OHIO STATEWIDE FILES OH-FOOTSTEPS Mailing List Issue 132 *********************************************************************** USGENWEB NOTICE: These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in any format for profit or presentation by other organization or persons. Persons or organizations desiring to use this material, must obtain the written consent of the contributor, or the legal representative of the submitter, and contact the listed USGenWeb archivist with proof of this consent. The submitter has given permission to the USGenWeb Archives to store the file permanently for free access. http://www.usgwarchives.net/ *********************************************************************** OH-FOOTSTEPS-D Digest Volume 02 : Issue 132 Today's Topics: #1 [OH-FOOT] Bio: Beilharz - Crawford [Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526150309.00728a7c@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] Bio: Beilharz - Crawford Co. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- CRAWFORD COUNTY HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY AND OHIO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Part III, p.716-717 [B surnames] CHICAGO BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS 186 DEARBORN STREET 1881 BUCYRUS TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO DR. W. M. BEILHARZ, dentist, Bucyrus: son of Rev. John I. and Maria C. (Froelick) Beilharz: was born Sept. 21, 1819, in Maxatawney, Berks Co., Penn., where he lived until about 8 years old when the family removed to the State of New York. Here our subject went to school in winter until 15 and helped his father on the farm until 22 years of age. In 1842 he removed to Tiffin. Ohio, where Mr. Beilharz began the study of dentistry with an older brother who had removed from New York some time previous: he practiced his profession in Tiffin for a period of nine years, coming to Bucyrus Dec. 1853. where he at once opened an office for the practice of dentistry and has continued with fair success ever since. He is an expert in all the departments of mechanical and operative dentistry. About 1850, he made a discovery of a cure for sore and inflamed eyes yes, but, being engrossed with his profession, he never brought it before the public until of late years; the almost miraculous cures which it has effected, place him among the leading oculists of the country; he has also discovered a remedy which he calls the "Healing Fluid," which acts as an antiseptic, preventing inflammation, and cures all sores, either recent or chronic. Its efficacy is attested by the unanimous testimony of those whom he has cured. On June 17, 1849, he was united in marriage with Miss Maria B. Crockett, of Seneca Co.. Ohio and two sons and a daughter are the fruit of this union, all of whom are living. Charles A., Anne, wife of F. L. Ingman, merchant at Villisca. Iowa, and Cassius M.. Dr. Beilharz has been a careful student of history for many years, and is an intelligent and respected citizen. ______________________________ ------------------------------ X-Message: #2 Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 10:03:41 -0500 From: Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526150341.00714aa0@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] Bio: Birk, John - Crawford Co. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- CRAWFORD COUNTY HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY AND OHIO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Part III, p.713-714 [B surnames] CHICAGO BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS 186 DEARBORN STREET 1881 BUCYRUS TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO JOHN G. BIRK harness manufacturer, Bucyrus, was born July 22, 1823, in Wurtemberg Germany. According to the custom of that country he was sent to school until his 14th year. He was then apprenticed to a man named Zigler for three years to learn harness making, in the town of Kirchheim. He gave $60 to learn the trade in addition to three years labor often working fourteen hours per day. After completing his trade he worked as journeyman at different places for about six years. As there were more harness-makers than could find employment in his native land, our subject sailed from Havre in the spring, of 1845, and after a thirty days voyage, arrived at New York, June 3, 1845. His means being exhausted he worked for a farmer near Albany about two months, whereby he obtained money enough to bring him to the German colony called "Zoar," in Tuscarawas Co., Ohio, where he worked for some time in the smelting works. Then he was taken sick with ague for a period of six months, which again exhausted his earnings. Upon his recovery, he worked at his trade there for some time. He came to Bucyrus, April 21, 1847 and found employment in the harness-shop of Frederick Beckle, who died some nine months after. Our subject worked for Israel Jones until 1850, when he started a harness-shop for himself, and has been in the business ever since being now one of the oldest harness-makers in the town. He has occupied his present shop about eighteen years, where he employs a number of skillful workmen, who turn out every variety of the most substantial and attractive work. He also carries a full stock of everything in his line of goods. April 24, 1851 he was married to Miss Johanna B. Kuhn, of Whetstone Township. Of this marriage, the following children are living: Christian F., Lewis L., Emanuel and George R. Two children died when young. Mr. Birk had but $4 when he came to Bucyrus. and lost his entire earnings by failure of his first employer. He is a member of the German Lutheran Church, in which he is a Trustee. ______________________________ ------------------------------ X-Message: #3 Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 10:04:17 -0500 From: Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526150417.007269a8@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] Bio: Black, J.M. - Crawford Co. