THE HISTORY OF BUCKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, CHAPTER XL, BUCKS COUNTY IN THE REVOLUTION, 1774 to 1783. from the discovery of the Delaware to the present time by W. W. H. Davis, A.M., 1876 and 1905* editions. Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by Donna Bluemink. dbluemink@cox.net USGENWEB NOTICE: Printing this file by non-commercial individuals and libraries is encouraged, as long as all notices and submitter information is included. Any other use, including copying files to other sites requires permission from the submitters PRIOR to uploading to any other sites. We encourage links to the state and county table of contents. _____________________________________________________________________________ Transcriber's note: Liberty has been taken with numbering footnotes so as to include all footnotes from both the 1876 and 1905 editions, plus any additional text and pictures in the 1905 edition. All 1905 material will be noted with an asterisk. Note: Where names differ, the 1905 edition spelling is applied. _____________________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER XL or CHAPTER X (Vol. II), 1905 ed. BUCKS COUNTY IN THE REVOLUTION 1774 to 1783 The story of the Revolution. -The county faithful to the colonies. -The first steps taken.* -Committee of Safety. -Men enter the army. - The campaign of 1776. -Washington cross the Delaware. -Boats collected. -Troops distributed. -Suffering of troops. -James Monroe. -Death of Captain Moore. -Sullivan joins the army. -Quarters of Washington, Greene and Knox. -Headquarters. -Attack on Trenton. -Return of army with prisoners. -Oath of allegiance. -Militia of Bucks turn out. -Continental army crosses Bucks county. -Lafayette. -British occupancy of Philadelphia. -Depredations. -Lacey's command. -Battle of Crooked Billet.* -Bucks county riflemen. -The Doanes. -The disloyal. -Confiscations. -Hardships of the war. -Revolutionary data.* The story of the American Revolution cannot be too often told. The wisdom and patriotism of the men who led the revolt against the British crown, and the courage and endurance of those who fought the battles of the colonies, have never been surpassed. Bucks county is surrounded by localities made memorable by the struggle. Less than a day's journey will take one to the Hall of Independence where constitutional liberty was born, to the battle fields of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Red Bank, and Monmouth, and to the bleak hills of Valley Forge. On three [four*] occasions the Continental army, with Washington at it head, marched through our county, to meet the enemy on historic fields, and in the trying period of December 1776, it sought shelter on Bucks county soil behind the friendly waters of the Delaware. Three signers of the Declaration of Independence, Taylor, Clymer, and Morris, made their homes in our county, [two of them, at different times living in the same dwelling,*] and one of them was buried here. While our county was faithful to the cause of independence, a considerable minority of her population remained loyal to the crown. When the war became inevitable, Bucks was one of the first counties to act. [At a public meeting, held at Newtown, on July 9, 1774, with Gilbert Hicks, chairman, and William Walton, clerk after a brief address by the chairman,*] Joseph Hart, [of Warminster,*] John Kidd, Joseph Kirkbride, James Wallace, Henry Wynkoop, Samuel Foulke, and John Wilkinson were appointed to represent Bucks at a meeting of all the county committees to be held in Philadelphia, [July 15*] where Mr. Hart was chairman of the committee that reported in favor of "a congress of deputies from all the colonies." [On December 15, at a meeting at Newtown, Joseph Galloway, John Kidd, Christian Minnick, John Bessonett, Joseph Kirkbride, Thomas Harvey, Thomas Jenks, Henry Krewson, Joseph Hart, James Wallace, Richard Walker, John Wilkinson, Joshua Anderson, John Chapman, Jonathan Ingham, Joseph Watson, Benjamin Fell, John Kelley, David Waggoner, Abraham Stout, Thomas Foulke, John Jamison, Jacob Strahan, James Chapman, Henry Wynkoop, Jacob Beidleman, Thomas Darrach, Robert Patterson and David Twining, were appointed a "Committee of Observation" for the county. On January 16, 1775, a committee of safety was organized in Bucks, of which Joseph Hart was [chosen*] chairman, and John Chapman clerk, in which was reposed, for the time being, the legislative and executive authority of the county. During the winter the committee collected £252. 19s. 18d. to relieve [and support*] the people "of the town of Boston." The Society of Friends were against the war from the beginning, because strife and bloodshed were opposed to their religious tenets, but the authority of the fathers could not restrain the sons. A number of their young men gave open sympathy to the cause of the colonies, and some entered the military service. Among the latter we find the well-known names of Janney, Brown, Linton, Shaw, Milnor, Hutchinson, Bunting, Stackhouse, Canby, Lacey, and others. The meeting "dealt with" all who forsook the faith, and the elders of Richland were visited with ecclesiastical wrath for turning their backs upon King George. We must do the Society justice, however, to say that it was consistent in its action, and that the same censure was launched against the martial Quaker, whether he entered the ranks of the king or the colonies. Nevertheless, the society did not forget the needs of charity, and down to April 1776, they had already distributed £3,900, principally in New England, and Falls monthly meeting authorized subscriptions for the suffering inhabitants of Philadelphia. When Congress authorized an army, John Lacey, an Orthodox Quaker, of Buckingham, raised a company of 64 men for Wayne's regiment, in January 1776, whose first lieutenant was Samuel Smith, of Buckingham, Michael Ryan, the second, and John Bartley, and John Forbes, ensigns. About the same time, among those who entered the military service from this county, were Robert Sample, a scholarly man from Buckingham, a captain in Hubeley's [Hubley's*] Tenth Pennsylvania regiment, a good officer who served to the end of the war, Augustus Willet, who had served with Montgomery in Canada, in 1775, a captain in Bull's regiment, Samuel Benezett, major in the Sixth Pennsylvania regiment, and Alexander Grayden [Graydon*], of Bristol, a captain in Shee's regiment, who was made prisoner at Fort Washington. Colonel Robert Magaw, of the Sixth Pennsylvania regiment, recruited a number of his men in this county, and the roll of his killed and captured at Fort Washington gives many well-known names. (1) Adjutant Johnson, (2) of Buckingham, and Lieutenants Matthew Bennett and John Erwin, of this county, were among the captured at Fort Washington, and were kept prisoners several years. Four militia regiments were organized in the county immediately after the war commenced, and in the summer of 1776, Bucks sent a battalion of 400 men, under Colonel Joseph Hart, to the Flying camp near Amboy, whose adjutant was John Johnson, surgeon, Joseph Fenton, Jr., quartermaster, Alexander Benstead, and Captains John Folwell, William Roberts, William Hart, Valentine Opp, and John Jamison. (1) Names of officers and men from Bucks county, in Colonel Magaw's regiment killed and captured at Fort Washington: John Beatty, major, Warminster John Priestley, lieutenant, Bristol William Crawford, lieutenant, Warrington Isaac Van Horne, ensign, Solebury John Wallace, sergeant, Warrington John Murray, sergeant, Bristol Robert Forsyth, corporal, Warrington Richard Hay, private, New Britain John Stevens, private, Bristol John Banks, private, New Britain Thomas