Early Clergy of Pennsylvania and Delaware, S. F. Hotchkin, 1890 - Preface & Swedish Clergy: Chapter 1, The First Settlement at Tinicum Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by Judy Banja and Sally Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/pafiles.htm ________________________________________________ EARLY CLERGY OF PENNSYLVANIA AND DELAWARE. BY REV. S. F. HOTCHKIN, M.A. Author of The Mornings of the Bible, History of Germantown, &c. P. W. ZIEGLER & CO., PUBLISHERS, NO. 720 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1890 Copyright, 1890, by Rev. S. F. Hotchkin. This volume is respectfully dedicated to the Right Rev. Ozi W. Whitaker, D.D., Bishop of Pennsylvania, and the Right Rev. Leighton Coleman, S.T.D., LL.D., Bishop of Delaware. NOTE: Use URL: http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/1pa/1picts/hotchkin/early-clergy.htm to access other chapters. CONTENTS: I. SWEDISH CLERGY, 7 II. BISHOPS OF PENNSYLVANIA, 94 III. CHRIST CHURCH, 97 IV. ST. PETER'S CHURCH, 120 V. ST. JAMES'S CHURCH, 139 VI. ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, 159 VII. TRINITY CHURCH (OXFORD), 180 VIII. CHURCH OF THE EPIPHANY, 202 IX. BISHOPS OF DELAWARE, 224 X. DELAWARE CLERGY, 234 APPENDIX REV. DR. JOHN ANDREWS, 259 REV. DR. FREDERICK BEASLEY, 262 REV. DR. GEORGE BOYD, 266 REV. DR. GREGORY T. BEDELL, 268 REV. DR. J. A. CLARK, 272 REV. DR. JAMES MONTGOMERY, 276 PREFACE The writer of this volume thought it desirable to perpetuate the memories of the Philadelphia clergy of early times, and as no one else undertook the pleasant task he has performed it. The search led into the history of the Swedish clergy, and, as Pennsylvania and Delaware were united in Provincial days, the book naturally widened out to include both. It is hoped that these devoted men may by their example inspire others to continue similar labors in the Church of Christ. Most of the articles here collected appeared in The Standard of the Cross and The Church, edited by the Rev. Messrs. French, and published in Philadelphia by W. E. Hering. The publisher has kindly allowed the use of a number of plates. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Acrelius. 2. The Swedes' Church and House of Sven Sener. 3. Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church, Philadelphia. 4. N. Collin, D.D. 5. Holy Trinity (Old Swedes') Church, Wilmington, Delaware. 6. St. Gabriel's Church, Morlatton, Pa. 7. Trinity Church, Wilmington, Delaware. 8. St. John's Church, Wilmington, Delaware. 9. Bishop Stevens. 10. Christ Church, Philadelphia. 11. Christ Church, Philadelphia. 12. St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia. 13. Bishop Davies. 14. St. James's Church, Philadelphia. 15. St. James's Church, Philadelphia. 16. Rev. Dr. H. J. Morton. 17. Bishop Nichols. 18. St. Paul's Church, Philadelphia. 19. Rev. Dr. Joseph Pilmore. 20. Trinity Church, Oxford, Philadelphia. 21. Rev. Dr. Richard Newton. 22. Bishop Lee. 23. Bishop Coleman. 24. "Bishopstead." ERRATUM. The matter on page 86, etc., should have followed page 201. THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 7 "SWEDISH CLERGY." CHAPTER I. "He's Christ's ambassador, that man of God, Steward of God's own mysteries." - Bishop Mant. THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. The secular press delights to publish war reminiscences. The religious press should perpetuate the memory of the soldiers of Christ, who, in this new land, wilder than our distant West to-day, proclaimed the Gospel, leaving posts of learning and home parishes for mission work. The early Swedish clergy were founders of the Episcopal Church, for every one of their parishes on and near the Delaware River fell into our hands, and Bishops Whitaker, Coleman and Scarborough are to-day reaping the fruit of the Swedish missions. As Dr. Clay remarks, the James River Colony and the New England Puritans are commemorated and the Swedes deserve like notice. Some excellent families in Philadelphia trace descent from worth Swedish ancestry, and may be proud of their origin; for while the Swedes were not a money-making people, they were God-fearing and honorable, and maintained church service under great discouragement, while faithful lay-readers served vacant parishes that the flame of devotion might be kept burning. Let us, then, follow the faith of these Swedish teachers, "considering the end of their conversation, Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, and to-day, and forever," (Heb. 13: 7, 8), whether in Sweden or America. THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 8 TINICUM. On a pleasant May morning, accompanied by Rev. Dr. Chas. A. Maison, rector of St. James's