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- CRAWFORD COUNTY HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY AND OHIO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Part III, p.715 [B surnames] CHICAGO BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS 186 DEARBORN STREET 1881 BUCYRUS TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO J. M. BLACK. merchant, Bucyrus ; was born April 24, 1845, and is the son of J. P. Black. He is a native of Clarke Co., Ohio, where he spent his youth on a farm, in the meantime acquiring a common-school education. At the age of 19, he entered the public schools of Bucyrus, where he continued some three years. In 1868, he entered the grocery of Kimmel & Timanus, where he was clerk for three years. For the six years following he was employed in a similar capacity by Kaler & Malic. In 1877, he entered into his present place of business, in Rowse's Block, as equal partner with J. P. Black, under the firm name of J. M. Black & Co., where he is doing a flourishing business in dry goods, groceries and queensware. They have a room, 30x98, which is filled with a large and well-selected stock of goods. Since he has been engaged here, his business has prospered, and he is now at the head of a thriving establishment. He was married, Dec. 26, 1871, to Miss Hattie Mower, of Bucyrus. This union has been blessed with five children: Jay P., Bessie Y. Carl M.. and an infant son and daughter. Mr. Black is a member of the Presbyterian Church, a Trustee, and also Assistant Superintendent of the Sunday school. ______________________________ ------------------------------ X-Message: #4 Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 10:04:52 -0500 From: Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526150452.0070b83c@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] Bio: Blair, Elias - Crawford Co. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- CRAWFORD COUNTY HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY AND OHIO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Part III, p.718 [B surnames] CHICAGO BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS 186 DEARBORN STREET 1881 BUCYRUS TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO ELIAS BLAIR. hardware dealer. Bucyrus son of Joseph and Rebecca (Bennington) Blair, was born May 1, 1824, in Knox Co., Ohio. He lived on a farm until his 20th year. In 1845 he went to Mansfield. Ohio. where he engaged in the manufacture of plows until 1850, when he went to California. by the "overland route" to seek his fortune in the gold diggings. In 1853 he came to Bucyrus and opened a hardware store and has been engaged in that business ever since, except a brief period employed in the erection of his present building in 1863. His business block consists of a fine three-story brick. 10 1/2x155 in dimensions. He has done an extensive business and carries an immense stock of goods, representing every department of the hardware trade. In 1874. he invented the famous Blair's hog ringer. He is now manufacturing these rings by automatic machinery at the rate of 60,000 per day. ______________________________ ------------------------------ X-Message: #5 Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 10:07:01 -0500 From: Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526150701.00726cd8@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] Bio: Blicke, F. - Crawford Co. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- CRAWFORD COUNTY HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY AND OHIO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Part III, p.715-716 [B surnames] CHICAGO BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS 186 DEARBORN STREET 1881 BUCYRUS TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO FRANK BLICKE, merchant, Bucyrus, son of William and Mary (Reiger) Blicke; was born May 6, 1836, in Prussia, and went to school from his 7th to his 16th year, receiving a good education in his native language. When 16, he was apprenticed to a brewer and served three years, and worked a year longer in his native land. In the year 1856, he sailed from the port of Bremen for the shores of America, resolving to seek his fortunes in the New World. He landed at New York on June 7, 1856, after a voyage of forty-two days. He came direct to Cincinnati, Ohio and entered a brewery where he remained four years. In May 1860 he came to Bucyrus and became the partner of Christian Wingert in the brewery, this union lasting three years. At the expiration of that time, he became the partner of F. A. Vollrath in the grocery and provision business and added a stock of dry goods the second year. In 1870, Mr. Vollrath retired and our subject purchased his entire stock and interest in the building and since then has carried on the business himself. He has built up a large business at the corner of Sandusky avenue and Mary streets, and has a large stock of dry goods, boots and shoes, groceries and queensware. Mr. Blicke has built eight fine, large residences, in this city. which are a credit to Bucyrus and in evidence of his business energy and enterprise, He came here without capital, and, by industry he has brought himself into affluence. He has been a member of the City Council, City Treasurer for four years and is now serving his third term as Treasurer of the township. He is now N. G. of La Salle Lodge. No. 51. In September, 1864. He married Theresa Vollrath of Bucyrus; of this marriage there were born four children. Three of whom, William A., Carrie A. and Louisa M. are living and Cora A. is dead. ______________________________ ------------------------------ X-Message: #6 Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 10:07:30 -0500 From: Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526150730.0071cb0c@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] Bio: Bowers, S.A. - Crawford Co. