Education: Annual Register, Franklin and Marshall College and Theological Seminary, 1888-1889, Lancaster, Lancaster County, PA Contributed and OCRed by Judy Banja jbanja@msn.com USGENWEB ARCHIVES (tm) NOTICE All documents placed in the USGenWeb Archives remain the property of the contributors, who retain publication rights in accordance with US Copyright Laws and Regulations. In keeping with our policy of providing free information on the Internet, these documents may be used by anyone for their personal research. They may be used by non-commercial entities so long as all notices and submitter information is included. These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in any format for profit. Any other use, including copying files to other sites, requires permission from the contributors PRIOR to uploading to the other sites. The submitter has given permission to the USGenWeb Archives to store the file permanently for free access. ___________________________________________________________ Annual Register of Franklin and Marshall College and the Theological Seminary, Lancaster, Pa. 1888-1889. -*2*- Professors and Instructors. REV. THOMAS G. APPLE. D.D., LL.D., PRESIDENT, Mental and Moral Science, Church History, and Exegesis. REV. E. V. GERHART, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology. REV. FREDERICK A. GAST, D.D., Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Theology. WILLIAM MARVELL NEVIN, LL.D., Emeritus Alumni Professor of English Literature and Belles-Lettres. REV. JOHN S. STAHR, PH.D., Professor of Natural Science, Chemistry, and of the German Language. REV. JOSEPH Henry DUBBS, D.D., Audenried Professor of history and Archaeology. J. B. KIEFFER, PH.D. Professor of Ancient Languages. -*3*- JEFFERSON E. KERSHNER, PH.D., Professor of Mathematics and Directory of the Daniel School Observatory. GEORGE F. MULL, A.M., Adjunct Professor of English Literature. R.C. SCHIEDT, A.M., Adjunct Professor of Modern Languages. SILAS S. NEFF, Teacher of Elocution. D. B. WEAVER, A.B., M.D., Lecturer on Biology. AMBROSE M. SCHMIDT, A.B., Tutor. W. W. MOORE, A.M., Rector of the Academy. LLOYD E. COBLENTZ, A.B., Teacher of Latin and Greek in the Academy. Henry LEONARD, Janitor. -*4*- [blank] -*5*- Franklin and Marshall College. 1888-1889 -*6*- Board of Trustees. 1. J. W. WETZEL, ESQ., Carlisle, Pa. SAMUEL, A. BUTZ, ESQ., Allentown, Pa. BENJAMIN F. SHENK, Lancaster, Pa. 2. REV. J. O. MILLER, D.D., York, Pa. REV. E. R. ESCHBACH, D.D., Frederick, Md. HON. A. HERR SMITH, Esq., Lancaster, Pa. 3. REV. C. U. HEILMAN, Alexandria, Pa. HON. J. B. LIVINGSTON, Lancaster, Pa. GEORGE W. HENSEL, Quarryville, Pa. 4. J. M. WIESTLING, ESQ., Harrisburg, Pa. GEORGE F. BAER, LL.D., Reading, Pa. C. M. BOWER, ESQ., Bellefonte, Pa. 5. GEORGE Z. KUNKEL, Harrisburg, Pa. G. S. GRIFFITH, Baltimore, Md. REV. T. G. APPLE, D.D., LL.D., Lancaster, Pa: 6. HON. J. W. KILLINGER, Lebanon, Pa. HON. J. P. WICKERSHAM, LL.D., Lancaster, Pa. DR. JOSEPH COBLENTZ, Yeates Centre, Kan. 7. CHARLES SANTEE, Philadelphia, Pa. JOHN D. SKILES, Lancaster, Pa. JACOB BAUSMAN, " " 8. JOHN C. HAGER, " " D. W. GROSS, Harrisburg, Pa. HON. JOHN CESSNA, LL.D., Bedford, Pa. 9. ROBERT H. SAYRE, Bethlehem, Pa. F. SHRODER, Lancaster, Pa. HENRY WIRT, Hanover, Pa. 10. REV. S. G. WAGNER, D.D., Allentown, Pa. REV. HENRY MOSSER, Reading, Pa. JOHN W. BICKEL, ESQ., Norristown, Pa. -*7*- Officers. President - HON. JOHN CESSNA, LL.D. First Vice-President - D.W. GROSS. Second Vice-President - HON J. P. WICKERSHAM, LL.D. Recording Secretary - BENJAMIN F. SHENK. Corresponding Secretary - REV. JOS. Henry DUBBS, D.D. Treasurer - JACOB BAUSMAN. Standing Committees. 1. Finance. - Hon. A. Herr Smith, Chairman; Charles Santee, D. W. Gross, F. Shroder, John C. Hager, John D. Skils; B. F. Shenk, Recording, and J. Bausman, Treasurer. 2. Instruction. - J. O. Miller, Chairman; J. B. Livingston, J. P. Wickersham, G. W. Hensel, and John W. Wetzel. 3. Library, Cabinet, etc. - J. P. Wickersham, Chairman; Jos. Coblentz, Geo. Z. Kunkel, S. G. Wagner, H. Mosser, E. R. Eschbach, and Robert H. Sayre. 4. Grounds and Buildings. - Benjamin F. Shenk, Chairman; Geo. W. Hensel, John C. Hager, and F. Shroder. 5. Discipline. - J. C. Hager, Chairman; E. R. Eschbach, H. Wirt, C. M. Bower, and John W. Wetzel. 6. Permanent Endowment. - Charles Santee, Chairman; G. S. Griffith, Geo. F. Baer, D. W. Gross, J. W. Killinger, A. Herr Smith, and H. Wirt. 7. Wilhelm Estate (Select). - John Cessna, Chairman; J. B. Livingston, J. M. Wiestling, Samuel A. Butz, C. M. Bower, B. F. Shenk, F. Shroder, C. U. Heilman, and J. C. Hager. -*8*- Faculty. REV. THOMAS G. APPLE,, D.D., LL.D., President. REV. JOSEPH HENRY DUBBS, D.D., Secretary. REV. JOHN S. STAHR, PH. D., Treasurer. J. B. KIEFFER, PH. D., Librarian. REV. THOMAS G. APPLE,, D.D., Professor of Mental and Moral Science, Aesthetics and the Philosophy of History. WM. MARVELL NEVIN, LL.D., Emeritus Alumni Professor of English Literature and Belles-Lettres. REV. JOHN S. STAHR, PH. D., Professor of Natural Science, Chemistry, and of the German Language. REV. JOSEPH HENRY DUBBS, D.D., Audenried Professor of History and Archaeology. J. B. KIEFFER, PH. D., Professor of Ancient Languages. JEFFERSON E. KERSHNER, PH. D., Professor of Mathematics. GEORGE F. MULL, A.M., Adjunct Professor of English Literature. R. C. SCHIEDT, A.M., Adjunct Professor of Modern Languages. SILAS S. NEFF, Teacher of Elocution. AMBROSE M. SCHMIDT, A.B., Tutor. -*9*- Senior Class. NAME, RESIDENCE. CLINTON RENCH ANKENEY, Clear Spring, Md. JOHN T. ANKENEY, " " " HENRY HARBAUGH APPLE, Lancaster, Pa. THEO. BURTON APPEL, " " ALBERT B. BAUMAN, Zwingle, Iowa. ALBERT T. CLAY, Lancaster, Pa. CHARLES E. CREITZ, Lynnport, Pa. ATVILL CONNER, JR., Hagerstown, Md. EDWARD TOWNSEND HAGER, Lancaster, Pa. CECIL F. HELLER, Berlin, Pa. DANIEL G. HETRICK, Mines, Pa. ANSELM V. HIESTER, Annville, Pa. CHARLES E. HILLIARD, Hagerstown, Md. J. K. LIGHT, Lebanon, Pa. HOMER SKILES MAY, Martinsburg, Pa. AMOS L. SCHAEFFER, Fleetwood, Pa. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, " " ISAAC M. SCHAEFFER, Lyons, Pa. J. HIRAM SCHWARTZ, Allentown, Pa. GEORGE B. SMITH, Maxatawny, Pa. SIMON U. WAUGAMAN, Harrison City, Pa. DAVID T. WERNER, JR., Avon, Pa. WILLIAM B. WERNER, Mountain, Pa. WILLIAM H. WELCHANS, Lancaster, Pa. DAVID M. WOLF, Martinsburg, Pa. Seniors, 25. -*10*- Junior Class. NAME, RESIDENCE. CHARLES ALFRED APPLE, Saegertown, Pa. CALVIN E. ARNER, New Mahoning, Pa. ALEXANDER RIGHTER CRAIG, Columbia, Pa. SAMUEL HENRY DITZEL, Tusseyville, Pa. GEORGE ANDREW DREIBELBIES, Andreas, Pa. HOWARD L. GREENAWALD, Steinsville, Pa. BRUCE GRIFFITH, Pavia, Pa. WILLIAM MCCLEERY HALL, Lancaster, Pa. J. PHILIP HARNER, McGaheysville, Va. CLARENCE NEVIN HELLER, Berlin, Pa. DAVID MILTON JONES, Pottsville, Pa. LEWIS THEODORE, LAMPE, Frederick, Md. WILLIAM HENRY LANDIS, Beaver Springs, Pa. GEORGE ELIAS LIMBERT, Madisonburg, Pa. EUGENE L. MCLEAN Brumfieldville, Pa. B. M. MEYER, Rohrerstown, Pa. JOHN N. NALY, Greensburg, Pa. CHARLES DANIEL NEFF, Alexandria, Pa. TAKEO NOVA, Wakamatsu, Aizu, Japan. JAMES