Bell, private, Bristol Daniel Gulliou, private, Warwick, died of wounds Joshua Carrigan, private, Bristol, died in prison Ralph Boon, private, Bristol, Ralph Aiken, private, Warminster William Jenkins, private, Warwick Timothy Knowles, private, Northampton Robert Frame, private, Bristol, died in prison William Huston, private, Warwick Joseph Bratton, private, Bristol, James McNiel, Bensalem, sergeant John Evans, sergeant, Bensalem Daniel Kenedy, sergeant, Bristol William Kent, private, Bensalem Cornelius Foster, private, Bensalem John Bell, private, Bensalem Edward Murphy, private, Bensalem Andrew Know, private, Bensalem Halbert Douglass, private, Warrington John Lalbey, private, Solebury Edward Hovenden, ensign, Newtown John Coxe, sergeant, Bensalem Thomas Stevenson, sergeant, Newtown John Sproal, corporal, Newtown John Eastwick, corporal, Newtown Richard Lott, private, Plumstead Dennis Ford, private, Middletown John Murphy, private, Falls Thomas Varden, private, Glassworks Richard Arkle, private, Wrightstown Henry Aiken, private, Wrightstown Charles A. Moss, private, Northampton John Dunn, private, Falls John Kerls, private, Falls John Ketchum, private, Bensalem Hugh Evans, private, Southampton, died in prison George Clark, fifer, Biles Island (enlisted) Reading Beatty, ensign, Warminster. [The author has a piece of the discharge of Andrew Stull, of Nockamixon, a soldier of the Revolution, but we do not know when nor where he served. He died January 13, 1846, at the age of 95 years and 27 days.*] (2) A statement in Henry Cabot Lodge's "Life of Washington," says he was six feet and six and one-half inches tall, wore shoes eleven and boots thirteen inches, and could hold a loaded musket at arms length in one hand and fire it; made, we believe, on the statement of a soldier in the Continental army, who was near him, in 1776, shortly before crossing the Delaware. We have seen no account of it elsewhere.* The campaign of 1776 was disastrous to the American arms. Washington announced to Congress, the first of December, his contemplated retreat across the Delaware, and asked that the Pennsylvania militia be ordered toward Trenton, and the boats collected on the west side of the river. About the same time he sent forward Colonel Humpton to collect all the boats and other craft along the Delaware, and General Putnam was ordered to construct rafts of the lumber at Trenton landing, while another party was sent up the river to collect all the boards and scantling on or near the river banks. Congress and the local authorities were thoroughly alarmed at the approach of the enemy. The arms of non-associators were collected to prevent them being used against the Americans, the militia were ordered to reinforce Washington, and the owners of cattle were directed to be ready to remove them at least five miles from the river. Washington, with the main body of the army reached Trenton the 3d of December, and the heavy stores and baggage were immediately removed to this side. He crossed over with the rear guard on Sunday morning the 8th, and took quarters at the house of a Mrs. Berkley, about a mile from the river, while the troops were stationed opposite the crossings. The enemy came marching down to the river about 11 o'clock, the same morning, expecting to cross, but were much disappointed when they found the boats had been removed to the west bank. They made demonstrations to cross above and below, including a night march to Coryell's ferry, but their attempts failed. The hostile armies now lay facing each other across the Delaware, and the cause of Independence was saved. Washington, fearing the boats on the river might fall into the enemy's hands, General Greene was charged with their safety. He was at Bogart's tavern, now Righter's, Centreville, the 10th of December, whence he ordered General Ewing to send 16 Durham boats and four flats down to McKonkey's, and General Maxwell was directed to collect the boats as high up the river as there was danger of the enemy seizing them, and to place them under strong guard. Those that could not be secured were to be destroyed. Boats were to be collected at one of the ferries in Tinicum for the passage of Lee's troops, which were shortly expected to join Washington. The Legislature of New Jersey, which left their state with the army, was summoned to meet at Four Lanes Ends, now Attleborough [Langhorne*], the last Thursday in December, "to take action on the future." Washington's next care was to guard the fords and crossings of the river to prevent the passage of the enemy. On the morning of December 9th he sent four brigades, under Lord Sterling, Mercer, Stephen, and De Fermoy, up the river, who took post between [Yardley*]ville and New Hope. Sterling was at Beaumont's, in Solebury, with three regiments, which he had under cover by the 12th, and De Fermoy was at Coryell's. General Dickinson guarded the river from Bordentown to [Yardley*]ville, General Cadwalader was posted near Bristol, and Colonel Nixon's regiment was at Dunk's ferry. Small redoubts were thrown up at various points, and each detachment was supplied with artillery. The general instructions to the troops were, if driven from their positions to retreat to the strong ground near Germantown. Washington rode up to visit Sterling on the 10th, probably returning the same day. The depot of supplies was fixed at Newtown, the county seat, because it was central, removed from the river, and easy of access from all points. While the enemy, in his comfortable quarters on the east bank of the Delaware, was waiting for the river to freeze that he might cross over, the Continentals were shivering on the west bank. Some of the troops were actually in a suffering condition. Major Ennion Williams, of the First Pennsylvania rifles, stationed at Thompson's mill in Solebury, wrote on the 13th that his men were barefooted; a week afterward Washington thanked the committee of safety for the old clothes collected for the army, and at his request one person was appointed in each township to collect blankets for the troops. (3) Some of the officers quartered at farm houses in the vicinity of their camps, and we learn that Captain Washington, a fine-looking man, Lieutenant James Monroe of the artillery, afterward President of the United States, and Doctor Ryker were at William Neeley's in Solebury. Captain James Moore of the New York artillery, a young man of 24, died of camp fever at the house of Robert Thompson the day the army marched for Trenton, and was buried just below the mouth of Pidcock's creek, in the edge of the timber. His grave is marked by sculptured stones, and patriotic hands of the neighborhood enclosed it a few years ago by an iron railing. Marinus [Marinnus*] Willett, Jr., likewise an officer of a New York regiment, died at the house of Matthias Hutchinson in Buckingham, and was buried near the dwelling, whence his remains were removed to the family vault. He was a young man of superior intelligence and refinement, and the family nursed him with the greatest tenderness and care. His parents visited the Hutchinson's after the war, and subsequently many interesting letters passed between the families. His father was a distinguished citizen of New York, and the intimate friend of Lafayette. (3) The following were the number of blankets collected and by whom: Buckingham, collector, John Robinson, 20 Tinicum, William Wilson, 20 Hilltown, James Armstrong, 16 Northampton, Gilliam Cornell, 18 Wrightstown, Joseph Sacket, 8 Lower Makefield, George Bennett, 9 Upper Makefield, Isaiah Keith, 13 Southampton, Leonard Krewson, 12 Lower Milford, John Jamison, 10 Solebury, John Sebring, 13 Warwick, Charles McMicken, 12 Newtown, Robert Ramsey, 10 Warminster, William Carr, 10 Falls, Lambert Pitner, 12 Springfield, William Thomas, 6 New Britain, David Davis, 18 Rockhill, Abraham Kechline, 13 Richland, John Fries, 13 Durham, George Knight, 4 Warrington, Abraham Hollis, 6 Bedminster, John Shaw, 12 Plumstead, Joseph Greir, 12 Bristol Borough, Robert Patterson, 14 Bensalem, Jacob Vandergrift, 15 Nockamixon, Samuel Wilson, 12 Middletown, Anthony Rue, 13 The number of blankets collected was 313, and the cost £678. 