Philadelphia Seminary Biographical Record, Philadelphia, PA - Historical Summary, pp. 3-24 Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by Judy Banja jbanja@msn.com Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/pafiles.htm _______________________________________________ THE PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD 1864-1923 Edited by LUTHER D. REED, '95 MT. AIRY, PHILADELPHIA ISSUED BY THE SEMINARY AND THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 1923 HENRY E. JACOBS, D.D., S.T.D., LL.D. [portrait] PRESIDENT OF THE SEMINARY WHO THIS YEAR, 1923, COMPLETES FORTY YEARS OF SERVICE AS A PROFESSOR 3 CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 7 HISTORICAL SUMMARY 9 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 25 THE FACULTY 34 THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 52 THE ALUMNI 65 GRADUATES OF OTHER SEMINARIES 251 INDEX OF NAMES 253 5 FOREWORD The editor of this Biographical Record of the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia writes these final words out of a thankful heart - not so much because the task is finished, as because it was so well worth the doing. The impatience aroused by vexatious difficulties and delays in securing information, and the regret felt in writing the unhappy history of a very few names, are all forgotten in the overwhelming sense of consecrated endeavor and divine blessing represented in the records of more than one thousand men, whom the Philadelphia Seminary helped to prepare for the Ministry of the Gospel. The Seminary and the Church may well be proud of such a record of constructive achievement and spiritual influence affecting hundreds of thousands of souls in our congregations and communities. It is a record of preaching and teaching and pastoral care; of missionary zeal and self-sacrifice in the great cities, on the frontiers and in foreign lands; of editorial labors and authorship; of administrative responsibilities and committee tasks; of watchfulness and prayer and loving service in the spirit and Name of Jesus Christ by men who dedicated their lives and their gifts to Him and to His Church, and whose ministry has been wonderfully blest. Such a record compels not only admiration, but reverence and thanksgiving. This volume was projected by the Alumni Association and the editor was appointed by it. The Seminary has cordially furthered the work and assisted in its publication. The editorial plan provides brief biographical sketches of all professors and alumni, with trustworthy information objectively and uniformly given. Parishes served, with dates, are given as fully as possible, but it has been found impracticable to give detailed parochial statistics, such as accessions, financial statements, church building programs, etc., and these have been omitted from all records. Official positions in Synods and General Bodies are indicated, but Conference positions have not been included. An effort has been made to record committee work when particularly important or of long duration. Positions of honor and trust and influential work in the community have been noted so far as possible, and an especial effort has been made fully to record all literary work of consequence. The attempt to include complete records of the many special and other students who spent a year or more in the Seminary, but did not graduate, proved impracticable and the plan was abandoned. It was only with the greatest difficulty that exact information could be 6 FOREWORD obtained concerning some of the early graduates, many of whom are deceased, others no longer in the ministry, etc. The records of quite a few other alumni presented almost as great difficulty, because repeated requests for information were ignored, and questionnaires not returned. But in nearly all these cases, correspondence with relatives, classmates and friends, and persistent searching of Faculty and Archive material, the Minutes of Synods, College and Seminary Catalogs, Synodical, Conference, and congregational histories, and obituary notices in Church almanacs and weeklies, have yielded some facts. With several hundred thousand separate items recorded it is too much to hope for entire accuracy, and the editor will be grateful for corrections and important additions that should be made in future editions. The compilation of such a Record would have been impossible without the cordial assistance of many persons, and this is gratefully acknowledged. But the editor is particularly indebted to President Henry E. Jacobs, whose unflagging interest in the work from its beginning to its conclusion led him to give to it many hours of valuable time, and supplied exact information and innumerable "clues" leading to results otherwise unattainable; and to Miss Mary E. Kaighn, Assistant Librarian of the Krauth Memorial Library, whose painstaking researches and intelligent handling of the material have contributed to the fullness and accuracy of the Record. The Rev. Clarence H. Swavely, '22, now of the India Mission Field, also made extensive searches and prepared a large part of the manuscript for the printer. THE SEMINARY MID-LENT, 1923 CAMPUS FROM LIBRARY ENTRANCE [photo] 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS + - deceased