M. RUNKLE, Spring Mills, Pa. WILLIAM PHILIP SACHS, Lancaster, Pa. ALFRED MARTIN SCHAFFNER, Hummelstown, Pa. CHARLES V. SMITH, Middletown, Md. WILLIAM CHARLES SYKES, Allentown, Pa. CHARLES D. WEIRICK, Myerstown, Pa. Juniors, 25. -*11*- Sophomore Class. NAME, RESIDENCE. CHARLES F. ALTHOUSE, Kintnersville, Pa. BENJAMIN C. ATLEE, Lancaster, Pa. HARRY N. BASSLER, " " P. C. BUCHER, Columbia, Pa. GEORGE A. EAGLES, Lancaster, Pa. JOHN HENRY EBY, " " CALVIN N. GABRIEL, Mason and Dixon, Pa. G. S GILL, Woodstock, Va. LOUIS CHRISTIAN HARNISH, Alexandria, Pa. ANSON F. HARROLD, Manor Station, Pa. ELLIS S. HAY, Berlin, Pa. HARRY D. HOPKINS, Lancaster, Pa. G. K. KANEKO, Iwate Ken, Japan. WILLIAM HUESTIS KELLER, Bellefonte, Pa. FRANK L. KERR, Saville, Pa. THOMAS H. LEINBACH, Leinbach's, Pa. GEO. W. KIDDLEKAUFF, Leitersburg, Md. ALFRED H. NAUMAN, Lancaster, Pa. EUGENE I. NOTHSTEIN, Normal Square, Pa. WILLIAM MILTON PANEBAKER, Manchester, Md. ROBERT J. PETERS, Danville, Pa. JOHN WILLIAM REINECKE, Nazareth, Pa. WALTER ALLAN REINOEHL, Lancaster, Pa. NELSON B. REYNOLDS, " " GEORGE DAVID ROBB, Howard, Pa. AMOS C. ROTHERMEL, Fleetwood, Pa. CHARLES MARTIN SMITH, Nazareth, Pa. JESS ORION SNYDER, Clear Spring, Md. DAVID M. SOLLIDAY, Fair View, Md. OTTO K. SPESSARD, Leitersburg, Md. D. AMBROSE STEIN, Millersville, Pa. DAVID SNIDER STEPHAN, Westminster, Md. LOUIS C. SUMMER, Shady Grove, Pa. HARRY W. WISSLER, Mechanicstown, Md. Sophomores, 34. -*12*- Freshman Class. NAME, RESIDENCE. JOSEPH H. APPLE, Lancaster, Pa. J. CALVIN BOLGER, Martinsburg, Pa. NEVIN AUGUSTINE CORT, Greensburg, Pa. ELMER H. FRANTZ, Millersville, Pa. WILLIAM D. HAPPEL, Stonersville, Pa. A. ARTHUR HELLER, Lancaster, Pa. THOMAS H. KRICK, Sinking Spring, Pa. CHARLES L. LEONARD, Lancaster, Pa. HARVEY NEWCOMER, Rohrerstown, Pa. HARRY H. RANCK, Lancaster, Pa. SAMUEL H. RANCK, " " ELMER REAM, " " LLOYD A. REED, Alexandria, Pa. LUTHER D. REED, Lancaster, Pa. CHARLES E. ROTH, Frederick, Md. WILLIAM F. ROTH, " " KENJIRO SATOW, Niigata Ken, Japan. JOHN K. SMALL, Lancaster, Pa. IRA C. SNYDER, Greensburg, Pa. EDGAR D. THOMPSON, Lancaster, Pa. GEORGE B. WALKER, Hoyt, Pa. GERNY WEBER, Rebersburg, Pa. JEFFERSON G. WINGERT, Marchand, Pa. Freshmen, 23. -*13*- Course of Instruction. FRESHMEN. FIRST TERM. GREEK. - Herodotus' History, Merriam's Edition, Sixth Book, until 50 pages have been read. Three hours weekly. Greek Prose Composition. One hour weekly. LATIN. - Livy's History, Twenty-first Book, until the book has been read. Three hours weekly. Latin Prose Composition. One hour weekly. MATHEMATICS - Wells' University Algebra, beginning with Section XXXI. Four hours weekly. HISTORY. - Oriental History (Fisher), with Lectures and Original Essays. Two hours weekly. GERMAN. - Cook's Otto's German Grammar, the first twenty-two lessons with special exercises. Two hours weekly. Reading, Spelling and Conversation (based on the first 79 pages of "Heness' Leitfaden." One hour weekly. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. - Geikie's, with Lectures. One hour weekly. ENGLISH. - Practical Lessons in English, including Elements of Rhetoric, with Exercises in Composition and Declamation. One hour per week. SECOND TERM. GREEK. - Herodotus finished; Homer's Iliad begun, to be continued until six books have been read. Three hours. Greek Prose Composition continued. LATIN. - Livy finished; the Odes of Horace begun, to be continued until three books have been read. Three hours. Latin Prose Composition continued. MATHEMATICS. - Wentworth's Geometry, Books VI., VII., VIII. Four hours. HISTORY. - History of Greece (Fisher) with Lectures and Original Essays. Two hours. GERMAN. - German Grammar, lessons 23 to 35 inclusive, with special exercises. Two hours. Reading, Spelling and Conversation, based on "Heness," pp. 19-40. One hour. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. - Geikie's continued. One hour. ENGLISH. - Continued as in first term. THIRD TERM. GREEK. - Homer continued. Greek Composition continued. LATIN. - Odes of Horace continued. Latin Prose continued. MATHEMATICS. - Wells' Plane Trigonometry. Four hours. HISTORY. - History of Rome (Fisher) with Lectures and Original Essays. Two hours. GERMAN. - Cook's Otto, lessons 36-50, with special exercises. Two hours. Reading, Spelling and Conversation, based on "Heness," pp. 40-72. One hour. CHEMISTRY. - Introduction to Chemistry (Remsen) with experiments. One hour. ENGLISH. - Continued as in first term. -*14*- SOPHOMORES. FIRST TERM. GREEK. - Homer finished; Plato's "Phaedo" begun, to be continued until forty pages have been read. Three hours. LATIN. - Satires of Horace to the end of the first book. Three hours. MATHEMATICS. - Wells' Spherical Trigonometry; Wentworth's Analytical Geometry. Three hours. NATURAL SCIENCE. - Packard's Zoology, with practical exercises and work based on Huxley's Practical Biology. Two hours. HISTORY. - Medieval History (Fisher) with Lectures and Original Essays. Two hours. PHILOSOPHY. - Lectures on the Philosophy of History, with recitations. One hour. GERMAN. - Translating from English into German, based on Cook's Otto's Promiscuous Exercises in Translation; Translation and Declamation of easy German Poems; Free Conversational Exercises. Two hours. ENGLISH. - Anglo-Saxon Grammar; Reading in Corson's Hand-book; Lectures on English Literature begun. One hour per week during the year. Practical Exercises in Composition and Declamation. One hour per week during the year. SECOND TERM. GREEK. - Plato's "Phaedo" finished; Demosthenes' "de Corona" begun, first forty pages. Three hours. LATIN. Juvenal's Satires, first six. Three hours. MATHEMATICS. - Wentworth's Analytical Geometry. Three hours. NATURAL SCIENCE. - Zoology; Gray's Lessons in Botany, with practical exercises in Biology. Two hours. HISTORY. - Medieval and Modern History (Fisher) with Lectures and Original Essays. Two hours. MENTAL SCIENCE. - Rauch's Anthropology, with Lectures. One hour. GERMAN. - Translating from English into German, based on Cook's Otto's Promiscuous Exercises in Translation, Schiller's Wallenstein or Wilhelm Tell; Free Conversational Exercises, Declamations, and two Compositions. Two hours. ENGLISH. - Continued, as in first term. THIRD TERM. GREEK.