HISTORY: Warner Beers, 1886, Part 2, Chapter 6, Cumberland County, PA Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by Judy Bookwalter Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/ ______________________________________________________________________ History of Cumberland and Adams Counties, Pennsylvania. Containing History of the Counties, Their Townships, Towns, Villages, Schools, Churches, Industries, Etc.; Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men; Biographies; History of Pennsylvania; Statistical and Miscellaneous Matter, Etc., Etc. Illustrated. Chicago: Warner, Beers & Co., 1886. http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/beers/beers.htm ______________________________________________________________________ PART II. HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER VI. MILITARY CONTINUED - CARLISLE BARRACKS - CUMBERLAND COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. IN 1777, by the aid of the Hessian prisoners captured by Gen. Washington at Trenton, New Jersey, certain buildings were erected in the edge of Carlisle, and known thereafter as "Carlisle Barracks." Of the buildings thus constructed, one, situated at the main entrance to the ground and known as the "Guard House" still remains. These buildings, increased as necessity demanded, were used for military purposes afterward till they were diverted to their present purpose for the Indian Industrial School. The officials who, from time to time were stationed at the Barracks, constituted an active element of Carlisle society, and subsequently figured conspicuously in the war of the Rebellion. The following officers served as commanders of Carlisle Barracks from 1838 to the commencement of the Rebellion, the facts being obtained from the War Department at Washington: Capt. E. V. Sumner, Capt. R. S. Dix, Second Lieut. A. J. Smith and First Lieut. R. H. West, First Dragoons; First Lieut. W. H. Saunders, Second Dragoons; Maj. C. Wharton, First Dragoons; Capt. J. M. Washington, First Lieut. J. W. Phelps and Lieut. Col. M. M. Payne, Fourth Artillery; Capt. Chas. A. May and First Lieut. A. Pleasonton, Second Dragoons; First Lieut. R. C. W. Radford, First Dragoons; Lieut.- Col. P. St. G. Cooke and First Lieut. R. H. Anderson, Second Dragoons; Capt. A. J. Smith, First Dragoons; Capt Chas. F. Ruff, Mounted Rifles; Col. E. A. Hitchcock, Capt. Geo. W. Patten, Capt. D. Davidson, Capt. C. S. Lovell, Capt. S. P. Heintzelman and Capt. H. W. Wessells, Second Infantry; Lieut.-Col. C. F. Smith and Col. E. B. Alexander, Tenth Infantry, Lieut.-Col. G. B. Crittenden and First Lieut. Julian May, R. M. Rifles; Capt. R. H. Anderson, Second Dragoons; First Lieut. D. H. Maury, R. M. Rifles; First Lieut. K. Garrard, Second Cavalry; First Lieut. Alfred Gibbs, R. M. Rifles; Maj. L. P. Graham, Second Dragoons. Of the foregoing, it will be observed that Sumner, A. J. Smith, Pleasonton and Heintzelman were major-generals during the Rebellion, and held prominent positions in the Union Army; R. H. Anderson was a major-general in the Confederate service, and commanded a division of Hill's Corps at the Battle of Gettysburg. Cumberland County, like other portions of the Cumberland Valley and the Keystone State, always responded to any call which sought to defend the Nation against any foes, external or internal. When the wires announced that a portion of this country had raised the puny arm of revolt, and that the National flag had been insulted by those whom it had previously protected and honored, its citizens were fired with indignation, and responded, with patriotic alacrity, to the call of President Lincoln, but recently installed as the legally elected President of this great commonwealth, for 75,000 men to protect public property and maintain the supremacy of the Federal Union. The firing on Fort Sumter in April, 1861, and the surrender of Gen. Anderson to over- 110 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. whelming forces of secessionists, stirred the patriotic heart of the country. In response to the President's call for 75,000 men to serve for three months, some three companies proffered their services within a week from the issuing of the proclamation. One of these companies, with 100 brave men, started from Carlisle Saturday, April 13, and reached Harrisburg, the place of rendezvous, to be mustered, on the 23d instant. Three other companies in Carlisle and one in Mechanicsburg were awaiting orders to march to the front in a short time. By the 9th of June, they were mustered into reserve regiments, and shortly participated in the severest engagements of that early period of the Rebellion. Sumner Rifles. - The first company was the Sumner Rifles with the following organization: Captain, Christian Kuhns; first lieutenant, Augustus Zug; second lieutenant, John B. Alexander; sergeants, John S. Lyne, Barnet Shafer, John W. Keeney and John S. Low; corporals, Charles F. Sanno, Charles H. Foulk, Thomas D. Caldwell and John T. Sheaffer. It became Company C of the Ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, under the command of Col. Henry C. Longnecker, of Allentown. Eleven days after its muster into service, viz., May 4, this regiment was sent for drill purposes to West Chester, where it remained in Camp Wayne till the 26th, when it was transferred to Wilmington, Del., to aid the loyal people of that State. Returning by way of Carlisle June 6, it was attached at Chambersburg to the Fourth Brigade of First Division, under Col. Dixon S. Miles. It performed faithful duty in West Virginia, in the region of Martinsburg, Falling Waters and Williamsport, till July 21, when its term of service having almost expired, it returned to Harrisburg to be mustered out. Many of its men re-entered the service for a longer period. A second company of three months' men was that enlisted at Mechanicsburg with the following organization: Captain, Jacob Dorsheimer; first lieutenant, David H. Kimmell; second lieutenant, Isaac B. Kauffman; sergeants, George M. Parsons, Benjamin Dull, Samuel F. Swartz and David R. Mell; corporals, Theophilus Mountz, Wm. H. Crandall, John G. Bobb, and Levi M. Coover. It was designated Company C, and was attached to the Sixteenth Regiment, under Col. Thomas A. Zeigle of York. It also belonged to the Fourth Brigade under Col. Miles, and had the same experiences as the company from Carlisle. When its term of service had expired, it was the first company from the Keystone State to re-enlist. RESERVE REGIMENTS. First Reserve. On the 20th of April, 1861, Gov. And. G. Curtin recommended to the Special Legislature of Pennsylvania, "the immediate organization, disciplining and arming of at least fifteen regiments of cavalry and infantry, exclusive of those called into the service of the United States." In harmony with this suggestion, a law was passed, authorizing a body of soldiers known as the "Reserve Volunteers Corps of the Commonwealth," to consist of thirteen regiments of infantry and one each of cavalry and artillery, and to be mustered for three years or during the war, for State or National service. Under this call, the Carlisle Light Infantry, in existence since 1784, was reorganized and mustered in June 8, 1861, with the following commissioned and non-commissioned officers: Captain, Robert McCartney; first lieutenant, Joseph Stuart; second lieutenant, Thomas P. Dwynn; sergeants, John A. Waggoner, Andrew J. Reighter, Robert McManus and Abram Heiser; corporals, John A. Blair, William Corbett, Frederick Deemer, Frederick K. Morrison and Daniel Askew. 