assoc. - associate (pastor), association asst. - assistant (pastor) b. - born bd. - board Ch. - Church Col. - College Com. - Committee contr. - contributor d. - died ed. - editor, edited G. C. - General Council Institution and dates - attendance Institution and year - graduation instr. - instructor Luth. - Lutheran m. - married mem. - member Min. Pa. - Ministerium of Pennsylvania N. Y. Min. - Ministerium of New York ord. - ordained pres. - president prin. - principal prof. - professor s. - son sch. - school sec. - secretary Sem. - Seminary stud. - student Syn. - Synod tr. - translated treas. - treasurer U. - University U. L. C. - United Lutheran Church DOORWAY TO THE REFECTORY [photo] 8 THE OLD SEMINARY ON FRANKLIN STREET [photo] 9 HISTORICAL SUMMARY With the farseeing vision that characterized all his activities, the Patriarch Henry Melchior Muhlenberg from the very beginning saw that the establishment of a Theological Seminary in or near Philadelphia for the training of Lutheran ministers was one of the most important objects comprehended in his call. Accordingly, in 1749, one year after the Ministerium of Pennsylvania was organized, he bought a lot of ground in the city and deeded it to Dr. Ziegenhagen in London and Dr. Francke in Halle to be held in trust for this purpose. While the project was long delayed, the Minutes of the Ministerium, especially in 1769, 1773, 1804, 1805, 1820, show that it never departed from the mind of the Church, and repeated plans were proposed and efforts made toward its beginning. To supply the lack of an institution, the Ministerium from time to time appointed certain of its abler members to give candidates for the ministry the needed preparation. In 1804 the Revs. F. V. Melsheimer, J. H. Helmuth, D.D., J. F. Schmidt, D.D., J. G. Lochman, D.D., F. W. Geissenhainer, D.D., and C. Streit, were elected theological instructors to whom students should resort, and some $500 were contributed as the nucleus of a Seminary Fund. Dr. Demme, Dr. Mann and others later gave similar private instruction. Many useful ministers and some of the more influential leaders of the Church were thus trained in the parsonages of busy pastors. An unsuccessful attempt was made (1842-44) to unite in the support of the College and Seminary at Columbus, Ohio, where Dr. C. F. Schaeffer was for some years a theological professor, and to which institution Dr. C. R. Demme had also been called. About 1850 a beginning was made of a union with the institutions at Gettysburg, when the interests of the Ministerium in Franklin College, at Lancaster, Pa., were sold to the Reformed Church, and the proceeds used to establish the Franklin Professorship at Pennsylvania (now Gettysburg) College. In 1850 Dr. F. A. Muhlenberg became the first incumbent of this professorship. In 1856 the Ministerium added another professorship, whose incumbent had the double duty of teaching Theology in German in the Seminary and teaching the German Language and Literature in the College. This professorship was partially endowed through the indefatigable efforts of the Rev. Benjamin Keller by collections made principally from congregations of the Ministerium. From 1856 to 1864 it was filled by Dr. C. F. Schaeffer, who in the latter year was transferred to Philadelphia. When the Ministerium had founded its own Seminary at Philadelphia and its College at Allentown, all claims to rights arising from its former relations were ultimately relinquished. 10 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD During the convulsion of the Civil War, in 1864, the importance of the establishment of a Theological Seminary in the place originally designed for it by Muhlenberg became apparent. It was confidently expected that with such an institution unreservedly based upon the Lutheran Confessions, with a longer course of study than was then usual, and with the wants of all parts of the Church in view, all the rapidly expanding needs of the Church, both in English and in German, throughout the whole country, would be better met than ever before. 1864 President C. W. Schaeffer, D.D., in his annual report to the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, meeting in Pottstown, Pa., called attention to "the duty of making more ample provision for the education of pastors . . . . The necessity of definite and liberal action is now upon us. . . ." May 25th, the Ministerium resolved, "That in the Name of the Lord we now determine to undertake the establishment of a Theological Seminary." A Committee consisting of the Revs. C. F. Welden, W. J. Mann, F. C. H. Lampe, and Messrs. C. F. Norton and Charles A. Heinitsh presented a plan the following day. Consideration was postponed to a special meeting, held July 26th in Allentown. The first three items, viz., that the Seminary should be unreservedly based on all the Lutheran Confessions, that it should be located in Philadelphia, and that instruction should be in English and in German, were adopted. Another Committee, consisting of the Revs. G. F. Krotel, J. Kohler, F. W. Geissenhainer, J. T. Vogelbach, and Messrs. G. Lindauer, James Dinkey and Charles A. Heinitsh, reported further plans the following day, recommending three regular professors, one to have charge of the