HISTORY: Warner Beers, 1886, Part 2, Chapter 16, Cumberland County, PA

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History of Cumberland and Adams Counties, Pennsylvania.
Containing History of the Counties, Their Townships, Towns, Villages, 
Schools, Churches, Industries, Etc.; Portraits of Early Settlers and 
Prominent Men; Biographies; History of Pennsylvania; Statistical and 
Miscellaneous Matter, Etc., Etc.  Illustrated.  Chicago: Warner, Beers 
& Co., 1886.
http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/beers/beers.htm
______________________________________________________________________ 

                                PART II.

             HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA.

                              CHAPTER XVI.

                          BOROUGH OF CARLISLE.

ITS INCEPTION - SURVEY - FIRST THINGS - MEETING OF CAPTIVES -  
REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD - WAR OF 1812 - GROWTH OF THE TOWN, ETC. - THE 
BOROUGH IN 1816 - McCLINTOCK RIOT - WAR OF THE REBELLION - SITUATION, 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC. - CHURCHES - CEMETERIES - SCHOOLS, INSTITUTES 
AND COLLEGE - NEWSPAPERS - MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC. - GAS AND 
WATER COMPANY - SOCIETIES - CONCLUSION. 

  THE town of Carlisle was laid out in pursuance of a letter of 
instruction issued by the proprietary government to Nicholas Scull in 
1751.  With the exception of Shippensburg and York, it is the oldest 
town in Pennsylvania west of the Susquehanna River.  It derives its 
name from Carlisle, in the county of Cumberland, in England.  That 
Carlisle, near the border of Scotland, is the prototype of this.  Like 
it, it is built with rectangular streets, from a center square, and is 
situated between two parallel ranges of lofty hills, which inclose the 
valley, watered by the Eden and the Calder, where it lies.*  But, 
although the town of Carlisle was laid out according to the 
instructions of the commissioners as early as 1751, there were, of 
course, earlier settlers.  One of those was James Le Tort, a French-
Swiss, who was an Indian interpreter, and who erected and lived in a 
log cabin, probably as early as 1720, at the head of the stream which 
bears his name, and which flows through the eastern portion of the 
town.  At some unknown period, also, be-

  *Carlisle, in England, was originally a Roman station, and its name 
is often used in the early border ballads.

230  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

fore the founding of Carlisle, the Colonial Government had erected a 
stockade fort, occupying "two acres of ground square, with a block-
house in each corner," which, two years after the town of Carlisle was 
laid out, had become a ruin, and given place to another of curious 
construction within the precincts of the town, which was known as Fort 
Louther.  It had loop-holes and swivel guns, and two years after (1755) 
a force of fifty men.  It rendered important aid in defense of the 
earlier settlers against the Indians, whose savage cruelties and bloody 
massacres form such a striking feature in the early history of the 
Kittatinny Valley.
  The first letter of instructions for a survey of the town was issued 
by Gov. Hamilton April 1, 1751.  It was again surveyed by Col., 
afterward Gen. John Armstrong in 1762.  When the town was first located 
it extended no further than the present North, South, East and West 
Streets, all the other part now within the borough being known as 
commons.  The courts of justice were first held, for one year, at 
Shippensburg, but in the succeeding year, after the formation of the 
county, they were removed to Carlisle.  Thus, just twenty-five years 
before the Declaration of Independence, before the imbecile King, 
George III, whose stubborn policy provoked the colonies to assert their 
rights, had yet ascended the throne of England, Carlisle was founded, 
in the reign of George II, as the county seat.
  The first tax upon the citizens of Carlisle, of which we have any 
record, was laid in December, 1752, and amounted to 25l 9s 6d.
  A very pretty pen picture of the infant town of Carlisle in the 
summer of 1753 is as follows.  It was written to Gov. Hamilton by John 
O'Neal, who had been sent to repair the fortifications, and is dated 
the 27th of May, 1753. 
  The Garrison here consists only of twelve men.  The stockade 
originally occupied two acres of ground square, with a block-house in 
each corner.  These buildings are now in ruin.  Carlisle has been 
recently laid out and is the established seat of justice.  It is the 
general opinion that a number of log cabins will be erected during the 
ensuing summer.  The number of dwelling houses is five.  The court is 
at present held in a temporary log building, on the northeast corner of 
the centre square.  If the lots were clear of brush wood it would give 
a different aspect to the town.  The situation, however, is handsome, 
in the centre of a valley with a mountain bounding it on the North and 
South at a distance of seven miles.  The wood consists principally of 
oaks and hickory.  The limestone will be of great advantage to the 
future settlers, being in abundance.  A lime kiln stands on the centre 
square, near what is called the deep quarry, from which is obtained 
good building stone.  A large stream of water runs above two miles from 
the village, which may at a future period be rendered navigable.  A 
fine spring runs to the east, called Le Tort, after the Indian 
interpreter who settled on its head about the year 1720.  The Indian 
wigwams in the vicinity of Great Beaver Pond are to me an object of 
particular curiosity.  A large number of the Delawares, Shawanese and 
Tuscaroras continue in this vicinity; the greater number have gone to 
the west."  In October of this year, 1753, a treaty was held at 
Carlisle between Benjamin Franklin and the other commissioners, and the 
chiefs of the Six Nations and their allies of other western tribes.  
The party of chiefs sat upon the floor of the court house, smoking, as 
was the custom, during the entire treaty.  Conrad Weiser and Andrew 
Montour were interpreters.  One complaint was that in exchange for 
their lands the white man had given them nothing but rum, and 
indictments at about this period are to be found in the old records of 
the court "for illegal sale of liquor to the Indians who live 

