OHIO STATEWIDE FILES - Know your Ohio: Ohio's Huron and Wyandot Indians [10]
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File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by
Darlene E. Kelley
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May 7, 2000
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Historical Collections of Ohio
Diaries of S. J. Kelly
Plains Dealer
Know Your Ohio
by Darlene E. Kelley
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Ohio's Huron and Wyandot Indians -- part 10.

Despite the growing strength of Tecumseh and his brother, the land
cessions continued. In a treaty at Detroit in November, 1807, the
Wyandot, with the Detroit Ottawa, Ojibwe,and Potawatomi, surrendered a
large part of southeastern Michigan. Another treaty in 1808 allowed the
Americans to build a road ( Detroit to Columbus, Ohio ) through their
lands. Tecumseh was furious and travelled to Canada where he received
promises of support from the British. In 1809 at the Treaty of Fort
Wayne and Vincennes, major cessions were made in Southern Indiana and
Illinois, and Tecumseh went after the peace chiefs. During the summer of
1810, the Wyandot chief Leather Lips was assassinated by Roundhead, a
Detroit Wyandot chief loyal to Tecumseh. Other Wyandot on the lower
Sandusky killed two women as witches, and the calumet and wampum belts
of the Alliance were transfered from Brownstown to Tecumseh's capital at
Tippecanoe. The reaction of the Brownstown council that fall, was to
denounce the Prophet as a witch.

Tecumseh never achieved more than partial support among the important
tribes of the Alliance, Wyandot, Delaware, and his own people, the
Shawnee. His strength lay within the tribes in the west which were part
of the alliance fighting the Osage. He traveled constantly trying to
gain more support. It was during one of these journeys in 1811 that
Governor William Henry Harrison marched on Tippecanoe. Ignoring his
brothers' orders, Tenskwatawa ordered an attack on Harison's army and
lost. Tippecanoe was destroyed. the Prophet's credibility seriously
damaged, and Tecumseh had to rebuild his alliance. There was little time
before the outbreak of the war of 1812. Tecumseh sided with the British,
but most of the Wyandot, Delaware, and Shawnee chose to remain neutral.
The Michigan Wyandot under Roundhead, however, were among Tecumseh's
staunchest supporters. Tarhe and his follwers fought for the Americans.
The division of the Wyandot continued until Tecumseh and Roundhead were
killed at the Battle of the Thames. ( October 1813. ).

Afterwards, the war in the Great Lakes came to an end. The pro-British
Wyandot remained in Ontario at Anderdon. In July, 1814 at the second
treaty of Greenville, the Wyandot, Delaware, Seneca ( Mingo ), and
Shawnee loyal to the Americans agreed to end hostilities with the tribes
which had sided with Tecumseh
( Kickapoo, Miami, Ottawa, and Potawatomi ).
Major land cessions came later. In September, 1817 at the Treaty of
Maumee Rapids ( Fort Meigs ), the Wyandot surrendered their remaining
lands in Ohio in exchange for two reservations; The Grand Reserve on the
upper Sandusky ( 12x12 miles ) and the Cranberry Reserve ( One mile
square ). The Ohio Delaware, Shawnee, and Mingo received simular small
reservations.  The following year, the Wyandot signed two treaties at
St. Mary's. The first enlarged the Grand Reserve in Ohio 
( to 12 x 19 miles ) and added a reserve at Big Springs for any of the
Canadian Wyandot who wished to return to the United States. In the
second treaty, the Michigan Wyandot surrendered Brownstown ( capital of
the alliance) in exchange for a reserve on the Huron River.
****************************************************
Treaty of the Rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie with The Wyandot, Seneca,
Delaware, Shawnee, Potawatomi, Ottawa, and Chippewa on September 29,
1817.

7 Stat., 160
Proclamation, Jan 4, 1819.
Supplementary treaty, post, pg 162.

Articles of a treaty made and concluded, at the foot of the Rapids of
the Miami of Lake Erie, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur,
commisioners of the United States, with full power and authority to hold
conferences, and conclude and sign a treaty or treaties with all or any
of the tribes or nations of Indians on the one part and the Sachems,
Chiefs, and Warriors, of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawneese,
Potawatomees, Ottawas, and Chippeway, tribes of Indians.