English Department, one of the German Department, and one to cover both languages; and several assistant professors. This was adopted and Dr. C. F. Schaeffer was elected the first regular professor; Dr. W. J. Mann, Professor in the German Department; and Dr. C. P. Krauth, Professor in the English Department. Drs. C. W. Schaeffer and G. F. Krotel were elected Assistant Professors. It was also resolved to invite neighboring Synods to co-operate, any Synod endowing a Professorship to have the right to nominate the incumbent, with final election by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. A provisional Board of Directors, consisting of eleven ministers and nine laymen, was elected, and steps were taken to open the Seminary at once and to secure endowment. The following constituted this provisional Board of Directors: Ministers: the Revs. W. J. Eyer, F. W. Geissenhainer, D.D., C. F. Welden, D.D., G. A. Wenzel, D.D. J. T. Vogelbach B. M. Schmucker, D.D., S. K. Brobst, J. Kohler, D.D., G. F. Miller J. J. Kuendig, F. Herold. Laymen: Dr. F. A. Muhlenberg, Dr. H. H. Muhlenberg, 11 HISTORICAL SUMMARY H. Trexler, C. F. Norton, L. L. Houpt, C. Pretz, Lewis Bremer, Frederick Genuth, James Dinkey. October 3d the Professors were installed at a service in St. John's Church, the opening address being made by Dr. F. W. Geissenhainer, President of the Board; the charge to the Professors given by the Rev. B. M. Schmucker, English Secretary, and the inaugural in behalf of the Faculty by Dr. Krauth. October 4th, the Seminary opened in rooms on the second floor of the Lutheran Publication Society, 42 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, with eleven students. Mr. Charles F. Norton, of St. Mark's Church, Philadelphia, son-in-law of the Rev. Benjamin Keller, gave $30,000 to endow the first Professorship. The Philadelphia Seminary was the first Lutheran institution in the country to provide a standard course in Theology covering three full years. 1865 June 14th, the endowment of the second Professorship was assumed by the Ministerium. The purchase of a Seminary building, 212 Franklin Street, north of Race Street, was approved, and a Constitution adopted. 1866 The first annual report of the Board of Directors showed twenty-five students in attendance, and subscriptions totaling $80,000. All funds were held by the Ministerium in trust for the Seminary. 1867 The first class to receive three years' instruction, and consisting of eight members, graduated. 1869 The Board of Directors was authorized to procure ground and erect a suitable building, but was not financially able to do so. 1871 Total funds in possession of the Seminary were reported as $76,000, of which $10,000 was invested in the Seminary building. The salary of the regular Professors was reported as entirely inadequate, one of them only having received one-third of his salary to date, and the Assistant Professors having received no compensation whatsoever. 12 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD 1872 The Ministerium of New York offered to endow a Professorship and to pay $2,000 a year salary for a Professor until the endowment was completed, which plan was accepted by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Anna M. Burkhalter, of Trinity Church, New York City, also announced her intention of endowing an English Professorship. 1873 Dr. C. W. Schaeffer accepted the call as a regular Professor on the Burkhalter Foundation. The Ministerium accepted the total payments of $24,820 made by St. John's Church, Philadelphia, as entitling the congregation to a Professorship. Dr. C. F. Schaeffer was named as the first incumbent. The use of a building lot adjoining the Seminary building was given by Zion's and St. Paul's congregations, and the Seminary building was enlarged to accommodate sixty students, and opened February 10th. The Rev. C. F. Heyer was secured as House Chaplain and served until his death, in 1874. Sunday Schools and other societies contributed $2,200 toward furnishing the rooms. The Rev. A. Spaeth was elected to the New York Ministerium Professorship, and September 10th he and Dr. C. W. Schaeffer were installed, thus making five regular professors in the Faculty. 1875 Fifty-six students were reported in attendance. Dr. Mann became House Chaplain. 1879 The number of members of the Board was changed to forty, of whom thirty-two were elected by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and eight by the New York Ministerium. This ratio was determined by the fact that the Ministerium of Pennsylvania had contributed $170,000 for buildings and endowment, and the New York Ministerium had assumed responsibility for $30,000. 1881 The question of possible removal to secure more healthful conditions was discussed. Several deaths had occurred among the students in previous years. The need for proper room for the Library and for a resident Professor was greatly felt. 1882 Theodore E. Schmauk, then a student in the Seminary, reorganized the Library and founded and edited the Indicator. 