231  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

outside of the inhabited portion of this province."  *In passing, we 
may mention that the whipping post and the pillory erected in 1754 were 
then and afterward the usual methods of punishment, and that they stood 
upon the portion of the Public Square upon which the Episcopal Church 
now stands.
  Besides the stockade forts which we have mentioned, there were also, 
somewhat later (about 1757), breastworks or intrenchments erected 
northeast of the town by Col. Stanwix, and in this year also the first 
weekly post was established between Philadelphia, then the largest city 
in the country, and Carlisle, the better to enable his honor the 
Governor and the Assembly to communicate with his majesty's subjects on 
the frontier.  In the history of the Indian wars at this period 
Carlisle holds a conspicuous place.  In the autumn of 1755, 
particularly, the citizens were much alarmed in consequence of numerous 
massacres by the Indians.  The defeat of Gen. Braddock at Fort DuQuesne 
in this year left the whole western frontier defenseless.  In July of 
this year Gov. Morris, who had succeeded Gov. Hamilton (under whose 
instructions the town was laid out) came to Carlisle for the purpose of 
sending supplies to Gen. Braddock, and to encourage the people in the 
midst of their panic, and it was while he was there that he received 
the first tidings of the disastrous battle.  It was then that Col. John 
Armstrong, of Carlisle (afterward a general in the Revolutionary Army 
and a friend of Gen. Washington) decided to take the aggressive and to 
attack the enemy in their own stronghold.  It fell to the lot of the 
infant town of Carlisle - then only five years old - to turn the tide 
and to stay the current which threatened to sweep everything away.  
Col. Armstrong, with a party of 280 resolute men, started from that 
place, and by a rapid march of some 200 miles, over lofty and rugged 
mountains, discovered and destroyed the savages in their nest at 
Kittanning.  For this gallant service medals and presents were voted to 
Col. Armstrong and his officers by the corporation of Philadelphia.  
The destruction of Kittanning by Col. Armstrong was in September, 1756.
  Another Indian council was held at Carlisle on the 13th, 15th, 16th, 
17th and 19th of January, 1756, preceding the Indian catastrophe at 
Kittanning, at which were present Hon. R. H. Morris, lieutenant-
governor, Gov. James Hamilton and several other commissioners.  It was 
held to arrive at an understanding as to the action of the Shawanese 
and Delawares, who had been under the control of the Six Nations, but 
who had joined the French.  At this meeting, where many belts of 
wampum, etc., as was the custom, were exchanged, Conrad Weiser and 
George Croghan were interpreters.  In May of the succeeding year (1757) 
a number of Cherokee warriors, who had come from the South, came to 
Carlisle to aid the English against the French and their savage allies.  
At this time it was often necessary that the farmers should be 
protected during the harvest, in order that they might gather their 
grain.  August 20, 1756, Col. Armstrong writes:  "Lyttleton, 
Shippensburg and Carlisle (the last two not finished) are the only 
forts, now built, that will, in my opinion be serviceable to the 
public.  The duties of the harvest have not permitted me to finish 
Carlisle Fort with the soldiers; it should be done, otherwise the 
soldiers can not be so well governed, and may be absent, or without the 
gates, at a time of the greatest necessity."
  At this time (June 30, 1757) Col. Stanwix had begun and was 
continuing to build his entrenchments on the "northeast part of this 
town and just adjoining it."  In a letter headed "Camp, near Carlisle, 
July 25, 1757," he writes "I am at work at my entrenchments, but as I 
send out such large and frequent parties, with other necessary duties, 
I can only spare about seventy working

  *The expenses of this treaty, including presents to the Indians, 
amounted to 1,400l.

232  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

men a day, and these have been very often interrupted by frequent 
violent gusts, so that we make but a small figure yet, and the first 
month was entirely taken up in clearing the ground, which was all full 
of monstrous stumps, etc."
  From these brief pictures, thus painted by contemporaries, we may 
form some idea of Carlisle at this early date.  Le Tort's lonely cabin 
on the stream, if it still remained; the stockade fort which had given 
place to the one which was in ruins; the grass-grown streets; the 
number of dwelling houses (four years before) only five; the temporary 
log court house on the northeast corner of the center square; the 
entrenchments near the town; the Indian wigwams which were an object of 
particular curiosity; the "monstrous stumps" which told of the primeval 
forest which was for the first time felled by the hand of man - all 
point to a period recent in history, but fabulous, seemingly, already, 
and as strange as can be found.
  In 1760 considerable excitement was caused by the murder of a 
friendly Delaware Indian, Dr. John and family, who had moved to 
Cumberland County in the winter of that year and lived in a log cabin 
on the Conodoguinet Creek, near Carlisle.  News was immediately sent to 
Gov. Hamilton, and a reward of 100l was offered for the apprehension of 
the parties concerned.  The excitement was intense, for it was feared 
that the Indians might seek to revenge the murder upon the settlers.
  Another panic occurred about two years afterward.  At noon, on the 
4th of July, 1763, one of a party of horsemen rode rapidly into the 
town, and told of the capture of Presque Isle, Le Boeuf, and Venango by 
the French and Indians.  The greatest alarm spread among the citizens 
of the town and neighboring country.  The roads were crowded in a 
little while with women and children hastening to Lancaster for safety.  
The pastor of the Episcopal Church headed his congregation, encouraging 
them on the way.  Some retired to the breastworks.  Col. Bouquet 
writes, asking aid from the people of York in building a post here, on 
the plea that they were protected by Cumberland.  Truly these were 
stirring times.  The seed was sown and the harvest reaped under the 
fear of the tomahawk and rifle.  The early history of Cumberland County 
is fraught with items of the deepest interest to all who hold in 
grateful remembrance the trials and dangers of the first settlers of 
this beautiful portion of our State.
  We are now at about the close of the Indian war, but from the 
formation of Carlisle down until this period (1764), there was 
continued danger and depredations throughout the valley.