111 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. Capt. McCartney resigning in August, 1861, his position was taken in October following by Lieut. Dwynn, who was killed at South Mountain September 14, 1862. His successor was F. B. McManus, who retained command till the company was mustered out, June 13, 1864. Lieut. Joseph Stuart was killed at Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862, and was succeeded by John A. Crowl, who was promoted from the ranks through the intermediate grades. The Carlisle Guards, a second organization, was mustered June 10, with the following officers: Captain, Lemuel Todd; first lieutenant, George W. Cropp; second lieutenant, Isaiah H. Graham; sergeants, Wm. B. Wolf, James Broderick, Robert B. Smiley, George A. Keller; corporals, T. B. Kauffman, Isaac Gorgas, J. T. Bailey and Levi H. Mullen. These companies became Companies H and I respectively, of the Thirtieth Regiment, under the command of E. Biddle Roberts, colonel; H. M. McIntyre, lieutenant-colonel, and Lemuel Todd, major. The promotion of Capt. Todd to the majorship gave the position of captain to George W. Cropp. The place was subsequently filled, also, by T. B. Kauffman and Isaiah Graham. After the battle of Bull Run, the Thirtieth Regiment was ordered to Washington, but stopping at Annapolis, it performed each efficient service in guarding railroad communication and preventing the smuggling of supplies into the South, as to elicit special mention by Gen. John A. Dix. On August 30, the regiment was sent, via Washington, to Tennallytown, Md., where it united with other reserves under Gen. McCall. During the autumn and winter of 1861, it engaged in the Virginia campaign, near Dranesville, Manassas Junction and Fredericksburg. In the engagements at Mechanicsville and Gaines' Mill, during the Peninsular campaign of 1862, the command suffered heavily, losing some fourteen killed and about fifty wounded. Among the former was Lieut. Stuart of Company H. Subsequently, at Centreville and South Mountain, the regiment met its former foes and achieved new successes. The same year it engaged in the severely contested battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, and the following year was a part of the grand army which, at Gettysburg, turned the fate of the Confederacy July 1-3, 1863. Its services continued with the Army of the Potomac through the campaign of 1863 and early 1864 till June 13, when it was mustered out at Philadelphia. Its muster-rolls, originally, had 1,084 men. Of this number, 139 were lost by sickness and death on the field of battle, 233 were wounded, 258 were discharged for disability, and 148 re-enlisted as veterans. Seventh Reserve. - A company known as the Carlisle Fencibles, was ready for service in April, 1861. With a beautiful satin flag, bearing the motto, "May God Defend the Right," the gift of Mrs. Samuel Alexander, grand-daughter of Col. Ephraim Blaine, the company left Carlisle, on June 6, for Westchester, its organization consisting of the following officers: Captain, Robert M. Henderson; first lieutenant, James S. Colwell; second lieutenant, Erkwries Beatty; orderly sergeant, John D. Adair. Capt. Henderson, wounded both at Charles City Cross Roads and Bull Run, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, July 4, 1862, his position being filled by Lieut. J. S. Colwell. The latter being killed at Antietam, September 17, 1862, Lieut. Beatty became captain, Samuel V. Ruby and D. W. Burkholder became first and second lieutenants, respectively. Almost simultaneous with the organization of this company, one was raised at Mechanicsburg, with Joseph Totten as captain; Jacob T. Zug, as first and Geo. W. Comfort as second lieutenant, and John W. Cook as first sergeant Capt. Totten was promoted to lieutenant-colonel soon after the departure of the company, and was followed by Henry I. Zinn, who, resigning November 30, 112 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. was succeeded by Samuel King. The latter remained with the company till it was mustered out June 16, 1864. Jacob Zug lost an arm by a wound December 30, 1862, when he resigned as first lieutenant and was followed by Jacob Heffelfinger. George W. Comfort was killed at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. Those companies, on their arrival at Camp Wayne, became Companies A and H of the Seventh Regiment of Reserves, whose officers were: Colonel Elisha B. Harvey, of Wilkes Barre; lieutenant-colonel, Joseph Totten; major, Chauncey A. Lyman, of Lock Haven. The regiment was ordered to report to Washington, D. C., where on the 27th of July, it was mustered into the United States Service, and finally attached to the Brigade of Reserves under command of Gen. George G. Meade. Having spent the autumn and winter in northern Virginia, the regiment was given active service in the Peninsular campaign. At. Gaines' Mill it was called upon to meet an impetuous attack on Butterfield's artillery. Though met by overwhelming numbers it saved the caissons, Capt. King, however, being taken prisoner with twenty of his men. The loss of the regiment was large, embracing about one-half of its effective force. In the succeeding seven days' fighting, June 26 to July 2, it was continually occupying posts of danger and death, the muster revealing the fact that the loss was 301, embracing, among the wounded, Capt. Henderson and Lieuts. Zug and Beatty, and that only about 200 of the men who started on the campaign were ready for duty. Promotions changed the stations of officers, and Capt. Henderson became lieutenant-colonel. In August following this brigade was sent to the Rappahannock, and joined to the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by Gen. Pope. At Groveton, after two days' severe skirmishing, the regiment was engaged in a spirited battle, with heavy loss and the wounding of Col. Henderson. It followed the Army of the Potomac again, under command of Gen. McClellan, the successor of Pope, to Washington; thence through western Maryland to South Mountain and Antietam. At the latter place (September 17), the Seventh took an important part, but suffered heavily in killed and wounded. The explosion of a shell either killed or wounded mortally, Capt. Colwell and Privates John Gallio, Leo Faller, David Spahr and Wm. Culp of Company A. A few months later, viz., December 12, it participated in Gen. Burnside's unsuccessful attack upon the Rebels at Fredericksburg. Crossing the river is the face of the enemy, it was subjected to a galling fire from Stuart's battery; but moving up the height, leaping ditches, it penetrated Longstreet's lines, capturing and sending back more than 100 prisoners. Though finally repulsed, the captures by soldiers of Company A alone embraced the swords of three rebel captains and the battle-flag of a Georgia regiment. Corp. Cart was given a medal for capturing the colors. The losses to the regiment were heavy, embracing 6 killed, 72 wounded and 22 missing. After this sanguinary battle the regiment was called to perform duty around Washington, where it remained till the next spring, when it moved out on the Campaign to Richmond. In the Wilderness, near Chancellorsville, 272 officers and men, pursuing the enemy, were captured on the 2d of May, 1863. The soldiers were taken to southern prisons, notably Andersonville and Florence, where many of them died under most pitiable circumstances. The officers, taken to Macon, were subsequently exposed to the fire of Federal guns at Charleston, to defend the city against attack. A fragment of the regiment not captured, increased by recruits furnished by Capt. King of Company H, participated in the Campaign against Richmond in 1864. At the expiration of its service it was mustered out June 16, 1864 at Philadelphia. 