BIOS: Surnames C to CRA - Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Jesse C. Sell, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, File 3 Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by the Blair County Genealogical Society, 431 Scotch Valley Road, Hollidaysburg, PA 16648. Copied and proofread by Linda M. Shillinger LindasTree@aol.com OCRed by Judy Banja Copyright 2001. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/blair/ _________________________________________ HOWARD BLACK CALDERWOOD, Postmaster of Tyrone and a representative business man of that place, a leader in the insurance line, a notary public and secretary of the Improvement Building and Loan Association, was born in this city, July 24, 1859, and is a son of James Monroe and Matilda (Hunter) Calderwood. James Monroe Calderwood was reared at Birmingham, Huntingdon County and came to Tyrone a young man as a school teacher. Later he served as agent of the Adams Express Company and as a notary public and as a justice of the peace and was secretary of the Tyrone Building and Loan Association when it was first organized. His was about the sixth or seventh house erected in the place. He died in 1887 at the age of sixty-six years. He married Matilda Hunter, who died in 1870. They were parents of the following children: William Lowrie, who was born in 1849, for many years was special claim agent with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and died in Philadelphia, where he has long resided; Howard Black; Mary Ella, now deceased, who was a resident of Tyrone; and three who died in infancy. Until he was about eighteen years of age, Howard B. Calderwood attended school at Tyrone, after which he accepted a position as express manager on the Tyrone & Clearfield branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad, with the Adams Company, and continued one year and then became a clerk in the mercantile house of Van Valzah & Wilson, where he was employed for eleven years. In 1887 he purchased an insurance agency, first handling fire risks only but later taking life insurance also, together with building and loan work, his combined interests making him one of the city's busiest men. However he has found time to take an active part in public matters, has served both as burgess and as assistant burgess and as a member of the council, borough auditor and in other positions. On August 14, 1888, Mr. Calderwood was married to Miss Anna Irene Dixon, a daughter of Elwood and Frances Dixon, formerly of Tyrone, but later of Newburg, N. Y. Four children were born to them: Bessie, Virginia Dixon, Howard B. and Dixon. Of these all survive except Virginia Dixon, who died in 1907. Mr. Calderwood and family attend the Methodist Episcopal, church. He is secretary of the Tyrone Club and is a member of Tyrone Lodge, No. 152, Odd Fellows. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 906-907. HON. SAMUEL CALVIN, deceased, was once a distinguished citizen of Pennsylvania, his native state, in which, for many years he was a political leader, and he was an eminent lawyer of Blair County, where his name is inscribed with those who have reflected honor on her bar. He was born in Columbia County, July 30, 1811, and was a son of Matthew and Mary Calvin, the former of whom was born in Chester County, Pa. Samuel Calvin profited by the educational advantages afforded him and when he completed his course at the Milton. Academy he was tendered and accepted the principalship of Huntingdon Academy, and two years later he became a student of law under Attorney James M. Bell, of that place. He was admitted to the bar in April, 1836, and in the following July became a resident of Hollidaysburg, which remained his chosen home until the close of his long and useful life, his death taking place in 1890. For forty years he was one of the ablest and most successful law practitioners of Blair County, possessing a keen, vigorous, alert mind. He was deeply interested in the public school question and for forty-five years was a member of the school board of Hollidaysburg. He was equally at home in considering public questions, being a close and sound student and having a broad and masterful mental grasp of every problem which he set himself to solve. These qualities were apparent in the attention he gave to local affairs and still more so when he became a member of Congress, elected in 1848, on the Whig ticket. This was a memorable congress - the slave question being then of great public importance - while then, as now, the tariff question was also a paramount one. In this, the Thirty-first Congress, Mr. Calvin represented Blair, Huntingdon, Mifflin, Juniata and Center Counties, and his speeches and writings during this remarkable session in favor of the protection of American industries, might, with profit, have been carefully considered by the august body which closed its labors on the tariff, at Washington, D.C., a half century later. He also foresaw the importance of carefully drawn currency laws - now also a burning question and with remarkable clearness of view, proposed remedies not different from the advanced opinions of the leading present day financiers. When the Civil War was precipitated he took his place in the ranks and helped protect his country from the invasion by the enemy. Mr. Calvin was married December 26, 1843, to Miss Rebecca S. Blodgett, who was born in Bedford County, Pa., and they had three children, one of whom is deceased. The survivors are Matthew and Eliza, the latter of whom is the widow of Dr. G. W. Smith. Matthew Calvin, the surviving son of the late Samuel Calvin, was born at Hollidaysburg and was educated in the Hollidaysburg Academy and the Lewisburg University. He prepared for the bar under his father's supervision, was subsequently admitted and has been in active practice at Hollidaysburg ever since, and maintains his office at No. 417 Montgomery Street. Mr. Calvin is additionally interested in business enterprises. In politics he is an ardent Republican and has frequently been honored by his party by appointment to positions of prominence and responsibility. His residence is at No. 612 Allegheny Street, Hollidaysburg. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 798. JOHN A. CANAN, manager of the Canan-Knox Supply Company, extensive dealers in builders' supplies, with business location at Nos. 1712-1720 Margaret Avenue, Altoona, Pa., has long been a leading factor in the successful business life of this city. He was born February 11, 1850, at Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., and is a son of John J. and Margaret (Davis) Canan. The great-grandfather, John Canan, who later served with rank of colonel in the Patriot army, came to the American colonies from the north of Ireland between 1760 and 1777, lived in Huntingdon County, Pa., and died in his ninetieth year. He was a man of evident superiority, and distinguished himself in military, business, judicial and public life. Of his family of sons the one who inherited most notably his remarkable talents was Moses Canan, the grandfather of John A. Canan, of Altoona. Major Moses Canan acquired his title through gallant service in the War of 1812. He subsequently located at Ebensburg, in Cambria County, Pa., and later became a leading member of the bar and served one term as associate judge. He died at Johnstown, Pa., in 1863. He married Mary Henderson, who was also of distinguished military ancestry; her father being Major William Henderson. John J. Canan, son of Major Moses Canan and father of John A., was born in Huntingdon County, Pa., in 1813, and accompanied his parents to Ebensburg in 1831. He was also a man of brilliant parts in many ways. In early manhood he was concerned in newspaper work both at Ebensburg and at Johnstown, and after leaving the latter city and locating at Hollidaysburg in 1846, became identified with large business enterprises. From that year until 1858 his main business was freight forwarding by way of the Pennsylvania Canal, and this led later to his embarking in the lime business at Canan's Station. He took his sons into partnership under the name of Canan Brothers, which style continued until 1876, when it became John A. Canan & Co. For a number of years this firm continued, the business being the handling of builders' supplies and coal, and the manufacturing of lime. John A. Canan spent a large part of his early school period at Hollidaysburg, and from 1869 until 1871 was a student at Lafayette College, at Easton, Pa. After his return home he soon became associated with his father in the lime and building supply business, from which has developed the important enterprise of which he is the capable manager, the Canan-Knox Supply Company, the officers of which are: John A. and L. M. Canan, both residing at. No. 2701 Broad Avenue, and Samuel T. Knox, residing at No. 2626 Broad Avenue. In his political views Mr. Canan is a Republican, and at times he has served in civic offices with the greatest efficiency. Mr. Canan was married May 29, 1888, to Miss Lizzie M. Morrow, a daughter of the late Rev. R. H. Morrow, once of McVeytown, but later pastor of the Presbyterian church at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. They have two daughters, Margaret M. and Mary H. Mr. Canan and family belong to the Broad Avenue Presbyterian church at Altoona, in which he is an elder. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 610. JOHN J. CANAN, deceased, for many years was a leading business man at Altoona and had additional interests at other points. He was born in Huntingdon County, Pa., in 1813, where his grandfather had first settled in 1760, and was a son of Major Moses and Mary (Henderson) Canan, and a grandson of Col. John Canan, the founder of the family in America. Col. John Canan was born in North Ireland and in his vigorous young manhood came to America, where, a few years later he joined the colonists in their struggle for independence. His valor won him the rank of colonel and his memory is preserved in the annals of the State of Pennsylvania, because he also became a man of distinction aside from his military prowess. He was early interested in iron and coal lands and is credited with building the first furnace ever erected in Blair County. >From 1787 until 1788, he served as a member of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, from Huntingdon County; in 1791 served as associate judge; in 1791 and 1792 represented his county in the General Assembly; and in 1794 was elected state senator as a representative of Huntingdon and Bedford Counties. Despite his many public responsibilities and business cares, he survived into his ninetieth year. Major Moses Canan, father of the late John J. Canan, was also a distinguished man in his native state. He served as an officer in the War of 1812 and later became one of the leading lawyers of Cambria County and served one term as associate judge. He married Mary Henderson and they both died about 1863. She was a daughter of Major William Henderson, who was an officer in the Revolutionary War and was taken prisoner by the British in the Battle of Long Island. John J. Canan accompanied his parents to Ebensburg, Cambria County, in 1831. He had literary tastes and talents and started a newspaper which he conducted at Ebensburg and later at Johnstown. In 1846 he removed to Hollidaysburg, Blair County, where he was interested in the business of freight handling until 1858, when he started the lime business, one that proved very profitable and through his energy and enterprise was extensively developed. In this business he was associated for a number of years with his son, John A. Canan, who is now manager of the Canan-Knox Supply Company of Altoona, successors to John A. Canan & Co. This company are dealers in terra cotta drain pipe, flue pipe, chimney tops, American and foreign cements, lime, sand, brick, paving brick, plaster, mortar colors, hair, lath, fire brick, and fire clay, etc., doing a business at Altoona that reaches yearly into thousands of dollars. John J. Canan married Margaret Davis, who was born in Wales, and they reared what is one of the re representative families of Blair County. They were members of the First Presbyterian Church at Altoona. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 510. JACOB CARN, justice of the peace in Greenfield Township, Blair County, Pa., and for many years identified with public affairs in this section, has been a resident of Claysburg, Pa., since 1871. He was born December 26, 1853, in Imler Valley, Bedford County, Pa., and is a son of William and Susan (Pressel) Carn and a grandson of George Carn and Isaac Pressel, early settlers in Bedford County, who left many descendants. Jacob Carn was reared in his father's house with brothers and sisters and attended the local schools until he was about eighteen years of age. He then came to Claysburg to learn the furniture and undertaking business with S. E. Hoenstine, with whom he served an apprenticeship of three years. For some years afterward, Mr. Carn worked as a journeyman, but in 1896 he embarked in business for himself and still continues in the furniture and undertaking line. He commands the respect and enjoys the confidence of his fellow citizens to an unusual degree and has probably been more frequently elected to responsible township offices than any other resident. For several years he served as constable of Greenfield Township, for ten years served as township clerk, for some years as road tax collector, for more years as treasurer and in 1890 was elected justice of the peace, in which office he has served ably and continuously ever since with the exception of one year. Mr. Carn was married to Miss Matilda Shock, a daughter of Capt. Daniel Shock, one of Claysburg's most respected and venerable citizens, he having reached his eighty-seventh year. To Mr. and Mrs. Carn eight children were born, namely: Mattie R., who is the popular postmistress at Claysburg; William F., who lives at Martinsburg; Charles O., who is in business at Roaring Spring; D. Ray, who is in the mail service and lives at Juniata, Pa.; John L., Margaret V. and Frederick L., all of whom live at Claysburg; and Stanton, who is deceased. Jacob Carn is a member of the Order of Odd Fellows and for a quarter of a century has been secretary of the Claysburg Lodge. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 825-826. JACOB S. CARPER, one of North Woodbury Township's respected citizens, who has resided near Martinsburg since the spring of 1905, is a member of an old Bedford County family. He was born in Middle Woodbury Township, Bedford County, Pa., December 4, 1837. His father, Jacob Carper, was born in the East, but his mother, Elizabeth (Smith) Carper, belonged to an old settled Bedford family. Jacob Carper died in Bedford County in 18go and his children were as follows: Margaret and Elizabeth, both residing in Bedford County; Philip and Jacob S., both residing in Blair County; Samuel, living in Bedford County; William and David, both residing in Blair County; Mary, widow of Isaac Kauffman, living in Bedford County; Elias, living in Blair County; John, making his home in Nebraska; and Daniel and Fannie, both of whom are deceased. When Jacob S. Carper was a boy it was not so easy to acquire a good education, there being no excellent school system as at present and country boys, as a rule, having to help on the farm at an early age. As opportunity was afforded him Mr. Carper went to school and later in life did all he could as president of the Taylor Township School Board, to bring an education within the reach of every child. He continued to reside in Bedford County until in the seventies, when he moved into Blair County and settled in Taylor Township. There he became a leading citizen and successfully carried on farming and stock raising until 1905, when he retired and located on his place near Martinsburg. In December, 1868, Mr. Carper was married to Miss Elizabeth Falkner,who was born November 2, 1837, a daughter of John Falkner, who was once a prominent citizen of Henrietta. Mr. and Mrs. Carper had one daughter, Rosanna, who is now deceased. Mrs. Carper died in March, 1907. She was a good, Christian woman, an active worker in the Church of God to which she and husband had long belonged, he being one of the elders of the church. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 629-630. JOSEPH K. CASS, president of the First National Bank of Tyrone, Pa., and largely interested in the business of paper manufacturing at this place, was born October 10, 1848, at Coshocton, O., and is a son of Dr. Abner L. and Margaret (Kerr) Cass. Dr. Abner L. Cass was born in Muskingum County, O., in 1816. He was a son of George W. Cass, a native of New Hampshire, and a grandson of Major Jonathan Cass, who served under General Washington, in the Revolutionary War. He won such distinction in military life that in 1791 he was commissioned captain of the 2d U.S. troops and appointed to Fort Duquesne. He never took command there, however, possibly having already seen enough of war; instead, he took up a military section of five thousand acres of land in Ohio and lived there until death. He was the father of a notable family. One son, Hon. Lewis Cass, occupied positions of the greatest prominence in public life, serving his country as a soldier and diplomat. He took part in the War of 1812; was governor of the Territory of Michigan from 1813-1831; was secretary of war from 1831-1836; was minister to France from 1836-1842; United States senator from 1845-1848 and from 1849 to 1857, and was secretary of state from 1857 until 1860. George Cass, the grandfather of Joseph K. Cass of Tyrone, died in Muskingum County, O., having accompanied his father from New Hampshire. Dr. Abner L. Cass was a prominent physician in Coshocton, O., for the greater part of his life and after retiring from practice, moved to Chicago, Ill., where both he and wife died, in 1886. He married Margaret Kerr, who was a daughter of Joseph Kerr. The latter was born in the north of Ireland and came to Washington County, Pa., among the early Scotch-Irish settlers. Later he moved to Allegheny County and became actively engaged in religious work as a minister in the United Presbyterian church and organized the United Presbyterian Theological Seminary at Allegheny. Several of his sons became ministers in this religious faith, notably Rev. David R. Kerr, D. D., who was connected with this educational institution at Allegheny for a number of years. Both he and his father died at Pittsburg. Five children were born to Dr. Abner L. Cass and wife, as follows: Joseph K.; George W., who resides at Douglas, Ariz.; John J., who died at the age of eight years; Agnes, who resides with her eldest brother, at Tyrone; and Abner L., who died in infancy. Joseph K. Cass attended the public schools in Coshocton in boyhood and then became a student at Kenyon College, where he was graduated in 1868, as a civil engineer and subsequently spent several years in railroad construction work in Michigan. Mr. Cass then became interested in the manufacturing of paper, at Roaring Spring,. Pa., and in 1875 entered into this business at that point, under the firm name of Morrison, Bare & Cass. In 1880 the company built a paper mill at Tyrone and after selling his Roaring Spring interest to Mr. Bare, Mr. Cass continued in the business at Tyrone, under the firm style of Morrison & Cass, until 1910, when this concern was merged with others which now continues paper manufacturing under the corporation name of the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, Mr. Cass being president of its board of directors. For thirty-five years he has been engaged in paper manufacturing and has been an official in every company with which he has been identified. He was president of the Morrison & Cass Company and also of the Williamsburg Paper Manufacturing Company after the purchase of the same from Charles Schwab. Shortly after the death of Mr. Morrison, in January, 1901, Mr. Cass was elected president of the First National Bank of Tyrone and has continued the head of this financial institution ever since. He is looked upon as a man of exceptional business ability and his name and services are sought by many large concerns for the public confidence they would command for any enterprise. Mr. Cass was married in 1879, to Miss Sarah M. Anderson, a daughter of Dr. John and Ann (Stevenson) Anderson, both of whom died at Coshocton, O. Mr. and Mrs. Cass have had four children: Charles, Margaret Kerr, Joseph K., Jr., and Ann Stevenson, the last named residing at home. Joseph K., Jr., died when aged eight years. Charles Cass, who is secretary of the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, married Mrs. Mary Stoddard, a daughter of Col. J. P. Barry, who was a member of the English army, located for many years at Bombay, India. They have one daughter, Patricia. Margaret Kerr Cass is the wife of Charles T. Lipscomb, who is a cotton broker residing at Columbus, S. C. They have one son, Charles Joseph. Mr. Cass and family are members of the Presbyterian church. For the past eighteen years they have been residents of Tyrone, coming from Pittsburg. About 1892, Mr. Cass erected his handsome residence here, which is probably one of the most elegant of the many stately edifices in Tyrone. Politically, Mr. Cass is a Republican. He is a man of pleasing manner, is broad minded in his attitude on many questions, uses his wealth unselfishly and commands the respect and enjoys the personal esteem of his fellow citizens. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 901-902. GERMAINE CASANAVE, one of Altoona's representative business men, a capitalist and leading citizen, conducts the largest harness, saddlery and horse furnishing goods establishment in all Central Pennsylvania and has additional business interests in this section. He was born at Escott, France, April 23, 1848, and is a son of John F. and Julia (Casaurancq) Casanave. The parents of Mr. Casanave were natives and lifelong residents of France. The father was a man of intellect and education and for many years was a school teacher. Both he and wife were worthy members of the Catholic church. They were the parents of eight children, three sons and five daughters, and two of these came to America and made their permanent homes here. Germaine Casanave was educated in the schools of his native province and then learned the saddlery and harnessmaking trade. His older brother, Francis D. Casanave, had emigrated to America in 1863. In 1870 Germaine decided to follow his example and in that year landed at the port of New York and from there came to Altoona, Pa. Pa. In the spring of 1871, he established himself in the harness and saddlery business in a modest way, and from that beginning his present large business has been built up. His store and manufactory at No. 1213 Eleventh Avenue, Altoona, has several times been enlarged and its capacity increased in order to meet the demands of trade, and for a number of years his has been the leading house in its line in this section. Mr. Casanave has kept fully abreast with the times and his stock is complete in every particular. While many pieces of improved machinery have been introduced since the business was established, Mr. Casanave still superintends all the work and is as particular with every bit of finished product as he was when it was all his own handiwork. He has been an astute business man and has acquired a large amount of valuable realty at Altoona and has vastly improved some sections through attractive building. He erected the handsome brick block on Eleventh Street, which bears his name, and also his fine private residence at No. 1105 Thirteenth Avenue. He is identified with the Republican party but has always declined public office. Mr. Casanave was married at Altoona in 1871, to Miss Mary M. Kurtz, who died October 24, 1886, and was survived by four children: Nicholas J., Anthony J., Joseph D. and Mary J. Mr. Casanave and children are members of St. John's Catholic Church at Altoona. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 639-640. HARRY E. CHAMBERLIN, who is engaged in general farming and truck gardening on a farm of 175 acres in Frankstown township, Blair County, Pa., was born August 15, 1868, in Frankstown township, and is the only child born to John and Margaret (Larinson) Chamberlin, both now deceased. The father, who died in Fayette County, Pa., followed mining, was a Republican in politics, and both parents were members of the Lutheran Church. The mother died in Blair County and was buried at the Geeseytown Cemetery. Harry E. Chamberlin was reared in his native township, attended the local schools until seventeen years of age, and then learned the trade of a stationery engineer, and followed that business for about nine years. He has since been extensively engaged in farming and in February, 1904, purchased his present farm of 175 acres from the heirs of his maternal grandfather. John S. Larinson. Here he has since carried on general farming in connection with truck gardening, and disposes of his produce, which consists of vegetables of all kinds, at Altoona, where he finds a ready market. In August, 1891, Mr. Chamberlin married Addie J. London, who is a daughter of John and Sarah (Stewart) London, the former also a stationary agent, and a resident of Blair County. Mrs. Chamberlin is the eldest of the children born to her parents, namely: Addie; Laura, the wife of Samuel Eckard; William; Edith, the wife of Linus Cochran; George, Albert, Bertha, and Edward. The following children have been born to our subject and wife: Bessie, Andrew. Linnie, Ralph, Harry, Ethel, Anna, Theodore, and Chester. Mr. Chamberlin is politically a Republican, and is affiliated with the K. O. T. M., Quaker City Tent of Salem, Ohio. He is a member of the Mennonite church. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 868. JAMES W. CHARLES, proprietor of the Hotel Carlton, one of the most modern and best equipped hostelries of Altoona, Pa., was born at Hollidaysburg, Pa., July 16, 1873, and is a son of Thomas J. and Margaret (Esty) Charles. Thomas J. Charles is a well known retired resident of Altoona, who for forty-nine years and nine months was passenger car builder for the Pennsylvania Railroad. He is active in Democratic politics. He married Margaret Esty and they have the following children: William H., Mamie, James W., Marshall, Pearl and Susan. With his family he belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. James W. Charles obtained his education in the public schools. On June 21, 1909, he took charge of the Hotel Carlton, having had twelve years of previous experience in hotel keeping. The Hotel Carlton offers both comforts and luxuries to its guests and is able to accommodate a large number, having twenty-seven rooms and twenty-two fitted up for sleeping apartments. Mr. Charles is a genial, careful host and a large amount of patronage is given this excellent hotel by both transient and permanent custom. In 1906, Mr. Charles was married to Miss Ella Matthews, a daughter of James Matthews of Altoona. Mrs. Charles is a member of the Catholic church. Politically he is a Republican. He belongs to the fraternal order of Eagles and to the Altoona Gun Club, and is an all around popular citizen. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 698. BLAIR CHERRY, a representative citizen of Antis Township, Blair County, Pa., and an experienced and successful general farmer, has resided on his present farm for over a quarter of a century. He was born in Antis Township, about two miles north of Bellwood, September 5, 1856, and is a son of Jacob and Anna Elizabeth (Black) Cherry. Jacob Cherry was born on what was known as the Emmett S. Cherry farm, on which his father, Nicholas Cherry located, this being the old Cherry homestead near Fostoria, O. Jacob Cherry was a blacksmith by trade but spent the larger part of his life as a farmer and died at the age of seventy-four years. He married Anna Elizabeth Black, whose family lived for many years on what is now the D. W. Irwin place. Her father was John Black, who engaged in teaming to Pittsburg in early days. Ten children were born to Jacob Cherry and wife as follows: Mary Jane (Meredith), who died in Antis Township; Matilda (Yingling), who died at Altoona; John E., who lives near Tipton; Alfred, who was killed during the Civil War; Joseph, who is a resident of Maryland; David, who resides near Fostoria; George, whose home is near Tipton; Elias, who has recently moved from North Dakota to Virginia; Blair, the subject of this sketch; and Annie, who is the wife of Samuel Burkett, of Huntingdon County, Pa. Blair Cherry was reared in Antis Township and obtained his education in the district schools. Since reaching manhood he has been engaged in agricultural pursuits in Antis Township with the exception of one year spent in Iowa and another in Kentucky. His present farm, on which he has resided for twenty-six years, originally contained 130 acres and its first owner was Joseph Hopkins. The land passed from him to Alexander McFarland and was long known as the old McFarland place. Mr. Cherry was married October 17, 1883, to Miss Margaret Alice McFarland, who is a daughter of Alexander and Jane (Hetrick) McFarland. Mrs. Cherry was born on this farm, January 18, 1854, and has never lived in any other place and hence all the surroundings are familiar and dear to her. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Cherry, namely: George Monroe, born December 30, 1884, who is in the U.S. mail service; Albert Mathers, who died when aged four weeks; Mary Jane, who died at the age of three years and four months; and Roy Wellington, born July 22, 1893, who is a well advanced student in the Antis Township High School. Mr. Cherry and family are members of the Presbyterian church at Bellwood. Mr. Cherry takes a good citizen's interest in public matters and township affairs but does not consider himself a politician, his main interests being in his own business. He votes with the Democratic party. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 819. EMIL T. CHERRY, M. D., who stands foremost among the many able physicians and skillful surgeons in active practice at Altoona, was born in Logan Township, Blair County, Pa., January 13, 1863, and is a son of John W. and Henrietta (Brotherton) Cherry. John W. Cherry, father of Dr. Cherry, was born in Logan Township, about 1840, where his parents, Anthony and Susanna (Kantner) Cherry, had been early settlers and became people of ample means. A number of their sons turned to agricultural pursuits but John W. learned the trade of cabinetmaking and conducted a shop and was one of the oldest undertakers at Altoona for many years. He married Henrietta Brotherton, a daughter of John and Mary Brotherton, and they had the following children born to them: Blair, Annie, Laura M., Jennie, Emil T., Ella, Oscar and Roy. Annie married J. S. Leisenring, vice president of the Second National Bank of Altoona and a prominent attorney. Laura M., now deceased, was the wife of Dr. Charles B. Elliott. Emil T. Cherry attended school in Logan Township and later the Altoona High School, after which he studied dentistry with the late Dr. John W. Isenberg. After two years of study of dental surgery, the young man decided to turn his attention to materia medica, and then placed himself as a student under the direction of his brother-in-law, Dr. C. B. Elliott. When fully prepared, he entered the Indiana Medical College at Indianapolis, and there was graduated in 1884. He practiced for two years in that city and also served in the college dispensary for a time, after which he returned to his native state and for two years was established at Madera, in Clearfield County, following which he came to Altoona. This beautiful mountain city has been his field of effort ever since. He has been identified with many movements looking to the improvement of general health conditions and has often contributed large portions of his valuable time to these public-spirited efforts. His professional connection is with the medical organizations of county, state and country, while he is fraternally affiliated with several beneficiary bodies. Dr. Cherry was married April 30, 1889, to Miss Lucetta T. Isett, a daughter of John D. and Margaret S. Isett, of Huntingdon County, Pa., and they have one daughter, Lucetta M., who is the wife of Charles M. Rhoades. Dr. Cherry's residence and office are situated at No. 1623 Eighth Avenue, Altoona. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 624-627. ARCHIBALD C. CLAPPER, a prominent citizen of Huston Township, Bdair County, Pa., now filling the office of township tax collector, was born in Huston Township, December 21, 1856, and is a son of John H. and Mary (Brumbaugh) Clapper. John H. Clapper was born on the farm in Huston Township now owned by his son, Archibald C., and spent his entire life here, dying in 1903. He was a son of Henry Clapper, who was a son of Ludwig Clapper, one of the earliest settlers in what is now Huston Township. The village of Clappertown perpetuates his memory. At various times the late John H. Clapper consented to accept township offices and in the discharge of the duties pertaining to them he was honest and efficient. He was a member of the Lutheran church. He married Mary Brumbaugh, who was also born in Huston Township and now resides at Martinsburg, with her daughter, Mrs. Margaret Hagey. Although quite advanced in years she retains her faculties and enjoys visits from her friends. Three of her children still survive, namely: Margaret, who is the widow of George W. Hagey; Archibald; and John S., who resides at Swissdale, Pa. Archibald C. Clapper was reared in Huston Township and attended the public schools and later passed three sessions of study at the Juniata Collegiate Institute at Martinsburg. Pa., which was succeeded by four years at Kishaquillas Seminary, in Mifflin County. He was thus well prepared when he began to teach school and for nine terms followed educational work. Since then he has given his attention largely to farming and stockraising, devoting his 125 acres of land to these industries. Mr. Clapper was married first to Miss Ada Rider, a native of Center County and a daughter of Michael C. Rider, a former well known citizen of Huston Township. Three children were born to that marriage, namely: George L., of Chicago, Ill.; John C., of Birmingham, Ala.; and Fleda F., of Huston Township. Mr. Clapper's second marriage was to Mrs. Mahala Wilson, a daughter of the late John Donaldson, of Huntingdon County, Pa. Mr. Clapper is a member of the Lutheran church in which he is a deacon. In politics he is a Republican. He has frequently been tendered public office by his party and fellow citizens and served three years as county auditor, three years as a member of the township school board and is now serving as county collector of taxes for Huston Township. He is identified with the order of Odd Fellows at Martinsburg. Mr. Clapper is a broad minded and intelligent man and has proved trustworthy in every charge committed to his care. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 872. ELINAS M. CLAPPER, president of the Allegheny Township School Board is one of the leading men of this section and is engaged in the blacksmith business in addition to farming his forty-five acres of land and conducting a dairy. He was born in Allegheny Township, Blair County, Pa., September 30, 1853, and is a son of Emanuel and Sarah (Rhodes) Clapper. Emanuel Clapper was born near Yellow Springs, Blair County, Pa., a son of Daniel Clapper, who was an early settler there, and moved to Allegheny Township when his son was seven years of age. The latter grew to manhood in Allegheny Township and became a man of public note in his neighborhood, serving for a long period in the offices of school director and tax collector. He was one of the early members and liberal supporters of the Lutheran church. He married Sarah Rhodes, who was born in Indiana County, Pa.; and of their family of children there are six yet living, namely: Sylvester R., who lives in Logan Township; Elinas M.; Anna M. who is the wife of S. W. Piper, of Duncansville: Melinda, who is the wife of B. F. Leighty, of Altoona; Laura, who is the wife of B. M. Mitchell, of Altoona; and Margaret K. and Nettie, both of whom live at Altoona. Elinas M. Clapper has spent his life in Allegheny Township and in large measure has made his own way in the world. 'As soon as his school period was over he learned the blacksmith trade and has continued work in that line while also interested in farming and dairying near Duncansville. Mr. Clapper married Miss Caroline E. Wyerman. a daughter of the late John Wyerman, of Allegheny Township, and they have had four children, namely: Elva G., Charles W., Della M. and Mary E. The eldest daughter is deceased. In politics, Mr. Clapper is a Democrat. He served twelve years as assessor in Allegheny Township, for thirty years has been a trustee of the Carson Valley Cemetery Association, and is serving in his fourth term as president of the school board. He is a member of the Lutheran church at Duncansville and one of the elders. For a number of years he has been a member, and in fact is a charter member of the Duncansville Grange, Patrons of Husbandry. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 674. PETER S. CLAPPER, a well known general farmer of Taylor Township, Blair County, Pa., who owns an excellent farm of ninety-six acres situated near Roaring Spring, is a prominent citizen and is serving in the office of township collector. He was born in N. Woodbury Township, Blair County, Pa., April 6, 1855, and is a son of Joseph N. and Barbara (Strayer) Clapper. Joseph N. Clapper was born in Bedford County, Pa., and he lived there until after his marriage when he moved to N. Woodbury Township, Blair County, where he resided until his death in 1879. He married Barbara Strayer, who was born in Blair County, and three of their children survive: John S., of Taylor Township; Henry S., of N. Woodbury Township; and Peter S. Peter S. Clapper had but meager educational opportunities when he was young but he went to school long enough to gain a solid foundation, and practical experience and the associations of life have made him a well informed man. Farming has been his life work and he has made it profitable. In 1893 he removed from N. Woodbury Township to Taylor Township and then settled on his present farm near Roaring Spring. As a citizen he has always enjoyed the confidence of his neighbors to a large degree. For three years he has been a member of the school board of Taylor Township, having previously served for the same length of time in N. Woodbury Township. He has also served for four years as road supervisor in Taylor Township and in 1909 was elected township collector. The duties of these offices have been taken seriously and have been faithfully performed. Mr. Clapper married Miss Barbara Miller, who was born in Bedford County, Pa., and they have had eight children, the survivors being: Henry M., Lizzie, Iva, Ella and Bertha. He is identified with the P. O. S. A., at Roaring Spring, and the Knights of the Golden Eagle, at Martinsburg, Pa. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 720-723. ARTHUR B. CLARK, city treasurer, and one of the leading business men of Altoona, Pa., has been identified with the business interests of the city since February 29, 1892, and was born June 16, 1872, at New Bloomfield, Perry County, Pa. Mr. Clark was reared in New Bloomfield, attended the public schools of that borough and the New Bloomfield Academy, and at the age of 20 years became identified with the Morning Tribune of Altoona, with which he was associated for six or seven years. Then owing to ill health he spent three years traveling over various sections of the United States, after which he returned to Altoona, and became advertising manager of the Evening Gazette of this city. In February, 1905, Mr. Clark was elected treasurer. His services in this position were so acceptable to the people of the city that at the expiration of his term, he was re-elected to that office, in February, 1908, and is still serving in that capacity. He is still associated with the Evening Gazette, being treasurer of the company, and also a director. He is also treasurer of the Wray-Moore Company, wholesale grocers of Altoona, and is vice president of the Pennsylvania Pressed Brick Company, of Grazierville, and is connected with other business enterprises in the city. Mr. Clark is fraternally a 32d degree Mason, a member of the Harrisburg Consistory, of Jaffa Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, Altoona Lodge No. roe, Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, is Past President of Altoona Aerie, No. 286, Fraternal Order of Eagles, the Royal Order of Moose and Lodge No. 149, Order of Owls. In 1902, Mr. Clark was united in marriage with Helen M. Greevy, who is a daughter of Thomas H. Greevy. Mr. Clark is a charter member of the Grace Lutheran Church. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 759. B. J. CLARK, chief of the police department of Altoona, Pa., and one of the leading politicians of the Democratic party in this section, was born May 14, 1865, at Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., and is a son of Bernard Clark; who was a native of West Ireland. The father came to America and located in Hollidaysburg in 1854, where he helped to build furnaces. In 1891 he came to Altoona, where his death occurred July 4 1904. B. J. Clark was reared in Hollidaysburg and obtained his educational training in the Catholic Sisters' schools and the common schools of that city and at Gaysport. Early in life he began working in the blast furnaces; and also was employed in the rolling mills and the Gaysport Foundry and Machine Shops, and in 1887 came to Altoona, where he spent some time working in the machine shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. In 1893 he was appointed special officer of the police force, but the following year returned to the railroad shops where he worked continuously until 1908, at which time he was appointed chief of the police department. He is politically a Democrat, and was chairman of the Blair County Democratic Committee at the time State Treasurer Berry was elected and carried Blair County by 600 majority. He has also served on the board of Health, and the board of Water Commissioners, resigning the latter position to accept his present office. Chief Clark is fraternally a member of the Heptasophs, the Eagles and the Moose, and his religious connection is with the Sacred Heart Catholic Church. In 1887 Chief Clark was joined in the bonds of wedlock with Susie Hufford of Bedford County, Pa., and they have sons, namely: Robert E., Charles S., John W., Bernard H. and Thomas Allen. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 635. CHARLES B. CLARK, a representative citizen of Altoona and a prominent member of the Blair County bar, was born in Trumbull County, O., January r, 1854, and is a son of Warren and Clarissa (Eno) Clark. Warren Clark was born in Trumbull County, on the old Clark estate, in 1826. The family is of Scotch-Irish ancestry and of Pilgrim stock. The great-grandfather, Giles Clark, was a pioneer from Connecticut to Ohio in 1801, and secured large tracts of land in Trumbull County, on which his son, Henry Clark passed his life and his grandson and great-grandson were born. Warren Clark remained in Trumbull County until 1870, when he moved to Michigan, where he lived for four years and then returned east and took up his residence at Blairsville, in Indiana County, Pa. In 1887 failing health caused him to remove to Florida, where he resided until 1896, when he returned to Pennsylvania and became a resident of Altoona, where he died January 1, 1909. On July 3, 1851, he married Clarissa Eno, in Trumbull County, Ohio. She died in 1889 at Starke, Fla. Charles B. Clark obtained his education in the public schools of Ohio and afterward, for some years, engaged in teaching, in Ohio; Indiana and Pennsylvania, and while so occupied, made use of his leisure time in studying law and with such success that he was admitted to the bar of Indiana County, Pa., on September 13, 1880, For one year he practiced law at Blairsville and then accepted a clerical position with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at Altoona and continued to perform its duties for the next four years. In the meanwhile he had made many friends in this city and decided to make it his home, and in October, 1885, was admitted to the bar of Blair County, and also to the Supreme Court of the state. In addition to attending to a large practice, giving special attention to Building and Loan Association law, Mr. Clark has been interested in publishing directories of different sections, in 1886 and until 1895, issuing directories of Altoona and Johnstown, and in 1888, of Beaver Falls and the Lower Beaver Valley. In politics he is a Republican and has always taken an interest in public affairs and not without reason has had some political aspirations. He has possibly inherited some of the independent spirit of his old Puritan forefathers and occasions have arisen when he has refused to submit to the dictation of party managers, against his conscientious scruples, and thus has failed in securing party support for nomination to office. He was a delegate, however, to the Pennsylvania Republican State Convention in 1908. In the swing of the circle the time may come when the ideals of Republicanism that he cherishes may be the main party issues. Mr. Clark was married on December 13, 1877, to Miss Hallie I. Johnson, a daughter of Michael Johnson, of Westmoreland County, Pa. Two daughters were born to them, Nellie and Stella Mabel, the latter of whom died when aged four years. The former is the wife of Capt. W. G. Reed, of Blairsville, an officer in the Pa. N. G. Mr. Clark owns the valuable corner property on Fifteenth Street and Eleventh Avenue, on which his residence stands, in addition to a number of houses and lots in other parts of the city and suburbs. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 853-854. E. THOMPSON CLARK, tax collector of the borough of Williamsburg, and foreman of the paper mill, was born March 17, 1860 in Catherine township, Blair County, Pa., and is a son of John and Mary (Sisler) Clark. John Clark was a son of John and Eliza Clark, and during his early life followed farming, but spent the last 25 years of his life as cashier of the Williamsburg Bank, which was a branch of the First National Bank of Hollidaysburg. He was politically a Republican in early life, and later a Prohibitionist, and was a member of the Presbyterian Church. Six children were born to John and Mary Clark: E. Thompson; Anna, who is the wife of C. T. Witherow; Ida, who married C. C. Clemson; J. Grier; Charles, and Dean. E. Thompson Clark was reared in Catherine township, where he attended the common schools, and later learned the miller's trade, whlch he followed for 25 years. In 1903 he became identified with the paper mill of Williamsburg, where he is engaged as outside foreman, and is also serving as tax collector of the borough. He is politically identified with the Republican party and has served in nearly all of the- town offices. In 1889 Mr. Clark was joined in marriage with Lucretia Moore, a daughter of Elias and Amanda Moore, who also had another daughter, Ola, the wife of Elmer Brua. Mrs. Clark died in 1897 leaving four children, Edgar, Ellen, Donald, and Isabel. Mr. Clark formed a second union with Edith Moore, a half sister of his former wife, and a daughter of Elias and Margaret (Stewart) Moore, who were parents of the following children: Ruth, Clyde, Joseph, and Edith, who is the wife of our subject. Mr. and Mrs. Clark are members of the Presbyterian Church. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 844-845. JOHN CLARK, deceased, was one of Blair County's substantial citizens and a leading financier for many years, but he was also much more. Primarily a business man with large interests making heavy demands on his attention, he found time to give of his best efforts to the advancement of civic welfare, and to lend himself heart and soul to the great fight for prohibition. He did not live to see the time when "a schoolhouse shall be on every hill top, with no saloon in the valley," but long enough to be cheered by the evident approach to this happy state. He was born in Canoe Valley, Catharine Township, Blair County, Pa., December 13, 1833, and was a son of John and Eliza (Thompson) Clark, and a grandson of James Clark, who was wounded at the Battle of the Brandywine, during the Revolutionary War. The father of Mr. Clark was born in Franklin Township, Huntingdon County, Pa., December 15, 1789. For some years he owned and operated a tannery at Birmingham, Pa., but later retired to his farm in Morris Township, where he died in his seventy-fifth year. He married Catherine Whitzel, who died early. His second union was with Eliza Thompson, who died in 1866, at the age of sixty-six years. She was born and reared in Spruce Creek Township, where her father had been an early settler. The late John Clark of Williamsburg, completed his school attendance in the Williamsburg Academy, and then took up the duties of farming and stock raising on the home farm. He continued thus occupied until 1873, when he accepted the position of cashier of the Williamsburg bank, which was organized at that time. He proved an acceptable and efficient officer and gained wide popularity in that business connection. He had large business interests of his own, which he successfully managed, and in the financial relations he had with others in this public capacity he used the same judicious and conservative methods. From time to time he invested in desirable property and owned realty of considerable value at Williamsburg, together with ore and coal properties in the county, large limestone quarries, and a valuable farm of 250 acres. Mr. Clark was married May 27, 1858, to Miss Mary J. Sisler, who died May 6, 1873. Of this union four sons and two daughters were born, as follows: Edgar Thompson, who married Lucretia Moore of Scotch Valley; Anna J., who is the widow of C. T. Witherow and resides in Altoona; John Grier; Charles H.; Dean, and Ida. The last mentioned is the widow of Clarence C. Clemson and resides in Pittsburg, where her husband was a prominent business man. Mr. Clark was an active member and an elder of the Presbyterian church at Williamsburg. Prior to 1880 he was a Republican and at different times was called upon to serve in offices of public trust and responsibility. For a quarter of a century he devoted his best efforts to the cause of prohibition, setting an example that was a stimulant to many others. True to every trust, he inspired confidence in all who made his acquaintance, and his name was almost a synonym for honor and rectitude. His death on January 21, 1904, deprived the community of one of its most valued citizens. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 528-531. CLARENCE C. CLEMSON, deceased, who for many years was identified with the Altoona Title and Trust Company, was one of the city's representative men. He was born in Center County, Pa., February 9, 1865, and died at Altoona, January 9, 1908. He was one of a family of five children born to his parents, who were Amos and Lydia (Rider) Clemson, both of whom are deceased. He is survived by a brother, D. M. Clemson, a millionaire of Pittsburg. Clarence C. Clemson attended school in Center County, and was commercially trained at a business college in Williamsport, Pa. He then became connected in business with J. C. Geheen & Brothers, at Tyrone, Blair County, and remained with that firm for eight years, after which he accepted the position of manager for the McLanahan Supply Company, at Carlin, where he remained for four years. This position he resigned in order to accept a more lucrative one with the Altoona Title and Trust Company, with which financial institution he remained during the balance of his life. On December 15, 1892, Mr. Clemson was married to Miss Ida C. Clark, a daughter of the late John Clark, who was a prominent banker of Williamsburg, Pa. Five children were born to this marriage, the three survivors being: Anna J., John C. and DelRoy. Mr. Clemson was a member and a trustee of the Broad Avenue Presbyterian Church. He was very prominent, in Masonry, having reached the 32d degree, and was identified with Tyrone Lodge, F.& A.M.; Mountain Commandery, No. 189, Knights Templars; Jaffa Temple, Ancient Order of the Mystic Shrine, Hollidaysburg Consistory. Mrs. Clemson resides in Altoona. She is a prominent figure in the best Altoona society; and it would be hard to find a worthy local cause that has not benefited by her aid and influence. She comes of Revolutionary ancestry, her paternal great-grandfather, James Clark, having fought for American independence in the Revolutionary War. He was wounded at the battle of the Brandywine, September 11, 1777. John Clark, grandfather of Mrs. Clemson, was born in Huntingdon County, Pa., in 1789. At one time he operated a tannery at Birmingham, Pa., but later retired and died on his farm in Morris Township, at the age of seventy-four years. He was twice married; first to Catherine Whitzel, who died early. His second union was with Eliza Thompson, a native of Spruce Creek Township, where her father had been an early settler. Her death occurred in 1866, when she had attained the age of sixty-six years. John Clark, second of the name and Mrs. Clemson's father, was born in Canoe Valley, Catherine Township, Blair County, Pa., December 13, 1833. He was educated at Williamsburg Academy, and until 1873 was engaged in stockraising and agriculture on the home farm. He then became cashier of the Williamsburg bank, which was organized at that time, and his subsequent career was one of importance to the community. He made a very popular official and for many years was a prominent factor in the development of the financial interests of the county. He was a large land owner, having much valuable property at Williamsburg, besides ore and coal properties and limestone quarries elsewhere in the county, and a fine farm of 250 acres. Mr. Clark was married, May 27, 1858, to Miss Mary J. Sisler, who died May 6, 1873. Of this union there were six children born: Edgar Thompson, who married Lucretia Moore, of Scotch Valley; and Anna J., Charles H., Dean, John Grier and Ada. Mr. Clark was a Republican primarily and at various times was called upon to serve in offices of public trust, in which he invariably acquitted himself with credit, justifying the confidence of his fellow citizens in his integrity and ability. Subsequent to 1880 he espoused the cause of Prohibition, to which he devoted his best efforts, and although he was not privileged to witness the general success of his party for which he hoped, he was able to note much progress to that end, to which he himself contributed not a little. Few citizens of Blair County were more conscientious in the performance of public and private duties and few, if any, were more highly esteemed. The death of Mr. Clark took place on January 21, 1904, in Altoona, and struck a chord of sorrow in the hearts of all those in the community who knew him for what he was. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 690-693. W. H. CLOUSE was elected a justice of the peace in Taylor Township, Blair County, Pa., in February, 1910, was born across the line in Bedford County, in what is now known as Bloomfield Township, August 7, 1849. He was a son of George Clouse, who was a native of Saxony, Germany. The latter was a gunsmith and locksmith by trade and resided in Bloomfield Township when his death occurred in 1879, at the age of seventy-five years. W. H. Clouse was reared in Bloomfield Township and was educated in the schools of Bedford County and at Alliance, O., graduating from Mount Union College, at the latter place, in 1874. For eight consecutive years thereafter he taught school at Woodbury, being principal of the schools a large part of the time and during 1874-5 he was principal of the schools of Roaring Spring, and still later taught again in Bedford County. After residing for thirty-six years at Woodbury, in the spring of 1909, Mr. Clouse came to Taylor Township. He was part owner and for a short time was a member of the editorial staff of the Bedford Enquirer, this being in 1887-8, at which time he was also a member of the school board and served also as a justice of the peace at Woodbury. After severing his connection with the Enquirer Mr. Clouse engaged in the woolen manufacturing business, purchasing what were known as the Keagy Woolen Mills, in Woodbury Township, and conducted them for fourteen years, as sole proprietor, under the style of Morrison's Cove Woolen Mills. His numerous activities and his honorable business relations made him a well known citizen and at one time he acceded to the wish of his friends and became a candidate for the state legislature. He was postmaster at Woodbury during President Harrison's administration. Otherwise he has never been very active in politics but has been a stanch Republican ever since he cast his vote in 1872, for General Grant for President of the United States. He is a charter member of Woodbury Lodge, No. 539, F. & A. M., at Roaring Spring, and he belongs to the Odd Fellows at Woodbury, and to the Knights of Pythias and the P. O. S. of A. at Bedford. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 622. PETER COCHRAN, a farmer and leading citizen of Allegheny Township, Blair County, Pa., residing on his valuable farm of 160 acres, which he devotes to general agriculture, was born in this township, August 29, 1847, and is a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Hetrick) Cochran. The parents of Mr. Cochran were both born in Blair County, their parents having been among the early Scotch-Irish settlers in this section. Joseph Cochran was a farmer. Five of his family of children survive, and all live in Blair County. Jeremiah is a farmer in Allegheny Township. Mary A. is the widow of Moses Crum and lives at Altoona. Martha M. is the widow of James McCoy and resides in Allegheny Township. Peter and Joseph are also residents of Allegheny Township. Peter Cochran was reared in his native township, attended the district schools and then began the cultivation of the home farm. In June, 1863, he enlisted for service in the Civil War, entering Co. H, 110th Pa. Vol. Inf., which became a part of the Army of the Potomac. Mr. Cochran proved a brave and efficient soldier, never hesitating in the face of certain danger and took part in some of the hardest contested battles of the great war. He was in the long struggle of the Wilderness, and was in all the engagements from there to Hatcher's Run, in which battle he was wounded in the right leg, on October 27, 1864. This was a serious injury, and on account of it he was confined in a hospital at Washington, D.C., until May, 1865, when he returned to his regiment and served until he was honorably discharged in the following month. He returned to Blair County and has remained here ever since, proving himself a valuable citizen of his country in times of peace as well as in war. He is identified with the G.A.R. Post at Duncansville, and is senior vice commander of the same. On September 18, 1873, Mr. Cochran was married to Miss Margaret Ott, who was born in Greenfield Township, Blair County, a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Ott, the former of whom is deceased. Mrs. Ott has passed her seventy-fifth birthday and still resides in Blair County. Nine children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Cochran, six of whom are living, as follows: Clara E., who is the wife of John Reep, of Allegheny Township; Sadie, who is the wife of John Krouse, of Altoona; Elinas W., who is a resident of Frankstown Township; Joseph T., who lives at South Altoona; Peter A., who lives in Frankstown Township; and Stella, who is the wife of Blaine Brubaker, of Allegheny Township. Those deceased were: David, William and Mary. In politics Mr. Cochran is a Democrat. For twelve years he has been a member of the township school board and for four years its treasurer. He is identified with the Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, at Duncansville. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 615-616. SAMUEL COLCLESSER is a member of the well known firm of Colclesser Brothers of Eldorado, Pa., who are manufacturers of axes, picks, and other edge tools, and comes of one of the prominent early families of Blair County. He was born April 15, 1850, in Logan Township, at what is now Eldorado, and is a son of Daniel and Susanna (Kissell) Colclesser. Among those found to have located in Logan Township late in the eighteenth or early in the nineteenth century was Henry Colclesser, grandfather of our subject. Henry Colclesser was born in Washington County, Md., and about the beginning of the nineteenth century settled in the vicinity of McKee's Gap. A few years later he removed to Sugar. Run, where he worked at his trade as a blacksmith, and also manufactured various kinds of edged tools. In 1824 he moved to Ohio and ten or twelve years later moved to Indiana, where he died. He was twice married and was father of ten children, of whom David, father of our subject, was the fourth youngest by his first wife. Daniel Colclesser was born in 1808 and remained with his father in Ohio until 1828, then came to that part of Huntingdon County which is now known as Blair County, and remained for a brief period at Duncansville. In 1832 he established the axe and pick factory on Burgoons Run, and carried on the business until 1878, when he was succeeded by his sons, John and Samuel. Daniel served as justice of the peace and also in other official capacities. He was married while a resident of Duncansville, to Susanna Kissell, who was a native of Dauphin County, and of the six sons and one daughter born of their union, the following survive: Mary; John, a resident of Eldorado; Samuel; Adie, a resident of Eldorado; and William, a resident of Cincinnati. Samuel Colclesser was reared and educated in Eldorado, and since early manhood has been engaged in the manufacture of edge tools, as bad his father and grandfather before him. He formerly carried on the business in partnership with his brother, John Colclesser, who sold his interest in the business to their brother, Adie Colclesser, and the firm is known as Colclesser Brothers. They for many years manufactured picks for the Pennsylvania Railroad, and made marking tools for the United States Government Forestry department. They also manufacture hunters' tools and knives and solid steel chisels for car builders. Mr. Colclesser was joined in marriage with Ellen Oves, a native of Altoona, Pa., and a daughter of John H. and Sarah J. Oves. She was for some years a teacher in the schools at Altoona. Mr. Colclesser is politically an independent Republican, and religiously, is a member of the First Regular Baptist church of Altoona. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 598. JOHN COLE, general farmer in Tyrone Township, Blair County, Pa., residing on a farm of 14o acres, was born at Bowlesburg, Center County, Pa., July 22, 1855, and is a son of William and Elizabeth Cole. The mother died in 1889 and the father in 1898 and their burial was in Centerline Cemetery, in Center County. They were quiet, respectable, good people. The father was a wagon maker by trade. Of their seven children, John was the eldest and five survive. John Cole is the only surviving son of the above family, his sisters being: Barbara, who married William Templeton, who conducts a dairy at Altoona: Alice, who married Daniel Irwin, lives at Baileyville, Pa.; Lora, who lives at Sinking Valley; and Lizzie, who is the wife of Harry McCormack, of Tyrone, Blair County. Since his school days, Mr. Cole has been engaged in farming, renting land for a number of years prior to coming to Blair County in 1906. He leased his present farm for five years from Mrs. D. C. Puterbaugh and has shown good judgment in its management and operation. On February 14, 1894, Mr. Cole was married to Miss Maggie Taylor, a daughter of William and Eliza Taylor, of Centerline, Pa., and they have five children: Edith, William, Mary, Elva and Hannah, who have been reared carefully and sensibly and reflect credit on their parents. Mr. Cole and family attend the Presbyterian church. He has always been identified with the Republican party since he reached his majority. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 807. THOMAS ALLEN COLEMAN, an extensive fruit grower and highly esteemed citizen of Logan Township, Blair County, Pa., resides on a farm of 110 acres and is the owner of a large vineyard. He was born on his present place May 28, 1858, a son of John and Isabel (Nelson) Coleman, and comes of one of the prominent and old families of the county. Thomas Coleman, great-grandfather of our subject, resided just beyond what is now the city limits of Altoona, Pa. He was probably a soldier in the war of the Revolution, and died here in 1837, having located here-some years previous to his death. John Coleman, grandfather of Thomas A. Coleman, was born in Logan Township and was the owner of the farm now owned by the subject of this sketch. He married Betsy Shaw, and they reared the following children: Jane (Mrs. Smith), who lived in Logan Township; James, who was a resident of Logan Township; John F.; Elizabeth (Mrs. Hagerty), who resided in Antis Township; Thomas, who lived on the old home place, which is now the Jaggard farm; and Francis, who died in early manhood. John Coleman was born on what is now the Jaggard farm in Logan Township, and always lived in this vicinity. He began housekeeping in the old log house and in about 1848 built a plank house, which was wonderfully constructed and is still water tight. He resided in that house until about 1880, when he built a large brick house and continued his residence there until the time of his death, in 1903. He married Isabel Nelson, who was a native of Antis Township, and a daughter of James Nelson, and came of one of the old established families of this county. She died a few years before her husband, and of their union were born the following children: Martha J., who lives on the old place; James N., who resides in Colorado; Stephen, who died in 1872, in Kansas; William Z., who lives in Frankstown Township; Margaret E., who is the wife of J. B. Cox of Allegheny; David D., who lives in Juniata; Thomas Allen; Anna L., who is the wife of Harry Manley of Antis Township; and Caroline, who died in infancy. The family were members of the old Lutheran church of Antis Township. Thomas Allen Coleman has always lived on his present farm except for a short time. He has always followed farming and has made a specialty of fruit growing, raising peaches, apples, raspberries and grapes. He has the largest vineyard in this vicinity, having upwards of 5,000 vines, mainly Concords and Wordens, and has about 1,000 peach trees. Mr. Coleman was married December 14, 1882, to Miss Henrietta Kopp, who is a native of Logan Township, and a daughter of Andrew Kopp, who is a resident of Fairview. Mr. and Mrs. Coleman began housekeeping in the old plank house and after his father's death moved into the brick house. They are the parents of the following children: Charles T., who married Verda Bowman, and they have two children - Miles and James; Grace C., who is the wife of Frank Antes of Logan Township; Martha K., deceased, who was the wife of Robert Shaw; Ernest, who died aged eleven months; John, who died in infancy; Edna; James; Isabel; Alfarata; Hetty, and Paul, who died aged eleven months. Mrs. Coleman is a member of the Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Coleman is a Republican in politics, and while not seeking political preferment, has served as auditor and is now supervisor of the township. He is identified with the I. O. R. M. and the Grange. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 518-519. THOMAS L. COLEMAN, one of Tyrone's valued and useful citizens, a public official of Blair County and a veteran of the Civil War, is a worthy representative of one of the old Scotch-Irish families of Central Pennsylvania. He was born at Coleman's Mill, in Logan Township, Blair County, Pa., May 9, 1843, and is a son of James and Margaret (Louden) Coleman. James Coleman was born in Pennsylvania, probably on the Juniata River. His parents were John and Elizabeth (Shaw) Coleman, and his grandfather was Thomas Coleman, who came to Pennsylvania from Scotland and later took a prominent part in the troubles with the Indians. To John Coleman and his wife the. following children were born: James; John, who died when aged about eighty years; Jane, who married Mathias Smith; Nancy, who married Mathias Kestler; Elizabeth, who was the wife of John Hagerty, died near Bellwood, when eighty years of age; Sarah, who died many years ago, was the wife of David McCartney; Rachel and Martha, both of whom died unmarried. James Coleman was a carpenter by trade and his death was accidental, caused by a fall from a barn he was building, in 1869, when he was aged fifty-five years. He married Margaret Louden, who was born at Allegheny Furnace, near Altoona, a daughter of William and Sarah (Matthews) Louden. William Louden owned a farm near this furnace and near the location of the culvert on Broad Street, Altoona, and the Pennsylvania Railroad constructed lines through his orchard. The Matthews family owned a farm up Dry Gap. The children of James and Margaret Coleman were: Sarah Jane, now deceased, was the wife of David Smith; Thomas L.; Ann Elizabeth, died at the age of nineteen years; Rachel, the wife of Samuel Black, who is a farmer and tanner and president of the Loveland Township School Board; Elmina, now deceased, was the wife of John Noble, also deceased, who were survived by six children, one of the sons later serving as a soldier in the Philippine Islands, where he was killed; Mary, died at Altoona, unmarried; Blair, a resident of Juniata, employed in the railroad shops; and Luther and Martin, the former of whom died at the age of forty years and the latter when twenty-five years old. Thomas L. Coleman attended the Logan Township schools in his boyhood and after he returned from the army completed his education in the academy at Bellwood. As a drummer boy in Co. B, 3d Pa. Vol. Inf., Mr. Coleman served three months and then enlisted as a private in Co. F, 2d Pa. Reserves, in which his service covered three years and seven months, the entire period being four years and one day. He was subjected to many hardships and faced innumerable dangers. While teaming up the Weldon Railroad, he was captured at one time and was incarcerated in Libby Prison, the old tobacco warehouse at Richmond, Va., and then spent