                        THE MEETING OF CAPTIVES.

  In August of this year, Col. Bouquet, two regiments of royal troops, 
and one thousand provincials assembled at Carlisle.  The Indians, who 
by this time had been thoroughly conquered, were compelled to bring 
back all prisoners who they had captured.  The incidents of the meeting 
of relatives who had been separated for year, which occurred upon the 
Public Square, ahs been graphically told.  Some had forgotten their 
native tongue.  Some had married with their captors, had grown to love 
their bondage, and refused to leave their lords.  One German mother 
recognized her long lost child by singing to her the familiar hymn 
"Alone, yet not alone am I, Though in this solitude so drear," which 
she had sung to it in childhood.  This incident happened December 31, 
1764.  (Hallische Nacht, 1033.)*
  One of the most vivid panoramic pictures might be drawn of a scene

  *Col. Bouquet had advertised for those who had lost children to come 
to Carlisle, "and look for them."  Sup. Rupp's Hist. 402; which 
accounts, we suppose, for seeming discrepancy of dates.

233  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

Portrait of James Coyle.

234  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

Blank Page

235  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

which happened before the old jail in Carlisle, at about 10 o'clock on 
Friday morning, the 29th of January, 1768, when a large body of men, 
some of whom were armed with rifles and others with tomahawks, 
endeavored, against the earnest protests of Col. John Armstrong, Rev. 
John Steel, Robt. Miller, William Lyon and John Holmes, the sheriff, to 
rescue two prisoners, Frederick Stump and Hans Eisenhauer (known as 
"Ironcutter"), who were confessedly guilty of the brutal murder of 
several Indian families, from the jail, in order that the prisoners 
might not be sent for trial to Philadelphia; in which attempt at rescue 
the mob succeeded, much to the regret and alarm of the government, 
which was afraid it would awaken an outbreak of Indian retaliation.

                          REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.

  We approach the period of the Revolution.  The encroachments of the 
Crown upon the rights of the colonists found ready resentment from the 
hardy settlers of this frontier.  In July, 1774, at a public meeting in 
Carlisle, resolutions were adopted severely condemning the act of the 
English parliament in closing the port of Boston, and urging vigorous 
remedies to correct the wrong.  They also advocated a general congress 
of the colonies; non-importation of British goods; pledged 
contributions for the relief of Boston; and urged that "a committee be 
immediately appointed for this county, to correspond with the committee 
of this province upon the great objects of the public attention; and to 
co-operate in every measure conducing to the general welfare of British 
America."  James Wilson, Robert Magaw, and William Irvine were 
appointed deputies to meet those from other counties of the province.  
The first was afterward a signer of the Declaration, the second a 
colonel, and the third a general in the Revolutionary Army.
  After the battle of Lexington prompt and energetic action was taken; 
men were pledged, and in July following Col. Thompson's "battalion of 
riflemen" embraced the first companies south of the Hudson to arrive in 
Boston, and in January, 1776, this command became the "First Regiment" 
of the United Colonies, commanded by Gen. George Washington.  John 
Steel, the elder, and his son John Steel, Jr., both led companies from 
Carlisle, the former acting as chaplain and the latter joining the army 
of Gen. Washington after he had crossed the Delaware.  In short, from 
the beginning to the end of the Revolution, Carlisle was a central 
point of patriotic devotion and influence.
  We may mention that the two most important facts connected with 
Carlisle at about this period was the building of the old barracks by 
the Hessians captured at Trenton, in 1777, and the founding of 
Dickinson College in 1783.
  One year previous to this latter event (April 13, 1782) Carlisle had 
been incorporated by an act of the Assembly.*
  Maj. Andre's Imprisonment. - The town, in consequence of its being 
seated on what was then the frontier and away from the theater of war, 
was used as a place of detention for military prisoners.  Maj. Andre 
and Lieut. Despard** were confined here a portion of their time on 
parole of the town.  While here, in 1776, they occupied a stone house 
on Lot No. 161, at the corner of South Hanover Street and Chapel Alley.  
They were on parole of honor of six miles, but were prohibited from 
going out of the town except in military dress.
  The Whiskey Insurrection. - In 1794 Gen. Washington, accompanied by 
Secretary Hamilton, rendezvoused at Carlisle with his army of 4,000 men 
and six-

  *A new charter was granted March 4, 1814.
  **Lieut. Despard was an Irish officer, afterward a colonel.  He 
served under Nelson, and had a high reputation for rash bravery.  He 
carried back from America Democratic sentiments, and was executed for 
treason in 1803.  Sir Walter Scott says:  "Three distinguished heroes 
of this class have arisen in my time:  Lord Edward Fitzgerald, Col. 
Despard and Capt. Thistlewood, and, with the contempt and abhorrence of 
all men, they died the death of infamy and guilt."  See Dr. Wing's 
History of Cumberland County, p. 93, note.

