State Constitution, and was created in this County by an act of the Legislature passed April Loth, 1849, the term being three years. It is an elective office and has been filled by the following named individuals, who were elected in November, as follows : Charles J. Hulbert, 1852; Fayette G. Day, 1857; Amzi Wood, 1863; William B. Mills, 1872; Reuben F. Hoff, 1874; Frank M. Parsons, 1877. SURROGATES. These officers, previous to 1821, were designated by the Council of Appointment; from 1821 to 1846 by the Governor and Senate; and since the latter date have been elective by the people. Moses De Witt, appointed March 14, 1794 and Thomas Mumford, October 1, 1797, were the Onondaga County Surrogates. CAYUGA SURROGATES. Glen Cuyler, March 14, 1799; Eleazer Burnham, February 5, 1811; Glen Cuyler, February 26, 1813; Eleazer Burnham, February 28, 1815; Seneca Wood, June 7, 1820; Benjamin L. Cuyler, February 14, 1821; John Porter, March 12, 1828; Thomas Y. How, Jr., March 18, 1836; George H. Wood, April 14, 1840; Charles B. Perry, February 15, 1844; Jacob R. How, June, 1847; William B. Woodin, November, 1859; John T. M. Davie, November, 1871. SPECIAL SURROGATES. The office of Special Surrogate, like that of Special Judge, is authorized by the State Constitution, and was created at the same time, in the same manner and for a like period as the Iatter. It also is elective and has been held by the following named persons, who were elected in November, as follows : Solomon Giles, 1852; Campbell W. Haynes, 1855; John T. M. Davie, 1861; Gardiner C. Gifford, 1867; John T. M. Davie, 1870; Richard C. Steel, 1871; James A. Wright, 1877. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. These officers are now elected by the people for three years, one in each county. Previous to 1818 the district in charge of a single attorney was large, including several counties. The following have been the attorneys for Cayuga County at the specified dates: William Stuart, appointed March 2, 1802; Daniel W. Lewis, March 9, 1810; William Stuart, February 12, 1811; Vincent Matthews, March 12, 1813; Daniel Conger, April 17, 1815; Joseph L. Richardson, January I I, 1818; John Porter, February 14, 1821; Theodore Spencer, 1828; Richard L. Smith, January 21, 1832; Michael S. Myers, January 25, 1838; Dennison Robinson, January 27, 1841; Luman Sherwood, June 3, 1844; Ebenezer W. Arms, January 1847; Theodore M. Pomeroy, November, 1850; Solomon Giles, November, 1856; George I. Post, November, 1859; Richard C. Steel, November, 1862; Charles C. Dwight, (appointed) March 27, 1866; Wm. B. Mills, November, 1866; Sereno E. Payne, November, 1872, SHERIFFS. While Cayuga formed a part of Onondaga, previous to March 8, 1799, the following were the sheriffs: John Harris, appointed March 14, 1794; Abiather Hull, February 9, 1796; Comfort Tyler, February 27, 1798. CAYUGA COUNTY. Joseph Annin, appointed March 14, 1799; Peter Hughes, August to, 1801; Solomon Buell, January 13, 1804; John S. C. Dewitt, March 13, 1806; Jonathan Richmond, February 24, 1808; Zenas Goodrich, February 11, 1812; Charles E. Morrell, March 3, 1813; Nathaniel Garrow, February 28, 1815; Archibald Green, February 13, 1819; Nathaniel Garrow, February 12, 1821. At the latter date the office was made elective, and the term three years, the incumbent being ineligible to the office for the next succeeding term. Nathaniel Garrow, elected November, 1822; Archibald Green, November, 1825; Peleg Gallup, November, 1828; Peter Yawger, November, 1831; Warren Parsons, November, 1834; George H. Carr, March 30, 1838, to fill vacancy; Augustus Pettibone, November, 1844; Joseph P. Swift, November, 1847; Stephen Fancher, November, 1850; John T. Knapp, December, 1852, to fill vacancy; John T. Knapp, November, 1853; Edwin P. Hoskins, November, 1856; Daniel D. Buck, November, 1859; James Mead, November, 1862; Sidney Mead, November, 1865; John E. Savery, November, 1868; John G. Hosmer, November, 1871; Andrew J. Sanders, November, 1874; Thomas Reed, 1817. CLERKS OF CAYUGA COUNTY. County Clerks are now elected for three years and their seals are declared to be those of the Supreme Court in their respective counties. ONONDAGA County, Benjamin Ledyard, appointed March 14, 1794. CAYUGA COUNTY.