Bryan Co., OK; Town of Caddo - History 
 
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Submitted by the Bryan County Heritage Library 
Located in Calera, OK
Written by Erma L. Taylor		 
Typed for the archives by Trudy Marlow 
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				CADDO HISTORY

BACKGROUND

	Caddo is located in the north central part of Bryan County 
about two miles south of Atoka County line.  Since Bryan County has 
a rich heritage of names reaching far back into the past, these also 
are a part of Caddo.  Before the time of Columbus in 1492 it was a 
part of INDIAN COUNTRY. (Name No.1)  After the voyage of Columbus, 
Spain claimed the new world which was named AMERICA. (No. 2)

	After Coronado and De Soto, both Spaniards, explored the 
Southwestern land which later became a part of the U.S., the latter 
claimed all the land drained by the Mississippi River for Spain.  
That country was named NEW SPAIN. (No. 3)

	Then La Salle explored and claimed the same territory for the 
King of France, Louise XIV.  It was named LOUISIANA in his honor. 
(No. 4)

	English-speaking people came to America and began to make 
homes.  Later, when they won independence from England, they named 
the land the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

	In 1762, France gave Louisiana to Spain, who returned it to 
her in 1800.  The U.S. purchased it from her in 1803.  It became the 
LOUISIANA PURCHASE.  (No. 5)

	When the Choctaws moved west after treaties made with he U.S. 
one of the Choctaw Districts became PUSHMATAHA DISTRICT. (No. 6)  It 
was named in honor of Pushmataha, one of the principal chiefs of the 
Choctaw Tribe, who played an important part in signing of the Treaty 
of Dancing Rabbit Creek, Miss. 1830.  The district was divided into 
four counties, one of them being TIGER SPRINGS KAUNTI (No. 7), so 
called by whites.  The Indians called it KOI KULIH KAUNTI (No. 8)

	After the Choctaws and Chickasaws became separate nations, 
Nov. 4, 1854, the Choctaw Council changed the name to BLUE COUNTY, 
or Okchamaiali (meaning blue) Kaunti (Nos. 9 & 10)

	Lastly, when Oklahoma became the 46th state of the Union in 
1907, the legislature voted to call it Bryan County (No. 11) in 
honor of William Jennings Bryan, a well known Democratic political 
leader in National affairs at that time (McCreary, Henry, QUEEN OF 
THREE VALLEYS, a story of Durant, Democrat Printing Co., 1946 p. 
48.)  Caddo, deep in the past was a part of this turn-over, although 
with no name until 1870.

	The birth of Caddo is a thrilling story that reaches back many 
generations as you can see from above.  The name is a contraction of 
KADOHADACHO (ka do hada' cho) meaning REAL CHIEF.  Taken from a 
tribe referred to by ethnologists as the Caddo Indian proper.  The 
tribe belonged to the Southern division of the Caddoan family and as 
known today, includes the remnant of the Anadarko Tribe which played 
such and important part in the naming of Caddo.

	According to tradition, the above tribe and the Choctaws were 
mortal enemies even before the latter came to their new territory.  
Each time they met war took place.  Much of the time this was in a 
low range of hills about two miles SE of Caddo, named from the 
Kadohadachos because they came there often to hunt and encamp.  Some 
of the recorded wars took place as early as the 1810's.

	The last encounter is dated after 1840.  When the Choctaws 
came to this country, they settled down to raising horses and cattle 
on a large scale.  The Caddoes made raids into their nation, "as 
they considered the horse a valuable possession for quick 
transportation."  (Culbertson, James, INDIAN AGAINST INDIAN, Chron. 
Of Okla.  Vol. 2, P. 164.)

	The Choctaws, thinking it unfair for them to give up their 
horses without a penny in exchange, prepared to rid themselves of 
the raiders.  So what came to be called the last raid was made.  
They called in THE MINUTE MEN, an organization created to protect 
the nation.  When the final conflict came there were some 400 
Caddoes involved.  They began burning houses, destroying property 
and gathering up large number of cattle and horses.

	When they returned to their camps to celebrate their supposed 
victory, the Minute Men charged into the herds of cattle and horses 
causing them to stampede.  Next they battled the Caddoes.  So many 
were killed or wounded the fled to the timbered hills near by, which 
wasn't much protection.  Eventually "The last Caddo Indian was 
killed near the only spring where water could be gotten - A monument 
to this even will go down in history for those were the "Caddo 
Hills" - after which the town was named.  Those hills many be seen 
by the citizens of Caddo on any clear day." (Ibid, p. 167). 

