OHIO STATEWIDE FILES - HISTORY: PART 1 (Abbott, John S. C., 1875) *************************************************************************** OHGENWEB NOTICE: All distribution rights to this electronic data are reserved by the submitter. Reproduction or re-presentation of copyrighted material will require the permission of the copyright owner. The submitter has given permission to the USGenWeb Archives to store the file permanently for free access. *************************************************************************** File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by Kay L. Mason keziah63@yahoo.com July 13, 1999 *************************************************************************** THE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO from the DISCOVERY OF THE GREAT VALLEY, TO THE PRESENT TIME; including Narratives of Early Explorations; the Struggles between France and England For the Possessionn Of The Valley; The Wars With The Indians; Organization Of the State; The Adventures of the Early Emigrants; Life in the Solitudes of the Wilderness; Biographical Sketches of All the Gov- ernors of Ohio, and of Many Others of her Most Illustrious Sons; And most of the Important Events Attending the Birth, Growth and Maturity of a State Now Truly Imperial in Popula- tion, Wealth and Power. By John S. C. Abbott Author of the Life of Napoleon; The History of Frederick the Great; Lives of the Presidents, Etc., Etc. With numerous illustrations DETROIT Northwestern Publishing Company Sold exclusively by R. D. S. Tyler & Co., Subscription Book Publishers, Detroit, Mich. 1875 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year Eighteen Hundred and Seventy-four, by Thomson J. Hudson and William H. Little in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. DEDICATION TO THE YOUNG MEN OF OHIO who have Received from their fathers the rich inheritance of one of the fairest realms upon whicht the sun now shines, this volume, which is intended to perpetuate the memory of their heroic achievements, is respectfully dedicated, by JOHN S. C. ABBOTT PREFACE The History of Ohio, not only necessarily includes the early history of the Northwestern Territory, but of the whole of that valley, of the beautiful river, whose extended realm is now divided into the States of West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana. In this wild and wondrous story Michigan also occupies a con- spicuous position The State of Ohio extends two hundred and ten miles from north to south, and two hundred miles from east to west. It con- tains forty thousand square miles, which is equivalent to twenty- five million six hundred thousand acres. On the south it has a navigable frontier, through the windings of the majestic river, of four hundred and thirty miles. On the north is has a lake shore, two hundred miles in length, opening water communication with almost illimitable realms of the interior, through vast inland seas, and inviting commerce, through the St. Lawrence, with all the ports of the habitable globe. Nearly three millions, of an intelligent, industrious, and moral community, people this fair domain. A more favored realm can- not be found on earth. Three-fourths of a century ago it was a howling wilderness. Now, in population, wealth and power, it is the third State of the American Union. It is the object of the author, in this volume, to record the won- derful adventures by which this great achievement has been effected. It would be difficult to find a narrative more full of all the elements of a thrilling interest. We follow the early explorers through the trails of the wilderness, which the moccasined foot of the Indian has trodden for uncounted centuries. We drift, with the missionary, in his birch canoe, paddled by his Indian guide, through hundreds of leagues of unknown rivers. We sit with the hardy adventurer, at midnight, by his camp-file, as, far away in the wilderness, he