236  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

teen pieces of artillery, on his way to quell the whiskey insurrection.  
He was enthusiastically received.  The old court house was illuminated 
with transparencies, speeches were made, and troop of light-horse and a 
company of infantry promptly offered their services, and marched to 
Fort Pitt.
  A Royal Exile. - In December, 1797, Louis Philippe, then twenty-four 
years of age, accompanied by his two brothers, the Duke of Montpensier 
and Count Beaujolais, passed through Carlisle on their way to new 
Orleans.  An incident of their brief stay in that place is related in 
"Chambers' Miscellany."  They arrived at Carlisle on Saturday, when the 
inhabitants of the neighboring country appeared to have entered the 
town for some purpose of business or pleasure, and drove up to a public 
house, near which was a trough for the reception of oats.  The Duke of 
Montpensier sat in the wagon, when the horses became frightened and ran 
away, upsetting it and his highness, who was somewhat injured.  Getting 
back to the tavern he there acted as his own surgeon, and performed the 
operation of letting out some of his royal blood in the presence of a 
number of bucolic admirers, who, believing him to be a physician, 
proposed that he should remain at Carlisle and begin there his 
professional career.  At this time (1795), by the Universal Gazetteer, 
published in London, we find that Carlisle contained "about 1,500 
inhabitants and 300 stone houses, a college and a court house."

                              WAR OF 1812.

  In the war of 1812 four companies were raised in Carlisle; two of 
which, the "Carlisle Infantry," under Capt. William Alexander, and a 
"Rifle Company," under Capt. George Hendel, served for a term of six 
months on the northern frontier.  Another, the "Carlisle Guards," under 
Capt. Joseph Halbert, marched to Philadelphia, and the fourth, the 
"Patriotic Blues," under Capt. Jacob Squier, served for a time in the 
entrenchments at Baltimore.

                        GROWTH OF THE TOWN, ETC.

  The town continued steadily to increase.  Its population in 1830 was 
3,708.  Ten years later it was 4,350, of which 2,046 were white males, 
1,989 white females, 138 colored males, and 177 colored females.
  The common schools first went into operation in Carlisle August 15, 
1836.  In 1837 the Cumberland Valley Railroad was built through High 
Street, at the request of some, though not without vigorous protest of 
other citizens of the town; and in the same year the old market-house, 
a low wooden structure in the form of the letter L, laid out upon the 
southeast section of the Public Square, was also erected.  It was the 
third building of the kind, and occupied the site of the original "deep 
quarry" of 1753, where the present commodious brick structure now 
stands.
  Dr. Crooks, in his "Life of Rev. John McClintock," writing long 
afterward but thinking of these early days, gives the following, 
somewhat imaginative picture of Carlisle in 1839:
  "The valley in the midst of which Carlisle stands has often been 
compared by the imaginative mind to the happy vale of Rasselas.  
Encircled lovingly on either side by the Blue Mountain ridge, and 
enveloped in an atmosphere of crystal clearness, on which the play of 
light and shade produce every hour some new and stirring effect, it was 
in a measure withdrawn from the tumult of the world.  The tumult might 
be heard in the distance, but did not come near enough to disturb the 
calm of studious pursuits."
  "The town preserved the traditions of learned culture which has 
distinguished it from the beginning of the present century.  Its 
population was 

237  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

not enterprising; manufacturing was but little, if at all, known to it.  
The rich soil of the valley poured out every year abundant harvests, 
and the borough was no more than the center of exchange and the market 
for supplies.
  "The steady pace and even pulse of agricultural life seemed here to 
tone down the feverish excitement which is the usual condition under 
which American society exists."
  Early on the morning of Monday, March 24, 1845, the court house which 
had been erected originally upon that square in 1765-66, and afterward 
extended in 1802, was destroyed by fire.  The old bell, which had been 
a much valued gift from the Penn family, gave forth its last sounds as 
it struck the hour of one, ere it sank to silence in the flames below.  
This bell, it is said, was originally sent from England as a present to 
the Episcopal Church or Chapel, but was used, by general consent, for 
the court house, on condition that it should be returned to the church 
at some future time.

                          THE BOROUGH IN 1846.