-Demosthenes' "de Corona" finished. Three hours. LATIN. - Juvenal's Satires finished. Three hours. MATHEMATICS. - Wentworth's Analytical Geometry concluded; Surveying and Navigation. Three hours. NATURAL SCIENCE. - Practical Botany on the basis of Gray's Manual, with Work in the Field. Two hours in the class-room in addition to outside work. HISTORY. - Modern History (Fisher) with Lectures and Original Essays. Two hours. MENTAL SCIENCE. - Anthropology continued. One hour. GERMAN. - Schiller's Wallenstein or Wilhelm Tell. Free Conversational Exercises, Declamations and four Compositions. Two hours. ENGLISH. - Continued as in first term. -*15*- JUNIORS. FIRST TERM. MENTAL SCIENCE. - Porter's Human Intellect. Two hours. GREEK. - AEschylus' "Prometheus Vinctus," to the end of the tragedy. Two hours. LATIN. - Cicero's "de Oratore," to the end of the first book. Two hours. MATHEMATICS. - Taylor's Calculus. Two hours. CHEMISTRY. - Inorganic Chemistry (Shephard's) with experiments and laboratory work. Two hours. GERMAN. - Translating from English into German. A Modern Novel. Free Conversational Exercises, Declamation and three Compositions. Two hours. ENGLISH. - Lectures on English Literature with Reading in Corson's Handbook. One hour. Critical Reading of Chaucer ("Prologue"). One hour. HISTORY. - Lectures on the History of Philosophy. Two hours. SECOND TERM. LOGIC. - Atwater's Logic. Two hours. GREEK. - Sophocles' "Oedipus Tyrannus," to the end of the tragedy. Two hours. LATIN. - Cicero's "de Oratore," finished; Terence's "Andria," to the end of the comedy. Two hours. MATHEMATICS. - Olmsted's Natural Philosophy; Mechanics, Hydrostatics. Two hours. CHEMISTRY. - Inorganic Chemistry continued; Organic Chemistry. Two hours. PHILOSOPHY. - Lectures on Aesthetics, with Recitations. Two hours. GERMAN. - Goethe's Faust or Lessing's Nathan der Weise. Free Conversational Exercises, Declamations and four Compositions. Two hours. ENGLISH. - Lectures on English Literature, Critical Reading of Spenser ("Faery Queene," Book I.) One hour. THIRD TERM. LOGIC. - Atwater's Logic. One hour. GREEK. - Sophocles' "Oedipus Tyrannus" completed, and Aristophanes' "Clouds" begun, to be read to the end of the comedy. Two hours. LATIN. - Terence's "Andria" finished. Two hours. MATHEMATICS. - Olmsted's Natural Philosophy, Pneumatics and Acoustics. Two hours. ANATOMY. - Martin's Human Body; Histology with the microscope. Two hours. PHILOSOPHY. - Lectures on Aesthetics with Recitations continued. Two hours. GERMAN. - Goethe's Faust or Lessing's Nathan der Weise; Free Conversational Exercises, Declamation, and three Compositions. Two hours. ENGLISH. - Lectures on English Literature; Critical Reading of Shakespeare ("As You Like It"). Two hours. Lectures on American Literature. One hour. SENIORS. FIRST TERM. PHILOSOPHY. - Lectures on Ethics and Social Science, with Recitations. Two hours. MATHEMATICS. - Olmsted's Natural Philosophy; Optics, Heat, Magnetism and Electricity. Three hours. -*16*- GREEK. - Aristophanes' "Clouds" continued. One hour. LATIN. - Tacitus' "Annales." One hour. GEOLOGY. - Le Conte's Elements of Geology; Dynamic and Structural Geology. Two hours. GERMAN. - Translation from English into German; Compositions and Original Orations. One hour. ENGLISH. - Lectures on English Literature. One hour. Critical reading of Shakespeare's "Hamlet," or some other tragedy. Milton's "Comus." One hour. Lectures on Higher Rhetoric and the Theory of Style. Two hours. ARCHAEOLOGY. - Lectures on Prehistoric Archaeology. One hour. SECOND TERM. PHILOSOPHY. - Lectures on Ethics and Social Science continued. Two hours. ASTRONOMY. - Newcomb and Holden's Treatise on Astronomy, with illustrations in the Observatory. Three hours. GREEK. - Theocritus' Poems. One hour. LATIN. - Tacitus' "Annales." One hour. POLITICAL ECONOMY. - Newcomb's Principles of Political Economy. Two hours. GEOLOGY. - Le Conte's Elements of Geology continued. Historical Geology. Two hours. ARCHAEOLOGY. - Lectures, on Historic Archeology. One hour. GERMAN. - Lectures on German Literature with Recitations. One hour. ENGLISH. - Lectures on English Literature. One hour. Critical reading of Pope's Satires. One hour. THIRD TERM. PHILOSOPHY. - Lectures on Social Science. Two hours. GREEK. - Theocritus' Poems. One hour. LATIN. - Tacitus' "Annales." One hour. ASTRONOMY. - Newcomb and Holden's Treatise concluded; Practical work in the Observatory. Three hours. POLITICAL ECONOMY. - Newcomer's "Principles" concluded. Two hours. GEOLOGY. - General Review, with field work. Two hours. ARCHAEOLOGY. - Lectures on Historic Archaeology. One hour. GERMAN. - Lectures on German Literature. One hour. ENGLISH. - Lectures on English Literature. One hour. Critical reading of Scott's "Marmion." One hour. In addition to the above studies, the members of the junior and Senior Classes receive a regular course of instruction in Elocution from Prof. S. S. Neff. Special Classes have also been organized in the following optional studies, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees: A class in Histology, with Laboratory Work, and Practice with the Microscope, under the instruction of D. B. Weaver, A.B., M.D. A class in Chemical Work, with Practice in the Laboratory. A class in Practical Astronomy with work in the Observatory. A course in French, beginning with the Sophomore Class. This course comprises Grammar, Conversational Exercises, Translating from English into French, Composition and Declamation, and Reading from the best French authors. -*17*- Franklin and Marshall College. THIS Institution was founded at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1853, by the consolidation of two older institutions: Franklin College, established in 1787, in the same place, mainly through the exertions of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, who also contributed liberally to its endowment; and Marshall College, founded in 1836, and translated for the purpose of this union from its old location at Mercersburg, Franklin County, Pa. The main College building is situated in the midst of a campus comprising twenty-two acres of ground, on an eminence in the western portion of Lancaster City. On each side of this main building stand the two Society halls, and some distance northward are located two large substantial buildings; the one, Harbaugh Hall, used for rooming and boarding the students; the other, the Academy, occupied mainly by the Preparatory Department. On these grounds are also located several dwellings, occupied by professors in the Theological Seminary. There are few colleges anywhere that have so fine a location and such beautiful grounds. The location is sufficiently separated from the built-up portions of the city to be retired, while it possesses all the advantages of one of the most prosperous inland cities in the State. The situation is healthful, and enjoys more than ordinary advantages in the way of communication in all directions by railroad and telegraph. In its accommodations and surroundings it presents everything that could be desired in a Literary Institution. The excellent markets and cheapness of living in Lancaster present special inducements to young men who may seek to obtain a liberal education on limited means. The College is enabled to furnish free tuition to all students who occupy scholarships, and as a consequence, but few are required to be at any expense for this purpose. A reference to the necessary expenses elsewhere stated, will serve to show that few colleges anywhere present equal inducements in this respect. But the College rests its claim for patronage and support mainly on the internal advantages it presents for obtaining the full benefit of a thorough, liberal education. It continues to maintain its position in regard to liberal culture for its own sake. The course of study laid down in the curriculum looks to this end. This course has been tested for centuries as best adapted for