listens to the wailings of the storm, the howl of the wolf, and perhaps to the war whoop of the savage. We accompany the bold emigrant, in his long, long journey, over Allegheny ridges, and thorugh forest glooms, to his lonely hut, where solitude and silence, in all their awfulness, reign. We are introduced to the plumed and painted savage, and, at one time, in his lodge, partake of his hospitality as a friend; and again we meet hime and his fellow warriors, as they brandish tomahawk and scapling knife, in the horrid battle, makng the forest resound with their demoniac yells. It is through such scenes of tumult and suffering that Ohio has attained its present exalted position and power. And these are the scenes of heroic achievement and wondrous adventures which the writer of this volume would attempt to rescue from the obliv- ion in which the fast revolving years threaten to engulf them. JOHN S. C. ABBOTT Fair Haven, Connecticut TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I: The Great Valley. Discovery of America-Of Florida-Sebastian Cabot-The French Enter the St. Lawrence-Adventures of Marquette-Ex- ploring tour of LaSalle-French Military Post in the Great Valley- Jealousy of the English-Conflicting Claims-Location of the French on the Lakes-The Barrier of the Alleghanies-Romantic Stories of the Great Valley-Adventures of Daniel Boone Chapter II: Conflicting Claims of France and England. The Return of Squire Boone-The Emigrating Company-Claims of the French-Expeditions from Canada-Mission of Christopher Gist-Peculiar Festivals-Conflict at the Miami-Heroic Feat of George Washington-His Early Days-Journey Through the Wilderness-Extracts from Washington's Journal-Lord Fair- fax-Washington Commissioned as Major-His Perilous Undertaking-Melan- choly Adventure Chapter III: Expulsion of the French. Embarrassments of Washington- His Views of Profanily-The Outburst of War-Braddock's Expedition-The Unheeded Warnings of Washington-The Ambush-Defeat of Braddock-Testi- mony of Colonel Smith-Policy of the French-Employment of Indian Allies- Scenes Witnessed by Washington-Capture of Fort Duquesne-The Cherokee War-Testimony of Colonel Marion-Speech of Allakulla Chapter IV: Life Among the Ohio Indians. Capture of James Smith-Scenes at Fort Duquesne-Running the Gauntlet-The Torture-Ceremony of Adoption An Indian Dance-The Stratagem of Buffalo Hoofs- Lost in the Wood- The Punishment of Degredation-Men and Women's Work-The Game of Foot- ball-Indian Hospitality-Powers of Endurance-Attempt to Run Down a Horse Chapter V: Indian Manners and Customs. Parental Discipline-The Igno- miny of Whipping-Remarkable Act of the Conjuror-Indian Military Dis- cipline-Braddock's Folly-Hunting Adventure-A Night in the Hollow Tree Escape-Reception at the Camp-Speech of the Indian Chief-The Intemper- ate Carousal-A Hunting Expedition-Fortitude of Te-caugh-ne-ta-ne-go -Providential Deliverance-Piety and Prayer of the Aged Chief Chapter VI: The Pontiac War. Origin of Pontiac-Establishment of De- troit-Love of The Indians for the French-Meeting of Major Rogers and Pontiac-Haughtiness of the Chief-Anecdote of Mr. Henry-Remarkable speech of Minavavana-The Arrogance of the English-Forsight of Pontiac-The Conspiracy Sagacity of Pontiac-Execution of the Plot-The Maumee Fort-The Fall of Presque Isle-Capture of Michilimackinac-The Adventures at Detroit Chapter VII: Siege of Detroit. Assault of the Fort-The Conference -Progress of the Siege-Disaster to the Barges-Bitter Disappointment -Escape of a Boat-The Re-enforcement-Defeat of the Canoes-Indian Fire Rafts-Terror at the Frontiers-Assassination of Major Campbell-Arrival of Re-enforcements-Shrewdness of Pontiac-The Ambush-Peace-Movements of Pontiac-Extracts from Letters-Anecdotes of Pontiac-Eloquent Speech Assassination of Pontiac-Grandeur of the Great Valley-The Beautiful River Chapter VIII: Lord Dunmore's War. The Ohio Land Company-The French and Indian Treaty- Exchange of