1870-1890

	Sarah Ann Harlan was born Jan. 1828, died Dec. 14, 1926.  The 
MOTHER OF CADDO is the inscription on her tombstone.  She is buried 
in the Caddo 'Gethesemane' Cemetery.  Besides her lies her husband 
whose marker reads "Aaron Harlan, born Dec. 18, 1811.  Died ril 3, 
1876".

	She left some of the early history of Caddo in her MEMOIR'S 
dictated to her granddaughter, Mrs. Julia V. Underwood in 1913.  
They are published in the CHRONICLES OF OKLAHOMA, Summer 1961, pp. 
158-59 and Autumn, 1961, 312-333.  She married Aaron in 1866 after 
the death of her first husband E.B. Hawkins.  He was a widower with 
six children, she a widow with two.

	They are important to Caddo for many reasons.  Major Harlan 
built the first store in Caddo which occupied the site where C.A. 
Hancock's store stood later.  Mrs. Harlan, along with Mrs. Susan 
Burke organized the First Methodist, South, Blue County, I.T. Oct. 
11, 1873.  She was a good friend of Robert J. Hogue, who constituted 
the Caddo Baptist Church.  He mentions visiting her when he came to 
Caddo to preach.

	When the M.K.T. began laying rails from the Kansas border to 
Texas, after the Civil War, Mr. Harlan followed the construction 
hunting a place for his Tishomingo business.  When the R.R. came to 
a place about 30 miles from the Texas line, the civil engineer told 
him that would be an established depot and would be a good place for 
him to locate.  He staked out a place of business and erected his 
building at Caddo Station, as depot was called.

	According to Mrs. Harlan, a Mr. Jewell, who worked for the 
R.R. named the soon-to-be-town.  It became the terminus for the R.R. 
until it was extended into Texas.  Harlan left his business in 
charge of Jewell who proved to be dishonest as Harlan was away much 
of the time, so it went bankrupt.

	Mrs. Harlan kept boarders after she persuaded her husband to 
let her do so.  She charged $5.00 a week, board only, the same as 
the hotel charged.  Harlan set up a business of his own again about 
84 miles west of Caddo where he took sick and died.  His wife 
brought his body back to Caddo for burial.  She kept her home in 
Caddo for several years afterwards, mothering many orphans as well 
as educating her own two daughters.  She lived 40 years as a widow, 
spending her last days among friends in the Confederate Home at 
Ardmore where she died.

	One of her best remembered remarks was: "That she saw Caddo 
grow from two or three houses and a R.R. camp on the prairie beside 
the M.K.T. to a thriving busy town of 2,500 by 1902."

	According to Daniel G. Blakeley, former city clerk, the land 
site of Caddo was obtained in 1872 by a patent issued by the 
Government instead of a deed, since Oklahoma was not a state at that 
time.  It is still in effect and serves the same purpose as a deed.  
It originally came from the Choctaws.

	The M.K.T. reached Caddo in the latter part of 1872 and on 
Christmas day of that year crossed the Texas Border into Denison, 
Tex.  After this Caddo became an important freighting and trading 
center.  By 1873 about 400 people had clustered around the depot 
which became a tent city.  The depot was a frame structure about 
600' long, but yet was overtaxed when government freight was 
unloaded.  Often as many as 1,000 people were encamped near the 
station which burned about the time of statehood.  Box cars were 
used until a new building was erected about one mile south of the 
old site.

	Again trains were sent out from the station to various towns.  
However when the Ft. Worth and Denver R.R. was constructed reaching 
Henrietta, Tex. In 1885, Caddo station began to dwindle in 
importance.  

Some businesses built around it were:  The Adam's Express Co., I.W. 
Stone, Agent; The Planter's House, A. Carney, proprietor; J.W. 
Robbins, Carpenter & Undertaker; and V.E. and E.L. Fisher, Stage 
Lines, W.A. Welch, agent.