113 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. Portrait of Robert Meickey 114 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. Blank Page 115 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. CAVALRY SERVICE. In 1861, Cumberland County furnished two companies of cavalry at a time when this branch of the service was fully appreciated. One of these was known as Big Spring Adamantine Guards, and had had an organized existence for fifty years. It embraced 108 men, under command of Capt. S. Woodburn. After a year's service he was mustered out by special order August 28, 1862, when his position was filled by Wm. E. Miller, promoted from the second lieutenancy. The first lieutenants in order were Wm. Baughman and E. L. Cauffman. The second lieutenants in succession were Wm. E. Miller, Louis R. Stille and Elwood Davis. It became a part of the Third Cavalry under command for a time of Col. Wm. H. Young. Under the rigid discipline of Col. W. W. Averill, at Washington, it became highly efficient, and engaged in the movement southward in March, 1862, participating in the siege of Yorktown. With Averill it participated in the severe campaigns of McClellan near Richmond, at Harrison's Landing, and during the Maryland invasion at Antietam. When Col. Averill was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, the regiment was commanded (November, 1862) by Col. J. B. McIntosh, its operations being in Virginia mainly during the remainder of the year. When its term of service expired, a veteran battalion was formed, which participated with the Army of the Potomac in its active operations preceding, during and subsequent to the Battle of Gettysburg, where the regiment did such valiant service against Stuart's cavalry. The second company recruited under authority of the War Department by Wm. B. Sipes, of Philadelphia, was formed in small part from Fayette, but mainly from Cumberland County. It was joined to the Seventh Cavalry with Geo. C. Wyncoop as colonel and Wm. B. Sipes as lieutenant- colonel. Of this company, David T. May, of West Fairview, was the first captain. After his death at Chickamauga, September 21, 1863, James G. Taylor became captain. His death ensuing, Wm. H. Collins assumed the place. Joseph G. Vale, of Carlisle, was first lieutenant, but in August, 1862, he was promoted captain of Company M of same regiment. This regiment was sent west to the Department of the Cumberland, where, in 1862-63, it did efficient service. It participated in the Chickamauga battle, in which Lieut. Vale was wounded. In 1864 most of the men re-enlisted at Huntsville, ala. After various services in Georgia and other States, it was mustered out at Macon, Ga., August 13, 1865. In 1862, two companies of cavalry were authorized by the Secretary of War to be organized for three years' service. They were known as H and I of the Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Company H was recruited by David H. Kimmel, afterward promoted (May 22, 1863) to be major. Wm. H. Shriver, previously a first lieutenant in Company I succeeded him for half a year, when his resignation gave the position to Thomas W. Jordan. Company I was under the command of Capt. H. W. McCullough, who was killed at Moore's Hill, Ky., June 6, 1862, and was succeeded by Wm. H. Longsdorf, who, after two years of service, became major, his former position falling to O. B. McKnight. The regiment bore the name of "Lochiel Cavalry," and was commanded successively by Edward C. Williams, Thomas C. James and Thomas J. Jordan. Its service was, during the first two years, mainly in Kentucky and Tennessee, but subsequently with Sherman in his "march to the sea." The Anderson Troop was an independent company which was recruited at Carlisle Barracks during the closing part of 1861, from various parts of the United States. In it were some young men from Cumberland County. Of this number, Edward B. Inhoff, of Carlisle, was a representative, being ap- 116 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. pointed quartermaster-sergeant of the regiment. It operated in Kentucky and Tennessee, with Gens. Buell and Rosecrans, until by the latter it was ordered mustered out of service March 24, 1863. NINE MONTHS' MEN - ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTIETH REGIMENT. The notion was still entertained in 1862 that the war would not continue much longer, and that enlistments for a period of nine months would be sufficient. The One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment, with five full companies and a part of another from Cumberland County, was organized on this supposition. In this regiment, organized August 17, 1862, were the following field officers: Colonel, Henry I. Zinn, Mechanicsburg; lieutenant-colonel, Levi Maish, York County; major, John Lee, Cumberland County. Company A was made up at Carlisle early in the summer of 1862, and selected Wm. R. Porter as captain, which position he held during his term of service. First lieutenant was John R. Turner, who was subsequently chosen quartermaster of the regiment; second lieutenant, John Hays, finally becoming first lieutenant and then regimental adjutant (February 18, 1863). John O. Halbert was, at first, its orderly sergeant and then second lieutenant. He was succeeded by Alphonso B. Beissel March 1, 1863. Company D, recruited in and near Shippensburg, had as officers: Captain James Kelso; first lieutenant, Samuel Patchell; and second lieutenant, Daniel A. Harris. Company E was formed at Newville with Wm. Laughlin as captain; Joshua W. Sharp, first lieutenant; and Henry Clay Marshall, second lieutenant. Capt. Laughlin was killed at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, and Lieut. Sharp succeeded him. He was succeeded as first lieutenant by John P. Wagner. Henry Clay Marshall was appointed regimental adjutant August 17, 1862. First Sergt. Joseph A. Ege was promoted to be second lieutenant in place of Wagner. Company F, from Mechanicsburg, composed largely of three months' men, had the following organization: Henry I. Zinn, captain; John B. Zinn, first lieutenant; W. A. Givler, second lieutenant; Levi M. Haverstick, first sergeant. When Capt. Zinn was appointed colonel, August 17, Lieut. Zinn was promoted to be captain; resigning this place, March 19, 1863, he was succeeded by Haverstick. Michael W. French rose from a sergeancy to first lieutenancy. William A. Givler was killed at Antietam, and was succeeded by M. W. French, and he by Wm. E. Zinn. Company G was formed in and around Carlisle, with John Lee, captain; John S. Lyne, first lieutenant; Thomas D. Caldwell, second lieutenant. Lee was promoted to major; but after his resignation, February 5, 1863, was succeeded by John S. Low. Company H was secured by Capt. John C. Hoffaker, mainly at New Cumberland and West Fairview. The first lieutenant was George C. Marshall, and John K. McGann, second lieutenant. Capt. Hoffaker, resigning February 13, 1863, the lieutenants were regularly promoted, and Sergt. Chas. A. Hood became second lieutenant. The day after the organization of the regiment it was sent to Washington, where it was assigned to French's division of Sumner's corps. Its first active service was in the battle of Antietam, where it lost forty killed and 256 wounded. Though new and undisciplined, its brave conduct elicited the strong commendation of Gen. French, its division commander. After camping for a time at Harper's Ferry, it moved to Fredericksburg, and engaged in that sanguinary struggle, losing sixty-two killed or wounded, a large per cent 117 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. of its depleted ranks. Among the killed were Col. Zinn and Capt. Laughlin. Lieut. Haverstick was again wounded. Its next service was in the campaign around Chancellorsville, where Lieut.