Church, Kingsessing, I visited Big Tinicum Island to investigate Swedish relics. The Lazaretto buildings (whose superintendent aided our search) now adorn the island with their shady piazzas and well-kept yards, but little remains to mark the Swedish rule. We saw on a bluff what is supposed to be the graveyard of Governor Printz's time, as an old resident descended from Swedes, Charles D. Johnson, told us that he once found a grave-stone there. A double-house adjoining is said to contain a part of Printz Hall, erected by the Governor. A man working in some alterations on it had been a soldier in the Zulu war in Africa, so cosmopolitanism yet characterizes this country. The first burial in the yard was that of Catharine, daughter of Andrew Hanson. The Delaware River still winds along as when Swedes paddled on it, but the main current is beyond Little Tinicum Island, and the tops of vessels are seen gliding along above that island. Bow Creek is narrowed by embankments. Tinicum is in Delaware County, as Bow Creek is the city line of Philadelphia. Occasionally a Swedish brick is ploughed up among Indian darts. Mr. J. W. Jordan, at the Library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, showed me a brick from Governor Printz's house, and another from Tinicum Church, and another from Fort Casimer, New Castle, Delaware. That from the fort may be sun-dried, but the others are heavier and may have been burned. They are of a cream color like Milwaukee and Buffalo brick. The church site is doubtful, though an old resident, George Horne, would place it where high water now THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 9 covers the shore. It was of wood, and in the fort, so that the brick spoken of may have been a part of the foundation. Governor Printz built the church in 1646. The gardens on the river bank are pleasant under the spring sun; and the blossoming trees and green box and growing vegetables adorn the spot where Printz had his orchard and gardens and built his "very handsome" and large house over 200 years ago. It stood over 160 years, and was burned accidentally in the beginning of this century. Here was his "pleasure-house," though not equal to Kubla Khan's. Here was the emporium of New Sweden, and as Virgil would have said, "her arms and chariot," though the chariot was probably a boat. Here "the principal inhabitants had their dwellings and plantations." According to Acrelius, Printz built a fort called New Gottenberg. Tinicum was called Tenacongh by the Indians. The Swedes from Racoon Kihl (Creek) and above on the Delaware went to Tinicum and Wicacoa to church; below this point, down the river, they attended at Tranhook. Rev. Dr. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, in his Journal in 1761, states that he went with the Rev. Provost Dr. Wrangel in a visitation to "Tenakum," noteworthy as the site of the first Swedish colony. They lodged with Mr. John Taylor, an Englishman, who owned part of the island. He had been baptized by the Provost. His wife's mother was a Swede. Christian conversation and prayer improved the evening hours. The first graveyard was visited and the remains "of the first Christian church is this western wilderness." The church was used till 1700. In some way the bell was once alienated and the Swedes did two days' reaping in harvest to regain it. THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 10 Governor Printz's residence was named by him Printz Hall. A handsome wooden church was also built at the same place, which Magister Campanius consecrated on the last great prayer-day which was celebrated in New Sweden, on the 4th of September, 1646. Printz was born in a parsonage, so that it was natural that he should care for church matters. The daughter of Printz married Vice-Governor John Papegoija. She lived for many years at Tinicum. The Holland government gave her a pension in provisions, perhaps for her household. Israel Helmes, an Indian interpreter, was her second husband. Aubrey H. Smith, Esq., writes me: "As to the site of the old church, I have no exact knowledge. I have always supposed it to have been on the bluff where the old graveyard certainly was, and the Printz mansion probably was. I have heard my father say that is his childhood he was playing, with his elder sister Margaret, afterward Mrs. Daniel King, below the bluff, and seeing an old board projecting from the bank of sand he pulled it out. On so doing a human skull rolled down the bank after him. He and she were so terrified that they ran in haste and fright homewards. There was a tradition extant among the country people that a boat's crew from the British fleet, then in the river, landed at the beach and proceeded