13 HISTORICAL SUMMARY 1883 January 2d, Dr. Krauth died. His family presented the greater part of his library, considered one of the finest private theological collections in the country, to the Seminary. The Ministerium accepted it for the Institution and provided an annuity of $500 in favor of Mrs. Krauth, which was continued until her death in 1900. The Ministerium undertook as part of the celebration of the 400th anniversary of Luther's birth, to enter upon an effort to erect new buildings. May 16th, Dr. Henry E. Jacobs was elected Norton Professor of Systematic Theology to succeed Dr. Krauth. 1884 A Committee of the Board of Directors appointed to examine sites, after considering more than a hundred, recommended the purchase of a tract of six acres beyond the Fifty-second Street Station of the Pennsylvania Railroad in West Philadelphia. The Library was stored in a warehouse. The Rev. Reuben Hill, D.D., was called as Agent of the Seminary, October 1st. 1885 The West Philadelphia site was purchased for $24,506.85. Sixty-two students in the Seminary. 1886 April 12th, a special meeting of the Board considered a report of the Building Committee, which, because of dissatisfaction with the West Philadelphia site, had examined twenty additional sites, and recommended the purchase of a property in Mt. Airy. June 14th, this location was visited, and the Ministerium, at its meeting, authorized the purchase of the Mt. Airy property, nearly six acres, on Germantown Avenue at Allen Lane, for $35,741.83. The Synod authorized an issue of bonds for $30,000 and the sale of the Fifty-second Street property. The sum of $100,000 was apportioned to the parishes to secure funds for new buildings. The Mt. Airy property was purchased from the Gowen family, September 29th. It is rich in historical associations, being the former home of Chief Justice Allen prior to the Revolution, and the actual site of the beginning of the Battle of Germantown. Later a Military Academy and afterwards an Agricultural College had been conducted here. 1888 April 15th, work was begun on the new dormitory, a three-story building approximately 110 feet square, composed of seven compartments 14 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD separated by fireproof walls grouped about a central court 37 by 80 feet, the arrangement providing a bedroom and a study communicating, to be used jointly by two students. May 22d, the cornerstone was laid by Dr. Krotel, President of the Ministerium, with addresses by Professors C. W. Schaeffer and W. J. Mann. October 15th, Dr. B. M. Schmucker, for twenty-four years Secretary of the Board of Directors, died. 1889 Dr. Hill was made General Superintendent of the grounds and buildings. October 4th, on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the original opening of the Seminary on North Ninth Street, the new buildings at Mt. Airy were dedicated, and the Seminary began its work there. In the first twenty-five years of its history 321 graduates had left its walls. Several thousand people were reported present at the dedication. The Matin Service was used. Dr. Seiss, President of the Board, delivered the address and conducted the Service of Dedication. Dr. Krotel and Dr. Spaeth also delivered addresses. The exercises in the afternoon were in charge of the Rev. C. J. Hirzel, President of the Alumni Association, and there were addresses by the Rev. E. T. Horn, of Charleston, S. C.; A. Richter, Rochester, N. Y. (German); W. A. Passavant, Jr., of Pittsburgh; J. J. Heischmann, of New York, and Dr. D. H. Geissinger, of Easton. A memorial number of the Indicator, founded by Dr. Schmauk and now edited by the Rev. Paul G. Klingler, contained the program of exercises, extracts of the addresses, etc. The first edition of 3,000 copies was exhausted and a second printed. Professor H. E. Jacobs was appointed Resident Professor and placed in charge of the inner administration. 1891 May 19th, twenty-seven students were graduated and eighty-nine were reported in attendance during the year. A home for the Resident Professor was erected at a cost of $8,000. Professor H. V. Hilprecht, Ph.D., of the University of Pennsylvania, was elected Assistant Professor of Old Testament Language and Theology. The Rev. Jacob Fry, D.D., of Reading, Pa., was elected St. John's Professor of Homiletics. The installation service was held September 21st. 1892 Dr. Mann, who had been disabled by illness in November, resigned his Professorship and was made Professor Emeritus. He died June 19th. 15 HISTORICAL SUMMARY Dr. Hilprecht resigned his Assistant Professorship after serving one year. Dr. Spaeth spent the winter in Italy to regain impaired health. The old Seminary property on Franklin Street was sold for $18,450. 1893 January 10th, the Synod in special session approved a revised Constitution of the Seminary, and recommended its legal incorporation. The proposed Charter was adopted by the Synod at its regular meeting, May 29th. The number of directors was fixed at thirty-six, of which the Ministerium of Pennsylvania should elect at least twenty-four. 1894 A legacy of $10,000 was received from the estate of Mr. Isaac Fegely, of Pottstown. The house for the use of Professor Spaeth was built next to Professor Jacobs' home on Boyer Street. Dr. C. W. Schaeffer resigned his Professorship and was made Professor Emeritus, continuing lectures on Pastoral Theology, and presiding over the Faculty until his death, in 1896. Dr. Spaeth, withdrawing from the New York Ministerium's Professorship, was elected in place of Dr. Mann to the German Professorship of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. The Rev. G. F. Spieker, D.D., of Allentown, Pa., was elected to the Burkhalter Professorship. October 9th, Thirtieth Anniversary celebrated with gratifying results. This was the first "Seminary Day," as similar exercises in succeeding years were known. Proceeds of offerings used for much needed repairs of grounds and buildings. 