-Col. Maish and Lieut. John Hays were wounded. Its term of enlistment having expired, the regiment was mustered out at Harrisburg on the 21st of May, and its citizen-soldiers were welcomed home with great demonstration of feeling. THREE YEARS' MEN. The three months' men, already spoken of, who had served under Capts. Christian Kuhns and Jacob Dorsheimer, re-enlisted and were mustered for three years' service. Christian Kuhns was captain of the reorganized company, and remained with it till April 2, 1863, when he was succeeded by First Lieut. James Noble. The company was known as Company A, of the Eleventh Regiment, and served as an integral part of the army of the Potomac in the Virginia campaigns. The second company, known as Company A, One Hundred and Seventh Regiment, of which Thomas A. Zeigle, of York was colonel, was presided over by Capt. Dorsheimer for about a year, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Theodore K. Scheffer and Samuel Lyon. The regiment served also with the Army of the Potomac at Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and in the usual minor contests. These two Cumberland County companies, faithful from the beginning to the close of the war, having participated in the grand review at Washington May 28, 1865, were mustered out of service with richly earned honors. A number of men went from the county into Company A, of the One Hundred and First Regiment, commanded at first by Capt. David M. Armour, and afterward by James Sheafer. Active service was seen in North Carolina, where some of the men were captured and compelled to undergo the horrors of Andersonville. In 1861 a part of a company was enlisted in Cumberland County, and joined at Harrisburg with men from Cameron County, forming Company G, of the Eighty-fourth Regiment. The company officers consisted of Capt. Merrick Housler, First Lieut. James W. Ingram and Second Lieut. Daniel W. Taggart. It operated in West Virginia during the early part of 1862, but participated subsequently at Bull Run (second battle), Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness and siege of Petersburg. MILITIA OF 1862. The terrible defeat of the Union Army at the second battle of Bull Run afforded grave apprehensions of the devastation of southern Pennsylvania by Lee's soldiers: Gov. Curtin summoned 50,000, to be mustered at Harrisburg at once, to serve as protectors for the border. Everywhere did the people respond cheerfully to the call. Two columns, one of 15,000 at Hagerstown, and another of 25,000 ready to march from Harrisburg, if needed, attested the patriotic spirit of the Keystone State. Of these troops, so quick to respond, Cumberland County furnished one regiment, which was held in service only two weeks, viz., September 11 to 25. Its officers consisted of Col. Henry McCormick, Lieut.-Col. Robt. A. Lamberton and Maj. Thos. B. Bryson. The alacrity with which these troops appeared on the scene of action called forth warm praise from both Gen. McClellan and the governor of Maryland. COMPANIES OF 1863. Toward the close of 1862, some companies were gathered in the county, but did not get into actual service till the early part of 1863. One of these 118 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. was organized for nine months' service, with the following officers: Captain Martin G. Hall; first lieutenant, Henry S. Crider; second lieutenant, Patrick G. McCoy. It became Company F, of the One Hundred Fifty-eighth Regiment, under Col. David B. McKibben, and with its regiment served in North Carolina, principally assisting in the recovery of a Union garrison at Washington from the clutches of Gen. Hill; afterward it served with Gen. Meade in the Army of the Potomac till Lee was driven across into Virginia. It was mustered out of service at Chambersburg August 12, 1863. Company F, of the One Hundred and Sixty-second Regiment, Seventeenth Cavalry, was raised by Capt. Charles Lee, for three years. The regiment, colonels, Josiah H. Kellogg and James Q. Anderson, was in Devin's (Iron) Brigade, and served with Hooker at Chancellorsville, Buford at Gettysburg, in eastern Virginia next year, with Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, and with Army of Potomac when peace was declared. Company B, of the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Regiment of drafted militia, was formed in the eastern part of the county, with Abraham J. Rupp as captain, and Henry Lee as first lieutenant. It served from November, 1862, till it was mustered out July 28, 1863. There were also some men in the Eighteenth Cavalry (One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Regiment, Pennsylvania), whose record can not be given. COMPANIES OF 1864. Portions of the Two Hundredth and Two Hundred and First Regiments were recruited from Cumberland County, one from the towns of West Fairview and New Cumberland. Company K, of the Two Hundred and First Regiment was mustered into service, for one year, at Harrisburg, August 29, 1864. Its officers were: Captain, Alexander C. Landis; first lieutenant, Alexander Stewart; second lieutenant, John H. Snow; sergeants, Daniel F. Rohrer, John A. Witmer, S. G. Glauser, Henry G. Walters and Richard G. Moore; corporals, George Shields, Hiram C. Senseny, W. A. Clugh, Theo. Artz, Wm. H. Tritt, J. O. M. Butts, Geo. McCormick and Thos. V. Baker; musicians, Wm. W. Snyder, Jos. H. Snyder, Henry Dumbaugh and Henry Graves. This company was formed from Shippensburg and vicinity. The two regiments operated largely in eastern Virginia, and performed meritorious service. Companies G. H. and part of Company D, of the One Hundred and Second Regiment were formed from the county, and were commanded, respectively, by Capts. David Gochenauer, John P. Wagner and S. C. Powell. The regiment guarded the Manassas Gap Railroad, to keep it open for carrying army supplies. Companies A. and F, of the Two Hundred and Ninth Regiment, were mustered September 16, 1865, under Capts. John B. Landis and Henry Lee. Its colonel, Tobias B. Kauffman, Capt. Lee and Lieut. Hendricks, with nineteen men, were captured November 17, while defending the picket line, and were held prisoners till the close of the war. The regiment remained in active service till the close of the Rebellion by Lee's surrender. BUSINESS MEN IN THE ARMY. The public men of the county took an active part in support of the Government during the war. Particularly was this true of the legal profession. Says Dr. Wing, in his History of Cumberland County, p. 137: "At the very first call, when the example of prominent men was of peculiar importance, a large number of these gentlemen promptly gave in their names and entered in most instances as privates until they were promoted to office. Ignorant as 119 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. they all were of military drill, they at once submitted to the instruction of a sergeant at Carlisle Barracks, and as soon as possible left their pleasant homes for the severities of an ill-supplied and perilous service. In most cases this was at the sacrifice of health and sometimes of life, and they were intelligent enough to know beforehand what these sacrifices were likely to be. They were not alone, for they were accompanied by many in every walk of life. Among them were R. M. Henderson, John Lee, Lemuel Todd, A. Brady Sharpe, Christian P. Humrich, C. McGlaughlin, George S. Emig, C. P. Cornman, Joseph G. Vale, Wm. E. Miller, J. Brown Parker, Wm. M. Penrose, Joseph S. Colwell, S. V. Ruby, Wm. D. Halbert, D. N. Nevin, J. B. Landis, John Hays and J. M. Weakley. These took their places, not in some single company or regiment to which special eclat might be awarded, but wherever their lot happened to fall. As, however, the companies belonging to the One Hundred and Thirtieth were in process of formation at that time, most of them were connected with that regiment." REPRESENTATIVES IN REGULAR ARMY. Thus far the records have shown the work of men in volunteer service. Cumberland County had an honorable representation in the regular army, among whom we can specify the following only briefly: Samuel Sturgis, born at Shippensburg in 1822, and graduated at West Point, served through the Mexican war with distinction, gave valuable aid afterward in suppressing hostile Indians, and with increasing