Prisoners-Speech of Lawangqua-Indian Reception of Mr. Croghan-English Injustice-Purchase of Sir William Johnson-Cresap's Villany-Murders by Greathouse-Indian Revenge-Plan of Lord Dunmore-Route of General Lewis-The Hocking and Scioto-Lewis' fight with the Indians-Ancient Poetry-Route of Lord Dunmore-His Prep- arations-Speech of Corn Planter-Logan-Treaty of Lord Dunmore-Death of Logan-Ability and Eloquence of Cornstalk-Authenticity of Logan's Speech Chapter IX: Battles on the Frontier. Dissatisfaction with Lord Dunmore -Conduct of Great Britain-Indian Eloquence-Efforts of Colonel Morgan -Infamous Conduct of Captain Arbuckle-Indian Murder, and Cruel Revenge -Tory Villany-Death of Cornstalk-Rev. Mr. Heckewelder-Spirited Address of the Delaware Chief-Death of White Eyes-His Character-Remarkable Speech of Chieftain Pipe-Simon Girty, the Tory-The Siege of Fort Hen- ry-Heroism of Elizabeth Zane-Wonderful Escape of General McCullock -The Siege Raised Chapter X: The Indians of the Ohio Valley. Letter of Benjamin Franklin -British Efforts with the Iroquois-Grand Council at Oswego-Daniel Boone and his Colony-Making Salt-Boone's Capture-His Treatment by British Officers-His Adoption-Life with the Savages-New Cause of Alarm to Boone-His Escape and Arrival at Boonesborough-Measures for Deference Affair near Paint Creek-March of the Army-Demand of Captain Duquesne His Treachery-The Siege-Words of Defiance Chapter XI: Disaster and Revenge. Council and Booneborough- Perfidy of Blackfish-The Treachery Thwarted-Proposed Terms of Capitulation Renewal of the Battle-Honest Loyalty of Boone-Site of the Fort-Retreat of the Savages-Their Chagrin-The Disaster to Colonel Rogers-Expedi- tion of Colonel Bowman-Entire Failure-Early History of Simon Kenton- Surprised by the Indians-The Hut in the Wilderness-Attractive Scene- Singular Conflict with a White Man-Visit to Boonesborough-Kenton saves the life of Boone-Awful of Williams-Captivity of Kenton-His Terrible Sufferings-The Serene Evening of His Life-His Christian Death Chapter XII: Massacre on the Tuscarawas and Defeat on the Sandusky. Civilization of the Tuscarawas-Iniquitous Proceedings of the Colonists Against the Christian Indians-Accounts of the Horrible Massacre- Further Cruelties of Williamson-Expedition against the Wyandots-Logan's Spring-Interesting Anecdote-Captain Maclay and His Wager-Lovely Char- actor of Logan-His Address in Council-Reson for His Change of Feeling -March of Vengence-Disappointment of Williamson's party-Fierce Battle- Colonel Crawford and Dr. Knight Captured-Remarkable Conversation Be- tween Colonel Crawford and the Wyandot Chief-Emigration Chapter XIII: Battles in Kentucky. Byrd's Expedition-Sacking Ruggles Station-Indian Atrocities-Responsibility of the English-Sack of Martin's Fort-The Ambuscade-New Army Organized at Detroit-The Attack Upon Bryant's Station-Heroic Defense-Description of the Fort-Heroism of the Women-The Re-enforcement-The Ambush-Simon Girty Demands Surren- der-The Piquant Response-Retreat of the Savages-Dreadful Slaughter At The Blue Licks-Escape of Boone-His Testimony Chapter XIV: Emigration and Its results. Anecdote of General Clarke- Raid Through the Valley of the Little Miami-Flight of the Savages-The Devastation-Peace with England-Continued Hostility of the Indians-The Tide of Emigration-Land Titles-The Treaty of Peace-Policy of the Fed- eral Government-Treaty With the Chiefs-The Theft of Horses-Greatness of the Loss-Perils of Emigration-Warning to Colonel Marshall-The Decoy Escape of Captain Ward-Perilous Adventure of Mr. Rowan and party-Test- imony of Mr. Rowan's Son-Mr. Dalton's Speech-Reply of the Chief Chapter XV: Border Warfare and Emigration. John Corbly's Letter-Plots of British Traders-Expeditions of Generals Clarke and Logan-Success of Logan-Simon Kenton's Energy-The Devastation-General Clarke's Dis- asters-Renewed Hostility of the Shawanese-Raid of Simon Kenton-Perils on the River-Events of Three