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- CRAWFORD COUNTY HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY AND OHIO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Part III, p.715-716 [B surnames] CHICAGO BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS 186 DEARBORN STREET 1881 BUCYRUS TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO S. A. BOWERS, miller, Bucyrus, is the son of Jacob and Sarah (Palmer) Bowers. Was born April 9, 1834, in Whetstone Township, this county. He lived on a farm, assisting at home and attending school, until he was 24, when in 1858, in company with J. W. Delancy, he rented Mager's mill, at North Robinson. This they ran for about a year and the following fall they purchased the sawmill of Emanuel Deardorff. and to it they added a flour-mill, under the name of "The Sandusky Valley Mills." In 1861, Mr. Delancy retired, and the subject of the present sketch has continued the business ever since. Mr. C. F. Miller bought the mills in 1872, and, he failing, Mr. Bowers and Mr. Delancy bought the property, and have carried on the business with good success. They have three runs of buhrs, ample steam power being furnished by two engines. In 1870, Mr. Bowers bought a mill in Upper Sandusky, which he repaired and controlled about a year, when he sold it out. On May 15, 1861, he married Lizzie White, of Uniontown, Penn. Of this marriage, there are two children, Della and Carrie. His first wife died in April, 1872. In October of the following year, he married Mrs. Maggie Campbell. of Bucyrus. Mr. Bowers is a member of Demas Lodge, No. 108, K. of P and one of the most substantial citizens of the city, having made all by his own efforts. In 1863, he purchased a fine farm three miles west of the city, which he still retains. As a business man he is fair and upright and commands the esteem of all his fellow townsmen. ______________________________ ------------------------------ X-Message: #7 Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 10:08:06 -0500 From: Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526150806.0072e148@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] Bio: Brown, J. - Crawford Co. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO 1902 Biographical History of Crawford Co., OH p. 792 JACOB BROWN is one of the thrifty and substantial farmers of Crawford county, where he has passed his entire life. Personally he bears a high reputation for honorable and upright dealing with his fellow men, and is always found in the front rank in the world of improvement and public benefit. Mr. Brown was born in Vernon township, Crawford county, on the 28th of November, 1855, a son of John and Catherine Brown. He acquired a limited education in the common schools of his locality, and as early as nine years of age he was following the plow, making a hand at farm work, and from that time until reaching years of maturity he spent much of his time in working for neighboring farmers. After his marriage he rented one of his father-in-law's farms for three years, the place consisting of two hundred and ten acres, and was located west of the place on which he now resides. In 1881 he became the owner of eighty acres of his present homestead, which he purchased of his father-in-law, and by unremitting labor and close attention to business success has attended his efforts. In 1893 he purchased eighty acres of land adjoining his home on the west, formerly known as the Cole place, thus making him the possessor of one hundred and sixty acres of rich and fertile land. Here he is successfully engaged in general farming and in the raising of Shorthorn cattle. His fields are under a fine state of cultivation, and in both branches of his business prosperity has abundantly rewarded his well-directed efforts. On the 14th of October, 1875, Mr. Brown was united in marriage with Miss Mary Schwerer, also a native of Vernon township, and a daughter of George and Elizabeth Heltman Schwerer. The parents were born in Darmstadt, Germany, and their marriage was celebrated just prior to their embarking on their journey for the new world. After their arrival in America they spent a short time in Pennsylvania and then continued the journey to Mansfield, Ohio, where they remained for some years, when they came to Crawford county, locating in Leesville. Later they removed to the farm which adjoins our subject's place on the east, and there they are now spending the evening of live in the enjoyment of the fruits of their former toil. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Brown have been born four children, namely: William J., who operates one of his father's farms; Elsie M., wife of Aaron Cole, of Vernon Township; and Ralph W. and Edmon E., who are still at home. Mr. Brown gives his political support to the Democracy, but has refused to allow his name to be used in connection with public office, as the honors or emoluments of public positions have had no attraction for him. The family are members of the German Lutheran church, and for a number of years he has held the office of steward therein. His live has been characterized by energy, perseverance and hard work, and to these principles his success is due. He began his career under adverse circumstances, having been compelled to make his own way in the world, and his success in life illustrates most forcibly the power of patient and persistent effort and self-reliance. ______________________________ ------------------------------ X-Message: #8 Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 10:08:49 -0500 From: Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526150849.0072577c@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] Bio: Buck, L.W. - Crawford Co. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- CRAWFORD COUNTY HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY AND OHIO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Part III, p.709-710 [B surnames] CHICAGO BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS 186 DEARBORN STREET 1881 BUCYRUS TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO LEWIS W. BUCK. P. O. Bucyrus. William and Mary (Albright) Buck, parents of this gentleman, were both natives of the "Keystone" State, and the parents of nine children. The mother died in 1835. The father subsequently married Susan Shieb, who was the mother of fifteen children. Mr. Buck died in 1860. He was a successful farmer and miller, and held during his lifetime, numerous positions of honor and trust. Lewis Buck was born in Schuylkill Co., Pa., Aug. 20, 1824 his early life being passed in a mill and upon a farm. He received but a limited education and when 22 years of age left his native State and came to Crawford Co., Ohio. For some time he found employment in a mill in Bucyrus when he was placed in charge of the Sinn Mills where he remained some four years. His marriage with Miss Pascalena Sinn occurred Jan. 4. 