and deserved promotions to the rank of brigadier-general, aided greatly in quelling the great Rebellion. Washington L. Elliott, whose father, Com. Jesse D. Elliott, was second in command at the naval battle at Lake Erie September 10, 1813, was born at Carlisle in 1825. After three year's study in Dickinson College, he graduated at West Point in 1844. With the rank of second lieutenant he served efficiently in the Mexican war, and among the Indians with the rank of first lieutenant and captain. He served during the late Rebellion, with the ranks of major, colonel and brigadier-general, in both the eastern and Western Armies. In all the stations to which he was assigned, he demonstrated himself to be an able and trustworthy commander. John R. Smead was born in 1830 and graduated from West Point in 1851. When the war of the Rebellion began he was employed with Prof. Bache on the coast survey. He entered the artillery service, and as captain of a battery in the Fifth Artillery, he participated in the campaign around Richmond and in the second battle of Bull Run. At the latter place he was struck and killed by a ten-pound cannon ball, August 21, 1862. Alexander Piper, graduate of West Point in 1851, and an associate of Smead, served through the Rebellion in various responsible positions, having attained the rank of captain and become Smead's successor after the battle of Bull Run. He died October 30, 1876. LEE'S INVASION IN 1863. The most exciting period of the war to the Cumberland Valley was that connected with the invasion of 1863. The devastating and demoralizing features of war were brought home to the citizen engaged in the lawful pursuits of every-day life. The advance of the enemy to the Potomac in the region of Williamsport or Harper's Ferry was always a signal for a stampede along the valley in the direction of Harrisburg. Money and other valuables were removed, horses and cattle were driven out of the country for their own safety and to 120 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. prevent giving aid to the Rebels, and a general restlessness and anxiety took possession of the people. When in May, 1863, after the defeat of Hooker's army at Chancellorsville, Gen. R. E. Lee made requisition on the Confederate commissary department for rations for his hungry men, he was answered, "If the General wants provisions, let him go and look for them in Pennsylvania." He came. On the 20th of June, Gen. Ewell's corps began to cross the Potomac at Williamsport and commenced to move in the direction of Harrisburg. Chambersburg was reached by a portion of Ewell's corps on the 23d, Gen. R. S. Ewell himself arriving on the 24th. Gradually the troops marched along the valley, occupying Shippensburg on the 25th, and reaching Carlisle on Saturday, the 27th. When the alarm of the Rebel approach was first sounded, companies of civilians were organized by Capts. Martin Kuhn, John S. Low, A. Brady Sharpe, David Block and Robert Smiley. These companies embraced the best elements of the community, the pastors of the Episcopal and the Reformed Churches entering as privates. In connection with these militia companies, Capt. W. H. Boyd, First New York Cavalry, with 200 of his men, performed picket duty. As Gen. A. G. Jenkins' advance of 400 cavalry came toward town, these companies fell back. Jenkins was met en route by Col. William M. Penrose and Robert Allison, assistant burgess, and was requested to make no dash upon the town lost a panic among the women and children might ensue. He entered in good order, his men being on the alert against surprise. He demanded of the place supplies for men and horses. The citizens responded generously, and the provisions were stored in the stalls of the market house. A good supply of corn was also obtained from the crib of John Noble. In the afternoon of the same day (Saturday), Rodes' and Johnson's divisions of Ewell's corps arrived, Early's division having crossed the mountains, via Fayetteville, to York. The band at the head of the column played "Dixie," the men conducting themselves with much decorum notwithstanding their ragged condition. Gen. Ewell established his headquarters in the barracks, he occupying the dwelling of Capt. Hastings, while his staff took the adjacent buildings. The commanding general was well acquainted with the barracks and the town, having been stationed there in former years. In consequence of this acquaintanceship, he spared the public buildings from being burned on the eve of his departure. He at once made a public demand for 1,500 barrels of flour, four cases of surgical instruments, quinine, chloroform and other medical supplies. They could not be furnished, however. Strict orders were issued against the selling of intoxicating drinks to soldiers, and the pillaging of private property by them. Sunday and Monday were dreary days for the town. All communication with the loyal world was cut off. On the Lord's day, services were conducted at several of the churches by their own pastors. At the same time the chaplains of rebel regiments encamped in the college campus, and at the garrison conducted services for their troops with great fervor. Guards were stationed at the street corners, to preserve order and to receive any complaints made by citizens. Some spirited discussions between soldiers and citizens on moral and political questions were had, but with more courtesy and good feeling than generally characterize such controversies. All conversation with Southern officers and soldiers led the people to believe that their movement was directed toward, Harrisburg and Philadelphia. On Monday evening, however, Johnson's division, encamped at McAlister's Run, began to move in the direction of Stoughstown, Shippensburg and Fayetteville, the march being characterized 121 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. by a want of discipline and the commission of heinous outrages upon unoffending people. As early as 3 o'clock of Tuesday morning, the remaining troops from the college campus and the barracks, accompanied by Gen. Ewell, began to move along the pike in the direction of Mount Holly. The town was deserted by rebel forces except 200 cavalry, who continued till evening doing provost duty, when they also left. The pillaging around the barracks and the destruction of public and private property were performed by dissolute characters, some of whom proved to be deserters that afterward enlisted in the Union service. It has been said the town was largely deserted by rebel forces. This needs a little modification. About the time the people began to rejoice over the disappearance of the rebel forces, a body of cavalry, under command of Col. Cochran and numbering about 400, made its appearance at the gas works on the Dillstown road, and took possession of the streets. These men, intoxicated against orders, became unmanageable, and their stay in the town made citizens restless. Thus closes the condition of affairs in Carlisle Tuesday, June 30. The incidents of the following day are so graphically and carefully presented by Dr. Wing that we give his account entire: "Early on Wednesday morning, the town was gladdened by the return of Capt. Boyd with his 200 men of the First New York Cavalry. They had been at the extreme eastern part of the county, in the neighborhood of Fort Washington, and had had, on Sunday evening, a slight artillery skirmish at Oyster's Point, about three miles west of Harrisburg, with a small party of Gen. Jenkins' men. That general had spent a night at Mechanicsburg, and on Sunday advanced with a few men to reconnoiter the bridge over the Susquehanna; but on seeing the preparations there, had deemed it prudent to retire. This was the farthest point in the direction of Harrisburg to which the invading troops ventured to proceed. On hearing the rapid progress of the Union Army under