the cultivation of the mind preparatory to the study of the learned professions and -*18*- other active pursuits of life. Before the direct study of such professions and pursuits can be entered upon with the best advantage, the powers of the mind need be thoroughly disciplined and cultivated. To anticipate such immediately practical study, by introducing technic studies in the regular college course will probably defeat, in the end, both purposes. It is this tendency towards what is regarded as a more practical education that has interfered with the true idea of college education and lowered the standard of liberal culture in the learned professions. Schools of a lower grade have aimed to teach the higher studies of the College course by shortening the course in the preliminary studies, thus reducing the time required to obtain a complete education. Some colleges have also aimed to draw a large number of students by providing elective courses in practical and technic studies, which can be pursued with far more success after the student has received the necessary discipline of the regular college course. Franklin and Marshall has remained firm in its adherence to what it conceives to be the true end and aim of a college. While it freely concedes the legitimate calling of institutions that lay themselves out specially for a business education, and the pursuit of technic studies, it does not believe that such purposes can be advantageously joined with a vigorous and successful attempt to master a full classical course. Where these two schemes are placed beside each other in the same college, they will tend to interfere with the proper unity of College education in the old sense. Thus we find that, as schools of a lower grade have become superficial by undertaking the work of a college in less than the usual time, colleges have been tempted to introduce university courses without the preparation necessary to give them true effect. The result in both cases has been superficial extension without corresponding thoroughness and depth. This tendency is one of the greatest dangers to which our American education generally is exposed. True to its idea, Franklin and Marshall College has no optional courses of study in which the learner is allowed to choose for himself what he shall learn. It receives no irregular students, as they are called, and has no provisional or mixed classes. Its course provides for the Departments of Mathematics, Ancient Languages, Natural Sciences, English Literature, History and Archaeology, the German Language and Literature, and Philosophy, embracing Mental and Moral Science and Aesthetics. The separate branches embraced in the departments may be seen in the curriculum of studies. Christian Instruction. First, and of most importance, we mention the existence of a -*19*- regularly organized Christian congregation in the Institutions, the membership of which is composed of the students, the professors and their families, together with some families and members not so directly connected with the College and Seminary. The officers in this congregation are selected from members of the College and Seminary, a regular service is held every Sunday forenoon, and the Holy Communion is regularly observed. The communicants in this congregation number, on an average, from 125 to 150. Connected with this congregation is a catechetical class taught by the senior pastor. As pertaining to the order of the College and Seminary a Bible Class meets every Sunday morning, and is instructed by one of the professors (at present by Prof. Kieffer), with the Greek Testament for a text-book. Several prayer-meetings are held weekly by different sections of the students of the College and Seminary. A regular service, consisting of reading of Scripture, singing, and prayer, is held every morning before the duties of the day begin. The Y. M. C. A. of the College and the Society of Inquiry in the Seminary also maintain a Missionary Association, which holds monthly public services, in connection with which a paper is read by one of the students, or a lecture delivered by some one invited for the purpose. From all this it may be seen that the students are confronted with the claims of Christianity in its most concrete and living form, whilst all the instruction in the different departments is intoned by a Christian spirit and by Christian principles. The proportion of the students of the College who are communicant members of the church is unusually large, amounting to from 80 to 90 per cent. The College, it will be seen, is therefore thoroughly Christian. At the same time, while it is, as is well known, under the general care of the Reformed Church, the Trustees being elected by the Synod of the United States, it imposes no sectarian restraints upon the religious freedom of the students. The sons of parents residing in Lancaster or belonging to other religious denominations, may be excused from attending the Sunday morning service, at the special written request of their parents or guardians. All others are expected to attend. TERMS OF ADMISSION. - Candidates for admission into the Freshman Class must be qualified for examination in English Grammar, Geography, Arithmetic, Algebra, through equations of the second degree, including involution, evolution, radical and imaginary quantities (as in Wells' University Algebra to Section XXXI., or Robinson's University Algebra to Chapter VI.), Ge- -*20*- ometry (four books, Wentworth's), Geography, Latin Grammar, Greek Grammar, Caesar's Commentaries (five books), Virgil (Eclogues and six books of the AEneid), Cicero's Orations (six), Arnold's Latin Prose Composition (twenty exercises), or Harkness' to Part III., Jacob's Greek Reader and three books of the Anabasis, or other authors equivalent in quality. To enter a higher class, the qualifications of the candidate must rise according to the established course of studies. Examinations for Admission. Examinations for admission will be held on the Monday and Tuesday of Commencement week, and on the Wednesday and Thursday of the opening week of the Fall Term. The applicants will be divided into two classes and examined as follows: Classics. FIRST CLASS. - Monday, 2-4 P.M. - Written examination in Latin and Greek Grammar, Caesar's Commentaries, and Xenophon's Anabasis. 4-6 P.M. - Oral examination in Virgil's AEneid, Cicero's Orations, and Xenophon's Anabasis. SECOND CLASS. - Tuesday, 2-4 and 4-6 P.M. Same as above. Mathematics. SECOND CLASS. - Monday, 2-4 P.M. Arithmetic and Algebra. 