1895 March 3d, Dr. Reuben Hill, Superintendent of Grounds and Buildings, died. Office abolished and duties transferred to the Dean. A student Glee Club was organized which gave concerts and secured other gifts amounting in all to $700. Permission having been secured, these funds were used to put a second story in the stone barn on the grounds and fit it up as a gymnasium. 1896 March 15th, Dr. C. W. Schaeffer died. A legacy amounting to $53,553 was received from the estate of Henry Singmaster and his wife, Rosanna Singmaster, of Stroudsburg, Pa. 16 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD Miss Elizabeth Schaeffer, of the Church of the Holy Communion, gave $30,000, half of which was devoted to the erection of two Professors' houses, which were built in this year. The balance was devoted to other necessary improvements, and to the entire cost of the Boyer Street house erected two years before. The expansion of the Seminary life made more and more evident the need of a Library building and of a Chapel. 1897 Ninety-two students in attendance. The report of the Dean, analyzing the statistics of the last eight classes graduated, showed the requirements of the Church to have been for pastors preaching exclusively in English, 51 per cent. of the graduates; pastors preaching exclusively in German, 10 per cent.; pastors preaching partly in German, 46 per cent. The West Philadelphia property was sold for $22,123.50. 1899 The Board of Directors made alterations to the stone barn previously fitted up as a gymnasium by the Student Association, and provided a commodious chapel, reading rooms, etc., at an expenditure of $3,500. The former Chapel was converted into a much needed lecture room and made a memorial to the Rev. Reuben Hill, D.D., former Superintendent of the Seminary. 1901 Students in attendance, sixty-four. Of the twenty-five graduated, sixteen were from the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, four from the New York Ministerium, and one each from the Pittsburgh, Michigan, Tennessee and Missouri Synods respectively, and one from the United Evangelical Church. 1903 Students in attendance, fifty. The establishment of other Lutheran Seminaries and the general decline in candidates for the ministry was responsible for the decrease. A reorganization of the Board of Directors was effected, and the New York Ministerium, the Pittsburgh Synod and the Synod of New York and New England accepted the invitation of the Ministerium to elect two directors each, one clerical and one lay, as members of the Board. September 16th, the Schaeffer-Ashmead Memorial Church, presented by Dr. William Ashmead Schaeffer, '69, to the Seminary in memory of his parents, Professor Charles W. Schaeffer, D.D., LL.D., and Elizabeth Ashmead Schaeffer, was dedicated, Dr. Krotel preaching the sermon. The new 17 HISTORICAL SUMMARY building is of Chestnut Hill stone, 50 by 90 feet, with a Chapel in the rear 36 by 50 feet. 1904 Number of students, fifty-eight. June 20th, Dr. Seiss, for nearly forty years President of the Board of Directors, died. 1905 Number of students, seventy-five. 1906 January 8th, Mr. B. Frank Weyman, of the First Church, Pittsburgh (whose name was not disclosed until after his death), in response to a letter from Dean Henry E. Jacobs, offered to give $50,000 for a Krauth Memorial Library Building, and subsequently named the Rev. Luther D. Reed, '95, as his personal representative, with Drs. Jacobs and Spaeth for the carrying out of this work. May 24th, an additional gift of $50,000 from Mr. Weyman was received through Mr. Reed to make possible the completion and equipment of the building along the lines that had been projected by his representatives. The Board appointed a Building Committee with the Rev. Dr. E. T. Horn, Chairman. Mr. Reed was elected Director of the Library. September 27th (Seminary Day), the cornerstone of the Library was laid. 1907 March 1st, the Director of the Library organized a staff with Miss Mary E. Kaighn as Assistant Librarian, and work was begun on cataloging the collection. May 20th, the Rev. Dr. G. F. Krotel, one of the founders of the Seminary, a Professor, 1864-68, and President of the Board of Directors, 1904-07, died. The property, 7206 Boyer Street, with a residence and lot 115 by 240 feet, was purchased for $14,000, $5,000 of this being appropriated with the consent of the donor from the Library Building Fund. This purchase provided ground for future extension to the Library and gave an outlet from the Seminary grounds to Boyer Street. The Central Heating Plant was built and the Warren Webster System installed to heat all the buildings on the grounds at a cost of about $25,000. 