Gen. Meade, in his rear, Gen. Lee at once perceived that he could not safely advance with such a force between him and the base of his operations, and that a great battle was inevitable in the neighborhood of Gettysburg. Both armies had mustered in unexpected strength and discipline, and neither could afford to dispense with any of its forces. Every regiment was called in, and summoned in haste to the expected field of conflict. But there were a few regiments in both armies near the river, to which the summons could not be sent in time, and which, therefore, were unaware of the movements of the main bodies. Early in the afternoon, Gen. W. F. (Baldy) Smith, who had taken command in this valley, reached town. There were then under him, two Philadelphia regiments, one militia battery from the same city, parts of two New York regiments, and a company of regular cavalry from Carlisle Barracks. While he was selecting a suitable place for his artillery, a body of rebel troops made its appearance near the east end of Main Street, at the junction of the Trindle Springs and York roads. One or two rebel horsemen rode nearly to the center of the town, but hastily returned to their companions, who sat in their saddles and gazed up the street at the Union infantry. A call to arms was at once made, and the companies which had been disbanded during the occupation of the town came together, and with other citizens armed themselves as best they could, and formed a line of skirmishers along the Letort. They kept up a desultory fire upon the advanced portion of the enemy and prevented them from penetrating our lines. Of course such an opposition was soon driven in and silenced; but for a while its true character could not be known. It was not long before the whizzing and explosions of shells in the air over and within the town, announced that a formidable en- 122 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. emy was at hand. No warning of this had been given, and it was soon accompanied by grape and canister, raking the principal streets and the central square. "As twilight set in, a flag of truce was forwarded to Gen. Smith, informing him that Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, with a force of 3,000 cavalry, was ready for an assault and demanded an immediate and unconditional surrender. The offer was promptly declined, and was followed by the threat that the shelling of the town would be at once resumed. 'Shell away!' replied Gen. Smith; and scarcely had the bearer of the flag left, before a much fiercer bombardment commenced. And now began a general flight of the inhabitants into the country, into cellars, and behind anything which was strong enough to afford hope of protection. A stream of women and children and infirm people on foot was seen, with outeries and terrified countenances in every direction. Some of these fell down breathless or seriously injured by some accident, and lay in the barns or by the fences through the ensuing night. To add terror to the scene, the sky was lighted up by the flames of a wood-yard in the vicinity of the rebel encampment, and about 10 o'clock the barracks and the garrison were burned and added their lurid glare to the brightness. In the middle of the night there was another pause in the firing, and another call for a surrender was made, to which a rather uncourteous reply was made by Gen. Smith, and the shelling proceeded, but with diminished power and frequency. It is supposed that ammunition had become precious in the hostile camp." Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, now governor of Virginia, in a letter to the writer under date of May 20, 1886, says of the attack on Carlisle: "On July 1, 1868, I was ordered to attack and occupy the place, by Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, commanding cavalry corps of the Confederate Army, and did attack it on my arrival late that evening - night put a stop to the fighting. At light next morning I intended to renew the attack, but during the night received information that the two contending armies were concentrating for a general battle at Gettysburg, and, in pursuance of orders, left the vicinity of Carlisle before daylight, on the 2d of July, marching for Gettysburg. Carlisle was at that time defended by Gen. William Smith, who commanded, I believe, the Pennsylvania Reserves; he was known in the old United States Army as 'Baldy' Smith." The battle of Gettysburg was fought. In a few days, demand was made by the authorities for medical aid to be sent to wait upon the Union and rebel wounded at that terrible field of death and suffering. The claims of humanity prevailed, and Cumberland County responded generously. In addition to the aid sent much was given at home; for the maimed soldiery of both armies had to be cared for in the adjoining villages and cities. The college chapel and recitation rooms of Dickinson and one of the central churches were converted into regular hospitals, the latter being thus used for a considerable time. THE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. Subsequent to the close of the war, the erection of a suitable monument to perpetuate the memory of the country's fallen heroes was agitated. The effort to do justice to the soldier had been made by several towns. This stimulated the desire to have a common monument centrally located. In 1868 a meeting of citizens was called, and a committee appointed to formulate a feasible plan for securing such a result. Subscriptions were taken and it was decided that the shaft should be located on the Public Square in Carlisle. The dimensions were, height thirty feet; base to stand on a mound four feet high, ten and one-half feet square. The base was to be of Gettysburg granite, three feet high and ten feet square, surmounted by a marble pedestal containing tablets 123 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. Portrait of C. W. Ahl 124 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. Blank Page 125 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. for the names of fallen heroes. The work was done by Richard Owens, Esq. of Carlisle, and cost about $5,000. The shaft was erected February 9, 1871, and with the iron fence which surrounds it is a place of much interest to pedestrians. The inscription is IN HONOR OF THE SOLDIERS OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY WHO FELL IN DEFENSE OF THE UNION DURING THE GREAT REBELLION. This Monument is erected by those who revere the Patriotism, and wish to perpetuate the Memory, of the Brave Men, who aided in saving the nation and securing the blessings of Liberty to all. The "battle wreath" which encircles the shaft contains the names of the following engagements: Mechanicsville, Drainsville, Gainesville, New Market Cross Roads, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Bethesda Church, Spottsylvania, Wilderness, Gettysburg, Vicksburg. Evidently the artist must have omitted Antietam and probably some other engagements. NAMES OF FALLEN HEROES. OFFICERS. Col. Henry J. Biddle, Assistant Adjutant-General Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. Col. Henry I. Zinn, One Hundred and Thirtieth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. John R. Smead, Fifth United States Artillery. Capt. Thomas P. Owen, Company H, First Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. Capt. James S. Colwell, Company A, Seventh Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. Capt. William Laughlin, Company E, One Hundred and Thirtieth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. D. G. May, Company K, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry. Capt. Hugh W. McCullough, Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Lieut. Jos. Stuart, Company H, First Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. Lieut. George W. Comfort, Company