1849. She was born in Crawford Co.. Ohio, June 14, 1833 and is one of a family of ten children born to George and Sarah (Hawk) Sinn, who came from Pennsylvania to Crawford Co.. Ohio in 1826. Mr. Shin was well and favorably known through the county and was thrice elected County Auditor, besides holding other positions of honor and trust. He died in 1870 and his wife in 1876. In, Lewis W. Buck's family were seven children, five of whom are now living: Mahlon L.. Sarah C. A., Lucretia M., Charles L. and Mary S. Those deceased were Mandon D. and Franklin H. Mr. Buck followed milling until 1861 when he purchased the farm he now owns and has since followed the vocation of a farmer. He began life as a poor boy. and is in the fullest sense of the term. a self-made man. He has held several township offices and is highly spoken of as an official. As refined intelligent people, Mr. Buck's family stands second to none in the county. ______________________________ ------------------------------ X-Message: #9 Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 10:09:34 -0500 From: Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526150934.00720ce8@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] Bio: Buell, G.W. - Crawford Co. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- CRAWFORD COUNTY HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY AND OHIO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Part III, p.715 [B surnames] CHICAGO BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS 186 DEARBORN STREET 1881 BUCYRUS TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO G. W. BUELL, marble dealer, Bucyrus ; is a son of George and Rebecca (Fuller) Buell, and was born Jan. 15, 1842, in Genesee Co., N. Y. When he was about 5 years old. his parents removed to Ann Arbor, Mich., and here he attended school until he was 14 years of age, when he entered his father's match-factory, and continued there until he was 20. Aug. 7, 1862 he enlisted in Co. D, 20th Mich. V. I., and served until the close of the war. He was in eighteen battles: South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Vicksburg, Knoxville, The Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and all of Grant's campaign. He was mustered out at Detroit, Mich., July 8, 1865. He was wounded at Spottsylvania, losing the middle finger of the left hand. He lived in Ann Arbor after the war, and, in 1867, commenced to travel for a marble firm of that town, and followed the business five years, with good success. He next spent two years traveling and selling cigars for his brother. He then sold marble for different firms until 1879, when he went into partnership with Mr. Keel, and removed to Bucyrus, where they have built up a splendid business, employing several first class workmen. They are wholesale and retail dealers in foreign and American marbles, and all kinds of granite. Their work is finished in the best of style and by the most skillful workmen. Mr. Buell is a Knight of Honor, being a member of Howard Lodge, No. 109, and is a Democrat in politics. He was married, Sept. 9, 1865, to Miss Mattie E. Bowen, of Ann Arbor, Mich. They have two children, Ina and Norma. ______________________________ ------------------------------ X-Message: #10 Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 10:10:01 -0500 From: Tina Hursh To: OH-FOOTSTEPS-L@rootsweb.com Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.20020526151001.00714ad4@clubnet.isl.net> Subject: [OH-FOOT] bio: Burchard, W.P. Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" >From the The Ohio Biographies Project http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/mnpg.html a part of The U.S. Biographies Project http://members.tripod.com/~debmurray/usbios/usbiog.html Transcribed by Bonnie Walsh. --------------- HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY AND OHIO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Part III, p.861 [B surnames] CHICAGO BASKIN & BATTEY, HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS 186 DEARBORN STREET 1881 AUBURN TOWNSHIP, CRAWFORD COUNTY, OHIO REV. W. P. BURCHARD, minister and farmer: P. O. Tiro: is a native of Auburn Township, and was born Nov. 26, 1834. His parents were John and Mary (Robertson) Burchard. His father was born in Delaware, in 1790, and his mother in Pennsylvania in 1791. They were married in Jefferson Co., Ohio. Dec. 23, 1819, and moved to Auburn Township, Crawford Co., in 1830. They were parents of five children-James R., Sarah J., John B., Catharine B. and William P. Of these all are dead except William. His mother died Oct. 2, 1875, and his father is yet living, at the advanced age of 90 years and makes his home with his son. William was raised upon a farm. He received a good common school education when young and by study and thought in after years has become a man of good learning, and of more than ordinary intellect. He was married Feb. 23, 1865, to Sarah King, daughter of Henry and Mary (Cupland) King, and by her has the following family - Ernest A., born Nov. l2, 1866; Mary I. born Sept. 19, 1869, and John born Aug. 29, 1875. All are living at home with their parents. Mr. Burchard is a Republican in politics, and belongs to the religious denomination known as the Church of God. He was ordained a minister for of that church in 1872, and at present has charge of the New Washington, Crawford County Circuit, in which he is meeting with good success. He owns 100 acres of excellent farming land in Eastern Auburn Township. -------------------------------- End of OH-FOOTSTEPS-D Digest V02 Issue #132 *******************************************