two months on Belle Island and five months in the terrible prison pen at Salisbury, N. C., from which he was paroled in the spring of 1865. He was one of the 4,953 suffering prisoners that left that prison alive, out of the 10,000 who had been herded there. In 1910, Mr. Coleman revisited the prison site and among the refuse still left there after forty-five years of peace, discovered one of the old kettles in which the prisoners in 1865 cooked their scanty allowance of beans. Mr. Coleman not only suffered imprisonment but also had to endure the pain of a neglected wound in the leg, which he had received the day he was captured. He participated in the second battle of Bull Run, the seven days of fighting in front of Richmond, Gaines Mill, Mine Run, three different battles near Fredericksburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, Gettysburg, Cold Harbor and practically all of the important engagements of the Army of the Potomac up to the time of his capture, August 19, 1864. He had won promotion and at the time of capture was sergeant of his company. His honorable discharge was given him in May, 1865. After he returned from the army he attended the Bellwood Academy, as mentioned above, and was variously employed until 1870, when he settled on his farm on which he continued to reside until 1903, engaged there in general farming and stock raising. He still retains this property which consists of 142 acres of valuable land in Sinking Valley, which was known as the old Alexander Disart homestead. For the past seven years Mr. Coleman has resided in the borough of Tyrone, which has placed him in the township of the same name. Wherever he has lived he has always recognized his responsibilities as a citizen and has clone his full share in bringing about better conditions of all kinds and has lent his influence to make his community prosperous and law abiding. For a period of thirty years he served on the township school board and for three sessions was president of the School Directors' Association of Blair County, a very useful and effective educational organization. In the fall of 1909, Mr. Coleman was elected a director of the poor for Blair County, and assumed the duties of office on January 1, 1910, in the performance of them proving his excellent judgment and practical business ideas. At Harrisburg, Pa., in September, 1869, Mr. Coleman was married to Miss Elizabeth Ake, who died in 1903, passing away mourned by a devoted family and a wide circle of friends. She was a daughter of Monroe Ake. Seven children were born to this marriage, namely: Roxie B., who is the wife of Charles Hossler, of Sinking Valley, and they have two children - Charles Thomas and Ella Grace; James, unmarried, who is a resident of Altoona and is a conductor in the employ of the Altoona Street Railway Company; Carrie M., who is the wife of Lloyd Fleck, who is in charge of the turn table at the Tyrone Round House of the railroad, and they have two children - Florine and Frank; Anna Viola, who is the wife of Harry Kephart, who is the farmer on Mr. Coleman's homestead in Sinking Valley, and they have two children - Henry and Myra; Elmina, who is the wife of Daniel Dickson, a resident of Sinking Valley, where he follows the trade of stone mason, and they have three children - Earle, Elizabeth and Anna; Roy Martin, who resides on a farm, married Elizabeth Atlee; and William Decker, who died in 1895, aged one year. Mr. Coleman is a member of the Lutheran church. In politics Mr. Coleman is identified with the Republican party and has been a conscientious supporter of its cardinal principles. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since early manhood and in this connection is known in all parts of the state, his membership being with Tyrone Lodge, No. 484, F. & A. M.; Chapter and Consistory of Harrisburg, and the Mystic Shrine, at Reading. He belongs also to the Patrons of Husbandry and is connected with the local, the state and the national Grange. Mr. Coleman is an active member of Col. D. M. Jones Post, G. A. R., No. 172, of Tyrone; and of the Veteran Legion, No. 37, of Altoona, Pa. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 803-804. WILLIAM B. COLTABAUGH, one of Allegheny Township's well known citizens and successful general farmers, owns a fine tract of eighty acres. He was born on this farm in Allegheny Township, Blair County, Pa., April 24, 1864, and is a son of Charles and Maria (Selwitz) Coltabaugh. Charles Coltabaugh was born in Germany and was a son of Jacob Coltabaugh, and accompanied the latter to America and to Blair County. Charles Coltabaugh was only a boy at that time but he grew to manhood and died on the farm now owned by his son, William B. Coltabaugh, in the rich Carson Valley. Charles Coltabaugh was one of the founders of the Lutheran church in his neighborhood. He married Maria Selwitz, who was also a native of Germany. William B. Coltabaugh grew to manhood in the Carson Valley and, with the exception of eight years, during which period he worked in the machine shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at Altoona, he has given his attention to farming. In the management of his land he makes use of improved machinery and follows many modern methods and is numbered with the agriculturists of this section who are men of ample fortune, the same having been acquired through personal effort. In November, 1888, Mr. Coltabaugh was married to Miss Emma Yingling, a daughter of the venerable Jonathan Yingling, who is now in his eighty-ninth year and is the oldest resident of this part of Blair County. Mr. and Mrs. Coltabaugh have six children: Harry M., Dora, Stella, Myrtle, Ruth and Charles. Mr. Coltabaugh is a member of the Lutheran Church at Duncansville. He is a Republican in politics and does his full duty as a citizen but is not a seeker for public office. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 787-788. MAJOR JOSEPH A. COLVIN, foreman of the plant of McLanahan-Stone Machine Company, at Hollidaysburg, Pa., and a thoroughly experienced man in everything pertaining to machinery, is prominently identified with the Grand Army of the Republic and holds three commissions from aide-de-camp to commander-in-chief in that organization. He was born September 6, 1843, at West Salem, Beaver County, Pa., and is a son of Robert and Julia Colvin, both of whom are deceased. Joseph A. Colvin was rendered fatherless by death when he was an infant and thus his advantages in early life were more or less limited in many ways. He was sixteen years old when he went to Allegheny City and entered machine shops there but before he completed his apprenticeship he enlisted for service in the Civil War. On August 22, 1862, he became a member of Co. E. 136th Pa. Vol. Inf., and took part in many battles before he was seriously wounded in the knee, at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. This brought about his honorable discharge on May 29, 1863. He then returned to Allegheny City and completed his interrupted apprenticeship, after which he was employed by the Fort Pitt Foundry Company at Pittsburg and while there assisted in completing many large contracts, including heavy ordnance for the use of the Government, and also for the material for the construction of the St. Louis and Chicago Water Works. He left there in 1872 and came to the Bloomfield mines where he erected the machinery for the washing of ore; later built the machinery for the Rodman furnaces neap Roaring Spring, and in February, 1878, became foreman for the McLanahan-Stone Machine Company, which position he has retained ever since. Over fifty young men have served their term of apprenticeship as machinists under his direction, and many of them hold notable positions. Major Colvin was married October 4, 1864, to Miss Elizabeth Gregg, of Allegheny, and they have had five children, namely: Charles, who married Sarah Reiley; Adda, who married Edward Plumber; Walter, who is foreman of the Standard Steel Works at Lewistown, Pa.; Bessie , who is the wife of James B. McClure, and Beresford, who is general foreman of the Westinghouse Electric Works. He married Isabella Bunker. All the children are happily settled in life and Major Colvin is proud of the fact that they are all doing well. In politics he and his sons are Republicans. He is a member of the Odd Fellows and the G.A.R., and has taken a very active part in Grand Army affairs in this section, and in 1893 served as junior Vice Department Commander of the Department of Pennsylvania. The comfortable family residence is at No. 120 Newry Street, Gaysport, Pa. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 553-554. JOSEPH B. CONDRON, contractor and builder, is a successful business man of Hollidaysburg, Pa., and the descendant of an old and honored central Pennsylvania family. He is a son of James Condron and was born at Frankstown, Blair County, Pa., on October 9th, 1855. Hollidaysburg was the scene of his schooldays and early career. In 1878 he went to Arizona, where he for five years enjoyed the stirring life of the Western plains and foothills. In 1883 he returned to Hollidaysburg and embarked in the planing mill and lumber yard business. His plant is located on South Montgomery Street, on the site of the boat yard of the olden-time Pennsylvania Canal, and is well equipped and modern. Mr. Condron takes an active interest in public affairs. He is affiliated with the Republican faith, is serving his third term as a member of the Town Council, and is a former President of that municipal body. He is a stockholder and officer of The Hollidaysburg Improvement Company and is also a stockholder in The First National Bank of Hollidaysburg. He is a musician and possesses a rich and clear tenor voice, which renders him a favorite in all the church and social functions of the town. His talents also shine to advantage in the degree work of Wanita Lodge No. 142, I.O.O.F. Mr. Condron was married to Miss Mry Isabella Kinports, now deceased. To their union were born four children: Miss Katherine Bella, Miss Isabella K., and Mr. J. Donald Condron, at home: and Mrs. Ella Jene Calvin, wife of Samuel Calvin; of California. Announcement was recently made of the engagement of Miss Katherine Bella Condron to Mr. Joseph Reed, of Chicago, Ill., a former Hollidaysburg boy, and a son of Charles H. Reed. In 1908, Mr. Condron married Miss Lavinia Patterson Burchinell, and dwells with his wife and children in the beautiful East End of Hollidaysburg. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 712. FRANK J. F. CONFER, who has been a member of the legal profession of Altoona, Pa., since 1902, was born in that city in 1878, a son of Capt. F. P. Confer, who for the past twenty-five years has been living in retirement in Altoona. Capt. F. P. Confer was born in 1836, in Blair County, near the Y Switches and there he in later years conducted a hotel. He also conducted very successfully the old Confer Hotel, which was very popular among the railroad men of that day. After taking up his residence in Altoona he operated the old Model Grocery for some time. He is a veteran of the Civil War, having served as captain of Company G, 1st Pa. Reserve Cavalry. Frank J. F. Confer was reared in Altoona and educated in the public schools. He also attended Cornell University and Notre Dame University, graduating from the latter in the class of 1897, but continued his studies at this institution by taking a postgraduate course in 1898. In 1902 he was admitted to the bar and has since that time been actively engaged in the practice of the law in Altoona, in all the state and federal courts. Mr. Confer is solicitor for the Anderson Paper & Twine Company of Altoona. Fraternally, Mr. Confer is a member of the Order of Eagles and of the Blair County Bar Association; religiously, he holds membership with St. John's Catholic Church. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 861-862. JACOB L. CONFER, a representative citizen of Frankstown Township, Blair County, Pa., owns property in Frankstown village and also forty-two acres of valuable land near it. He was born in this township, December 6, 1859, and is a son of Jacob and Eliza (Baker) Confer. Jacob Confer was born in Bedford County, Pa. He was a farmer and owned property in Frankstown Township, where he died and his burial was in the Geeseytown Cemetery. He married Eliza Baker, a native of Blair County, who is also deceased. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. They had nine children, as follows: James S., William, George W., Samuel C., Angus L., Sarah M., Jacob L., Catherine S. and Elmer E. Sarah M. married Joseph Robison. Catherine S. married E. W. Bingenheimer. Jacob L. Confer had but a small amount of schooling, attending a few months in the winter time when there was no work on the farm. After he was twenty years old he gave his entire time to helping his father. When twenty-five years of age he went to Minnesota. His brothers, George W. and Angus L., were in the wholesale meat business and for three years he acted as a salesman for them. For five years afterward he was interested in a sheep ranch and then sold his interest to his brother, George W. Two more years were spent on a neighboring ranch and then he became second foreman on a third ranch and in this position had 32,000 head of sheep to look after. He led a strenuous life, his day beginning at about five o'clock in the morning and extending to from nine to ten o'clock at night. After leaving the sheep country he occupied himself in various ways, while seeing different parts of the country, for about eighteen months and then returned to Pennsylvania. He is a leading citizen of Frankstown Township as noted above, having concerned himself with its important affairs and through travel and experience possessing qualifications that others have not had the same chance to obtain. He has been particularly interested in school matters and is serving in his eighth year on the township school board, of which he is treasurer, for two years was secretary and for three years was president. He also served six months as secretary of the board of supervisors, having been appointed by Judge Bell. On May 25, 1893, Mr. Confer was married to Miss Cora May Merritts, a daughter of Capt. Andrew J. and Catherine (Kephart) Merritts. Captain Merritts earned his title by serving four years in the Civil War. By trade he was a furnace blower. Mrs. Confer has four brothers and one sister, namely: Harry, Wilbur, Charles, Calvin, and Dessie, who is the wife of Howard Shope. Mr. and Mrs. Confer have the following family: Madeline Baker, who attends school in Minnesota; and Gladys Belle, Lafayette Chalmer, Muzeta M., Mylo Cushman, Catherine M., T. DeWitt Talmadge, Ronald, J. Layton, and Angus Lloyd. Mr. Confer is a member of the Lutheran church, while Mrs. Confer belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Forresters and of the Grange. Mr. Confer is one of the enterprising men of this section who are making an effort to organize an independent telephone company through Scotch Valley, from Hollidaysburg to Beaver Dam. If energy and perseverance will accomplish it, this public spirited enterprise will succeed. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 697-698. W. FISK CONRAD, one of the leading men of Tyrone, formerly postmaster under President Cleveland, was born at Franklinsville, Spruce Creek Valley, Huntingdon County, Pa., son of John and Mary Ann (Stonebreaker) Conrad. He is a descendant on the paternal side of Daniel Conrad, who came to this country from Saxony, and who served in the Revolutionary War as a member of the Lancaster County (Pa.) militia. This early ancestor, who was the great-grandfather of our subject, died in 1781. His son Daniel (2d), born 1774, accompanied George Aushshultz, the iron master, from Lancaster to Huntingdon County, dying subsequently in 1824 at Huntingdon Furnace. He married Elizabeth Shank, a daughter of George Shank, who was a Revolutionary soldier. Of their children, John, father of W. Fisk Conrad, was born March 11, 1809, and died May 10, 1855. He was a merchant of Franklinville for many years. His wife, Mary Ann Stonebreaker, was born in 1813, a daughter of John and Jane (Haskell) Stonebreaker, and was a granddaughter of Adam Stonebreaker, who came from Hagerstown, Md. to Colerain Forges, Huntingdon County, and who was also a Revolutionary soldier. Her maternal grandfather was Benjamin H. Haskell. The parents of our subject were married February 23, 1831. The father died May 10, 1855, and the mother May 31, 1853. Then remains rest in the Franklinville cemetery. They had eleven children, two of whom died in infancy. W. Fisk Conrad attended the common schools until reaching the age of 14, and then learned the tinner's trade, which he followed for three years in Altoona as an employe of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. He spent two years in the Venango oil region and (after a previous visit in 1857) came to Tyrone in 1865, and was engaged in the mercantile business here from 1881 to 1891. He is one of the largest real estate holders in Tyrone. He has been a very active Democrat in politics, serving as a delegate to several national and many state conventions. He served fifteen years in all as a member of the Tyrone council. He was appointed postmaster in March, 1894, and held the position until September, 1898, making a very capable official. He has been prominently identified with various important interests of Tyrone and-has done his full share in the development of the place. Mr. Conrad was married in 1883 to Miss Joanna Shank, who was born at Warrior's Mark, Pa., a daughter of George Shank. Mr. and Mrs. Conrad attend the M. E. church. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 959-960. AMBROSE E. CORL, who resides on a farm of 103 acres in. Juniata Township, Blair County, Pa., is one of the enterprising citizens of the township and has been engaged in agricultural pursuits here for more than a quarter of a century. He was born December 27, 1848, in Greenfield Township, Blair County, Pa., and is, a son of Josiah and Elizabeth (Ritchey) Corl. Josiah Corl was born in Bedford County, Pa., and at an early age was left an orphan, being reared by an elder brother, Samuel Corl of Bedford County Pa. He learned wagon making with his brother, but only followed the trade for a short time, when he removed to Juniata Township, Blair County, Pa., and several years later to Greenfield Township, where he followed farming until the time of his death at the age of 38 years. His early death was due to consumption. The mother of our subject was born in the Shenandoah Valley, Va., and early in life came with her parents to Blair County, Pa. Our subject has one surviving sister, Lavina, who is the wife of Daniel Diehl of Cambria County, Pa. Ambrose E. Corl was reared in Greenfield Township and his education, which was obtained in the district schools of his home locality, was supplemented by practical experience in later life. He was but 12 years of age at the time of his father's death. and resided with his widowed mother until her death, which occurred some few years ago. For a number of years he was identified with the saw-mill industry of Clearfield County, Pa., but for more than a quarter of a century has been engaged in agricultural pursuits on a farm of 103 acres in Juniata Township, Blair County, Pa. Mr. Corl married Rebecca Bowser, who is a daughter of Conrad Bowser, who was a resident of Juniata Township, and of their union have been born the following children: Martha, the wife of B. F. Long of Juniata Township, George W., who resides in East Altoona, Pa.; Reuben B., also a resident of East Altoona; Roy B., of Juniata Township; Ruth; and two who are deceased. Mr. Corl is politically a Republican and has served as committeeman from Juniata Township at the county convention a number of years, and was also judge and inspector of election. He was also road supervisor and a member of the school board of this township for a number of years. He is a member of the Mt. Moriah United Brethren Church, of which he has served as a trustee, and affiliates with the Poplar Run Grange and the Patrons of Husbandry. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 800-801. JOHN F. CORNELIUS, residing on his valuable farm of about 125 acres, situated in Taylor Township, Blair County, Pa., is engaged in general farming and dairying, the latter industry being a leading feature. He was born at Saltillo, Huntingdon County, Pa., January 11, 1866, and is a son of Walter and Amanda (Kough) Cornelius, and a grandson of Peter Cornelius, an early settler in that neighborhood. Both father and mother are living, the former being in his seventy-second year and the latter in her sixty-ninth year. They are highly respected people of their community. John F. Cornelius has had few advantages in life except those he has secured for himself through his energy and industry. After he completed his school attendance at Saltillo, he worked as a farmer and dairyman and since the spring of 1908, when he purchased his present farm, he has done a large amount of business. He has very practical ideas and when he started into the dairy business invested in the best dairy stock and the results have shown that he has excellent business judgment. Usually he keeps from fifteen to twenty head of Jersey and Holstein cows, each of these breeds having particular dairy qualities of their own. He operates a milk route through Roaring Spring and is known favorably to almost every resident. Mr. Cornelius was married to Miss Bertha Park, a daughter of Samuel Park, of Saltillo, Huntingdon County, and they have three children, Owen W., Nettie L., and Lillian. Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Roaring Spring. In politics he is a Republican. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 789. ALBERT A. COWEN, a prominent agriculturist and leading citizen of Taylor Township, Blair County, Pa., is a representative of one of the sturdy Irish families that came to America shortly after the close of the Revolutionary War, these colonists having made a large part of what is the best citizenship of the United States. Albert A. Cowen was born in Taylor Township, September 27, 1849, and is a son of David N. and Elizabeth (Croft) Cowen, and a grandson of Edward Cowen, who settled near Roaring Spring, on what is now known as the Woodbury turnpike road. The Cowen ancestry has been traced by other investigators and reaches to the north of Ireland. From there two brothers, Edward and William Cowen, emigrated to America, and after a long and stormy passage, reached Philadelphia, Pa., in 1785. Before starting out to secure a pioneer farm, Edward Cowen was married in January, 1786, at Philadelphia, to Elizabeth Pote, a native of Germany, who had been a fellow passenger. She proved an admirable helpmate, cheerfully shared the hardships that attended them for many years, frugally preserved their scanty means and proudly became the mother of his twelve sturdy children. In the succeeding years these married and intermarried and at the present time the leading families of this section have a strain of the Cowen-Pote blood and frequently the family characteristics. David N. Cowen was born on the tract of government land that his father had secured through the Penn heirs, this patent calling for a body of land extending from the Dunning's Mountain on the west across the valley just one mile south of Roaring Spring. At that time there were so many springs found on his land, that Mr. Cowen named his property Spring Garden, but the larger number of these have disappeared. The farm now owned by Albert A. Cowen was originally a part of what was called the Ullery Tract, on a portion of which the borough of Roaring Spring now stands. David N. Cowen followed an agricultural life. It was one of industry and quiet usefulness and when he passed away he left behind him the record of a good. man. He married Elizabeth Croft and of their family of children the following survive: Albert A.; George L., who is a minister in the Baptist church, is located at Chesterfield, N. J.; and Eli C., Mary L., and Annie, who all reside in Taylor Township; and Edward D., who is a physician in practice at Cottonwood, S. Dak. Albert A. Cowen was reared in Taylor Township. He attended the district schools and Martinsburg Seminary and also received valuable instruction in a private Normal School at Bedford, Pa. Mr. Cowen then became a teacher for a short period, teaching three terms in Blair and Bedford Counties, since when he has devoted himself to farming and moderate stock raising. In addition to his Taylor Township farm of Eighty-six acres, he owns a farm of like acreage in Woodbury Township, both of these being productive properties. Mr. Cowen married Miss Susan Long, a daughter of David Long, of Bedford County, and seven children were born to them, three of whom, Emory, Charles and David, are deceased. The survivors are: W. Howard, Warren G., Arthur O. and Vora M., all residents of Taylor Township. In his political views, Mr. Cowen is a Republican. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 654-655. EDWARD H. COWEN, a representative agriculturist of Taylor Township, Blair County, Pa., and one of its most respected citizens, was born in this township, on the farm on which he resides, October 25, 1859. His parents were John and Barbara (Hoover) Cowen. John Cowen was born in Taylor Township and was a son of Jacob Cowen and a grandson of Edward Cowen, one of the early settlers in this section. John Cowen was a farmer and was a leading member of the Dunkard church. He married Barbara Hoover, of German ancestry, and of their children, the following are still living and useful members of society: Catherine, who is the wife of George Shifler, of Huston Township; Mary, who is the widow of Samuel Bottomfield, of Williamsburg, Pa.; Henry, who lives in Shelby County, Ia.; Nancy, who is the wife of Henry Smith, of Martinsburg, Pa., and Edward H. Edward H. Cowen grew to manhood on the home farm and obtained his education in the country schools and took part in the pleasant family and social life of the neighborhood. He was trained by a careful and experienced father to be a farmer and the fields that he ploughed and from which he later gathered the rich harvests are now his own. His farm contains 105 acres of valuable land and they show that they have been carefully cultivated. The name of Sunnyside Farm very aptly describes its favorable location. On October 16, 1894, Mr. Cowen was married to Miss Dillie Stephens, a daughter of Prof. J. H. Stephens, a prominent citizen of Roaring Spring and a former superintendent of public instruction in Blair County. Mr. and Mrs. Cowen have four children: Oren S., Marie S., Grace S., and Nannie S. Mr. Cowen and family are members of the Lutheran church at Roaring Spring. For nine consecutive years he has been a member of the school board of Taylor Township and for three of these was secretary of this educational body. He also served three years as supervisor of Taylor Township and was both president and secretary of that board. He is a Republican in his political sentiments. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 725-726. HOWARD FRANCIS COX, an enterprising agriculturist and highly esteemed citizen of Antis township, Blair County, Pa., was born November 29, 1862, on the farm where he now lives, and is a son of Asbury and Margaret Alice (Williams) Cox. Samuel Cox, grandfather of Howard F., was born in Huntingdon County, Pa., and was a son of Joshua Cox, who was one of the very early settlers of that county. Samuel resided until 1842 in Huntingdon County, when he removed to what is now Blair, where he has a fine farm of 135 acres, which is now owned by his son J. B. Cox. He married Nancy Beck, also a native of Huntingdon County, and of their union were born the following children: Porter, who died aged twenty-two years; Asbury, father of our subject; Martha, who died at the age of three years; Samuel Davis, who is a resident of Altoona; Benjamin Franklin, who resides in Logan township; Catherine, deceased, who leas the wife of Luther Coleman; Jeremiah Beck, who lives in Allegheny, Pa., and is the owner of the old home farm; Anna, who is the wife of Allen McCartney, of Juniata; Ella, who is the wife of D. D. Coleman, of Juniata; and Martin T., who resides in Juniata. Asbury Cox was born September 10, 1839, in Huntingdon County, Pa., and was three years of age when he accompanied his parents to Antis township. He has since resided continuously on his present farm of eighty acres, which is a part of the old Williams homestead. On February 14, 1862, he married Margaret Alice Williams, who was born and has always lived on the farm where she now resides. She was the only child of John C. and Ann (Cherry) Williams, and comes of one of the old families of Antis township. Her grandfather, Thomas Williams, lies buried on this farm and was one of the first of the family to locate in the township. The following children were born to Asbury and Margaret A. Cox: Howard Francis, subject of this record; Ira Marvin, who died aged four years; Nettie, who is the wife of Clark Nearhoof, of Antis township; Annie, wife of Harvey G. Reigh, of Antis township; Emma, who married David W. Irwin, of this township; Nannie, wife of Robert Mauk, of Grand Rapids, Mich.; and Bertha, who married Edward Steele, of Antis township. Mr. Cox belongs to the Patrons of Husbandry. Howard Francis Cox resides on the home farm, just across the road from his mother and father, known as "Sabbath Rest Farm," and was here reared and in boyhood attended the local schools. He also attended a subscription school, which furnished a course of study equivalent to a high school course, the teacher being Prof. E. N. Root, of Bellwood. After thus completing his literary studies, he was engaged in teaching in Antis township for a time. Subsequently he spent four years working on the middle division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In June, 1885, he took charge of the home farm and has since resided here continuously. In 1885 Mr. Cox became a member of the Sheridan Troop and when he severed his connection therewith in 1894, he had risen to the rank of first sergeant. At the time of the Spanish-American War he attempted to re-enlist but the ranks were full. Mr. Cox is a member of the State Board of Agriculture from Blair County, and is actively interested in all matters that pertain to farming. He is an active -member of the Pennsylvania State Grange and is its second officer, being subordinate only to William T. Creasy. In politics he is a Democrat and has served three years as township supervisor. Fraternally, he belongs to the Patrons of Husbandry; the I.O.O.F.; K. of G. E.; I.O.R.M.; and the F.O.E. On September 13, 1888, Mr. Cox was joined in marriage with Lucinda C. Bryan, a native of Altoona, Pa., and a daughter of Dr. M. M. and Emma (Defibaugh) Bryan, and to them have been born the following children: Ira Clyde, a stenographer in Gable's Store in Altoona, who was born December 1, 1890, and is a graduate of Juniata College, and of Zeth's Business College; Earl Raymond, who was born December 23, 1892, and is a graduate of the Antis township High School and Juniata College; Alma Margaret, born August 2, 1895, who attends the schools of Antis township; Mildred May, born September, 26, 1897; and Samuel Paul, born August 4, 1902, who attends the schools of the township. Mr. Cox has successfully conducted the Farmers' Institutes of Blair County for a number of years, and has the confidence and esteem of the entire State Department of Agriculture. He is a firm believer in, and an ardent advocate of, the centralization of rural schools, and the teaching of Agriculture therein. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 872-873. M. W. CRAINE, building inspector and one of the representative business men of Altoona, Pa., has been identified with the business interests of this borough for the past thirteen years. He was born in 1863 in Center County, Pa., where he was reared and obtained his educational training, and at the age of twenty-two years, removed to Tyrone, Pa., where he was for seven years employed with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. He then came to Altoona and worked at carpentering for some years, and for the past ten years has been associated with the Altoona Construction Company in architectural work for Blair County. About eight years ago, Mr. Craine graduated from the Scranton School of Architecture, and on April 5, 1910, was appointed by the Mayor, and approved by the Select Council, as Building Inspector of Altoona. Mr. Craine is affiliated with the I.O.O.F., the Fraternal Mystical Circle, and the Heptasophs, and the religious connection of the family is with the Broad Avenue Presbyterian Church. In 1899 Mr. Craine was united in marriage with Catherine Cherry, and of their union has been born one son, Ralph B. Craine. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, p. 743. JAMES CALVIN CRAWFORD, M.D., physician and surgeon at Tyrone, Pa., where he has been in successful practice since 1905, was born in Sinking Valley, Blair County, Pa., May 26, 1878, and is a son of Dr. Luther F. and Harriet (Bryan) Crawford, and a grandson of Robert and Mary (Fleck) Crawford. James Calvin Crawford attended the public schools of Sinking Valley until he was twelve years of age, when his parents moved to Tyrone but he remained several years loner with his grandmother in Sinking Valley. With the class of 1897 he graduated from the Tyrone High School and then entered the Millersville Normal School but shortly afterward, when the call came for troops for service in the Spanish-American War, he joined the Sheridan Troop, in 1898, and served until the close of hostilities. Dr. Crawford's father has been prominently identified with the N.G.P., for a number of years and his own connection dates from 1897, and has continued until the present. During active service his rank was first sergeant of the troop. In 1899, Dr. Crawford entered Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he was a student until 1904, and was graduated in medicine at the University of the South, at Swansea, Tenn., in 1905, and has been in active practice ever since. He is a member of the Blair County Medical Society and of the Pennsylvania State Medical Association. His fraternal connections are numerous, including membership in Tyrone Lodge, No. 494, F& A. M. and the Modern Woodmen of America and others. Dr. Crawford was married to Miss Laura K. Beyer, a daughter of the late F. D. and Elizabeth (Blake) Beyer, the former of whom was interested for many years in a planing mill and lumber business, which, since his death in 1907, has been continued by his sons. The mother of Mrs. Crawford died in the fall of 1902. Dr. and Mrs. Crawford have four children: James C., born August 28, 1905; Margaret, born May 30, 1907; Robert Luther, born July 19, 1908, and Elizabeth Blake, born October 27, 1910. Dr. Crawford maintains his office in his handsome residence which is situated on the corner of Fifteenth Street and Lincoln Avenue, Tyrone. In politics he is a Republican but takes only the interest of a good citizen in public affairs. With his wife he belongs to the First Lutheran Church at Tyrone. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 837-838. LUTHER F. CRAWFORD, M.D., a prominent and successful physician at Tyrone, Pa., and one of the foremost medical men of Blair County, is a member of old and honorable families of this section, which, for generations, have been noted for the honest virtues and substantial qualities which make good citizenship. Dr. Crawford was born in Sinking Valley, Blair County, Pa., January 1, 1859, and is a son of Robert and Mary (Fleck) Crawford. Robert Crawford, who spent his entire life in Blair County, Pa., was born at Newry and for many years was successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits in Sinking Valley. His death occurred in his sixty-fourth year. The maiden name of his mother was Fannie Moore, who was of Scotch-Irish extraction. Her parents settled in the vicinity of Duncansville, Blair County, when she was three weeks old. When he reached man's estate, Robert Crawford was united in marriage with Mary Fleck, who was born December 24, 1826, and died January 16, 1902. George Fleck, the maternal great-grandfather of Dr. Luther F. Crawford, was born in Germany in 1748 and came to America a few years prior to the Revolutionary War. He was accompanied by three brothers, two of whom settled in Montgomery County, Pa., while George and Peter came to what is now known as Sinking Valley, Blair County. They erected here a log cabin and for years their only neighbors were Indians, who still claimed this section as one of their hunting grounds. When the colonies called for aid in the war with Great Britain, these brothers shouldered their flint-lock muskets and fought through the entire period of the Revolutionary War. It is said that their loyalty to their adopted country was so genuine and their devotion to General Washington so sincere, that long years after the issues of this war were no longer matters of general comment, a mention of either the cause or the great commander in their presence would bring tears to the eyes of these aged patriots. After the termination of his military service, George Fleck gave attention to agricultural pursuits and it is evident that he took an active part in promoting the early civilizing movements and was a man of wealth and importance. From John Penn, the elder and from John Penn, the younger, he secured 350 acres of land, for which he paid the sum of 295 pounds, three shillings and two pence. Nature had given him a powerful physical frame and his strength endured into old age, it being recorded that after he was eighty-seven years old, he reaped in one season, sixty dozen wheat with his hand sickle. George Fleck was twice married, first to Mollie Weeks and second to Catherine Ramey, all of his children being of the first marriage. Mollie Weeks, the great-grandmother of Dr. Crawford, was born in September, 1748, married George Fleck in 1773 and became the mother of the following children: George, born in 1774, died in 1815; Conrad, born in 1780, married Mary Moore, died in 1845; Margaret, born in 1782, married John Fleck, died in 1866; Jacob, born in 1783, married Nellie Mattay, died in 1862; Catherine, born in 1785, married Daniel F. Crissman, died in 1874; Elizabeth, married Abram Crissman and died at the age of eighty-two years; Henry, born in 1791, was the father of Rev. H. F. Fleck, a well known Lutheran minister, married first Catherine Ramey and second Mary Keller, died in 1859; David, born in 1793, died in 1870; Mollie, born in 1797, married Peter Burket, and died in 1817. David Fleck, grandfather of Dr. Luther F. Crawford, grew to manhood amid pioneer surroundings and developed into a man of more or less prominence, serving in public offices and exerting a good influence in the community. His life was an agricultural one and that he made it profitable even under the great drawbacks of lack of machinery and of long distances from suitable markets, but demonstrates that he possessed excellent and decisive qualities. He was married first to Mary Ramey, who was born in 1799 and died in 1863. He was married second to Keziah Shannon. His children were: Gabriel; Catherine, who married George Lotz; Francis, who died in childhood; Mary, the mother of Dr. Crawford, who married Robert Crawford; Eliza, who married J. M. Carl; Jane, who married John Keasley; Martin Luther, who married Maggie Fox; and two who died young. To Robert and Mary Crawford nine children were born, three of whom died in childhood. The following survived to maturity David Wood, who was a farmer and died in Pleasant Valley, January 12, 1894; Elizabeth, who was the wife of Samuel H. Smith, died January 10, 1884; Olivia A., who still resides in Sinking Valley; Luther Fleck, who is a resident of Tyrone, Pa.; John R., who is engaged in farming in Sinking Valley; and Elmer, who is engaged in the practice of dentistry at Tyrone. This family was carefully reared by parents who recognized their responsibilities and afforded every advantage that, in their loving judgment, was deemed beneficial. Luther Fleck Crawford attended the public schools in Sinking Valley and later the State Normal School at Millersville. While pursuing his preliminary medical studies he also engaged in teaching school, nine terms of successful effort in this direction proving that the career of an educator might be an attractive no less than a beneficial one. In 1888 he entered the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, where he was graduated in the class of 1890. Immediately afterward he settled permanently at Tyrone, where his professional ability soon won him recognition and his personal qualities and high ideals made him welcome as a citizen. He is a valued member of the State Eclectic Society, and is also a member of the examining board of this organization. In 1877 Dr. Crawford was married to Miss Harriet Bryan, who is a daughter of the late James Bryan, formerly of Birmingham, Huntingdon County, Pa., and three of their four children are living, namely: James Calvin, who is engaged in the practice of medicine at Tyrone, married Miss Laura Beyer, of this city and they have four children: Mary Mabel, who married J. Howe Stevens, of Tyrone, has one son; and Virgil L., who is yet a student. Dr. Crawford and family are members of the English Lutheran church. Dr. Crawford has been prominently identified with military affairs and for thirty-three years has been a member of the Sheridan Troop, N.G.P., and served five years as its captain, returning with this rank from the Spanish-American War, having served under Gen. Miles in the Porto Rican campaign during this war. He is associated fraternally and socially with various organizations, his connections in the former relation being with the Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen, the Royal Arcanum and the Woodmen of the World. From principle, Dr. Crawford is a Republican and he has been moderately active at times in local politics. Dr. Crawford is a self-made man, his education having been acquired through his own efforts. Marrying young, he kept his family and educated himself at the same time - an achievement in which he can take a pardonable pride. Sell, Jesse C., Twentieth Century History of Altoona and Blair County, Pennsylvania, and Representative Citizens, Chicago, IL: Richmond-Arnold, 1911, pp. 811-813.