H, Seventh Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps. Lieut. Wm. A. Givler, Company F, One Hundred and Thirtieth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Lieut. I. B. Kauffman, Company H, Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Lieut. Theo. Mountz, Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Lieut. Alf. F. Lee, Company E, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Lieut. Wm. B. Blaney, Second Iowa Cavalry. Sub. John B. Goover, Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Asst. Eng. William E. Law, United States Navy. SOLDIERS. FIRST PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE SEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOLUNTEER CORPS. VOLUNTEER CORPS. COMPANY H. COMPANY A. Frank Hunt. David Askew. Wm. Culp. Wm. M. Henderson Joseph Ewing. Wm. Donnelley. Wm. R. Holmes. Geo. W. Wise. Wm. Watson. Curtis Griffin. G. W. Brechbill. Wm. A. Low. John Sheafer. G. Kauffman. John Callio. John T. Adams. John Black. Fred Brown. Fred K. Rieff. Ed. T. Walker. Saml. Baker. Wm. Quigley. Henry T. Green. D. Haverstick. John Clouser. George Morton. B. Haverstick. Wm. Nevil. F. Morrison. R. H. Spottswood. Saml. E. Smith. COMPANY I. Geo. I. Wilders. Wm. Zimmerman. Jacob Landis. John B. Kenyon. John Lusk. Frank Wilson. John T. Cuddy. James Miller. Wm. Baxter. Wm. Dunlap. Joseph U. Steele S. Heffelfinger. John Baker. Wm. Spottswood. Chas. Jarmier. Van Buren Eby. Jos. Buttorf. Chas. F. Gould. J. Harvey Eby. Wm. McCleaf. John Mathias. Levi Kennedy. Patrick Brannon. Leo W. Faller. John Shisler. Wm. B. Sites. David H. Spahr. J. A. Schlosser. FIFTH PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOLUNTEER CORPS. COMPANY D. COMPANY G. Michael J. Foucht. G. W. Savage. 126 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. COMPANY H. NINETY-NINTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLS. Michael Hess. Isaiah Siders. COMPANY A. Levi A. Bowen. Saml. S. Gooms. Wm. H. Chapman. Jac. A. Welty. Wm. H. Kline. Daniel M. Hoover. J. Richey Clark. ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST PENNSYLVANIA John Lininger. Saml. Wesley. VOLUNTEERS. John Anthony. Thomas. J. Acker. COMPANY A. Jonas Blosser. D. W. Conrad. Levi Kutz. Frank A. Smith. Milton Warner. Chris Rothe. Jos. B. Mooney. Geo. W. Smith. John Devlin. Max. Barshal. ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND PENNSYL- G. Beaverson. Benj. Baker VANIA VOLUNTEERS. COMPANY H. ELEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. J. Fahnestock. COMPANY A. Moses Boss. Geo. L. Reighter. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH PENNSYL- Thos. Morgan. J. Christman. VANIA VOLUNTEERS. Wm. Fielding. James Warden. COMPANY D. Wilson Vanard. Thomas Conway. P. R. Pislee. John Spong. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH PENNSYL- FORTY-SIXTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. VANIA VOLUNTEERS. COMPANY F. COMPANY G. Thos. Lyne. J. F. McMath. COMPANY H. S. Kriner. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. FORTY-NINTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. COMPANY F COMPANY A. E. Crandle. H. Strough. Benj. Hoover. FIFTY-FIFTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. ONE HUNDRED AND _________ PENNSYL- COMPANY B. VANIA VOLUNTEERS. Jas. Tyson. COMPANY A. COMPANY C. P. Faber. Wm. E. Greason. Wm. H. Vance. Joseph P. Weaver. A. Bronswell. COMPANY E. Geo. W. Green. J. C. Filey. Samuel Bear. COMPANY D. COMPANY F. N. Lenhard. W. B. Grabill. Geo. Sanno. Fred Sanno. Henry Miller. Geo. Brenizer. Joseph Matthews. Geo. J. McLean. SEVENTY-EIGHTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. M. S. Carbaugh. COMPANY D. COMPANY E. Geo. Grove. Geo. H. Coover. J. W. Crull. Wm. A. McCune. Wm. P. Woods. David L. Miller. EIGHTY-FOURTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUN- Jesse K. A___. Wm. Lockery. TEERS. J. A. Stickler. Jos. Connery. COMPANY C. Thad. McKeehan. Samuel T. Kunkle Reuben Line. COMPANY F. Richard Lilly. Benj. H. Getz. Geo. White. B. Barshinger. John Ritson. Benj. Hipple. P. Y. Kniseley. John Fetzer. Adam Sheaffer. Thos. Snoddy. Thos. English. Theo. R. Zinn. H. F. Lambert. Keller Bobb. EIGHTY-SEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUN- COMPANY G. TEERS. J. Barkley. Jas. Withrow. COMPANY E. S. McMaughton. Michael Ritta. Charles Huber. E. Beaverson. Henry Snyder. Thomas Neely. 127 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. COMPANY H. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FOURTH J. B. Snavely PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. D. B. Kauffman. COMPANY H. D. Moore. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-THIRD PENNSYL- VANIA VOLUNTEERS. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIFTH COMPANY E. PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. J. Heiser. COMPANY F. J. Plank. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-EIGHT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. TWO HUNDREDTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUN- COMPANY A. TEERS. Isaac Bear. COMPANY E. George Wolf. John Askew. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-NINTH PENNSYL- James Krall. Lewis B. Fink. VANIA VOLUNTEERS. D. Lenker. Henry Yost. COMPANY A. Michael Smith. Levi Rupp. COMPANY I. Geo. Ensor. Wm. W. Heacy. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-EIGHTH PENN- TWO HUNDRED AND FIRST PENNSYLVANIA SYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. VOLUNTEERS. COMPANY A. COMPANY E. H. Oatman. David Barnhill. R. C. Moore J. Cunningham. Jacob Bricker. Abraham Myers. TWO HUNDRED AND SECOND PENNSYL- COMPANY C. VANIA VOLUNTEERS. John Sells. Wm. Wetzel. COMPANY G. J. A. McNaskey. William Webb. Robert Gracy. COMPANY F. J. Cockenauer. S.J. Cockenauer. Eli Ford. D. A. Ziegler. Joseph Reese. Jesse Swartz. Zach. Ford Andrew Fickes. D. Hippensteel. Samuel Mixell. Joseph Stine COMPANY H. Hugh Campbell. Alex. Fagan. S. J. Orris. J. Burkhart. Daniel Stum. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOURTH PENN- J. Fahnestock. James McGaw. SYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS COMPANY C. TWO HUNDRED AND NINTH PENNSYLVANIA J. C. Grant. VOLUNTEERS. COMPANY A. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SEVENTH T. Hoerner. PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS John P. Leib. COMPANY B. COMPANY F. F. Eschenbaugh. E. Sykes. COMPANY D. S. Hollinger. Samuel Lutz. Theo. K. Boyles. Joseph A. Shaw. McE. Fanchender. TWO HUNDRED AND TENTH PENNSYLVANIA H. Nonnemaker. Uriah Stahl. VOLUNTEERS. David Sheriff. William P. Gensler. COMPANY A. L. Matchett. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHT PENN- SYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. THIRD PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. COMPANY I. COMPANY G. William Sipe. A. Bucher. Joseph Millard. 