  The local statistics of the borough, January 1, 1846, are as follows:  
There are 3 printing offices and papers - the Herald and Expositor 
(weekly), edited by Mr. Beatty, and devoted to the cause of the Whigs; 
the American Volunteer, edited by Messrs. Boyers and Bratton, 
Democratic; the Pennsylvania Statesman, by J. S. Gitt, a Democratic 
semi-weekly paper.  The first paper established in this county was 
edited and published by Mr. Kline in 1782, and was called Kline's 
Carlisle Weekly Gazette.  There are 10 churches, 48 stores, a number of 
shops, 4 warehouses, 12 physicians, 3 foundries, common schools 
sufficient, Dickinson College, under the superintendence of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church; a new court house, 25 shoe establishments, 
4 hatters, 18 tailors, 2 chandleries, 2 auction stores, 7 cabinet-
makers, 16 carpenters, 2 coach-makers, 3 brick-makers, 20 bricklayers 
and masons, 2 bakeries, 5 cake bakers, 1 ropewalk, 1 grist-mill, 12 
taverns, 3 distilleries, 5 tinners and coppersmiths, 5 tanners, 6 
saddlers, 5 coopers, 2 breweries, 9 butchers, 6 painters, 3 chair-
makers, 11 plasterers, 3 dyers, 5 weavers, 2 silver-platers, _ 
locksmith, 2 gunsmiths, 1 lime burner, 3 wagon-makers, 3 stone-cutters, 
14 blacksmiths, 5 watch-makers, 2 barbers, 3 dentists, 1 clock-maker, 3 
jewelry shops, 1 mattress-maker, 2 threshing-machine manufactories, 3 
board-yards, 3 livery-stables, 2 bookbinderies, 2 spinning-wheel 
manufactories, 1 brush-maker, 2 pump-makers, 5 gardeners, 1 dairy, 1 
stocking-weaver, 2 cigar-makers, 9 mantua-makers, 6 milliners, 1 bird-
stuffing establishment, 5 music-teachers, 4 justices of the peace, 12 
male school-teachers, 5 female school-teachers, a large market-house, 
15 lawyers, with a sufficient number of physicians, professors, and 
ministers of the gospel.
  At this time (1846) the appearance of Carlisle was, as might be 
expected, very different from what it is to-day.  The present jail had 
not been built, the present court house had been erected that year; the 
old open market-house, with its low roof and pillars, stood upon the 
square; the Episcopal Church stood where it now stands, but with its 
gothic steeple built at its eastern extremity, and with the square 
enclosed with iron chains, depending from heavy posts.  To the west, 
upon the other square, was, of course, the venerable stone church, but 
without its modern tower; and beyond, where the house and grounds of 
Mrs. Robert Givin now are, the long, low line of buildings, the front 
one of which was used as a hotel.  The pavements were of stone flags.  
The railroad, as we have mentioned, ran through the street, but the 
square was more open, and the town had a more rural and primitive 
appearance, more in keeping with the imaginative picture we have 
presented of it. 

238  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

                            McCLINTOCK RIOT.

  In June, 1847, occurred in Carlisle what is known as the McClintock 
riot.  It was caused by the resistance made to the capture of three 
runaway slaves, and resulted in the death of one of the men who had 
come for them, and in the trial of a great number of negroes and of Dr. 
McClintock, who was, however, with some of the others, acquitted.*
  We have now brought the history of Carlisle down to a period within 
the recollection of many of its inhabitants.  It is a history which is 
full of interest; which embraces the early Indian days, the 
"Provincial" and the "Revolutionary" periods, down to the present; 
during which time a great government has been founded, and a great 
nation has sprung into existence.  To preserve that nation, Carlisle 
also did its duty.

                          WAR OF THE REBELLION.
  
  During the late war Cumberland County was prompt in furnishing its 
quota for the defense of the National Government.  Six companies left 
Carlisle and participated bravely in a number of the most severely 
contested battles of the war.
  During a great part of the struggle the inhabitants of the valley 
were kept in a state of constant alarm by reason of frequent threatened 
invasions of the enemy, and stampedes often from an imaginary foe.  
There was almost, therefore, a feeling of relief when the confederate 
forces actually made their appearance in the summer of 1863.
  The first alarm of the approach of the enemy was early in June, but 
the alarm subsided, and scarcely had the people begun to be lulled into 
a fatal security, when the news was received that the entire Rebel Army 
was advancing down the valley.  Two New York Regiments, the Eighth and 
Seventy-first, which had been stationed at Shippensburg, retreated to 
this place, and began making active preparations for defense.  Militia 
were organized, pickets were thrown out, and rude breastworks were 
hastily constructed about a mile west of the town.  On Wednesday, June 
24, the home companies proceeded to the scene of the expected action on 
the turnpike.  During the afternoon the cavalry pickets on the 
Shippensburg road were driven slowly in, and at evening reported the 
enemy to be within four miles of the town.  A scene of excitement 
ensued, which lasted during the following day.  College commencement 
was held at an early hour in the chapel, and the class graduated 
without much formality, troops were drawn up in the streets, and, 
altogether, the town wore quite a military and rather disturbed aspect.  
On Friday it was more than usually quiet, but on Saturday morning (June 
27), the cavalry pickets fell back through the place and announced that 
the enemy was at hand.  It was Jenkins' cavalry.  They were met by 
several citizens and informed that the town was without troops and that 
no resistance would be made.  Accordingly they advanced and entered the 
town quietly from the west, with their horses at a walk, but with their 
guns in position to be used at a moment's warning.  A portion went to 
the garrison and the rest came back and stopped at the Market House 
Square.  The hotels wee filled with officers and the streets with 
soldiers.  A requisition for 1,500 rations was made upon the town, and 
was immediately supplied by the citizens.  At 5 o'clock in the 
afternoon the sound of music announced the arrival of Gen. Ewell's 
corps, which came by the way of the Walnut Bottom road, its bands 
playing "Dixie" as it marched through the streets of Carlisle.  They 
presented a sorry appearance.