4-6 P.M. Geometry. FIRST CLASS. - Tuesday, 2-4 P.M. Same as above. English. BOTH CLASSES. - Tuesday, 10-12 A.M. Applicants for the Sophomore class will have special hours appointed for their examination in Freshman studies, after they have passed in the branches required for admission to the Freshman class, and will be examined as follows: CLASSICS: Livy, 21st or 22d book; Horace, 2 1/2 books of the Odes; Herodotus, 50 pages; Homer, 3 books of the Iliad; Greek Prose, 30 Lessons. MATHEMATICS: Algebra, continued through Wells' University Algebra, Geometry, continued through Wentworth's or Chauvenet's Treatise; Plane Trigonometry, as much as is contained in Wells' or Wentworth's text-book. HISTORY: Ancient History to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. GERMAN: Cook's Otto's German Grammar; German Reader. NATURAL SCIENCE: Physical Geography. RECITATIONS. - Each class has at least three exercises daily, in the way of recitation or lecture, on the branches of study embraced in the course. EXAMINATIONS. - Public examinations are held at the close or during the progress of each term, and at the termination of the whole course. A test examination is held at the end of the Sophomore and Senior years. Reports. A record is kept of all the delinquencies in the case of each -*21*- student, and regular observations are made at the time upon his scholarship and general deportment; all of which serve as a basis for the report which, at the close of the term, is sent to his parent or guardian. Collegiate Year. The Collegiate year embraces three terms. The First Term, beginning eleven weeks after the annual Commencement, comprises a period of sixteen weeks; the Second Term begins two weeks after the close of the First, and continues thirteen weeks; the Third Term consists of ten weeks. The Commencement is celebrated two weeks before the Thursday following the last Wednesday in June. There is no Spring vacation. Expenses of the Year. Tuition of each term, payable in advance, $13.00, $39 00 Contingent expenses, $6.00 per term, 18 00 Boarding, with a furnished room, fuel and light, in Harbaugh Hall, at the rate of $3.50 per week, for thirty-nine weeks, 136 50 Washing can be had at 75 cents per dozen, or $1 per month, 10 00 $203 50 Graduation fee, in the case of each student, five dollars. College dues are in all cases to be paid in advance, or within ten days from the beginning of the term. No designation to the use of a scholarship is valid that is not presented to the Treasurer in advance, or within ten days. Every designation to a scholarship is required to be in writing, in favor of some particular individual, explicitly named, and signed by the party to whom the scholarship belongs. New students, or as many as can be accommodated in the Building, are required to board in Harbaugh Hall for the first year. The expenses of students who have the use of scholarships are the same as the above, with the amount for tuition deducted; that is, $164.50 per year. If a student quit the Institution for any time, whether with or without permission, he cannot return afterwards to the same class, except by paying the regular dues for the whole period of such absence. When it is desired, any of the Professors will take charge of a student's funds, and disburse them, as they may be required, for his use. Annual Prizes. For several years a gold medal has been awarded to the member of the Senior Class who has passed the most satisfactory examination in the German language, and also to the successful competitor at the junior Oratorical Contest. These prizes are awarded -*22- by a committee of gentlemen who are not engaged in the educational work of the institution. The J. W. Wetzel Oratorical Prize. The Oratorical Prize Medal has lately been permanently endowed through the liberality of J. W. Wetzel, Esq., of Carlisle, Pa., and it will hereafter be called the Wetzel Oratorical Prize. Second Degree. The degree of Master of Arts is conferred at the end of three years on such graduates as apply for it, and show cause for it being granted in the proper continuation of their studies. Literary Societies. There are two Literary Societies established among the students, bearing the names of Diagnothian and Goethean, which, by appropriate exercises among themselves, in meetings held from week to week, endeavor to advance their improvement, each generously emulating the zeal of the other. Each of these societies has established a handsome Library of well-selected books, which is increased, through the zeal and liberality of the members, from year to year. These Libraries contain together, at this time, nearly ten thousand volumes. The "College Student." This periodical, issued by the Literary Societies as a medium of communication between the College and the Alumni, is hereby commended as worthy of patronage, and as calculated to promote the interests of the Institution. The Daniel Scholl Observatory. The Observatory belonging to the College was founded by Mrs. James M. Hood, of Frederick City, Maryland, in 1884. The principal instrument is the eleven-inch Clark-Repsold Equatorial with micrometer. In addition to this the observatory is provided with a three-inch transit instrument by Ertel and Son, a Fauth chronograph, a Seth Thomas precision clock and a chronometer, together with a set of meteorological instruments. Correct time is continually transmitted from the Observatory to the Keystone Watch Factory by telegraph. The meteorological apparatus is used to make a record of the state of the weather, which is regularly reported to the office of the Pennsylvania State Weather Service. The Herbarium. The College has acquired possession of the valuable collection of plants made by the late A. P. Garber, M.D. This collection contains about six thousand species of Phaenogams and Vascular Cryptogams of the Eastern United States, and is an important addition to the department of Natural Science. -*23*- Franklin and Marshall Academy. 1888-1889. -*24*- Instructors. PROF. W. W. MOORE, A.M., RECTOR. Mathematics, Natural Science and English. LLOYD E. COBLENTZ, A.B. Latin and Greek. Committee on Instruction. REV. J. O. MILLER, D.D. HON. J. P. WICKERSHAM, LL.D. MR. J. C. HAGER. HON. J. B. LIVINGSTON. MR. GEO. W. HENSEL. -*25*- Students. NAME, RESIDENCE. R. H. BOOKMYER, Lancaster, Pa. G. W. BRUBAKER, " " E. P. COHO, " " G. M. K. DIFFENDERFER, Landisville, Pa. A. D. DORLEY, Lancaster, Pa. L. W. EDWARDS, Janesville, Pa. JOSEPH E. GOODELL, Lancaster, Pa. JOHN M. GROVE, " " JACOB M. HARTLE, Leitersburg, Md. A. ARTHUR HELLER,* Lancaster, Pa. T. G. HELM, New Providence, Pa. W. E. HOFFHEINS, Martinsburg, W. Va. W. M. HOLLOWBUSH, Mt. Joy, Pa. WILLIAM J. HOUCK, Frederick, Md. W. A. HUMPHREVILLE, Lancaster, Pa. MISS GRACE HURST, " " A. E. LEAMAN, Lampeter, Pa. JAMES EDGAR LEIBY, Newport, Pa. CHARLES L. LEONARD,* Lancaster, Pa. FRANK S. LOEB, " " H. J. F. MAYSER, " " A. LEROY MCCARDELL, Frederick, Md. HIRAM J. MCCASKEY, Lancaster, Pa. HARVEY W. METCLER, Sporting Hill, Pa. F. E. MILLER, Rohrerstown, Pa. S. W. MILLER, " " HARRY M. MUSSER, Lancaster, Pa. HARVEY NEWCOMER,* Rohrerstown, Pa. SAMUEL H. RANCK,* Lancaster, Pa. HARRY H. RANCK,* " " KENJIRO SATOW,* (Japan) " " MISS E. H. SCHWARTZ, Newburg, Pa. EDGAR D. THOMPSON,* Lancaster, Pa. MISS ANNA THOMPSON, " " GEORGE B. WALKER,* Hoyt, Pa. E. E. WEAVER, Martinsburg, W. Va. T. CARL WHITMER Lancaster, Pa. Total 37. Admitted to College 8. *Admitted to College. -*26*- Origin and Design. Franklin and Marshall Academy, as its name indicates, stands in close connection with Franklin and Marshall College, and partakes of all