12. 6. The names of the townships and collectors and number of blankets are from the original records which belong to the author.* General Sullivan, with Lee's division in a destitute condition, joined Washington on the 20th of December, and the same day General Gates came in with the remnant of four New England regiments, 500 strong, which raised the strength of the army to about 6,000 men, although a large portion of them was unfit for service. During the month the Rev. John Rosbrugh, pastor of the Presbyterian church of Allen and Lower Mount Bethel, Northampton county, raised a battalion, and marched at its head to join the Continental army. He requested to have a military man placed in command, as he wished to act as chaplain. A few days after the battle of Trenton he was surprised by the enemy at a house near Pennington, and cruelly murdered. (4) The headquarters of the commander-in-chief and his most trusted lieutenants were at farmhouses in the vicinity of their troops, where they could be in easy communication with each other. Washington occupied the dwelling of William Keith, on the road from Brownsburg to the Eagle, Greene was at Robert Merrick's, a few hundred yards away across the fields and meadows, Sullivan was at Hayhurst's, grandfather of Mrs. Mary Buckman, of Newtown, and Knox and Hamilton at Doctor Chapman's over the Jericho hill to the north. The main body of the army was encamped in sheltered places along or near the streams, not far from the river. No doubt this position for headquarters was selected with an object, its sheltered situation, nearness to the river, and its proximity to Jericho hill, from the top of which signals could be seen a long way up and down the river when the trees were bare of leaves. Here Washington was near the upper fords of the Delaware, at which it was supposed the enemy would attempt to cross, and within a half hour's ride of the depot at Newtown. (4) The late Rev. Robert D. Morris says that Rosbrugh was killed on the northeast branch of the Assanpink the day of the battle of Trenton. This doubtless refers to the action of January 2, 1777, when Cornwallis made the attack on Washington at Trenton.* The old mansions in which Washington, Greene, Knox and Hamilton quartered are still standing. The Keith house has undergone but little change, except where gnawed by the tooth of time. Then, as now, it was a two-story, pointed stone house, 24x28 feet, with kitchen adjoining, and built by Keith in 1763. The pine door, in two folds, set in a solid oaken frame, is garnished with a wooden lock 14x8 inches, and is the same that locked out intruders when Washington occupied the house. The interior, finished in pine, remains unchanged, and one room has never been despoiled by the painter's brush. (5) Washington probably had the main front room downstairs for an office, and slept in the chamber over it. The property was purchased by William Keith 125 [150*] years ago of the London company, contains 240 acres, and has never been out of the family. The situation, on the south side of Jericho hill, is retired and pleasantly exposed to the sun. The Merrick house, a fourth of a mile away across the fields, on the road from Newtown to Neeley's mill, is a stone dwelling, 20 feet square, with a kitchen at the west end, and the farm was bought by Samuel Merrick in 1773, and now belongs to Edward, his descendant. When Green occupied it the first floor was divided into three rooms, now all thrown into one, and the family lived in the kitchen. As the house was recently build, and not yet finished, the general caused the walls of the room he occupied to be tastefully painted, with a picture of the rising sun over the fireplace. At this time Samuel Merrick had a family of half-grown children about him, who were deeply impressed with passing events, and whose descendants are full of traditions of the times. Greene purchased the confidence of his young daughter, Hannah, by the gift of a small tea canister, which was kept in the family many years. The Rhode Island blacksmith lived on the fat of the land while quartered with this Upper Makefield farmer, devouring his flock of turkeys, and monopolizing his only fresh cow, besides eating her calf. In return he allowed the family to use sugar from the barrel bought for his own mess. At the last supper before Trenton, when Washington was the guest of Greene, the daughter Hannah waited upon the table, and kept the plate from which he ate as a memento of the occasion. The Chapman mansion, the quarters of Knox and Hamilton, and now owned by Edward Johnson, on the opposite side of Jericho a mile from Brownsburg, is in excellent condition, and is the best house of the Revolutionary period we have seen in the county. Knox occupied the first floor of the east end, then divided into two rooms, but now all in one, 25x17 feet. Hamilton, then a captain of artillery, lay sick in the back room. The late Peter G. Cattell, who lived and died on an adjoining farm, used to relate that he saw Washington at Knox's quarters. (5) The above description of the Keith house is as we knew it 30 years ago, and described in the first edition of the "History of Bucks County," but since then the despoiler has been about. It has been modernized and several changes made inside and out, but the walls are the same. The front door is no longer fastened by the wooden lock and were Washington's spirit to come back it would not recognize the house.* The location of Washington's headquarters has given rise to considerable local discussion. It is claimed that he quartered at Newtown all the time his army lay on the west bank of the Delaware, but the evidence in the case is to the contrary. It does not appear that his headquarters were at Newtown until after the battle of Trenton, nor did he write a single official letter from there down to that time. To prove this we have but to trace his whereabouts from the time he crossed the Delaware, on the 8th, to his re-crossing on the 25th. On that and the following day his headquarters were at Trenton falls, where he still was on the 13th, when he wrote Congress: "I shall remove further up the river to be near the main body of my small army." He probably removed to Keith's on the 14th, where we know he was on the 15th and 16th, the latter day writing that many of his troops "are entirely naked, and most so thinly clad as to be unfit for service." The same day he and Greene rode up to Coryell's ferry. He was down at Trenton falls on the 20th, back at headquarters on the 22d, down again at camp at Trenton on the 24th, and back at headquarters on the 25th, to make the final preparations for Trenton. The headquarters of Washington do not appear to have traveled about with him, and when at other points, his letters were dated from "camp," "camp above Trenton falls," etc. When he was down at the falls on the 24th, Deputy-paymaster-general Dallam wrote him from Newtown, on public business; but if headquarters had been at Newtown the paymaster would have awaited the general's return in the evening, instead of writing him. Had he removed from the falls to Newtown on the 14th, when he advised Congress that he wished to be nearer to his small army, he would have been going in to the interior instead of up