- Benjamin Ledyard, appointed March 14, 1799; Peter Hughes, January 13, 1804; Enos T. Throop, February 5, 1811; Elijah Miller, February 26, 1813; Enos T. Throop, February 13, 1815; James Glover, March 2, 1819; George B. Throop, February 14, 1821; George B. Throop, November, 1822; Abraham Gridley, November, 1825; Michael S. Myers, November, 1828; William Richardson, November, 1837; Philip Van Arsdale, November, 1843; Ebenezer B. Cobb, November, 1846; Edwin B. Marvin, November, 1852; Benjamin B. Snow, November, 1858; John S. Lanehart, November, 1864; Lyman C. Comstock, November, 1870; Sidney J. Westfall, November, 1876. STATE SENATORS. The Counties of Cayuga and Wayne now form the Twenty-fifth Senatorial District, and Sena-tors are elected for two years. Under the second Constitution, that of 1821, Cayuga formed a part of the Seventh District, which included the Counties of Cayuga, Onondaga, Ontario, Yates, Wayne and Cortland, and senators were elected for four years. Under the first Constitution, Cayuga was in what was called the "Western District," embracing a territory which now contains over twenty counties. Under this Constitution the territory of Cayuga County supplied but four Senators, namely: John Richardson, Aurelius, 1797; Seth Phelps, Scipio, 1798; Joseph Annin, Aurelius, 1803 ; and Lyman Paine, Auburn, 1820. In 1823 the following were the Senators from the Seventh District : Silas Bowker, Bryan Green, Jesse Clark, Jonas Earll, Jr.; in 1824, the Senator elect was Jedediah Morgan; 1825, John C. Spencer; 1826, Truman Hart; 1827, William M. Oliver; 1828, George B. Throop; 1829, Hiram F. Mather; 1830, Thomas Armstrong ; 1831, William H. Seward; 1832, Jehiel H. Halsey; 1833, Samuel L. Edwards 1834, Thomas Armstrong; 1835, Chester Loomis; 1836, John Beardsley; 1837, Samuel L. Edwards; 1838, John Maynard; 1839, Robert C. Nicholas; 1840, Mark H. Sibley 1841, Elijah Rhoades; 1842, Lyman Sherwood and William Bartlit; 1843, John Porter; 1844, Albert Lester; 1845, Henry J. Sedgwick; 1846, Richard H. Williams; 1847, Abraham Gridley; 1848, William I. Cornwell; 1849, William Beach; 1853, William Clarke; 1855, Samuel C. Cuyler; 1857, Alexander B. Williams; 1861, Chauncey M. Abbott; 1863, Stephen K. Williams; 1869, William B. Woodin; 1877, Theodore M. Pomeroy. MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY. As the ratio of the population of the County tothat of the rest of the State was varied, so has her representation in the Assembly, the extremes having been one and four. She has now two members, elected annually by districts. ONONDAGA COUNTY. 1797, Silas Halsey, Comfort Tyler; 1798, same; 1799, Edward Paine, John Richardson. CAYUGA COUNTY. 1800, and 1801, Silas Halsey; 1802, Salmon Buel; 1803, Salmon Buel, Silas Halsey, Thomas Hewitt; 1804, Silas Halsey, Thomas Hewitt, Amos Rathbun; 1805, John Grover Jr., Amos Rathbun; 1806, the same; 1807, the same; 1808, Elijah Price, Richard Townley; 1809, Henry Bloom, Ebenezer Hewitt, Charles Kellogg; 1810, Henry Bloom, Charles Kellogg, Stephen Close; 1811, Stephen Close, Ebenezer Hewitt, Elisha Durkee; 1812, Stephen Close, Humphrey Howland, Thomas Ludlow; 1813,Wm. C. Bennett, Thomas Ludlow, William Satterlee; 1814, William C. Bennett, William Satterlee, Silas Bowker; 1815, John H. Beach, Silas Bowker, Barnabas Smith; 1816, John H. Beach, John Brown, Jr., John McFadden, Barnabas Smith; 1817, John H. Beach, John Brown Jr., John McFadden, Rowland Day; 1818, William Clark 2d, Thatcher I. Ferris, Isaac Smith; 1819, William Allen, Elijah Devoe, Henry Polhemus; 1820, William Allen, Samuel Dill, John Haring; 1821, John Haring, Charles Kellogg, Henry Polhemus; 1822, Samuel Dill, Charles Kellogg, Ephraim C. Marsh; 1823, Josiah Bevier, Elijah Drake, John Jackway, John O'Hara; 1824, Josiah Bevier, Silas Bowker, Asahel Fitch, Augustus F. Ferris; 1825, Elijah Devoe, Roswell Enos, John W. Hulbert, Ephraim C. Marsh; 1826, Eleazer Burnham, Aaron