1908 February 17th, the collection of books was moved from the third floor of the Lecture Hall and safely placed in the new Library Building. 18 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD The library of Dr. Seiss, about 2,800 volumes, was presented to the Seminary by Mr. W. R. Aumont. The Alumni Association established a Krotel Memorial Fund of $1,000, the income to be used for the purchase of books. June 3d, the Krauth Memorial Library was dedicated. The building, in the form of a great cross, 132 by 92 feet, with a massive central tower, is of Chestnut Hill stone with Indiana limestone trimmings, and in the Collegiate Gothic style. A reading room provides for thirty-six readers and shelving for reference works. The stack room, containing three stories and absolutely fireproof, with standard iron and steel stacks made by Snead & Company, has a capacity for 90,000 volumes. The building also contains a periodical room, Librarian's office, Cataloging room and a Lecture Hall with capacity for nearly two hundred on the first floor. A Seminar Room and private research rooms are on the second floor and a large dining hall, kitchen, pantry and bindery are provided in the basement, where there is also an electric vacuum cleaner. The tower contains tower clock and bell. The furniture was specially designed by the Library Bureau. The total cost of the building and equipment was approximately $92,000. The architects were Messrs. Watson and Huckel, of Philadelphia. The exercises on the day of dedication were held in a large tent on the grounds, in which were chairs for 1,200 people. A choir of eight brass instruments and a student chorus conducted by the Rev. Gomer C. Rees, led the singing. An intellectual feast of rich abundance and of high quality was provided in the addresses of the day. Dr. Spaeth presided in the morning. The addresses were by the Rev. Robert Ellis Thompson, Ph.D., D.D., President of the Boys' Central High School, Philadelphia, who spoke on "The Scholar Among His Books"; and by Dean Henry E. Jacobs, D.D., LL.D., whose subject was "The Name and Aim of the Library." After the addresses Mr. Reed, as the representative of the donor, formally presented the building to Dr. Horine, President of the Board of Directors, "as a gift to the Lutheran Church of America to be administered under the care and direction of this Institution, in memory of Charles Porterfield Krauth and for the glory of God and the upbuilding of His Kingdom." Dr. Horine formally accepted and dedicated the building. In the afternoon there were addresses by the following representatives of educational institutions: Dr. J. A. Singmaster, Gettysburg Seminary; Dr. A. G. Voigt, of the Southern Seminary; Dr. D. H. Bauslin, Hamma Divinity School; Professor George J. Fritschel, Wartburg Seminary; Dr. E. F. Krauss, Chicago Seminary; Provost Charles C. Harrison, D.D., of the University of Pennsylvania; President John A. Morehead, D.D., Roanoke College; President J. A. W. Haas, D.D., Muhlenberg College; Dean F. H. Bert, Thiel College; Dean Charles L. Brown, D.D., Saga Seminary, Japan; the Rev. John W. Richards, President of the Alumni Association. 19 HISTORICAL SUMMARY Dr. Horine resigned and Dr. Theodore E. Schmauk was elected President of the Board of Directors. The number of students in the Seminary was forty-three. 1909 The Catharine Ashmead Fund of $4,000 was appropriated by the Board of Directors to the purchase of new books. 1910 Dr. Henry Offermann, of Philadelphia, was elected to the New York Ministerium Professorship, and was appointed Professor of the New Testament. He was inaugurated October 31st in St. Paul's Church, Brooklyn. Dr. Laird resigned as Treasurer of the Seminary and Mr. Gloss K. Mohr was elected to this position. The Ministerium of Pennsylvania established an additional Professorship. June 25th, Dr. Spaeth, for thirty-seven years a Professor, died in Mt. Airy. 1911 A reorganization of chairs and courses was undertaken. Special lecturers were secured in the German Practical Department. Three Professors were elected: Dr. Theodore E. Schmauk, Professor of the Confession and Defense of the Christian Faith; Dr. E. T. Horn, Professor of Ethics and the Theory and Practice of Missions; and the Rev. L. D. Reed, Professor of Liturgics and Church Art. Dr. Schmauk, being President of the Board of Directors, did not accept the call to his Professorship, but was formally placed in charge of the department. The Director of the Library reported nearly $30,000 subscribed for the Library Endowment. The Gowen property adjacent to the Seminary grounds and containing the old Gowen homestead, subsequently altered and used as a Refectory, was purchased for $35,000. 1912 A reorganization of the inner work of the Seminary was effected. This separated the classes completely. The year was divided into two semesters. Library work more definitely required as part of the regular course. The daily Chapel Services were held in the Church building, with addresses by the Professors on Wednesday mornings, and four Communion Services a year. 20 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD July 1st, the Seminary for the first time assumed the entire running expense of the Library, exclusive of the salary of the Director. To assist in this, Mr. Weyman gave an additional $5,000 toward the Library Endowment Fund. The entire expense of classifying, cataloging, etc., and maintenance which he had borne up to this time amounted to $15,000. 