the river. At what time Washington first conceived the plan of re-crossing the river to attack the Hessians is not known. While the troops of Gates and Sullivan had increased his force sufficient to make the attempt, we are told he could yet find but 2,400 fit for the service. All the preparations were quietly made; the troops were selected and put in readiness, and a few days before Christmas, boats were collected at Knowles' cove, two miles above Taylorsville. Bancroft says that Washington wrote the watchword, "Victory or death," on the 23d, and he writes to Colonel Reed about that time, "Christmas-day, at night, one hour before day, is the time fixed upon for our attack on Trenton." The troops selected were those of New England, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, and among the officers chosen to accompany him were Green, Mercer, Sterling, Stephen, Sullivan, Knox, Hand, Monroe, and Hamilton, all trusted leaders. General Cadwalader was to cooperate below Bristol, by crossing and attacking the enemy's post at Mount Holly. The men were provided with three days' cooked rations, and 40 rounds of ammunition. Six days before, the first number of Paine's "American Crisis" was read to every regiment in Washington's army, which greatly aroused the spirits of the troops. Washington rode over to Merrick's, and took supper with Greene, the evening of December 24th, and no doubt Knox, Sterling, and Sullivan were there. The family was sent across the fields to spend the night at a neighbor's, so there would be no listeners to the council of war that destroyed British empire in America. A day or two before, a young man from down the river came with a message to Washington, who was put under guard until the truth should be known, and the frightened youth kept repeating to himself, "They may keep me here, but they will find it just as I told them." While Washington was making his final preparations to strike, everything was pleasant and serene within the enemy's lines. The Hessians spent a merry Christmas at Trenton, and the officers were invited to spend the evening at the house of Abraham Hunt, (6) a suspected Tory, where they made a night of it. A surprise by the demoralized Continentals had never been thought of, and no precautions were taken against it. General Grant at Princeton had heard of the intended attack, and advised Rahl, but the latter treated it with indifference. During the evening a Bucks county Tory crossed the river with a note to the Hessian commander, informing him of the attack on the morrow, but he was too busy just then to attend to such matters, and when it was handed to him, the note was put into his pocket, where it was found, unopened, after his death. On what a slender thread hung the destinies of the country! (6) General Stryker, in his exhaustive history of the "Battles of Trenton and Princeton," says: "Abraham Hunt was the rich merchant of the village, and its postmaster. He has been called a non-committal man. Patriots, it is said, feared he was not altogether true to the cause, for they knew their country's enemies ofttimes partook of his bounty. He has frequently been spoken of in history as a Tory, but it is never asserted that he took any active part against his county. On the contrary, at this very time, he held the commission of Lieutenant-Colonel in Colonel Isaac Smith's first regiment, Hunterdon county militia, and the State records do not show any stain upon his honor as an officer and a soldier. It has never been stated that he ever claimed protection from the British. His property does not appear to have been confiscated, which would have been done had he been a Tory, and he certainly was in the full enjoyment of it to the date of his death, long after the close of the war. He also retained his office as postmaster of the village under the national government for many years." This testimony seems conclusive that Abraham Hunt was a friend of the Colonies. It is probable Hunt was in the secret of Washington's intended attack, and the Christmas party may have been a "set up" job on the Hessians. The troops left their camps about three P.M. the afternoon of the 25th of December, and late in the day reached the place of rendezvous, at the mouth of Knowles' creek, where the crossing was to be made, and near which a house still stands which shows marks of its occupancy by the soldiers on this memorable occasion. The morning was clear and cold, but the night set in stormy with sleet; it commenced to snow about eleven, and the river ran strong with ice. At six P.M., Washington wrote to Cadwalader that, as the night "is favorable," he was determined to "cross the river and make the attack on Trenton in the morning." Wilkinson, who joined the army on the bank of the river, tracked the men by the blood from their feet on the frozen ground. During the day Lieutenant Monroe, with a piece of artillery, was sent across the river to the Pennington road, but joined the army in its march to Trenton next morning. The troops commenced crossing about sunset, and it was three in the morning before they were all over, with the artillery. Washington called Captain Blount to take the helm of the first boat, and James Slack, a young man of 20, son of Abraham Slack, who lived a mile above Yardleyville [Yardley*], William Green and David Lanning, all acquainted with boats, assisted to ferry the army across. The troops were formed on the bank of the river into two divisions and put in march, Washington, accompanied by Sterling, Green, Mercer, and Stephen, taking the upper, while Sullivan led the right column on the river road. The morning was cold and stormy, and the march was made in silence, the two divisions reaching the outposts of Trenton at nearly the same time. "Which way is the Hessian picket?" inquired Washington of a man chipping wood at his door, and the surly reply came back, "I don't know." You may tell," said Captain Forrest of the artillery, "for that is General Washington." The aspect of the man changed in a moment. Dropping his ax, and raising his hands to heaven, he exclaimed: "God bless and prosper your Excellency; the picket is in that house, and the sentry stands near that tree there." The attack was immediately made, to which there was but a feeble resistance, and the fruit of the morning's work was 1,040 prisoners, rank and file, 23 officers, 1,000 stands of arms and several cannon. The army, with the prisoners, re-crossed the river that afternoon, and the next day the captured Hessians were at Newtown, the officers quartered at the taverns, and the soldiers confined in the church and jail. There is a difference of opinion as to where the prisoners crossed the river, the accepted account stating that it was at McKonkey's ferry, while an equally reliable authority tells us they were crossed at Johnson's ferry, probably lower down, the officers remaining in the small ferry-house until morning, when Colonel Wheeden [Weedon*] conducted them to Newtown. (7) We can hardly believe that Washington would risk his prisoners in a flank march of nine miles when it was so evidently his policy to put the river between them and the enemy as quickly as possible. No doubt he crossed them at the nearest ferry where there were boats to carry them over. The officers signed their parole at Newtown on the 30th, and were conducted to Philadelphia, meanwhile visiting Lord Sterling, whom some of them had met while a prisoner on Long Island and calling to pay their respects to Washington, with whom four were invited to dine. (8) The rank and file were taken to Lancaster. Among the prisoners were a Hessian surgeon of middle age and a young English officer, who quartered at Doctor Jonathan Ingham's, near