the advantages, both in point of location and general management, so justly claimed for the College. The object is, as heretofore, to make the Academy a fitting school for Franklin and Marshall College, and, in recognition of the fact that a well-fitted member of the Freshman Class gives the fairest promise of excellence in the Senior, no effort will be spared to attain the best possible preparation for entrance into College. In addition to this, however, it is also designed to give a practical training in the English branches and Mathematics, for the benefit of those who do not desire to take up the Ancient Languages preparatory to a college course. In this way the Academy places its educational facilities within the reach of those who desire to fit themselves for teaching or business. A constant effort is earnestly made also to develop solid Christian character, which may be safely regarded as the most important and essential qualification for success in any sphere of labor. This effort is strictly impartial as regards denominational lines. The best that can be done is to train the mind in such a way as to render the various powers the ready instruments of usefulness, under the direction of a will imbued with correct conceptions of right and duty. The influences of Christianity are constantly brought to bear and employed as the most effectual means of establishing principles of sound, practical morality. All students are required to attend the daily morning prayers and the Sunday services in the College Chapel. Permission to attend church elsewhere can only be granted upon the written request of parent or guardian. LADIES. - By a recent action of the Board of Trustees, ladies are also admitted into the Academy, and are granted the privilege of enjoying all the advantages afforded. -*27*- Course of Instruction. PRIMARY. FIRST TERM. Reading, Spelling, Penmanship, English Grammar (Lyte's), Arithmetic (Brooks'), and Geography. SECOND TERM. Reading, Spelling and Defining, Penmanship, English Grammar (Lyte's), Arithmetic (Brooks'), Geography, Declamation and Composition. THIRD TERM. Spelling and Defining, Penmanship, English Grammar (Lyte's), Arithmetic (Brooks'), Geography, History, Declamation and Composition. JUNIOR. FIRST TERM. English Grammar (Lyte's), Arithmetic (Brooks'), Algebra (Wentworth's), History, Latin (Allen's Method), Greek (Harkness' First Book), Declamation and Composition. SECOND TERM. English Grammar (Lyte's), Arithmetic (Brooks'), Algebra (Wentworth's), History, Latin (Allen's Method), Greek (Harkness' First Book), Declamation and Composition. THIRD TERM. Arithmetic (Brooks'), Algebra (Wentworth's), Civil Government, Latin (Caesar, and Allen and Greenough's Grammar), Greek (Selections in Harkness and 15 pages of Xenophon's Anabasis), Geometry (Wentworth's), Declamation and Composition. SENIOR. FIRST TERM. Algebra (Wentworth's), Geometry (Wentworth's), Latin (Caesar, Virgil, and Allen and Greenough's Grammar), Greek (Xenophon's Anabasis and Goodwin's Grammar), Ancient History, Declamation and Composition. SECOND TERM. Arithmetic (Review), Algebra (Wentworth's), Geometry (Wentworth's), Latin (Virgil, Cicero, and Allen and Greenough's Grammar), Greek, (Xenophon's Anabasis and Goodwin's Grammar), Ancient History, Bookkeeping, Declamation and Composition. THIRD TERM. Arithmetic (Review), Algebra (Wentworth's), Geometry (Wentworth's), Latin (Caesar, Cicero and Virgil) (Review), Greek (Xenophon's Anabasis and Goodwin's Grammar), Ancient History, Book-Keeping, Declamation and Composition. -*28*- Application and Admission. On application for entrance into the Primary year no examinations will be required, unless the applicant should enter some time during the year, when he or she will be required to pass examinations on that portion of the year's work already completed, or its equivalent. For admission into the Junior Class the applicant will be required to pass a creditable examination in Reading, Spelling, Writing, English Grammar (through the verb), Arithmetic (as far as percentage), and Geography. For admission into the Senior Class a creditable examination will be required - covering an introductory Latin Method and two books of Caesar, Harkness' First Greek, or its equivalent, Algebra (as far as equations of the first degree), and History. Those who do not desire to study Latin and Greek will have the privilege of taking up Book-Keeping, Natural Philosophy, Methods of Teaching, Physical Geography, etc., which will be systematically arranged for them. The students from abroad are required to room and board in the Academy building. This is a fine, large and beautifully situated building. The pleasant rooms, which are furnished with everything necessary except carpet, towels and soap, add much to the health and comfort of the students. It is urged, both for the welfare of the Academy and for the advantage of the students, that they be present punctually at the beginning of the first term, the first Tuesday in September. Permission to leave school, whether temporarily or otherwise, can only be granted upon the written request from home and with the full consent of the Rector. A strict observance of the study-hours and all other requirements of the school will be insisted upon. Reports of students' standing are sent home at the end of each term, or oftener if it should be deemed necessary. Rates of Tuition, Boarding, etc. Boarding, Tuition, Light, Fuel, Furnished Room, per year, $200.00 -*29*- Tuition for Day Scholars. For Fall Term of Sixteen Weeks, $20.00 For Winter Term of Thirteen Weeks, 17.00 For Summer Term of Ten Weeks, 13.00 All dues are payable half in advance. Washing can be had for $1.00 or $1.25 per month. The only extra charge is twenty-five cents per week when one wishes to occupy a room alone. Calendar. The school year embraces three terms, corresponding with those of the College. The First Term begins on the first Thursday in September, and comprises a period of sixteen weeks; the Second Term begins two weeks after the close of the first, and continues thirteen weeks; the Third Term begins immediately after the close of the Second, and ends with the Annual Commencement of the College. For further particulars address PROF. W. W. MOORE Rector Franklin and Marshall Academy, LANCASTER, PENN'A. -*30*- [blank] -*31*- Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church in the United States. 