  *A full account of this riot and the trial which followed can be 
found in Dr. Crook's Life of Rev. John McClintock. 

239  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

Many of them were shoeless or hatless, most of them were ragged and 
dirty, and all were wearied with their long march.  A brigade encamped 
upon the college grounds and others at the United States Garrison; 
guards were posted, and strict orders to permit no violence or outrage 
were issued, and so well enforced that scarcely a trace of occupation 
by a hostile force was visible after their departure.
  Upon the failure of the authorities to comply with an extravagant 
requisition for supplies, squads of soldiers, accompanied by an 
officer, were commanded to help themselves from the stores and 
warehouses.  On Monday, 29th, the force showed symptoms of retiring, 
and before the dawn of the next day the rumbling of the wagon train 
announced the movement of the army.
  About 2 o'clock in the afternoon (Tuesday, June 30) some 400 of Col. 
Cochran's cavalry entered the town from the Dillsburg road, and were 
soon riding wildly through the streets, shouting, screaming and acting 
like madmen.  During the night the entire force of the enemy left, 
after having destroyed the railroad bridge, and by Wednesday (July 1) 
the town was clear of the last band of rebels, when, amid the 
acclamations of the people, the Union troops entered with several 
batteries of artillery.*
  The most exciting scene in this little drama was yet to come.  At 
about 7 o'clock in the evening of this day (July 1, 1863), a large body 
of cavalry (under Gen. Fitzhugh Lee) made its appearance at the 
junction of the Trindle Spring and York roads, and at first were 
supposed to be a portion of our own forces.  Their boldness was well 
calculated to produce such an impression.  They came within 200 yards 
of the town, sat in their saddles, gazing up the street at the stacked 
arms of the infantry.  After a few shots had been exchanged, they 
commenced shelling the town.  The citizens were upon the streets at the 
time.  The utmost alarm prevailed.  For more than half an hour the 
bombardment was kept up, when they begun raking the town with grape.  
At about dusk they ceased firing and dispatched a flag of truce with a 
demand for the surrender of the town.  This was indignantly refused.  
The bombardment was renewed with greater violence than before.  The 
scene which followed it would be difficult to describe.  Many persons 
began fleeing from their homes, some to seek protection in the open 
country, and others to find a refuge from the shells in the cellars of 
their dwellings.  At about 10 o'clock a great sheet of flame spread 
over the sky in the northeast, and the angry crackling of the fire, as 
it mounted heavenward, could be heard amid the roar of the artillery.  
They had fired the barracks.  Just when the scene was grandest the 
artillery ceased, and, in the silence which succeeded, another flag of 
truce was sent into the town, and another demand was made for its 
unconditional surrender.  This was again refused.  After shelling the 
town again, more feebly, however, than before, and destroying, in 
addition to the barracks, the gas works and some private property, the 
confederate forces retired.
  Gen. Fitzhugh Lee withdrew with his forces that night over the 
mountains, and in the afternoon of that ever memorable 2d of July, the 
people in Carlisle could hear the heavy thunder of the guns at 
Gettysburg.
  In the light of subsequent events there is no doubt that Carlisle 
could have easily been captured, and that the shelling of the town was 
meant, in part at least, only to cover the retreat of these Confederate 
forces, who were already under the shadow of the great catastrophe 
which was to follow.

                    SITUATION, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC.

  The borough of Carlisle is situated in latitude 40d. 12' north, 
longitude 77d. 10' west, eighteen miles west of Harrisburg, in the 
Cumberland Valley, bounded

  *At sunrise Col. Body's cavalry, and half past 6 o'clock Gen. Smith, 
preceeded by three regiments. 

240  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

upon either side by the long ranges of the Blue or Kittatinny 
Mountains.  The town lies in the midst of a rolling country which is 
both beautiful and productive.
  The borough is laid out into wide and straight streets, rectangular, 
well macadamized, and with many trees which, particularly during the 
spring and summer months, add greatly to the beauty of the town.  The 
two principal streets, High and Hanover, are eighty, and all the others 
sixty, feet in width.  The Public Square in the center of the town, 
bisected by the two principal streets, is peculiarly attractive.  It is 
handsomely laid out, ornamented with trees, and has the court house, 
market-house, First Presbyterian Church and St. John's Episcopal Church 
on its four corners.
  A monument erected to the memory and inscribed with the names of the 
officers and men who fell during the Rebellion, stands upon the 
southwestern portion of the square.  The court house, also upon the 
southwest corner of the square, was erected in 1846, the one previously 
erected in 1766 and extended in 1802, to which the cupola, containing a 
clock, was added in 1809, having been destroyed by fire.  The present 
brick building has a massive portico somewhat after the Greek style, 
supported by heavy white pillars, and is surmounted by a cupola and 
clock for public uses.  The commodious modern brick market-house, 
erected in 1878, occupies the whole of the southeastern section of the 
square.  The county jail, on the corner of Main and Bedford Streets, is 
a large and imposing brown stone structure with high turreted front and 
round tower, and which might almost be mistaken for a Rhenish castle, 
if it stood on the green slopes of that romantic river.  It was built 
in 1854, on the site of the old prison, which was erected just one 
century before, and which was enlarged in 1790.  The county almshouse, 
beyond the eastern border of the town, is as large and commodious 
establishment, with farm attached.  Beyond it, looking toward the town, 
to the right, and only about half a mile away are the large lawns and 
long lines of yellow buildings, known heretofore as the Carlisle 
Barracks.  They were built by the Hessians captured at Trenton, in 
1777.  They have been occupied by troops, cavalry, artillery and 
infantry, or have been used as a recruiting station during most of the 
time since the Revolution.  They have also been the home, at different 
times, of many of the officers, both Union and ex-Confederate, who were 
engaged in the late war.  On the night of July 1, 1863, they were 
almost totally destroyed by the Confederate forces under Gen. Fitzhugh 
Lee, but they have since been thoroughly rebuilt, extended and 
beautified, and for the last five years have been used as a training 
school for the education of Indians.