New Hope. The latter died of pleurisy, from a cold, but his body was afterward disinterred and taken to England. Washington came direct from Trenton to Newtown, arriving the evening of the 26th or the morning of the 27th, and took quarters in the house of John Harris, west of the creek, lately torn down by Alexander German, while the troops doubtless returned to their former camps and quarters. Washington remained at Newtown until the 29th, when he re-crossed the river with the same troops he had with him on the 26th, and inaugurated the skillful campaign that nearly relieved New Jersey of the enemy. The morning of his departure he presented to Mrs. Harris a silver teapot, which was kept in the family many years, but finally made into spoons. Lord Sterling was left in command at Newtown, the exposure in the recent attack on Trenton having aggravated his rheumatism and rendered him unfit for active duty. We have met with many traditions in connection with these operations, but few of them, on investigation, bear the light. Lossing tells, as sober history, that Mercer, whose headquarters he fixes at Keith's, related to Mrs. Keith the day he left for Trenton, a remarkable dream he had the night before, of being overpowered by a great black bear, and as he was shortly afterward killed at Princeton, it was taken as a warning of his death, but, as Mrs. Keith died in 1772 we are justified in saying that Lossing's story is a myth. During these trying events the militia of Bucks county were frequently called into service, but they did not always respond as cheerfully as the good cause demanded. At the close of December 1776, when ordered to turn out, 49 men of Captain John Jamison's company, of Warwick, refused to march, 22 of Thomas Wier's, of Warrington, 67 of William McCalla's, of Plumstead, 39 of Robert Sample's, of Buckingham, and 22 of Captain Lott's company, of Solebury. General Putnam states that after the battle of Princeton some militia companies deserted bodily, and he mentions one case in which the whole company ran away except "a lieutenant and a lame man." (7) Johnson's ferry was below Yardley, about half way to Trenton, and little, if any, used at the present time.* (8) December 27, 1776 - "Here we are back in our camp with the prisoners and trophies. Washington is keeping his promise; the soldiers (Hessians) are in the Newtown meeting-house and other buildings. He has just given directions for tomorrow's dinner. All the captured Hessian officers are to dine with him. He bears the Hessians no malice, but says they have been sold by their Grand Duke to King George and sent to America, when if they could have their own way they would be peaceably living in their own country." From Diary of an officer on Washington's staff. The active scenes of warfare were now removed from our county. When the state government was put into operation under the constitution of 1776, the Legislature took steps to strengthen the hands of the civil authorities. June 13, 1777, an act was passed compelling every inhabitant to subscribe an oath of allegiance, which met with general compliance. 3,250 took the oath in all, of which 2,874 subscribed it while the war was in progress. The first oath was taken by William Folwell, of Southampton, before Joseph Hart, a justice of Warminster, and before whom 690 subscribed. Among the subscribers we find the well-known names of Hart, Cornell, Bennet, Kroesen, Vanhorne, Dungan, Davis, Thompson, Shaw, Morris, James, Chapman, Foulke, Kulp, Overpeck, Transue, Fulmer, Beans, Jamison, Dyer, Hogeland, Ingham, Applebach, Harvey, and many others whose names are now prominent in the county. The oath of allegiance was followed by the test-oath, with pains and penalties, and the refusal to subscribe it disabled persons following certain pursuits, among others that of teaching school. The violent opposition of the Friends caused it repeal. The county courts met the first time September 9, 1777, when Henry Wynkoop, of Newtown, the presiding justice, delivered an able charge to the grand jury, appropriate to the new order of things. When spring opened it was thought the Delaware would again become the scene of conflict, in the attempt of the enemy to reach Philadelphia. General Arnold was put in command of the river the 14th of June, and all the fords and crossings were placed in a state of security. At the request of Washington, President Wharton of this State caused accurate drafts of the river and its approaches to be made; and boats were collected at New Hope and above for the passage of the army. During the spring and summer several calls were made upon the Bucks county militia. In April she furnished 500 men for the camp of instruction at Bristol, and in July the battalions of Colonel John Gill and Lieutenant-colonel McMaster were ordered to Billingsport, New Jersey, and received the thanks of the authorities for their good conduct. In September every able-bodied man was ordered to turn out, and those who had not arms were to take axes, spades, and every kind of entrenching tools. The county frequently furnished wagons, and at one time her farmers supplied the Continental army with 4,000 bushels of grain for horse feed. [An old court record shows that a draft was made on Bucks county for 50 wagons, but the absence of the date prevents us knowing when. It might possibly have been in some of the previous Indian disturbances. The warrants issued were as follows: 2 Bristol township 3 Buckingham 2 Bensalem 2 Bedminster 2 Falls 3 Middletown 2 Lower Makefield 2 Milford 2 Upper Makefield 2 Hilltown 2 Newtown 2 New Britain 2 Northampton 2 Nockamixon 2 Durham 2 Plumstead 2 Richland 2 Rockhill 2 Southampton 2 Springfield and Haycock 2 Tinicum 1 Warminster 1 Warrington 2 Warwick 2 Wrightstown. This was no new thing in colonial times.*] When the British sailed south from New York, in July 1777, the Continental army again crossed the Delaware into Bucks county. Washington, with Green's division, reached Coryell's ferry the night of the 29th, and one brigade crossed over before morning. General Stephen, with two divisions, crossed at Howell's ferry, four miles above, and Lord Sterling at Trenton. The troops which crossed at Coryell's and Howell's, composing the bulk of the army, were put in march down the York road the morning of the 31st of July, Washington setting out for Philadelphia at the same time, where we find him the 3d of August, and whence he joined the army at Germantown before the 6th. On the supposition that the enemy had returned to New York, the army retraced its steps and [we find it at the Neshaminy, on the York road just above the present Hartsville, then the Cross Roads,*] on Sunday evening, the 10th of August. Here it was halted by an [order of Congress.*] It remained encamped on the Neshaminy hills 13 days, and until it was known that the enemy was about to land at the head of the Elk. [While the Continental army lay at Neshaminy its strength was about 11,000, composed of four divisions, Greene's, Sterling's, Stephen's and Lincoln's, divided into eight brigades, Maxwell, Scott, Weedon, Muhlenburg, Wayne, Woodford, Nash and Conway. The main body was encamped on the slopes of Carr's hill facing southwest, the rest occupying the Jamison and Ramsey farms a mile down the Bristol road, and here the cattle were slaughtered. The Neshaminy church was probably used for an hospital. The location made an admirable camping ground, surrounded by a fertile and healthy country and peopled by a loyal Scotch-Irish population. The officers on duty here were the elite of the Continental army. While Lafayette had witnessed previously a review of the army near Germantown, there is no evidence he reported for duty prior to the Neshaminy encampment. Here he first sat at the council board and took an active part in military duty. Washington had his headquarters in what was then the "Moland" house, a stone dwelling, still standing on the east side of the York road 100 yards north of the bridge over Neshaminy. On the opposite side of the road was the whipping post. At the time the "Cross Roads" had three or four dwellings, and a tavern on the northwest corner, opposite the present one, and the general landmarks were the same as present.