OHIO STATEWIDE FILES - Know your Ohio: Ohio's Huron and Wyandot Indians [9] *********************************************************************** OHGENWEB NOTICE: All distribution rights to this electronic data are reserved by the submitter. Reproduction or re-presentation of copyrighted material will require the permission of the copyright owner. The submitter has given permission to the USGenWeb Archives to store the file permanently for free access. *********************************************************************** File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by Darlene E. Kelley http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00026.html#0006374 May 6, 2000 *********************************************************************** Historical Collections of Ohio Diaries of S. J. Kelly Plains Dealer Know Your Ohio by Darlene E. Kelley *********************************************************************** Ohio's Huron and Wyandot Indians -- Part 9 Treaty of Greenville -- August 3, 1795 -- Continuation of Treaty Signatures, etc-- OTTAWAS, Augooshaway, his x mark. L.S. Keenoshameek. his x mark. L.S. La Malice, his x mark, L.S. Machiwetah, his x mark, L.S. Thowonawa, his x mark, L.S. Secaw, his x mark, L.S. CHIPPEWAS Mashipinashiwish, or Bad Bird, his x mark, L.S. Nashshogashe, ( from Lake Superior ), his x mark, L.S. Kathawasung, his x mark, L.S. Masass, his x mark, L,S. Nemekass, or Little Thunder, his x mark, L,S. Peshawkay, or Young Ox, his x mark, L.S. Nanguey, his x mark, L.S. Meenedohgeesogh, his x mark, L.S. Peewanshemenogh, his x mark, L.S. Weymegwas, his x mark, L.S. Gobmaatick, his x mark, L.S. OTTAWA, Chegonickska, an Ottawa from Sandusky, his x mark, L.S. PATTAWATIMAS OF THE RIVER ST. JOSEPH, Thupenebu, his x mark. L.S. Nawac, for himself and brother Etsimethe, his x mark, L.S. Nenanseka, his x mark, L.S. Keesass, or Run, his x mark, L.S. Kabamasaw, for himself and brother Chisaugan, his x mark, L.S. Sugganunk, his x mark, L.S. Wapmeme, or White Pigeon, his x mark, L.S. Wacheness, for himself and brother Pedagoshok, his x mark, L.S. Wabshicawnaw, his x mark, L.S. La Chasse, his x mark, L.S. Meshegethenogh, for himself and brother, Wawasek, his x mark, L.S. Hingoswash, his x mark, L.S. Anewasaw, his x mark, L.S. Nawbudgh, his x mark, L.S. Missenogomaw, his x mark, L.S. Waweegshe, his x mark, L.S. Thawme, or Le Blanc, his x mark, L.S. Geeque, for himself and brother Shewinse, his x mark, L.S. PATTAWATIMAS OF HURON Okia, his x mark, L.S. Chamung, his x mark, L.S. Segagewan, his x mark, L.S. Nanawme, for himself and brother A. Gin, his x mark, L.S. Marchand, his x mark, L.S. Wenameac, his x mark, .S. MIAMIS, Nagohquangogh, or Le Gris, his x mak, L.S. Meshekunnoghquoh, or Little Turtle, his x mark, L.S. MIAMIS AND EEL RIVERS, Peejeewa, or Richard Ville, his x mark, .S. Cochkepoghtogh, his x mark, L.S. EEL RIVER TRIBE, Shamekunnesa, or Soldier, his x mark, L.S. MIAMIS, Wapamangwa, or White Loon, his x mark, L.S. WEAS, FOR THEMSELVES AND PIANKESHAWS, Amacunsa, or Little Beaver, his x mark, L.S. Acoolatha, or Little Fox, his x mark, L.S. Francis, his x mark, L.S. KICKAPOOS AND KASKASKIAS, Keeawhah, his x mark, L.S. Nemighka, or Josey Renard, his x mark, L.S. Paikeekanogh, his x mark, L.S. DELAWARES OF SANDUSKY, Hawkinpumiska, his x mark, L.S. Peyamawksey, his x mark, L.S. Reyntueco, ( of the Six Nations, living at Sandusky), his x mark, L.S. H. De Butts, first A.D.C. and Sec'ry to Major General Wayne, Wm. H. Harrison, Aid de Camp to Major General Wayne, T.Lewis, Aid de Camp to Major Gen.Wayne, James O'Hara, Quartermaster Gen'l. John Mills, Major of Infantry, and Adj. Gen'l. Caleb Swan, P.M.T.U.S. Gen. Demter, Lieut. Artillery, Vigo P. Frs. La Fontaine, Ast. Lasselle, H,Lasselle, Js. Beau Bien, David Jones, Chaplin U.S.S. Lewis Beaufait, R. Lachambre, Jas. Pepen, Bates Coutien, P. Navarre. Sworn interpreters, Wm. Wells, Jacques Lasselle, M. Morins, Bt.Sans Crainte, Christopher Miller, Robert Wilson, Abraham Williams, his x mark. Issac Zane, his x mark. ****************************************************** The signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795 ceding all of Ohio except the northwest allowed the Wyadot to remain at Sandusky and Detroit, and Cranetown was the only one of their villages needed to be relocated to conform to the Greenville Treaty line. With defeat after a long and bitter war, there was a terrible peiod of social disintegration within the tribes of alliance after 1795. Whiskey became a major problem, and civil authority broke down. The " peace chiefs" ( Walking-in-the-water was the Wyandot peace chief ) controlled the tribal councils and were determined to cooerate with the Americans. Although sometimes this was helped by bribery, most were doing the best they could, and it was, in general, a thankless job which all too often, put them in danger from their own people. There was little coperation between the individual tribes, and an attempt to resurrect the alliance at Brownstown in 1801 failed. The Americans, however, were not satisfied with the lad gained at Greenville and were soon pressing for more cessions. In 1805, the Wyandot ( also Delaware, Ottawa, Ojibwe, Shawnee, and Potawatomi ) signd the Treaty at Fort Industry ceding more land and agreeing to a new " permanent frontier." The time was ripe for an upheaval and revolt. That year, a prophet arose among the Shawnee with a message of spiritual renewal, rejection of the whiteman's trade goods and whiskey, and return to traditional ways. His name was Tenskwatawa ( The Open Door, [ Tecumseh's 3rd triplet brother] ). He had several rivals for spiritual leadership, and his teachngs were simular to Neolin, the Delaware prophet whose new religion had provided the impetus for Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763. What made Tenskwatawa different was his brother was Tecumseh. Tecumseh was a respected warrior, natural leader, and a spell binding orator. Completely opposed to further land cessions to the Americans, he also favored the formaion of an alliance of all tribes, even former eemies, to accomplish this. Tecumseh gave his bother's religious movement a political purpose directly opposed to the authority of the peace chiefs. After Tenskwatawa predicted a solar eclipse in 1806, his movement gained a large following in several tribes. Because of their important position within the old alliance, Wyandot support was crucial for Tecumseh, but the new religion had made an ugly side which alienated many. In 1806 Tenskwatawa visited the Wyandot villages. After making several converts, the Prophet denounced four women as witches. Only the intervention of the Wyandot chief Tarhe prevented their execution. Simular events occurred among the Delaware with fatal results for the accused. ****************************************************** To be continued in part 10.