ARTICLE  1.  The Wyandot tribe of Indians, in consideration of the
stipulations herein made on the part of the United States, do hereby
forever cede to the United States the land comprehended within the
following lines and boundaries. Beginning at a point on the southern
shore of Lake Erie, where the present Indian boundary line intersects
the same, between the mouth of Sandusky Bay and the mouth of Portage
River; thence, running south with said line, to the line established in
the year one thousand seven hundred and ninty-five, by the treaty of
Greenville, which runs from the crossing place above Fort Lawrence to
Loramie's store; thence, westerly, wih the last mentioned line, to the
eastern line of the reserve at Loramie's store; thence, with the lines
of said reserve, north and west, to the northwestern corner thereof;
thence to the northwestern corner of the reserve on the River St.
Mary's, at the head of the navigable waters thereof; thence, east, to
the western bank of the St. Mary's River aforesaid; thence, down on the
western bank of the said River, to the reserve at Fort Wayne; thence,
with the lines of the last mentioned reserve, easterly and northerly, to
the north bank of the River Miami of Lake Erie; thence, down on the
north bank of the said river, to the western line of the land ceded to
the United States by the treaty of Detroit, in the year, one thousand
eight hundred and seven; thence, with the said line, south, to the
middle of said Miami River, opposite the mouth of the Great Auglaize
River; thence, down the middle of said Miami River, and easterly with
the lnes of the tract ceded to the United States by the treaty of
Detroit aforesaid, so far that a south line will strike the place of the
beginning.

ARTICLE 2.  The Potawatomy, Ottawas, and Chippeway, tribes of Indians,
in consideration of the stipulations herein made on the part of the
United States, do hereby forever cede to the United States the land
comprehended within the following lines and boundaries. Beginning where
the western line of the State of Ohio crosses the River Miami of Lake
Erie, which is about twenty one miles above the mouth of the Great
Auglaize River; thence, down the middle of the said Miami River; to a
point north of the mouth of the Great Auglaize River; thence. with the
western line of the land ceded to the United States by the treaty of
Detroit. in one thousand eight hundred and seven, north forty five
miles; then, west so far that a line south will strike the place of
beginning; thence, south, to the place of beginning.

ARTICLE 3.  The Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnese, Potawatomy,
Ottawas, and Chippeway, tribes of Indians accede to the cessions
mentioned in the two preceding articles.

ARTICLE 4. In consideration of the cessions and recognitions stipulated
in the three preceeding articles, the United States agree to pay to the
Wyandot tribe, annually, forever, the sum of four thousand dollars, in
specie, at Upper Sandusky; To the Seneca tribe, annually, forever, the
sum of five hundred dollars, in specie, at Lower Sandusky;  To the
Shawnese tribe, annually, forever, the sum of two thousand dollars, in
specie, at Wapaghkonetta;
To the Potawatomy tribe, annually, for the term of fifteen years, the
sum of one thousand three hundred dollars, in specie, at Detroit; To the
Chippewa tribe, annually, for the term of fifteen years, the sum of one
thousand dollars, in specie, at Detroit; To the Delaware tribe, in the
course of one year one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, the sum of
five hundred dollars, in specie, at Wapaghkonetta, but no annuity; And
the United States also agree, that all annuities due by any former
treaty to the Wyandot, Shawnese, and Delaware tribes, and the annuity
due by the treaty of Greenville, to the Ottawas and Chippewas tribes,
shall be paid to the said tribes, respectively, in specie.

ARTICLE 5.  The schedule hereto annexed, is to be taken and considered
as part of this treaty; and the tracts herein stipulated to be granted
to the Wyandot, Seneca, and Shawnese, tribes of Indians, are to be
granted for the use of the persons mentioned in the said schedule,
agreeably to the descriptions, provisions, and limitations, therein
contained.
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To be continued in part 11--