Months-The Treaty in Paris-Erection of Fort Harmar-Peace Policy of the United States-The Ohio Company-Symmes' Purchase-The Settlement at Marietta-The Campus Martius Chapter XVI: The Miami Settlements. The Emigrants' Journey-The First Settlement-The Founding of Losanteville-Judge Symmes Settles at North Bend-Jealousy of the Indians-Explanation of the Judge-The Stolen Horses and the Retaliation-The Three Villages-Anecdote of Ensign Luce-Fort Washington-Government Organization-The First Culprit-Growth of Cin- cinnati-The Reign of Terror-Harmar's Expedition-Exultation of the Savages-Disastrous Effects of the Campaign-Peril of the Frontiersmen Chapter XVII: Governor Arthur St. Clair's Defeat. Governor St. Clair, Commander-in-Chief-Kentucky Troops Desert-General St. Clair's Encamp- ment-Indian Sagacity-Terrible Attack on The Militia-Colonel Drake's Charge-General St. Clair's Report of the Battle-Loss of the Americans -Account of Major Jacobs-Thrilling Incidents-Captain Littell's Escapes -Indian Torture-Reasons for Indian Success-Little Turtle and Volney- Buckgahelas-Blue Jacket Chapter XVIII: The Campaign of Wayne. Sketch of Arthur St. Clair- Effect of His Defeat-Expedition of General Scott-Growing Importance of Cincinnati-New Expedition-Anthony Wayne-Employment of Spies-Inci- dents-Indian Demands-American Defeat-Fort Recovery-Position of Fort Defiance-Its Strength-Proclamation of Lord Dorchester-Instructions of Washington-Mr. Burnet's Notes on the Battle of Fort Recovery-Mode of Fortification-William Wells' Anecdote-Henry Miller, The Scout-Capture of Christopher Miller Chapter XIX: The Battle and Its Results. Capture of a Chief-Daring Adventure, and Results-Message of General Wayne-Speech of Little Turtle-Movements of the Indians-Official Report of General Wayne- Conference Between General Wayne and Major Campbell-Buckongahelas and His Defiant Speech-Narrative by Jonathan Alder-Letter of General Harrison-Views of Governor Simcoe-Council of Chiefs at Fort Green- ville-Boundaries of the United States Defined-Loramie's Store- Anecdote INDEX TO ENGRAVINGS Miscellaneous Frontispiece - new state capital page. Father Marquette's Expedition 18 The council fire 21 Death of Marquette 24 La Salle on Lake Erie 27 Assassination of La Salle 27 Indian marriage ceremony 39 Braddock's Expedition and defeat 63 Old Fort Michilimackinac 117 Old Fort Detroit 124 Unveiling of the conspiracy of Pontiac 126 Defeat of the Canoes 134 Death of Logan 163 Heroism of Elizabeth Zane 184 Escape of General McCulloch 187 Escape of Daniel Boone 203 Simon Kenton's Lodge in the Wilderness 219 "Our Cabin" in the Wilderness 248 Mound at Marrietta 299 Emigrants Floating Down the Ohio 306 New Hospital for Lunatics at Columbus 331 The Warrior at Bay 346 Gallipolis in 1791 390 Night Scene 393 Capture of Major Goodale 422 Conneaut in 1796 447 Escape in the Flat Boat 485 First Hotel in Zanesville 520 Evening in the Woods 476 Escape of Johnston 512 First Court House in Green County 525 Birth Place of Tecumseh 594 The Encampment 624 Desolation 639 Fort Seneca 654 Hospital for Idiotic and Imbecile Youths, at Columbus 671 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Columbus 849 PORTRAITS Hon. Arthur St. Clair 153 " William Henry Harrison 171 " Edward Tiffin 211 " Thomas Kirker 231 " Samuel Huntington 255 " Return J. Meigs 273 " Othniel Looker 291 " Thomas Worthington 343 " Ethan Allen Brown 363 " Allen Trimble 399 " Jeremiah Morrow 437 " Duncan McArthur 459 " Robert Lucas 489 " Joseph Vance 503 " Wilson Shannon 513 " Thomas Corwin 535 " Thomas W. Bartley 545 " Mordicai Bartley 551 " William Bebb 565 " Seabury Ford 571 " Reuben Wood 577 " William Medill 583 " Salmon P. Chase 589 " William Dennison 607 " David Tod 633 " John Brough 643 " Charles Anderson 663 " Jacob D. Cox 679 " Rutherford B. Hayes 689 " Edward F. Noyes 703 " William Allen 713 " John Sherman 721 " Morrison R. Waite 735 " Allen G. Thurman 809 Gen. William T. Sherman 829