128 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. COMPANY H. SEVENTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. William Myers. William Ewing. COMPANY B. C. A. Holtzman. Abdil Trone. J. Conley. Alex. Koser. Cul'n Koser. COMPANY F. Edward Tarman. C. Vanderbilt. David Kutz. J. W. Kauffman. George W. Trout. Z. McLaughlin. Thos. Speece. Geo. W. McGaw. Josh McCoy. J. Nicholson. M. F. Shoemaker. E. Stouffer. Samuel Golden. Frank Cramer. Abner W. Zug. Geo.W. Whitmore. Henry A. Martin. S. C. Weakline. Wilson Seavers. COMPANY M. Wm. H. Weaver. Lewis Ringwalt. James Gilbert D. E. Hollinger. Eman. Smith. Solomon Sow. Robt. Kelley. SEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. John G. Burget. David Carle. COMPANY K. Samuel Deardorf. C. Evilhock. George W. Heck. Arch. Mullen. A. Herschberger. J. Livingston. Hiram Gleaver. John Givler. NINETEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. COMPANY A. EIGHTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. Samuel Grier. COMPANY C. COMPANY C. H. Irvine. W. F. Miller. COMPANY E. E. Speece. TWENTIETH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. COMPANY H. COMPANY A. J. Bishop. Jacob Agle. M. A. Griffith. John M. Kunkle. Jacob Day. F. F. Steese. COMPANY I. COMPANY B. J. C. Creps. Joshua Dunan. J. H. Crist. C. Liszman. Wm. Bricker. COMPANY D. Robt.T. Laughlin. Jos. A. Shannon. Wm. Sheeley. Henry Shriver. Chris. Felsinger. COMPANY F. L. Keefauver. Samuel A. welsh Wm. Balsley. Geo.W. Matthews. S. McCullough. Robt. T. Kelley. Andrew Bear. H. L. Sennet. David Woods. Elijah Bittinger. TWENTY-SECOND PENNSYLVANIA COMPANY K. CAVALRY. S. Bowman. COMPANY F. J. Palm. ELEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. COMPANY M. COMPANY K. W. T. Fanus. A. Y. Kniseley. PENNSYLVANIA ARTILLERY. THIRTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. FIRST REGIMENT. COMPANY F. Geo. W. Welsh. J. H. Baughman. Joseph Rudy. Geo. W. Graham. R. M. Houston. Anson Smith. D. F. Hoerner. SECOND REGIMENT. D. W. McKenny. Wm. H. Miller. Fred Faber. Jas. A. Kelso. Benj. D. Hehn. THIRD REGIMENT. John Snyder. P. Huntsherger. Peter Paul. Wm. Hawkes. John F. Gettys. J. F. Eigenower. J. W. Christ. Wm. H. Albright. Wm. D. Kauffman. Geo. Forney. Samuel Bortel. Jas. Y. Stuart. COMPANY H. TENTH UNITED STATES INFANTRY. Jacob Myers. COMPANY C. COMPANY L. A. Webbert. C. W. Nailor. FIFTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. SEVENTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY. COMPANY H. COMPANY F. J. W. Buttorf. W. B. Flinchbaugh. 129 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. GRAND ARMY POSTS. One of the permanent organizations resulting from the late war is that of the Grand Army of the Republic. It is a patriotic institution, whose primary object is to watch carefully the rights and privileges of those who imperiled their lives and fortunes in behalf of their country, and to assure the widows and orphans of such fallen comrades that they shall not be forgotten. It is the organized society of America to see that the sacrifices of life and blood and treasure during the war shall not have been made in vain. Nearly every town of importance has such an organization named in honor of some fallen comrade. We give the list in Cumberland County. Capt. Colwell Post, No. 201, at Carlisle - This post was organized in 1881, its charter bearing date February 24 of that year. Its charter members consisted of the following persons: J. T. Zug, Wm. E. Miller, Isaac Elliott, Wm. Vance, A. C. Ensminger, John S. Humor, J. B. Haverstick, John Albright, P. D. Beckford, Peter Monger, M. A. Hufner, John G. Bobb, J. L. Meloy, James Campbell, D. A. Sawyer, R. P. Henderson, J. P. Brindle, Smith McDonald, H. Linnehul, H. G. Carr, J. G. Vale and Wm. Bottengenbach. The original corps of officers embraced W. E. Miller, C.; J. D. Meloy, S. V. C.; P. D. Beckford, J. V. C.; Jacob T. Zug, Q. M.; J. B. Haverstick, Adj.; J. S. Bender, Surg.; Joseph G. Vale, O. D.; J. P. Brindle, O. G.; A. C. Ensminger, S. M.; John S. Humor, chaplain. The present corps (1886) consists of J. P. Brindle, C.; Wm. Lippert, S. V. C.; H. G. Carr, J. V. C.; Wm. E. Carnes, Chaplain; B. K. Goodyear, Adj.; Wm. E. Miller, Q. M.; J. S. Bender, Surg.; Joseph Lider, O. D.; Lazarus Minnich, O. G.; J. M. Goodyear, Q. M. S.; D. A. Carbaugh, S. M. The post has an active membership of 105, and is in a prosperous condition. Capt. James S. Colwell, after whom the post was named, was born near Shippensburg, Penn., August 19, 1813. His education in elementary subjects was received at home and at Chambersburg. He graduated finally from Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1839. Returning to his native county, he read law in the office of Wm. Biddle, Esq., at Carlisle, where he practiced, after being admitted to the bar, till he entered the Army. He was mustered as first lieutenant in Seventh Pennsylvania Reserves (Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers) April 21, 1861, and as captain July 4, 1862. He engaged in the Peninsular campaign in 1862, by the explosion of a shell of the enemy. He was a brave soldier, a worthy citizen and a faithful husband and father. His widow still resides in Carlisle. There is also a colored post at Carlisle, having a small membership, concerning which, however, no facts could be obtained. Col. H. I. Zinn, Post No. 415, Mechanicsburg, was organized March 4, 1884, by Asst. Adj.-Gen. T. J. Stewart, aided by Post No. 58, of Harrisburg. It had forty-four charter members. Its first corps of officers embraced the following comrades: Col. Wm. Penn Lloyd, Com'dr; H. S. Mohler, S. V. C.; A. C. Koser, J. V. C.; S. B. King, Q. M.; L. F. Zollinger, Adj.; F. K. Ployer, Chap.; E. N. Mosser, Q. M. S.; A. Hauck, O. D.; A. F. Stahl, O. G. The post is a live one, and has a membership at present of 132, and commands the confidence of the public. It was named in honor of Col. H. I. Zinn, who was born in Dover Township, York Co., Penn., December 8, 1834. He was the son of John and Anna Mary Zinn. On the 15th of September, 1855, he was married, by the Rev. J. C. Bucher, to Miss Mary Ann Clark, the ceremony being performed at Carlisle. As the result of this union three chil- 130 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. dren were born, viz.: Elsie Myra, James Henry and George Arthur. The first two died in 1862, of measles and diphtheria, respectively. Col. Zinn was killed December 13, 1862, in the desperate battle of Fredericksburg, Va. Corp. McLean Post, 423, at Shippensburg, was organized by Capt. Haverstick April 7, 1884, with thirty-nine charger members. In its first corps of officers were the following comrades: M. G. Hale, C.; Wm. Baughman, S. V. C.; John S. Shugars, J. V. C.; M. S. Taylor, Adj.; J. K. C. Mackey, Q. M. Since its organization Wm. Baughman and John Shugars have also held the position of commander. The membership has increased to seventy-one, rendering the post a flourishing one. George Johnston McLean, whose name the post wears and reveres, was born at Shippensburg March 7, 1842. He was a member of Company D, One Hundred and Thirtieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was wounded in front of Marye's Hill, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. From this wound he died nine days afterward in the hospital at Washington, D. C. He was unmarried at the time of his death. Kennedy Post, 490, at Mount Holly Springs, was organized August 15, 1885. First members were Henry Wollet, C. A. Burkholder, Moses Waggoner, Philip Harman, Samuel Sadler, Silas Tower, N. J. Class, Joseph S. Early, B. F. Wollet, A. Adams, W. H. Brinn, James Cuddy, David A. Cornman, John Goodyear, Augustus Miller, David Taylor, Joseph Swords, Christ Harmon, Joseph Wise, David Newman, William Kennedy, William Hummelbough, J. N. Allen, John Snyder, J. E. Mandorf, Alex Noffsinger, David Noggle, A. T. Richwine, William Ricker, George Slosser, W. M. Still, Philip Snyder, Joseph K. Snyder, Eli B. Tower, John Ward, A. J. McGonnigal, G. W. Kinter, John Kauffman, William H. Hartz, Jacob Hoffert, John Bennett, Frank Stoner, A. P. Richwine, David Withrow and George Fair; present membership, sixty-eight. First officers were Henry Wollet, Commander; C. A. Burkholder, S. V. C.; Moses Wagner, J. V. C.; Joseph Early, Adj.; Alec Adams, Q. M. Present officers are Rev. J. G. Shannon, commander; Samuel Sadler, S. V. C.; A. Miller, J. V. C.; Phil. Harman, Q. M.; William Goodyear, Adjt. The society meets every Saturday night in the hall of the I. O. O. F. Private B. F. Eisenberger Post, at New Cumberland, organized in the early part of 1885. The original members were Henry and B. H. Eisenberger, John Robinson, Henry Drager, Capt. J. W. Fight, A. D. Repman, Henry Goriger, Frank Mathias, M. K. Brubaker, Frank Hager, Sr., Frank Hager, Jr., Wash. Shipe and Harry Free. Officers: John Kirk, commander; B. F. Hager, Secy.; Jesse Oren, Adjutant.