1888-1889. FOUNDED AT CARLISLE, PENN'A., MARCH, 1825. -*32*- Board of Trustees. DANIEL W. GROSS, President, GEO. W. HENSEL, Vice President, GEORGE Z. KUNKEL, Secretary, JOHN B. ROTH, Treasurer, JOHN D. SKILES, EDGAR SLAGLE, CHARLES, SANTEE, HENRY WIRT, ISAAC H. KEEFER, HON. WILLIAM J. BAER, JOHN TRUXEL, GEORGE HILL, ESQ., H. WIRT SHRIVER, PETER S. HAY, GEORGE G. HEILMAN, CHARLES A. SHULTZ, AARON G. RENNINGER, ISRAEL LAUCKS. Executive Committee. - D. W. GROSS, J. B. ROTH, G. Z. KUNKEL, GEO. W. HENSEL and JOHN D. SKILES. Board of Visitors. REV. Amos H. KREMER, D.D., President, REV. THEODORE APPEL, D.D., Secretary, REV. DANIEL M. WOLF, REV. SAMUEL Z. BEAM, D.D., REV. SAMUEL G.WAGNER, D.D., REV. THOS. C. PORTER, D.D., REV. CHAS. F. MCCAULEY, D.D., REV. ALBERT E. TRUXAL, REV. CHARLES G. FISHER, REV. J. W. SANTEE, D.D., REV. E. R. ESHBACH, D.D., REV. J. CALVIN BOWMAN. Library. PROF. F. A. GAST, Librarian. LLOYD R. COBLENTZ, Assistant. -*33*- Faculty. REV. EML. V. GERHART, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology. REV. T. G. APPLE, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Church History and Exegesis. REV. F. A. GAST, D.D., Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Theology. SILAS S. NEFF, Teacher of Elocution. -*34*- Seniors. NAME, RESIDENCE. WILLIAM T. AUMANN, Millheim, Pa. Central Pennsylvania College, 1886. CALVIN E. BARTHOLOMEW, Lehighton, Pa. Palatinate College, 1883. JOHN T. BALLIET, Limestoneville, Pa. Franklin and Marshall Academy, 1886. LLOYD E. COBLENTZ, Middletown, Md. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. GEORGE C. ERB, Westminster, Md. Western Maryland College, 1886. A. MARION KIFER, St. Petersburg, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. RUSSELL N. KOPLIN, Hellertown, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. FRANKLIN E. LAUFFER, Harrison City, Pa. Washington and Jefferson College, 1886. GEORGE J. LISBERGER, Bath, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. J. HARVEY MICKLEY, Waynesboro, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. CHARLES A. SANTEE, Cavetown, Md. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. OLIVER F. SCHAEFFER, Siegfried's, Pa. Centre Square Academy, 1886. AMBROSE M. SCHMIDT, Hanover, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1881. SEFELLEN E. STOFFLET, Siegfried's, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. JAMES B. STONESIFER, Manchester, Md. Mercersburg College, 1886. GEORGE B. WALBERT, Macungie, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. CHARLES B. WEAVER, Hellertown, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1884. Seniors, 17. -*35*- Middlers. NAME, RESIDENCE. DANIEL W. ALBRIGHT, Reading, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. THOMAS J. BOWER, Briggsville, Pa. JAMES R. BROWN, Allentown, Pa. Muhlenberg College, 1887. RAYMOND E. BUTZ, Allentown, Pa. Muhlenberg College, 1887. ABNER S. DECHANT, Pennsburg, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1887. HARRY F. DITTMAR, Loysburg, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1887. JONATHAN V. GEORGE, Emaus, Pa. Keystone State Normal School, 1880. IRWIN W. HENDRICKS, Worcester, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College. STANLEY L,. KREBS, Littlestown, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. ALBERT LOBACH, Ruchsville, Pa. Keystone State Normal School, 1887. MONROE M. NOACHER, Pallas, Pa. Selinsgrove Normal School, 1878. MILES O. NOLL, Lewisburg, Pa. Bucknell University, 1887. GEO. W. RICHARDS, Maxatawny, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1887. J. LUCIAN ROUSH, Madisonburg, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1887. ELMER E. WELLER, Gebhart's, Pa. Heidelberg College, 1887. Middlers, 15. Juniors. NAME, RESIDENCE. HERBERT CHRISTIAN ALLEMAN, Lancaster, Pa. Pennsylvania College, 1887. THOMAS K. CROMER, Hagerstown, Md. Franklin and Marshall College, 1888. ALBERT SUDER GLESSNER, Meyersdale, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1888. FRANCIS MARION LINE, Marquette, Neb. Franklin and Marshall College, 1888. WILLIAM J. MUIR, Emaus, Pa. EDWARD C. MUSSELMAN, Lancaster, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1888. DAVID SCHEIRER, JR., Laury's Station, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1888. HENRY E. SNYDER, Bouquet, Pa. Heidelberg College, 1888. GEORGE P. STEM, Stemton, Pa. Franklin and Marshall College, 1886. Juniors, 9. -*37*- Course of Instruction. JUNIOR CLASS. PHILOLOGY. - Hebrew Grammar, (Harper's Method and Manual, and Harper's Elements), with Exercises in Reading and Writing Hebrew, and Translating both from Hebrew into English, and from English into Hebrew. Daily Recitations. EXEGESIS. - Select portions from the Historical Books of the Old Testament; the Study and Exposition of the Gospel according to St. John. HISTORY.-Sacred History of the Old Testament, with Biblical Archaeology; Lectures on the Apostolic Church, and Schaff's History of Primitive Christianity. PROPAEDEUTICS. - Lectures on Introduction to the New Testament, following the outline of Bleek; Lectures on Biblical Hermeneutics. Theological Encyclopaedia. Prolegomena to Dogmatics: 1. Natural Religion; Ethnic Religions, and their Relation to Christian Revelation. 2. The Nature of Christianity; Connection and Difference between the Christian and pre-Christian Economies. 3. Apologetics; Historical Argument; difference and connection between Christianity and Canonical Books; Christianity and the Scriptures self-authenticating to Spiritual Perception; Inspiration. 4. Christian Dogmas, their Origin, Nature and Organic Connection; their Relation to the Ecumenical Creeds and to Philosophy. CATECHISM. - An Expository Lecture once a week on the Heidelberg Catechism.* ESSAYS by the Students on topics discussed in Prolegomena to Christian Dogmatics. MIDDLE CLASS. PHILOLOGY. - Syriac and Chaldee, with Exercises in Translation from the Pshito Version of the New Testament, and from the Targums (Optional). *The course of Lectures delivered to the three classes collectively. -*38*- EXEGESIS. - Lectures on Historical and Critical Introduction to the Old Testament; the Semitic Languages; the Historical, Prophetical and Poetical Literature of the Old Testament; Special Introduction to the Books of the Old Testament; History of the Canon of the Old Testament among the Jews and Christians; History of the Preservation of the Old Testament, with an account of Manuscripts and Versions, and of the treatment of the Text. Exposition of one or more of the Prophetical Books, with a comparison of the Hebrew Text with the Septuagint and Vulgate Versions (Stier and Theile's Polyglot); Lectures on the Epistle to the Hebrews, and a portion of the Romans. HISTORY. - Lectures on Church History of the Middle Ages; Lectures on the Development of Christian Doctrines, on the basis of Hagenbach's Doctrine History. ETHICS. - Lectures on Christian Ethics, on the basis of Martensen's Social Ethics. CATECHISM. - An Expository Lecture once a week on the Heidelberg Catechism. DOGMATICS. - I. The Christ-Idea; The Principle and Law of Christian Dogmatics; 2. Theology; the Pagan Conception; Old Testament Monotheism; the Christian Idea; the Triune God; the Attributes; God's Being Manifest in Christ; 3. Cosmology; The Cosmos in relation to Christ; Creation; World in Space and Time; its End in Man; Angelology, Good and Evil Angels; Satan and his Kingdom; Providence; Predestination; 4. Anthropology; Divine Idea of Man; the Primeval Man; Probation, Fall and Consequences of the Fall; Sin and Death, their Nature and History. ESSAYS by Students on questions of Theology, Cosmology and Anthropology. HOMILECTICS. - Sermons before the Seminary; Sermons read in the Class-room. SENIOR CLASS. PHILOLOGY. - Arabic Grammar with exercises in Translating (Optional). EXEGESIS. - Exposition of the Poetical Books (Psalms, job), with a comparison of the Hebrew Text with the Septuagint and Vulgate Versions. LECTURES on Romans, Galatians, Colossians and Ephesiatis. HISTORY. - Lectures on the Reformation and the Modern Period, including a course of lectures on American Church History. THEOLOGY. - Lectures on the Theology of the Old Testament. -*39*- DOGMATICS. - 5. Christology; Advent, Conception and Birth, Circumcision, Normal Development, Baptism, Temptation, Mediatorial Work, Atoning Death, Resurrection and Glorification of Christ; His Office as Prophet, Priest and King; Christological Errors. 