1913 Hon. Charles A. Schieren, formerly Mayor of Brooklyn, N. Y., through his pastor, the Rev. S. G. Weiskotten, D.D., established the Schieren Professorship of the Synod of New York and New England, with $40,000 endowment and $10,000 for a Professor's house, which was built on the Seminary grounds. The Rev. Charles M. Jacobs, '99, of Allentown, Pa., was elected to the Schieren Professorship and placed in charge of the Graduate School, which was organized this year. The Seminary undertook the management of the Refectory through a Committee appointed by the Board, Mr. F. C. Hassold, Chairman. A bequest of $40,000 by Colonel E. R. Artman, of the Church of the Holy Communion, Philadelphia, established the Artman Professorship. September 7th, Professor G. F. Spieker, D.D., for nineteen years Professor of Church History and various Old Testament branches, died. 1914 The New York Ministerium purchased from the Seminary the property at 7206 Boyer Street as a residence for its Professor, Dr. Offermann. The General Education Fund was authorized by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in the effort to secure $500,000 for the Seminary and Muhlenberg College. The old Gowen Mansion was remodeled and equipped as a Refectory at a cost of $6,403.43. May 26th, the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Seminary was celebrated at the annual Commencement. Dr. Henry E. Jacobs delivered the address, "A Survey of the History of Fifty Years." Dr. Schmauk awarded diplomas to the seventeen graduates. Immediately after the Commencement a Semi-Centennial jubilee was held in the Reading Room of the Library, where representatives of the five decades delivered addresses: the Revs. W. K. Frick, D.D., '73; F. K. Bernd, '83; F. F. Fry, D.D., '88; F. H. Bosch, '95; A. M. Rohrig, '05: A Jubilee Dinner in the basement of the Library at 1:30 and a social evening with addresses closed the exercises of the day. 21 HISTORICAL SUMMARY 1915 Number of students, sixty-seven, of whom thirteen were in the Graduate School. The Library reported 28 per cent. increase in circulation of books. Authority was secured from the University Council of the State of Pennsylvania to confer degrees. March 4th, Professor E. T. Horn, D.D., LL.D., died. March 10th, Hon. Charles A. Schieren died. May 28th, the Rev. C. Theodore Benze, D.D., was elected a Professor on the Burkhalter Foundation and assigned the Chair of the Old Testament. The first Summer Bible School was held at the Seminary under the auspices of the Philadelphia English Conference. 1916 The first Graduate Fellowship was established by the Board. The Seminary Bulletin was established jointly by the Alumni Association and the Board of Directors, with Professors Reed and C. M. Jacobs, editors, and the Rev. J. C. Mattes, '01, Alumni Editor. The Summer Bible School from this year was conducted under the auspices of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. October 25th, the Fiftieth Anniversary of the ordination of the Dean, Henry E. Jacobs, was celebrated by arrangement of the Faculty with resolutions, addresses, music and refreshments served by a caterer in the Library. Every student in the Seminary enrolled in volunteer mission study classes under the auspices of the Father Heyer Society. 1917 The degree of B. D. was conferred for the first time upon a group of candidates who had met the special requirements. A bronze statue of Henry Melchoir Muhlenberg surrounded by his congregation, the work of J. Otto Schweizer, of Philadelphia, was presented by the Sunday Schools of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and dedicated during the Quadri- Centennial Meeting of the General Council, October 27th. This commemorated the 175th anniversary of the arrival of Muhlenberg in America, 1742. The cost was $15,000. The President of the Board, in his report to the Ministerium, referred to the work of the Library during the ten years since its organization. 22 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD "it has made possible a revolution of method and material; it has greatly furthered the advanced work of the Graduate School, and has encouraged habits of reading and research among many of the abler and more recent students. It has devoted a vast amount of time to more general interests of the Church, especially in connection with the editing of the Common Service Book. It has made a good beginning by keeping in touch with the Alumni and others and supplying them with literature for special investigation. The circulation during this year has increased 33 per cent. over that of the preceding year." 1918 The value of the Seminary property was reported at approximately $350,000. $112,000 was received from the General Education Fund, which brought the General Endowment of the Institution up to $376,000 and the Library Endowment, including the Wattles Foundation of $5,000, to $65,000. Though feeling the effects of the war in many ways, there were sixty-five students enrolled, including a number absent on leave and in the military service. A sub-Junior Class of College grade was