*] The army was again put in motion down the York road, on the morning of the 23d, and the next day marched through Philadelphia and across the Schuylkill to meet the enemy on the disastrous field of Brandywine. The approach of the British army caused great alarm in this section of country, which Washington's defeat and the fall of Philadelphia greatly increased. Lafayette, who was wounded at Brandywine, was taken to Chester and thence conveyed up the Delaware to Bristol, en route for Bethlehem. He stayed overnight at Bristol at the public house of Simon Betz, and was waited on by his niece, Mrs. Charles Bessonette. From Bristol, Lafayette traveled up the Durham road in an easy carriage to his destination, stopping on his way at Four Lanes End, Newtown, Stoffel Wagner's tavern, built, 1752, a mile above Hellertown and other points. At Bethlehem he occupied the house owned in recent years by Ambrose Rauch, on Main street west of the Sun Inn, and torn down 1872. During the British occupancy of Philadelphia the country between the Schuylkill and the Delaware was debatable ground, and was traversed by armed parties of both armies. The enemy made frequent incursions into Bucks. On the night of February 18, 1777, the cavalry companies of Hovenden and Thomas, both Bucks county Tories, made a raid on Newtown, where they captured a considerable quantity of cloth being made up for the Continental army, and made prisoners of Major Murray, three other officers and 26 soldiers of the guard, besides killing and wounding nine. On another occasion, hearing of a drove of cattle en route for the hungry Continentals at Valley Forge, the enemy's horse pounced upon them and captured the whole herd, and in April a party of horse went up to Bristol and captured Colonel Penrose and several other officers. They made frequent excursions in armed barges up the Delaware to plunder. In one of these they threw a six-pound shot in the house of Peter Williamson, father of the late Mahlon Williamson, of Philadelphia, which stood on the site of Beverly, New Jersey. It passed just over the cradle of the infant Mahlon and rolled harmlessly on the floor. On another occasion they came up the river and burnt the handsome mansion of Colonel Joseph Kirkbride, of Falls, a warm friend of the colonies. This debatable ground was entrusted to the command of General John Lacey, but he never had sufficient force to protect it from the incursions of the enemy, or to prevent the disaffected going into the city. The high price paid by the enemy for all kinds of produce appealed strongly to the cupidity of the Tories, who crossed the line with their wallets filled with butter, eggs, etc., at every opportunity. Many were caught in this disreputable and illegal traffic, and among them is mentioned one Tyson, of Bedminster, whose horse and marketing were confiscated while he was tied to a tree, still standing near Branchtown, and battered with his own eggs. (See illustration of Col. Joseph Kirkbride) General Lacey frequently had his headquarters at Doylestown and this was his depot of stores. We find him here March 19, 1778, and copy the following from his order book: "Parole, Salem; countersign, Wilmington; officer of the day tomorrow, Major Mitchel; detail, three captains, three sergeants, four corporals and 48 privates. Officers of all grades are cautioned not to quarter out of camp." Lacey and his men did not want for the good things of life while soldiering in Bucks county. The receipts of the purchasing commissary cover payments for veal, beef, flour, mutton, whiskey, not a rifled article, turkeys and fowls. His troops, while encamped at the Crooked Billet, now Hatboro, were surprised by the British at daylight May 1, 1778, and it was only by boldness and good management that he was able to prevent the capture of his entire force. Spies, well acquainted with the situation, had given General Howe full information, who sent out strong detachments of cavalry and infantry. They took possession of all the roads, closing in upon Lacey, his camp was almost surrounded before their presence was known. Extricating his command he retreated across Warminster toward the Neshaminy. When it became evident that the enemy intended to evacuate Philadelphia, Washington requested the militia of Bucks county to hang upon his flanks in his march through New Jersey, and General Lacey (9) ordered the battalions of Colonels Keller, Roberts, Toms, and McIlvain to turn out for this service. [Colonel Joseph McIlvain died February 17, 1787, and was buried in St. James's yard, Bristol.*] (9) Sally Wister has the following to say, in connection with General Lacey, in her "Journal" of June 1778: "No new occurrence to relate. Almost adventureless, except General Lacey's riding by and his fierce horse disdaining to go without showing his airs, in expectation of drawing the attention of the mill girls, in order to glad his master's eyes. Ha! ha! ha! One would have imagined that vanity would have been buried with the shades of North Wales. Lacey is tolerable, but, as ill luck would order it, I had been busy and my auburn ringlets were much disheveled, therefore I did not glad his eyes, and can not set down on the list of honors received, that of a bow from Brigadier-General Lacey." As Lacey was a young and handsome man, and single, doubtless the young ladies were pleased to have a bow from him.* [In the spring of 1858, the late Safety Maghee, of Northampton township, then 93 years old, related to the author what he had seen in connection with the battle of the Crooked Billet, when a boy of 13. He said: "In 1778 I was living with my uncle, Thomas Folwell, Southampton, in the house where Cornell Hobensack lives, on the road from Davisville to Southampton church. On the morning of the battle I heard the firing very distinctly and a black man named Harry and myself concluded we would go and see what was going on. We started from the house and went directly toward where the firing was. When we came near where Johnsville now stands, we heard a heavy volley which brought us to a halt. The firing was in the woods. The British were in pursuit of our militia and chased them along the road that leads from Johnsville to the Bristol road, and also through the fields from the Street road to the Bristol road. They overtook the militia in the woods at the corner of the Street road and the one that leads across to the Bristol road. When the firing had ceased, we continued on to the woods, where we found three wounded militiamen near the road. They appeared to have been wounded by the sword, and were much cut and hacked. When we got to them they were groaning greatly. They died in a little while and I understood were buried on the spot. They appeared to be Germans. We then passed on and in a field nearby we saw two horses lying dead. They were British. One of them was shot in the head and the gun had been put so near the hair was scorched. While we were on the field, Harry picked up a cartouch box that had been dropped or torn off the wearer. Shortly after we met the militia returning and when they saw the black fellow with the cartouch box they became very indignant; charged him with robbing the dead, and took it away from him. These dead horses were on the farm of Colonel Joseph Hart. Soon after this we returned home. The last man was killed on the British road at the end of the road that comes across from Johnsville. A British officer, who was badly wounded at the battle of the Billet, was taken to the house of Samuel Irvin, who lived nearby. His wounds were dressed there and he afterward returned with the troop to Philadelphia."