Other businesses were:  Mercantile lines owned by Messers Cox, 
W.H. Ainsworth and W.S. Burke; J.S. Hancock, hotel proprietor, (his 
first venture being a large tent situated north of Ainsworth's 
store, which then became the Southern Hotel); Dr. J.B. Jones who 
owned a drug store; harness maker, W.F. Booker; livery stable ran by 
F.M. Fox and Dick Locke, who later became a noted politician; and 
Pete Hamer's blacksmith shop.

In 1872, settlers lived in tents until homes could be built.  
Cowboy Pink Williams, former Oklahoma State Treasurer, whose father 
was in the hardware business said that many times when the tents 
were brought in on trains and loaded on his wagons, they were never 
unloaded in the stores because of the immediate demand for them.  
Early businesses were carried on in frame buildings which were 
destroyed by fire in 1898.  Side walks were of wood.  Roads were not 
graveled.  Sometimes mud would be knee deep on Main Street, which 
ran and still runs north and south, west of the R.R. followed by 
highway 69-75 today.

1890-1920

Caddo's real wealth was outside the city limits because of the 
rich land surrounding it.  Fine harvests of corn, oats, cotton and 
sugar cane were raised on the 80 acre farms, the average size in 
those days.  Ranching also had a place in the economy.  Since there 
were no fences cattle strayed from ranch to ranch so spring round-
ups were necessary.

Cotton ginning became profitable because of the large crops of 
cotton.  At one time there were five gins in the late 1800s and 
early 1900's; The Mebane, Choctaw Oil Mill, Farmer's Gin, Round 
Bale, Semple and later Joe Brown's gins.  About 1900 the Choctaw Gin 
Company which owned 100 gins in Okla. built the largest in Caddo.  
By 1890 Caddo was the largest cotton market in I.T.  The first 
federal census taken that year records a population of 2,170.  Even 
in the 1880's she was the second largest, giving first place to 
Muskogee.

Hotel and Banking prospered during these early years.  One 
large hotel owned by W.J. Moon was built in 1905 and called the 
'Moon Hotel'.  The first bank was the Choctaw national Bank 
organized Dec. 1899 by Harry M. Dunlap.  It became the Security 
National about 1910.  The Oklahoma State Bank was established in the 
early 1890's operated by A.F. Manning.  The bank of today, The Bryan 
County National Bank, Bill Miller, President, had its roots in the 
Caddo National Bank.  The name was changed later to First State 
Bank, directed by Dan Mason.  He sold it to Howard Holmes, who in 
turn sold it to T.D. Call.  In 1952 G.A. Mason bought it.  While he 
owned it, the deposits grew from about $200,000 to $2,000,000 in 
eleven years.  Nolan Watson bought it in 1963.

Caddo became an incorporated town, Nov. 27, 1898.  The 
articles of incorporation were given to the town by the U.S. Court 
at Muskogee and are still in effect.   The original site of the town 
remains the same with the exception of three new additions, Manning, 
MKT, and Katy Heights.

The type of government is statutory-council-mayor, which is 
that a councilman from each of the town's five wards is elected by 
the citizens of Caddo.  They then elect a chairman who is acting 
mayor.  The first mayor is given as Charlie McPherren and the second 
as Charlie Manning.  At present the mayor is Roger George.  Other 
elected officials are treasurer & city clerk.  City personnel are 
City Foreman, Street Superintendent, City Marshall and Judge.  
Council meets the first Monday night of each month and is an open 
meeting.

At one time Caddo aspired to be the County seat of Bryan 
County.  Several events blocked her ambition.  Among them was the 
east-west line of the Frisco R.R. crossing the north-south line of 
M.K.T. at Durant, which then became more populous with more jobs and 
more influence.

Another setback came when the Curtis Act provided for 24 
recording districts with Federal Court held in each recording town.  
The present limits of Bryan County were recording district No. 25.  
Both towns tried to get close to the center of a district and be 
named a recording town.  Durant won.

Then when the statehood bill was passed, provision was made 
for the electing of delegates to the Constitutional Convention.  
Caddo succeeded in being placed in a district that did not contain 
Durant.  Bob Williams was elected to represent the Durant District 
and Gabe Parker the one that contained Caddo, Bennington, and 
Bokchito.  He proposed Bennington as the county seat of his district 
and Williams, Durant.  Williams won.