Dennis, Thatcher I. Ferris, Campbell Waldo; 1827, James Kenyon, Gardner Kortright, Andrews Preston, Peter Yawger; 1828, Henry R. Brinckerhoff, Philo Sperry, Gardner Kortright, William H. Noble; 1829, Henry R. Brinckerhoff, William H. Noble, Wing Taber, Ephraim Hammond; 1830, EphraimHammond, Solomon Love, William H. Noble, Richard L. Smith; 1831, Solomon Love, Elias Manchester, George S. Tilford, Peter Yawger; 1832, John Beardsley, George H. Brinckerhoff, John W. Sawyer, George S. Tilford; 1833, John Beardsley, George H. Brinckerhoff, John W. Sawyer, Simon Lathrop; 1834, Dennis Arnold, Cornelius Cuykendall, Andrew Groom, Noyes Palmer; 1835, Cornelius Cuykendall, Andrew Groom, Noyes Palmer, Andrews Preston; 1836, Dennis Arnold, Charles E. Shepard, Richard L. Smith, William Wilbur; 18J7, Curtiss C. Cady, Charles E. Shepard, William Wilbur; 1838, Henry R. Filley, Isaac S. Miller, Nathan G. Morgan; 18J9, Nathan G. Morgan, Henry R. Filley, John McIntosh; 1840, Artemas Cady, John W. McFadden, Andrews Preston; 1841, Darius Adams, Osman Rhoades, John W. McFadden; 1842, John L. Cuyler, Vincent Kenyon, Alvarez Tupper; 1843, Vincent Kenyon, Alfred Lyon, Darius Monroe; 1844, Ashbel Avery, Benj. F. Hall, Robert Hume; 1845, David Gould, Leonard Searing, William Titus; 1846, Samuel Bell, William I. Cornwell, John T. Rathbun; 1847, Samuel Bell, William I. Cornwell, John T. Rathbun; 1848, Ebenezer Curtis, John I. Brinckerhoff, Hector C. Tuthill; 1849, James D. Button, John I. Brinckerhofi Hector C. Tuthill; 185o, Hiram Coon, John Richardson, Ashbel Avery; 1851, Levi Colvin, George Underwood, Delos Bradley; 1852, William Hayden, George Underwood, Delos Bradley; 1853, William Hayden, Terance J. Kennedy, Mathias Hutchinson; 1854, Justus Townsend, Moseley Hutchinson, Mathias Hutchinson; 1855, Moore Conger, David L. Dodge, William B. Woodin; 1856, Sardis Dudley, Leonard Simons, Tolbert Powers; 1857, James J. Owen, Theodore M. Pomeroy, Hiram Tift; 1858, David B. Baldwin, Chauncey M. Abbott; 1859, William W. Payne, Chauncey M. Abbott; 1860, William W. Payne, Allen D. Morgan; 1861, Heman Benton, Smith Anthony; 1862, William A. Halsey, Smith Anthony; 1863, George I. Post, William P. Robinson; 1864, Benjamin M. Close, Wm. P. Robinson ; 1865, Benjamin M. Close, John L. Parker ; 1866-'67, Homer N. Lockwood, John L. Parker; 1868-'69, Charles H. Weed, Sanford Gifford; 1870, Wm. H. Eaker, Stephen S. Hewitt; 1871, Charles H. Curtis, Stephen S. Hewitt; 1872, Ira D. Brown, Elijah E. Brown; 1873, Leonard F. Hardy, Elijah E. Brown; 1874, Leonard F. Hardy, Erastus H. Hussey; 1875, C. S. Beardsley, jr., Erastus H. Hussey; 1876, George I. Post, John S. Brown; 1877, George I. Post, John S. Brown; 1878, Howell B. Converse, William L. Noyes. DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. Silas Halsey represented Cayuga County inthe first Constitutional convention in 18or. In T821, the second convention, Cayuga had three delegates, namely : David Brinckerhoff, Rowland Day, Augustus F. Ferris. In that of 1846, the County had also three delegates : Daniel John Shaw, Elisha W. Sheldon, and Peter Yawger. A fourth Constitutional convention was held in 1867, and over six months devoted to the consideration of pro-posed changes in the fundamental laws, but it did not complete its work. In that convention the delegates were Charles C. Dwight and George Rathbun. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. Cayuga County has been represented in the Electoral college as follows: 1812 Jotham Jayne; 1816, Richard Townley; 1824, Eleazer Burnham; 1828, Asaph Stowe; 1832, Seth Thomas; Elector-at-large, same year Nathaniel Garrow; 1836, Peleg Slade; 1840, Albert Crane; 1844, Daniel Hibbard; 1848, Stephen Fancher; 1852, William C. Beardsley; 1856, Eleazer Burnham; 186o, William Van Marter; 1864, John E. Seeley; 1868, James Mc Lean; 1872, John H. Camp; 1876, George W. Knowles. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. The following have been the representatives from Cayuga County in the Congress of the United States at the times and for the periods named : Silas HaIsey - 1806-'08, two years. Daniel Avery - 1811-13, Enos F. Throop - 1815-17 Nathaniel Garrow - 1827-'29 Gershom Powers - 1829-'31 Ulysses F. Doubleday - 1831-'33-'35-'37, four years Thomas Y. How, Jr., 1833-'35, two Christopher Morgan- 1839-'41, two George Rathbun - 1843-'47, four Edwin B. Morgan - 1853-'59, six Theodore M. Pomeroy - 1861-'69, eight Clinton D. McDougall - 1873-'77, four SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS AND COMMISSIGNERS. By an act passed April 17, 1843, the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties were directed to appoint County Superintendents of Common Schools, and Elliot G. Storke was selected for the office in Cayuga County. The office was abolished March 13, 1847, and in 1856, (chapter 179, Laws of 1856,) the office of School Commissioner was created and made elective. The first election under the act creating the office, was held in November, 1859. The office has been held in Cayuga County by Jordan R. Chappell, Joshua C. Goodrich, David Currie, Howard Thompson, Israel Wilkinson, Robert L. Drummond, Samuel A. Cole, Hulbert Daratt, Albert W. Morehouse, Ezra Dean, William Hart, William G. Ellery, John S. Bristol, Leonard F. Hardy, Charles. H. Greenfield, Wesley Mason, Eli N. Botsford, Alanson Boughton, Phineas B. Young, Archibald Mc Intosh, Jr., Lewis V. Smith, Lauren M. Townsend, Albert W. More-house, Wesley Mason and Benjamin B. Snow, the latter three of whom are the present incumbents. COUNTY TREASURERS County Treasurers are elected, under the Constitution of 1846, for a term of three years. They were formerly appointed by the Boards of Supervisors in the several counties. Horace T. Cook was elected to that office in November, 1848, and has been reelected every subsequent term. INSPECTORS OF AUBURN PRISON. Name. Name - date of appointment Ashby, Benjamin Febr'y 7, 1840 Brown, Samuel March 2, 1843 Cady, Artemas April 16, 1822 Cook, Robert April 23, 1839 Dennis, Seneca B. April 10, 1818 Doubleday, Ulysses F. Febr'y 25, 1834 Fitch, Charles D. May 3, 1845 Fosdick, Peter G. Febr'y 7, 1840 Garrow, John Febr'y 25, 1834 Gilmore, Samuel May 3, 1845 Goodwin, Stephen A. March 2, 1843 Hardenburgh, John H. March 28, 1848 Haskins, Joshua April 10, 1838 Hills, Horace March 13, 1824 Hills, Horace April 2, 1830 Hills, Horace April 6, 1832 Hinman, Hervey April 6, 1832 How, Thomas Y. Jr. Febr'y 25, 1834 Howland, Ellery A. Febr'y 7, 1840 Ivison, Henry Jr. April 18, 1840 Jewett, Freeborn G. April 10, 1838 Lounsbury, Willet April 10, 1838 Lyon, Harvey Febr'y 7, 1840 Myers, Michael S. March 2, 1843 Noble, William H. March 2, 1843 Palmer, Eleazer R. May 3, 1845 Polhemus, Henry May 8, 1839 Potter, John April 6, 1832 Powers, Gersham April 2, 1830 Rice, Woodin March 13, 1824 Rice, Woodin April 16, 1827 Sherwood, Luman May 3, 1845 Tuttle, Bradley April 6, 1832 Tuttle, Bradley Febr'y 25, 1834 Van Duzen, Horatio April 10, 1838 Weed, Walter March 13, 1824 Weed, Walter April 16, 1827 Weed, Walter April 2, 1830 Wheeler, Elijah March 2, 1843 Williams, Ezekiel March 13, 1824 Williams, Ezekiel April 16, 1827 Williams, Ezekiel April 24, 1830 Williams, Ezekiel April 6, 1832 Williams, Ezekiel Febr'y 25, 1834 Wilson, Jared May 10, 1835 Previous to 1846 the office of Prison Inspector was appointive, the power of appointment having been conferred on the Governor and Council of Appointment, April 2, 1819, and on the Governor and Senate, April 19, 1823. The Constitution of 1846 made the office elective, and provided for the election of three Inspectors; to hold office for three years, one of whom was to be elected annually. Only two from this County held the office under this law, viz : David D. McNeil, who was elected November 3, 1868, and Thomas Kirkpatrick, who was elected November 7, 1871. The office was abolished on the appointment of Superintendent of Prisons, February 16, 1877, in pursuance of an amendment to the Constitution, approved and ratified at the general election, held November 7, 1876. This amendment makes the office appointive, and relegates the power of appointment back to the Governor and Senate.