*] Washington put the Continental army in march from Valley Forge, after a six months' residence upon its bleak hills, the 18th of June, to pursue the enemy in his retreat toward New York. General Lee, with six brigades, led the advance, via Doylestown to New Hope, where he crossed the night of the 20th, and Washington encamped at Doylestown the same evening with the main body. The weather was very stormy, and the army remained here until the next afternoon, occupying three encampments: on the south side of S tate street, west of Main, on the ridge east of the Presbyterian church, and along the New Hope pike east of the borough mill. Washington pitched his tent near the dwelling of Jonathan Fell, (10) now John G. Mann's farmhouse, and General Lafayette quartered at the house of Thomas Jones, New Britain, whose best bed was a little too short for the tall young Frenchman. The army was accompanied by some warriors of the Seneca nation, seeking the release of a captured chief, and attended by some friendly Oneidas and Tuscaroras. The army resumed its march for the Delaware the afternoon of the 21st, and crossed at New Hope the next day. While passing Paxson's corner a soldier shot the button from the top of a young pine, and the wound can still be seen [until the tree blew down a few years ago.*] (10) While Washington quartered at Jonathan Fell's, he regulated the movements of the troops by the tall clock that stood in the hall or adjoining room. This clock has fortunately come down to the present generation, and keeps the same accurate time as 125 years ago. It is owned by William Jenks Fell, great-grandson of Jonathan; has always been in the family, and now stands in the hall of his residence at Faulkland, Delaware. The clock was presented by Dr. John Watson, son of Thomas Watson, the original settler, to his daughter Elizabeth on her marriage to John Fell, 8 mo. 1738, and, by her will, bequeathed to her son, Jonathan Fell, the owner when Washington was his guest, 1778.* From this time forward the stirring and active scenes of the war were removed to distant parts of the country. General Lacey was still in command in this county, keeping a watchful eye on the disaffected, now and then making an important arrest. In the summer of 1780 Bucks county sent her quota of militia to the camp at Trenton, in view of an attack upon New York, and the following year, when Philadelphia was again threatened, there was a concentration of troops at Newtown, under General James Irvine. In September 1781 the French and American armies, in march to meet Cornwallis in Virginia, passed through the lower end of the county. They crossed the Delaware at Trenton and the neighboring ferried on the morning of the 1st, and the same afternoon passed the Neshaminy at the rope ferry, encamping at the Red Lion in Bensalem that evening, and the next day marched through Philadelphia. The robbery of the county treasury at Newtown by the Doanes and their confederates, in the fall of 1781, was one of the exciting events of the day. John Hart, then treasurer, lived in the house that lately belonged to Abraham Bond, in the lower part of the village. Early in the evening Moses Doane rode through the town to see if the situation were favorable, and about ten o'clock the house of the treasurer was surrounded, and Mr. Hart made prisoner. While sentinels kept watch outside, and over the treasurer, others of the gang ransacked the house. Then, obtaining the keys of the treasurer's office, and one of them putting on Mr. Hart's hat, and carrying his lighted lantern, as was the treasurer's wont, the robbers went to th office, where they stole all the public money to be found. They got, in all, £735. 17s. 19-1/2d. in specie, and £1,307 in paper. That night they divided the spoils at the Wrightstown schoolhouse. The story of the Doanes is both romantic and tragic. They were the sons of respectable Quaker parents, of Plumstead, and during the war, became celebrated for their evil deeds. These five brothers were men of remarkable physical development, tall strong, athletic, and all fine horsemen. Before the war they were men of good reputation, and it is said proposed to remain neutral. Living in a Scotch-Irish settlement, faithful to a man to the cause of Independence, the young Doanes were not allowed to take a middle course, and soon they espoused the cause of the crown, which engendered a bitter feeling between them and their Whig neighbors. They began their career by robbing and plundering in the neighborhood, gradually extending their field of operations in this and neighboring counties. They finally became outlaws with a price upon their heads. They were the terror of the country, and occupied themselves in stealing horses, plundering houses, etc., but we believe the crime of murder was never imputed to them. They had many narrow escapes, and now and then some one of them fell into the hands of the authorities, but generally managed to escape. Joseph broke jail while awaiting trial at Newtown, and escaped to New Jersey, and after teaching school awhile, fled to Canada. Near the close of the war Abraham and Mahlon were apprehended in Chester county and hanged at Philadelphia. Moses, the leader of the outlaw brothers, met a more tragic end. In the latter part of the summer of 1783, the Doanes went to the house of one Halsey, living in a cabin on Geddes run, Plumstead, and asked for something to eat, and Halsey sent his son to a neighboring mill to get flour. On the miller hesitating, the boy said the Doanes were at his father's house and they would pay. The miller sent word to a vendue in the neighborhood, that the Doanes were at Halsey's, when a party of 14 armed and mounted men, led by William and Samuel Hart and Major Kennedy, started to capture them. The cabin was surrounded. The two Harts, Kennedy, and a Grier were selected to enter it, and on approaching, saw through the chinks of the logs the Doanes eating at a table, with their guns standing near. William Hart opened the door, commanded them to surrender, when they seized their arms and fired. One of their bullets knocked a splinter from Grier's gun which struck Kennedy in the back, giving him a mortal wound. Hart seized Moses Doane, threw him down and secured him, when Robert Gibson rushed into the cabin and shot Doane in the breast, killing him instantly. The other two brothers escaped. Colonel Hart carried the body of the dead outlaw to his residence, and laid it on the kitchen floor until morning, when he sent it to his unhappy father. Joseph Doane spent the balance of his life in Canada, where he died at an advanced age. Sixty years ago he returned to the county to claim a small inheritance, when he met and became reconciled with the Shaws and other families who had felt the wrath of himself and brothers during the troublous days of the Revolution. The marines on board Commodore Barney's ship, the Hyder Ali, were Bucks country riflemen, and behaved in the most gallant manner in the desperate action with the General Monk, April 26, 1782. The life of the Commodore, written by his widow, says: "One of these brave fellows, who was much better acquainted with the use of his rifle than with the rules of subordination, called out to Captain Barry, with a coolness of tone and familiarity of manner that evinced anything but intended disrespect, "Captain, do you see that fellow with the white hat? and firing as he spoke, Captain Barry saw the poor fellow 'with the white hat' make a spring at least three feet from the deck, and fall to rise no more. 