COMMUNICATION

	Early communication to and from Caddo was carried on by the 
pony express and Butterfield Overland Mail Line.  The latter's 
headquarters were at Ft. Smith, Ark and ended at Colbert's Ferry on 
Red River.  Of the 11 stations between the two, Boggy Depot and 
Nail's Crossing were most closely connected with Caddo.

	Then came the Katy which carried mail that was dropped off at 
each station that had an established post office.  Caddo's was 
established dec. 19, 1872 with W.S. Burke as the first postmaster.  
Ben Ray Karnes is the present one.  In the early 1900's and before, 
the mail was strung on a hook that extended from a pole near the 
track.  Someone met the train, picked up the mail and carried it to 
the P.O.  Ruby Barker performed this duty for many years during the 
early and middle 1900's.

	Other forms of communication were telephones, telegraphs and 
newspapers.  Pinckney Williams said the first telephone company in 
Caddo was the Pioneer, owned privately.  Its office was over the 
building where Wingfield's T.V. shop is today.  The Pioneer 
Telephone and Telegraph Co. was organized in 1902 to replace the 
Arkansas Valley Co. organized in 1897.  It absorbed other exchanges 
in the next year or two but was purchased by the Missouri and Kansas 
Telephone Co. in 1904 which in 1917 changed its name to Southwestern 
Bell Telephone Co. and is still going.

	Newspapers were published in I.T. soon after the removal of 
the Choctaws to Oklahoma.  Caddo's first known paper began Jan. 14, 
1874, and was the first to use the word Oklahomain in its title.  
The editor was W. J. Hemby, a practical printer.  He employed 
Granville McPherson as editor.  His policy stated in the April 3, 
1874 issue read, "My aim and object will be to conduct the OKLAHOMA 
STAR in what I conceive to be the interest of the I.T. as a whole, 
and the local interests of the Choctaws and Chickasaw especially, 
without subversing the ends of any particular party or faction.  His 
motto, "Progress and a Higher Civilization."  McPherson bought the 
paper in 1876, but in 1877 consolidated it with the STAR-VINDICATOR, 
Rev. J. S. Morrow, joint co-owner.  It was then moved to McAlester.

	Two other papers in Caddo's early days were the CADDO-
INTERNATIONAL NEWS, 1877 published by Hunter Brothers, and the CADDO 
FREE PRESS, established 1878.  The Nov. 25, 1878 copy gave Neely 
Thompson as editor and Israel W. Stone as publisher.

	A fourth paper, the CADDO BANNER, seemingly the beginning of 
the permanent one known today as the BRYAN COUNT STAR, was 
established in 1891 by J.Y. Shencke as editor and publisher.  He 
sold it in 1895 to John S. Hancock who named it the CADDO HERALD.  
He was editor until 1900 when George McQuaid became editor.  G.A. 
Crossett became the publisher in 1901 after the death of Hancock.  
At that time it was described as the 'Pride of the Town'.  During 
the next two years its circulation was estimated at 1,000.  It 
remained the one and only paper in Caddo until shortly before the 
death of Crossett in Dec. 1948, when the DURANT DAILY DEMOCRAT 
bought and published it for a few months.  It was not revived until 
about 20 years later.

	Then in Sept. 1961 Alvin J. Morris of Antlers bought it and 
placed E.D. (Pop) Atterbury as the editor.  The name was changed to 
the THE CADDO STAR then to its current one, BRYAN COUNTY STAR in 
1967.  The first issue came out Sept. 18, 1961.

	The Star Staff was joined in the early 60's by Joe Meadows, 
Caddo rural mail carrier, to help the aging editor.  Upon his 
retirement, Meadows and his wife along with their three daughters 
took over the publishing of the paper.  They were joined in 1970 by 
Max, Joe's brother, who bought it in 1971.  He ran it until Bob and 
B.L. Swearengin bought it.  The latter sold the paper to Charles 
Murray about the last of 1977, who was editor and publisher until he 
sold it to Plyler Printing Co. of Durant about 1980.  It is still 
going strong with the last mentioned owners and publishers.

1920-50

	Electricity was brought to Caddo by the Oklahoma Gas and 
Electric Company in the early 1920's.  Rural electrification came 
later through the Southeaster Electric Coop, helping the agriculture 
areas.  The closest oil discovery that ever came to Caddo was on the 
farm of Peter Maytubby, six miles SW of the town.  This was the 
fourth showing of oil in Oklahoma.  It showed up as a fine green oil 
on the water springs located there.  The name became Maytubby 
Springs which became a health resort in time for a short time.  The 
Indians frequented the springs in great number.  They lit their 
camps by the gas by inserting tubes or gun barrels in the ground.  
The land and sick from Arkansas, Missouri, and Texas visited this 
and other springs in I.T. as their fame spread in the period 
following the Civil War.  Today it is a forgotten spot of history.