                                CHURCHES.

  There are many churches in Carlisle, so that almost every religious 
denomination is represented in the structures which they have erected, 
in which each individual can worship God according to his conscience.  
Of these, for its solid architectural beauty and its age, the old First 
Presbyterian stone church, on the northwest corner of the square, is 
particularly worthy of mention.  Although built before the Revolution, 
two Presbyterian Churches had preceded it.  The first church edifice 
erected in Carlisle by what was then known as the "old side," a two-
story building, stood at the northeastern intersection of Hanover and 
Louther Streets, and was erected about 1758; and the church erected by 
the "new side" was at the southwestern intersection of Hanover and 
Pomfret Streets, and was probably erected about the same time.  Rev. 
John Steel was pastor of the former, and George Duffield, D. D., was 
ordained pastor of the latter in 1761.  The next church edifice erected 
by the old side - which is the present First Presbyterian Church - was 
begun in 1769 and 

241  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

probably finished in 1772, at which time Dr. Duffield removed to 
Philadelphia, and the two congregations were afterward, in May, 1786, 
united.  The large additional stone tower was erected in 1873, but the 
main body of the building, with its solid masonry of grey limestone 
with marble trimmings, stands as it was first constructed.
  St. John's Episcopal Church, on the northeast corner of the square, 
was built in 1825, near the site of its predecessor, erected about 
1765, and is a very neat and tasteful Gothic building.  The chapel was 
added in 1885.
  The Second Presbyterian Church, on the southeast corner of Hanover 
and Pomfret Streets, is a fine specimen of the usual modern gothic 
type, and was erected in 1872, on the site of the former erected in 
1834.  (In 1833 a portion of the Presbyterian congregation, by reason 
of a doctrinal dispute, organized themselves into a separate 
congregation and worshiped in the county hall till 1834, when their 
first church was built.)
  Methodist Episcopal Church. - After the Revolution the Methodists met 
in the market place, then in the court house, and subsequently in a 
small frame building on Pomfret Street, in which place they formed a 
small class in 1792-93.  A few years afterward, in 1802, they built a 
small stone house on Lot 61, at the corner of Pitt Street and Church 
Alley, which was followed in 1815 by a more commodious building on 
Church Alley; and this, in turn, gave way to another of still larger 
proportions on the corner of Pitt and High Streets, where the present 
church now stands.  This was taken down in 1876, and the present 
Centennial Church erected.  In 1854 a portion of the members withdrew, 
and after worshiping for a time in the chapel of Dickinson College, 
erected the church edifice known as Emory Chapel, which, after the 
reunion of the congregations, was used as the preparatory department of 
the college.
  English Lutheran. - The German Reformed and Lutheran congregations 
worshiped on alternate Sabbaths in the same church (which stood upon 
the present German Reformed burying-ground) until 1807, when each 
congregation erected a house of worship for its own use.  The Lutherans 
built theirs near the corner of Louther and Bedford streets, but it was 
burned down in the destructive fire of March, 1851.*  It was 
immediately rebuilt.  It is their present place of worship.
  The German Reformed Church (built in 1807) was located on the lot 
afterward used as a preparatory school building of Dickinson College.  
Having sold it, they built, in 1827, a church at the corner of High and 
Pitt Streets, which they afterward sold to the Methodist Episcopal 
congregation, and, in 1835, erected the one which they now occupy on 
Louther Street. During the year 1866 they remodeled the church, greatly 
enlarged the building, which they surmounted with a spire 127 feet in 
height.  The style is gothic, with stained windows and interior 
frescoed.
  German Lutheran. - In 1853 the German portion of the Lutheran 
congregation separated from the English, and erected a neat church on 
the corner of Bedford and Pomfret Streets.
  The Roman Catholic Church, on Pomfret Street, is built in the figure 
of a cross.  It was erected in 1807, and enlarged in 1823.  The lot 
upon which it stands was owned at an early day by the Jesuits of 
Conowago, who had upon it a small log church, in which the Roman 
Catholic congregation worshiped until the present one was built.