'Captain,' continued the marksman, 'that's the third fellow I've made hop.' It was found that every man of the enemy who was killed by the small arms was shot in the breast or head, so true and deadly was the aim of the Bucks county riflemen." A number of persons in this county joined the British army and drew their swords against their country. Among these were Edward Jones, of Hilltown, who raised a company of cavalry in that township and New Britain; Evan Thomas, of the same township, commanded a company in Simcoe's Rangers, was in the attack on Lacey at the Crooked Billet, went with Arnold to Virginia in 1780, and was among the prisoners at Yorktown. After the war he removed his family to New Brunswick, where he died. Joseph Swift, who was known as handsome but stuttering Joe Swift, son of John Swift, of Bensalem, who was an officer of the British army before the war, re-entered the service as captain of horse in the Pennsylvania Loyalists. He lost his estate, and died in Philadelphia in 1826. Thomas Sandford, who commanded a company of Bucks county dragoons, was a captain in the British Legion, and Walter Willett, of Southampton, was also a lieutenant of cavalry in the same corps. Enoch, a son of Cadwallader Morris, and Thomas Lewis, of New B ritain, joined the British army in 1778, and settled in Nova Scotia. A number of others entered the military service of the enemy, but they did not reach distinction enough to be remembered in history. Joseph Galloway, of this county, one of the most prominent men in the province, joined the enemy, but never took up arms against his countrymen. Under the confiscation act of March 6, 1778, a number of persons in this county lost their estates for remaining loyal to the British crown. Among these may be mentioned: Gilbert Hicks and Joseph Paxson of Middletown John Ellwood and Andrew Allen of Bristol Samuel Biles and Walter Willett of Southampton Richard Swanwick, John Meredith and Owen Roberts of New Britain Evan Thomas, Jonathan Jones and Edward Jones of Hilltown Peter Perlie of Durham John Reid and John Overholtz [Overholz*] of Tinicum. Some of these estates were valuable, that of John Reid containing 1,412 acres. A considerable amount of money was realized to the treasury from these sales. A record in the surveyor-general's office, Harrisburg, contains the names of 26 Bucks countians who were required to purge themselves of treason to prevent confiscation, but probably only few of them were proceeded against. The commissioners for this county under, the confiscation act, were George Wall, Jr., Richard Gibbs, John Crawford, and Benjamin Siegel [Siegels*]. The war bore with great severity upon those who would not take up arms, or submit to all the unjust exactions of the period. Among others, Joseph Smith, a son of Timothy, of Buckingham, the inventor of the iron mould-board, and a consistent Friend, was committed to Newtown jail. He whiled away his prison hours in whittling out models of his iron mould-board plows, which he threw over the jail wall. They excited so much interest among the military officers, to whom they were shown, that they asked to see the ingenious prisoner, and were much interested in his explanations of the benefits the iron mould-board would confer upon the farmer. He lived to see his anticipations fully realized. The case of Thomas Watson, a Friend, of Buckingham, was one of still greater hardship. Hay had become exceedingly scarce in the winter of 1778 and 1779, by reason of some detachments of troops being encamped in his vicinity. He saved a stack which he intended to distribute among his less fortunate neighbors, but which the landlord at Centreville wanted to buy with worthless Continental money. Mr. Watson refused to sell, but told the landlord if he would come the day the stack was opened he would receive a share of it without price. This did not suit this pretended patriot. Find ing out the price of the hay, he offered it to Mr. Watson, who refused it. The landlord immediately caused his arrest, on the charge that he had refused to sell his hay for paper money, and he was confined in the Newtown jail. He was tried by court martial, sentenced to be hanged, and all efforts to obtain his pardon failed. At last Mr. Watson's wife appeared before Lord Sterling, then in command, at a time when his nature was softened by good cheer, provided purposely by the landlady of the tavern where he boarded, and her appeal was more successful. He withstood her eloquence as long as he could, when he raised her to her feet and said, "Madam, you have conquered, I must relent at the tears, and supplication of so noble and so good a woman as you. Your husband is saved." [The following data, from the Pennsylvania Archives, first series, vols. 4, 5 and 6, may assist the student of Revolutionary history in finding what he may be looking for: Vol. 4, page 702, 9, 25: Letters of Henry Wynkoop, Bucks county, to Committee of Safety, 1776; Saltpeter, Bucks county powder mills, resolutions of Bucks county on war measures, 1776. Vol. 5, page 31: Tory election, Newtown, Bucks county, 1776. Page 83: Resolution of Real Whigs, 1776. Page 95: General Cadwalader at Trenton Ferry, 1776. Page 108: Bristol Camp, Bucks county militia, 1776. Page 115: Resolved by Council of Safety, that General Washington issue orders for militia of Bucks county forthwith to join his army. Page 125: Value of Penn. Currency. Page 157: Letter of Lord Sterling, Newtown, January 4, 1777. Page 166, 175, do, January 6 and 8, 1777. Page 321: Colonial Court books taken from Isaac Hicks, Newtown, February 22, 1777. First and second class militia, Bucks county, directed to camp at Bristol, 1777. Page 331: Great difficulty in securing substitutes. Page 334: one-half of quota made up of substitutes. Page 369: First class at Coryell's Ferry. Page 375: Report on fording places in the Delaware. Page 405: Driving of cattle, June 25, 1777. Page 441: Fords on the Delaware. Pages 459-471: Militia ordered to Chester to meet expected approach of General Howe. Page 463: Bucks county militia at Billingsport. Page 530: General Conway writes from Warminster camp, Bucks county, August 17, 1777. Page 545: Driving of cattle. Page 549: Third class militia called. Page 558: Militia returns from Billingsport. Page 615: The third and fourth class called out. Page 711: Price of wheat, Indian corn, rye, beef, pork, etc. Vol. 6, page 100: Letters from Major-General Armstrong to President Wharton, Lancaster, concerning usefulness of militia, Page 116: Proclamation of Washington; defense of counties of Philadelphia and Bucks during General Howe's occupancy of Philadelphia. Pages 92, 107, 146, 187: Goods (clothing) seized in Great Swamp, Bucks county. Page 227: Col. Coates hopes Friends may turn out in defense of their country. Pages 261-62-63: Capture of Colonel Coates; inroads of British in Bucks county. Page 265: Militia reduced to 60 men. Page 266: Prisoners captured up Newtown road. Page 280: Constant alarms in lower part of Bucks county. Page 285: Raid of Tory Lighthorse into Bucks county. Page 291: Washington on the raid. Page 323: Resolution of Congress, 1778, to organize troop of lighthorse. Page 595: Renewal of ravages of Tories on Bucks county. Pages 596-7-9, 600, 605: Examination of Garret Vansant, etc., June 15, 1778. The author is indebted to Mr. Winfield L. Margerum, Philadelphia, for this interesting data.*] End of Chapter XL [or XI 1905 edition*]