established with five members. Price of board was increased from $3.50 to $5.00 per week, but the Refectory operated with a deficit of $1,575. During the epidemic of influenza, twenty-four students dug graves in the neighboring cemetery, Ivy Hill, having volunteered for this service. October 24th, William Shannon Wright, a student in the Seminary, died in the military service at Camp Hancock, Ga. A development of great importance, as affecting the material and the method of instruction, was the preparation of an entirely new curriculum with Prescribed, Elective and Degree Courses. This curriculum, which provided a much more comprehensive, thorough and flexible course of instruction, was introduced the following year. 1919 March 3d, the Seminary Choir, which this year was unusually well balanced, gave a musicale in the Library, assisted by soloists from the student body, including Mr. Hans Dressel, formerly a professional violoncello player. June 12th, Mr. B. Frank Weyman, donor of the Krauth Memorial Library, died in Pittsburgh, Pa. 1920 February 19th, Professor Jacob Fry, D.D., LL.D., L.H.D., for twenty-nine years a Professor in the Institution, died. March 23d, the Rev. T. E. Schmauk, D.D., LL.D., for twelve years President of the Board of Directors, and for nine years in charge of the 23 HISTORICAL SUMMARY Department of Ethics, Apologetics and Pedagogy, died. The Seminary received from his estate a gift of $5,000 for General Endowment and a large part of his extensive library. Eighty-four students were in attendance, many of whom had seen military service overseas, and several of whom had been wounded. Mr. E. Clarence Miller, of Philadelphia, gave $29,000 to the Seminary to clear accumulated deficit and to purchase an additional tract of ground, 225 by 185 feet, immediately adjoining the grove. Extensive improvements were made in the Dormitories. The By-Laws of the Seminary were revised, the office of the Dean was abolished, and Professor Henry E. Jacobs, D.D., LL.D., was elected the first President of the Seminary. Mr. E. Clarence Miller, of Philadelphia, was elected President of the Board of Directors, the first layman to hold this position. June 2d, the Ministerium of Pennsylvania added $5,000 to its budget of Synodical apportionments for the work of the Seminary. The Rev. Emil E. Fischer, '07, of Allentown, Pa., was elected a Professor on the Ministerium's Professorship and was subsequently assigned the Department of Ethics and Apologetics. He was installed on Seminary Day. The Faculty assumed entire editorial responsibility for the Lutheran Church Review, and Professors C. M. Jacobs and Reed were appointed the Editorial Committee. The Alumni Association assumed responsibility of publication. Of the twenty-five graduates, two went out as missionaries to India, and the rest accepted calls from Canada to Texas, and as far west as the Mississippi. The New York Ministerium, the Pittsburgh Synod and the Synod of New York and New England accepted the invitation of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and elected four delegates each on the Board of Directors. The Rev. John C. Seegers, D.D., '91, of Wilmington, N. C., was elected a Professor and assigned the Department of Homiletics and Pastoral Theology. The Faculty proposed plans for Seminary Expansion, which were thoroughly elaborated by a Committee of the Board, Professor Reed, Chairman, and approved by the Board at a special meeting, April 15th, and reported to the Synods. Lay members of the Board of Directors subscribed $2,500 for European book purchase. 24 PHILADELPHIA SEMINARY RECORD 1922 Ninety-seven students reported in attendance (twenty in the Graduate School), exhausting the capacity of the dormitories. The students came from twelve different States and from Canada, Czecho-Slovakia, India, Japan and Turkey. The library of the Rev. Johann Mgebroff, of Brenham, Texas, was purchased and presented to the Seminary by Mr. E. Clarence Miller. This added about 1,500 volumes, rich in historic material, to the collection. The firm of Day & Klauder, architects, Philadelphia, was engaged to prepare a Comprehensive Development Plan for the Institution, and this plan, which provides for a harmonious and beautiful group of buildings, was adopted by the Board at its annual meeting. (Described in Seminary Bulletin., June, 1922.) October 3d to 4th, an Institute was held in New York City in connection with the annual meeting of the Eastern Conference of the New York and New England Synod, at which all the Professors delivered lectures and conducted discussions. December 30th, Professor Benze sailed for Moscow on leave of absence from the Seminary to serve as a Commissioner of the National Lutheran Council in charge of Relief Work. 1923 The eighty-nine students in attendance have received their preparatory training in thirty-five different Colleges and Universities. As this book goes to press, Day and Klauder, architects, are completing plans for the new Recitation Building, the first unit of the proposed group of buildings, and-the first payment has been made in purchase of the Hammer property, consisting of a large and handsome residence with ample grounds adjoining the Seminary campus and extending the latter to Gowen Avenue.