	1927 found Caddo a busy little town.  The seven grocery stores 
were Hancock's, Hub Meadow's, John Drake's, Henry Bass's, Roy 
Barbee's, Earl Phillip's and Lake Brewer's.  Dry Good Stores were 
owned by Boone and Starne, Isador Schaffer, Charlie Rice, Benjamin 
Jacob and Nathan.  Talmadge Markham owned a variety store on the 
north side of Buffalo St., which was now the street most businesses 
were on.  Two produce houses were owned by Charlie Rice and Davis.  
The two drugstores were Guthrie's and McIntosh's.  Lingo Leeper 
owned the lumber yard.  A Fordson Tractor dealer was located at 201 
Buffalo.  There were also two movie theaters, service stations and 
barber shops.  The four doctors at this time were Dr. Roy Cochran, 
Dr. Dickie, Dr. Rappolee and Dr. Nettleton.  A Red Ball Bus Line 
stopped at Guthrie's Drug.  A bakery shop was on the north side of 
Buffalo east of the Paris Saddle Shop.  Ford House was owned and 
operated by Carl Johnson. 

1950-82

	Businesses now are Jordan's Plumbing and Appliances, Buck 
Henry's Ice Cream Parlor, grocery stores owned by Ray Hall, Bill 
Mullens, Ira Washington, Meadow's, which later became Hollis 
Calhoun's grocery and today is the Cain's Discount Store.  Henry 
Bass sold his store to Billy Nickles which in turn became the 
property of Melvin Sherrer and is owned today by Jerry Marsh.  The 
Little Dixie Café was operated by Dee Rippy, then by Lloyd Foster.  
Other businesses were: the Rex Theater owned by Armon Womble, (None 
today, 1982), I. Schaffer's Dry Goods, Arvin Ellis's Drug Store, 
John Boland's Law Office over Scharfer's, Craighead's Variety (still 
going strong under the ownership of daughter, Maurine), and a pool 
hall operated by Earl Phelps.  Upon the death of the last, the 
building became the property of the city, willed to it by the owner.  
The building has been used for a medical clinic, but is now standing 
silent as the town has no doctor at this time.

	Roy and Tommy Jones' Service Station was and is located on the 
east end of Buffalo Street on the south side.  On the north side 
were: Homer Lockridge's Café, Mr. Lester's pool Hall, Barker's Dry 
Good Store, Pete Birdsong's Barber Shop, First State Bank, Red 
Raspberry's Cleaners and Insurance Co., Stair's Automatic Washer, 
(owned today by the Delbert Birdsongs), Leola's Beauty Shop, Clovis 
Calhoun's Auto Supply, and Richard Hills Welding Shop, The only 
doctor was Roy Cochran.

	The only businesses on the north in 1982 are the bank, 
Raspberry's Cleaners and the BeautyShop.  Wingfield's T.V. Repairs 
occupies the building where the auto supplies were.

	A non-profit business started December 11, 1967 is the Caddo 
Nursing Home.  The project began in the mid-sixties, when the late 
Dr. R.L. Cochran talked to the City Council about securing funds to 
construct a small facility.  The Dr. along with druggist George 
Smith, Len Ruyle and C.C. Calhoun, began looking at other small 
homes around the state.  Funds were secured from the U.S. Department 
of Housing and Urban Development.  The home has about 15 employees 
and thirty patients.

	In 1973, the town council and citizens started a project to 
improve sewage and disposal facilities.  (Water first came to Caddo 
in 1909.  Before that wells and cisterns were used.  In that year 
pipe lines were laid to Blue dam to bring water to Caddo.  At a 
later date the pipe line was sold and someone dug it up.)  
Arrangements were made to borrow $175,000 from the government.  When 
the money became available in 1975 work was begun and completed in 
1976.  The loan is to be paid back over a period of 40 years at .05 
percent interest.