inland to plunder the inhabitants. Before their return some of the country people came down and shot the boat keeper. In my early day the story was current that the ghost of the dead sentry could often by seen at midnight walking up and down the sandy beach between the big trees. Children avoided going there after dark. I have heard my father say that when the British frigate 'Augusta' was burnt in the river about three miles THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 11 above, word came down to the family, then living in the stone mansion house, now mine, called Printz Hall, that the frigate was burning. His sister Margaret took him and ran up the river bank a mile or two, when the ship exploded with a might roar. It may be of interest to state that several of the large guns of this ship have been recovered by the dredgers engaged in deepening the channel. One of them now forms a part of the soldiers' monument at Germantown. The early Swedish inhabitants appear to have lived without exception in log houses. Many of these have been standing until recent years. A few of them remain. One of them, the first house on the river above the Lazaretto, the dwelling of my grandfather in 1765 or thereabouts, before the building of the present large stone house, was about to share the fate of the others, when I was induced some years ago to repair it. It will probably, with these repairs, stand another hundred years. Many of these log houses, perhaps the most of them, were built of white cedar logs cut in the low grounds adjacent, where their undecaying stumps may, in some instances, still be seen in the pastures. What may seem curious is the fact that the white swamp cedar is no longer a tree of Pennsylvania, though common enough in the cedar swamps of New Jersey and further southward. The house which I repaired is built of white cedar logs. "Many years ago I received from a resident on the bluff two or three small yellow bricks found in the sand underneath the bluff, exactly similar in size and color to those so abundant in the old towns of Holland. They were said to have been imported from that country and to have been used in the building of the church. When the church foundations fell in they were of course left on the beach." Hr. Acrelius THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 12 SOURCES OF INFORMATION. Thomas Campanius Holm's Description of New Sweden was written in Swedish. New Sweden comprised parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, on the Delaware River. This book was translated by Peter S. Du Ponceau, LL.D., and published for the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in 1834. It was printed in Stockholm in 1702, and dedicated to Charles XII. The author was a grandson of Rev. John Campanius Holm, who came to America with Governor Printz, as his chaplain, in 1642. He was here six years as a pastor, and translated Luther's Catechism into the Delaware language. The book of Holm's is generally styled Campanius's. The word Holm is said to have been added to Campanius by reason of a residence in Stockholm of the person who assumed it. The work contains a list of Swedish clergy from a dessertation in Latin "De Colonia Nova Suecia," published at Upsal, in 1825, by Chas. David Arfwedson, of Stockholm, a member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. The Swedish engineer Lindstrom's MS. assisted Campanius Holm in the description of the country. Rev. Israel Acrelius's New Sweden, translated by Rev. Dr. Wm. Reynolds, and published by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, has given the bulk of the matter in these notes. This large volume is deeply interesting. It is dedicated to Queen Louisa Ulrica. Benjamin Ferris's Original Settlements of Swedes on the Delaware and Miss E. Montgomery's Wilmington, and Rev. Dr. Jehu Curtis Clay's "Annals of the Swedes" add their quota of information. Dr. Clay succeeded Dr. Collin, and assisted him, and had Swedish blood in THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 15 his veins from his maternal ancestry and was qualified to treat the subject. As to general history, Christianity had some hold in Sweden from Archbishop St. Anschar's day in the 9th century. King Olaf Skaut-Konung was baptized about 1008, and afterward the kings were Christians. In 1075, King Inge forbade idol worship, and Christianity was victorious. The viking Olaf and Bishop Sigfrid, who, in A.D., 1000, planted the "Cross of the White Christ" in Sweden and Norway, must not be forgotten. GOVERNMENT AND KINGLY AID. When Rudman and his companions came hither, William of Orange gave a passport. It was feared that none could be procured, but he respected