6. Pneumatology; Advent, Work and Office of the Holy Spirit; the Church, the Ministry and the Sacraments. 7. Soteriology; Nature and Sphere of personal Salvation; Faith, Repentance, Election, Justification, Sanctification, the Law and Good Works. 8. Eschatology; Christ the End of Creation and Providence, Revelation and Redemption; the Parousia, Millennium, Resurrection of the Dead, the Destruction of Hades, Final judgment, Hell and Heaven. HOMILETICS. - Lectures on Preaching. Sermons before the Seminary; Sermons read in the Class-room. CATECHISM. - An Expository Lecture once a week on the Heidelberg Catechism.* PRACTICAL THEOLOGY. - The Office, in relation to the Work of the Ministry; Catechetics, Cultus, Pastoral Theology, Missions. ESSAYS by Students on questions in Christology, Pneumatology, Soteriology and Eschatology. THE SEMINARY. The Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church, located at Lancaster, is conducted under the supervision and direction of the three (English) Eastern Synods, namely: the Synod of the Reformed Church in the United States, the Synod of Pittsburg, and the Synod of the Potomac; the members of the Board of Visitors and of the Board of Trustees being chosen from the ministers and members of these three ecclesiastical bodies. The confessional standard of doctrine is the Heidelberg Catechism. Instruction is imparted mainly by means of lectures. TERMS OF ADMISSION. The regular time for entering the Seminary is the first Thursday in September. Every applicant must produce satisfactory testimonials that he possesses good natural talents, and is of prudent and discreet deportment; that he is a member in good standing of some Christian church, and has passed through a regular course of academical study; or, wanting this, he shall submit himself to an examination in regard to the branches of literature taught in such a course, especially those generally taught to the end of the Sophomore year. *This course of Lectures delivered to the three classes collectively. -*40*- Every student, before he takes his standing in the Seminary, shall subscribe to the following declaration, viz.: "Impressed with the importance of improving in knowledge, prudence and piety, in my preparation for the Gospel Ministry, I promise, in reliance on divine grace, that I will faithfully attend upon all instructions of this Seminary, and that I will conscientiously observe the rules and regulations of the institution; and that I will obey all the lawful requisitions and yield to all the wholesome admonitions of the Professors and Board of Visitors of the Seminary, while I shall continue a member of it." The first six months of every student in the Seminary shall be considered as probationary; and if, at the end of that period, any student shall appear to the Professors not qualified to proceed in his studies, they shall so report him to the Board of Visitors, who, if they are of the same opinion with the Professors, shall dismiss him from the Seminary. The Seminary is open, on the terms here stated, to students from other Christian denominations, as freely as to those of the Reformed Church, but such applicants as have previously been connected with a theological institution must produce an honorable dismission before they can be received. Students are required to remain during the entire period prescribed by the Board of Visitors, without whose permission no one shall, under any circumstances, disconnect himself from the institution. The Faculty, if they see proper, may give leave of temporary absence from the Seminary. EXAMINATION. At the close of the session an examination is held, in presence of the Board of Visitors appointed by the Synods. The members of the Senior Class are required to write sermons on passages of Scripture proposed by the Professors; and these sermons are distributed among the members of the Board of Visitors four weeks prior to the annual examination. Those students who have completed a full course are graduated at the close of the year, when a public commencement is held and Testimonials are awarded. SEMINARY YEAR. The full course of study in the Seminary embraces three years. The Seminary year consists of one session, beginning on the first Thursday in September, and ending on the second Thursday in May. There is a recess of two weeks at Christmas. LIBRARY. The Library of the Seminary comprises about 10,000 volumes. It is open every day, except Sunday, at 8:15 A.M. -*41*- SOCIETIES. A Theological Society is maintained among the students, in connection with a Reading Room, where the principal religious and literary periodicals are found. EXPENSES. No charge is made for tuition. Boarding can be obtained at the rate of from $3.00 to $3.50 per week. On or before the first of October the students are required, annually, to pay the Librarian a contingent fee of $3.00. ANNIVERSARY. The Sixty-fourth Anniversary will be celebrated on Thursday, the ninth of May, 1889. The Rev. T. T. Munger, D. D., New Haven, will preach the annual sermon before the students on Wednesday evening, May 8th. -*42*- GENERAL SUMMARY. College 107 Academy 37 Theological Seminary 41 Total 185 Deduct names given twice 8 Total 177 ALUMNI Alumni of Marshall College 192 Graduates of Law School 7 Alumni of Franklin and Marshall College 603 Total 802 CALENDAR. 1889. April 11. Tuesday - Third Term begins. " 11. Examination for Admission at 2 o'clock, P.M. May 9. Thursday - Close of Theological Seminary. " 10. Friday Evening - Anniversary of Diagnothian Literary Society. " 16. Thursday Evening - Anniversary of Goethean Literary Society. June 17. Monday - 2 P.M. Examinations for Admission. " 18. Tuesday - Annual Meeting of Board of Trustees at 2 P.M. " 18. "2 P.M. Examinations for Admission. 18. Tuesday Evening - Address before the Literary Society. " 19. Wednesday - Alumni and Society Re-unions. " 19. Wednesday Afternoon - Address before the Alumni Association. " 19. Wednesday Evening - Junior Oratorical Contest. " 20. Thursday - COMMENCEMENT. SUMMER VACATION. Sept. 4. Wednesday - Examination for Admission at 2 P.M. " 5. Thursday - First Term begins at 10 o'clock, A.M. " 5. "Examination for Admission at 2 P.M. Dec. 17. Tuesday - Winter Vacation begins. WINTER VACATION. 1890. Jan'y 2. Thursday - Second Term begins at 10 o'clock, A.M. " 2. " Examination for Admission at 2 o'clock, P.M. ---***---