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION

	Caddo celebrated its 100th birthday during the week of August 
14, 1972.  Cowboy Pinckney Williams was over-all Chairman and guided 
the week's events to a successful conclusion.  They started with the 
closing of the Queen's race on Monday at 6:00 p.m.  Shannon 
Whizenhunt, a sophomore at Southeastern was the Queen, crowned by 
Billy Miller, who had won the beard-growing contest.  Pam Hopkins, a 
senior at Caddo High was crowned Indian Princess by Homer Freeney.

	Games were enjoyed by everyone.  They included nail-driving, 
sack races, horseshoe pitching, three-legged race, log hauling, etc.  
Thursday opened the Caddo Roundup Club's IRA Rodeo with a parade at 
6:00 p.m. led by a band from Sheppard Air Force Base.  A capsule was 
buried in front of the community building on Saturday at 2:00 p.m. 
containing newspapers, church records, a telephone book, a rodeo 
program and other odds and ends.  It is to be dug up in 2022.

	In 1976 another celebration took place in Caddo during the 
month of July, when the country's Bicentennial was commemorated.  It 
was sponsored by the Woman's Music and Literary Club who elected 
Mrs. Erma L. Taylor and Neal Milligan as Co-Chairpersons.  Some of 
the events that were high-lighted under the leadership of various 
committees were:  Flag Raising Ceremony, April 5, during which an 
American and Oklahoma flag were given to the town by Guy Davis.  
Also, the Bicentennial Certificate and flag were Presidential gifts 
brought by Mrs. Simon from the City.

	Two other events of long lasting effect was first the 
completion and presentation of the History of Caddo, Kadohadacho, by 
Mrs. Janet Jenkins and Erma L. Taylor as co-authors, assisted by the 
1975-76 Junior and Senior English classes of Mrs. Jenkins.  500 
copies were sold.  The second event was the beginning and 
establishment of the CADDO INDIAN TERRITORY MUSEUM AND LIBRARY, 
which had its roots I the dream of Mrs. Beulah Markham.

	For some years before the Bicentennial Mrs. Markham had been 
talking and gathering artifacts for such a museum in Caddo.  These, 
along with a large number of other items were displayed at the 
community building on Sunday and Monday of Bicentennial Week, June 
28-July 3.  The artifacts and a host of others collected since, are 
resting in the Museum building on the north side of Buffalo Street, 
business district.  They range from an antique wine press and wooden 
washing machine to a button hook from I. Schaffer Dry Goods and J.J. 
(Pop) Geck's baton.  It is well worth anyone's time to browse 
through it.  Mrs. Markham continues to direct and search for 
memorabilia for it.

	The passing of two of Caddo's long time citizens of note threw 
a shadow across the Bicentennial year.  These were James Pinckney 
(Cowboy) Williams, former Lieutenant Governor under Raymond Gary and 
State Treasurer and Homer Michael Freeney.  The first passed away in 
March and the other in December, 1976.

	Williams, 83, was born April 9, 1892, in Newberry, S.C.  His 
father, Douglas Burton Williams, brought the family to Caddo in 1900 
and became a partner in the Walters and Williams furniture Co. here.  
He married Daisy Lane, April 5, 1913.  In 1919 he became a partner 
with Fred Harle in the Williams and Harle Furniture Co. Durant.  
Later he lived in Ardmore where he built "Paridise Vista", the first 
tourist court there and then in Tucson, Ariz., before returning to 
his ranch north of Caddo.

	Freeny was born Nov. 28, 1898, son of Judge R.C. Freeny and 
Josephine Baxter Freeny, in Freeny Valley, Caddo, I.T.  He was 
educated at Armstrong Academy, Bokchito, Jones Academy, Harshorne, 
Caddo High, Southeastern, and Oklahoma State University.  He was a 
farmer-rancher, bookkeeper, school teacher and was county treasurer 
for 24 consecutive years of Bryan County.

	Today, Caddo is a quiet town with her own private problems.  
She may not big in numbers, but is big in heart, as has been proven 
over the years when the deep needs of many people have been met by 
the kindness and generosity of her citizens.

	One of these needs was met when "Golden Acres" was dreamed, 
planned and built under the leadership of Rev. Bud Jenkins, pastor 
First Baptist Church.  This housing addition is on the north side of 
Caddo and provides homes for the elderly that desire this type of 
residence.

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Written by Erma L. Taylor