their Christian work. King Charles XI., of Sweden, charged these clergy to communicate with him if they needed anything, and presented books to the mission. He said to the missionaries: "Go, now, in the name of the Lord, to the place to which I send you, God be with you and make your undertaking successful." King Charles XII. in his hard campaigns in Poland and Russia, and his troubled "sojourn in Turkey," attended to the mission, dating his orders from his camps. The amiable Queen Ulrica Eleanora, ruling over the Swedes, Goths and Wends after the death of her brother Charles XII. in 1718, wrote kindly to the American mission, and presented it with books of devotion. When it is considered that the Crown of Sweden did not obtain worldly advantage from these missions, but acted through pity and love toward her Swedish children and their clergy and the Indians, we may see a fulfillment of the prophet's prediction that kings and queens should be nursing fathers and mothers to the THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 16 Church of Christ. The relations of Sweden to her American missions was like that of England to our missions. The English also largely aided their own churches in Pennsylvania, and Holland helped the German Reformed, and various parts of Germany assisted the German Evangelical Churches, while Scotland lent her aid to the Free Schools. A country thus fostered should do good mission work abroad as a grateful return of benefits. Penn commended the Swedes and strove to aid in getting clergy for them, and gave them catechisms and other books and an English Bible for use in church service. The need of Swedish aid was apparent when the sailor, Anders Printz, said to have been Governor Printz's nephew, visited this country, and returned to Stockholm and told good John Thelin, postmaster at Gotheborg, that clergy were sadly wanted. He presented the case to King Charles XI., who received the matter favorably. Thelin then wrote to America a kindly Christian epistle, and Charles Springer replied in an earnest letter, and after some delay Rudman, Biork and Auren came. The English Governor, Wm. Markham, showed a deep interest in these negotiations. After Biork returned, a Communion Service was presented to the Church at Christina at his suggestion, by the Fahlun Mining Company; so the pleasant connection continued. THE COUNTRY. The orchards, and gardens, and trees, and food, and ores are described in detail by Acrelius. The luscious peaches and the agriculture are noticed. The heat of the country seems to strike this Swede who mentions THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 17 the button-tree (knapptra) saying, "Its greatest use is for shading houses from the great heat of the sun." This paragraph reads strangely now: "The streets in New York are planted with locusts." Springer praises God for the fertile grain country which blessed the Swedish farmer, so that from the Delaware River "the adjacent islands" could receive food. Animals, birds and fish abounded. The wives and daughters spun wool and flax and wove cloth. In this worldly prosperity they sought faithful shepherds to give spiritual food from God's Word and the Holy Sacrament. THE INDIANS. While Penn deserves all credit for his noble treatment of the Indians, the Swedes had preceded him in such Christian conduct. In Queen Christina's instructions to Governor Printz who led the second Swedish colony, it was ordered that "the wild nations" should be treated "with all humanity and respect, that no violence or wrong be done to them, that they may gradually be instructed in the truths and worship of the Christian religion, and in other ways brought to civilization and good government, and in this manner properly guided." The land was bought of the natives. Springer's letter, signed by many persons, says, "We live in great amity with the Indians, who have not done us any harm for many years." There were Indian traditions of a religious character. They were well disposed to the Christian religion, as Rev. John Campanius declares in his preface to the catechism; and Rev. Messrs. Rudman, and Biork, and also Pastorius testify to the same effect. The Indians were fond of learning the catechism and "engaged Charles Springer to teach their children to read THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT TINICUM. 18 it." The natives aided the Swedes, and tried to keep them from harm. SETTLEMENT. Dr. Collin's Narrative, given by Dr. Clay, states that the first Swedish colony reached here in 1634. Three or four reinforcements followed on in 1654. The Swedish mission began by the appointment of Rev. Messrs. Rudman, Biork and Auren. It continued over 130 years.