  *On a windy night, the 13th of March, 1851, occurred one of the 
largest fires that has ever devastated the town.  Some forty-two 
buildings were destroyed, and among these was the English Lutheran 
Church, near the corner of Bedford and Louther Streets.  It was 
immediately rebuilt.  On this occasion all the inmates of what was then 
the old jail, were liberated, necessity compelling the jailor to give 
them temporary freedom.

242  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

  An Associated Presbyterian congregation was organized in 1798.  They 
had bought, two years previously, a lot from the Penns, and on it they 
erected a stone church, on South West Street, in 1802, which was 
purchased and remodeled in 1866, and re-opened as the Church of God.  
It is now the Methodist African Zion Church.
  The Evangelical Association has a very creditable church upon Louther 
Street, built in 1869.  Besides these which we have mentioned, there 
are several African churches in the town, and a very beautiful gothic 
mission chapel, built in 1884, in the northeastern portion of the town, 
a donation of Mrs. Mary Biddle, of Philadelphia.

                               CEMETERIES.

  The two principal burial places of the borough are the beautiful 
Ashland Cemetery - with its winding walks overshadowed by green trees - 
which was dedicated as a place of burial, on Sabbath afternoon, October 
8, 1865; and the Old Graveyard, coincident with the borough in its 
birth, which contains the monuments of very many old families and noted 
names. 

                    SCHOOLS, INSTITUTES AND COLLEGE.

  The public school buildings of the borough, eight in number, are 
ample in size and well adapted to their purpose.  (The common school 
system went into operation in Carlisle August 15, 1836.  There were 
then 16 schools and 928 scholars.  In 1879 there were 20 schools and 
1,003 scholars, 481 being males and 522 females).  The schools, now 21 
in number, are judiciously graded, and the high school will compare 
favorably in grade and thoroughness of training with similar 
institutions elsewhere.
  The importance of education was fully appreciated by the earlier 
settlers, and the church and the school were inseparable companions.  A 
classical academy was in existence in Carlisle prior to the 
Revolutionary war.
  An account of the "Metzgar Female Institute," "Indian Industrial 
School" and "Dickinson College" will be found in the Educational 
Chapter XI., page 195.

                               LIBRARIES.

  The libraries in the borough consist of the Law Library, in the court 
house building, which, containing not only the various State reports, 
but the English reports also, and many text-books, is as complete as 
can be found in any town in the State; the College Library, and the 
libraries of the two societies belonging to the College; and the 
Hamilton Historical Library, for which a separate building, 
comparatively as yet without books, has been erected from funds left by 
its founder, James Hamilton, Esq.

                               NEWSPAPERS.

  The first newspaper published in Carlisle was called The Carlisle 
Weekly Gazette, edited by Messrs. Kline & Reynolds.  It was a small 
four page paper, the first number of which was issued in July, 1785.  
The present papers in Carlisle are the Carlisle Herald, the American 
Volunteer and the daily and weekly Valley Sentinel.  The Carlisle Eagle 
(Federal) was commenced as early as 1799, and was the progenitor in a 
straight line of descent, of the present (Republican) paper.  The 
American Volunteer was born September 15, 1814, and has always been 
consistently, or inconsistently, democratic.  The Valley Sentinel 
(Democratic) was started in April, 1861, at Shippensburg.  It was 
purchased by Mr. H. K. Peffer, its present proprietor, in May, 1874, 
and removed to Carlisle.  The Daily Evening Sentinel was first issued 
in December, 1881. 

243  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

Portrait of H. Manning.

244  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

Blank Page

245  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

                   MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC.

  Carlisle is still, as it always has been, chiefly the county seat and 
center of a rich agricultural district, but of late years, with the 
more developed resources, and more extended railroad facilities of the 
Cumberland Valley, it has grown with its growth and awakened to the 
importance of the manufacturing industries also.  The most extensive 
industrial establishments are the shoe, carriage and large car 
factories, the chain and spoke works, machine-shops and foundry.  The 
new car-works are very extensive buildings, erected in 1882, lying 
within the eastern boundary of the borough.  There is, of course, the 
usual, or more than the usual, number of various mercantile 
establishments, banks, etc., of which the town seems always to have 
been well supplied.

                         GAS AND WATER COMPANY.

  Carlisle is plentifully supplied with pure limestone water from the 
reservoir on the Conodoguinet Creek, and the streets of the town are 
also lighted with gas, both reservoirs being under the control of an 
incorporated stock company, started in 1853.

                               SOCIETIES.

  The Young Men's Christian Association, of Carlisle, was organized 
March 21, 1859, by a number of leading Christian men in the town, when 
Mr. Joseph C. Hoffer was chosen president.  The association opened a 
public reading room in Marion Hall on West High Street, on September 
19, of the same year.  They had a library of 405 volumes, the gift of 
the citizens, and in their rooms and upon their tables and files were 
found six daily newspapers, fifty weekly religious and secular papers, 
and magazines.  The association also sustained a series of free 
lectures, which were largely attended, and it also maintained a union 
prayer meeting, which was held weekly under its auspices.  The 
association did a good work for the community by its free reading-room 
and religious work.  The records show 1,944 visits to the rooms from 
the 19th of September, 1859, to March 21, 1860.  After some time the 
rooms were closed, but the religious work of the association was 
sustained, when, on Friday evening, August 2, 1867, pursuant to a 
notice given at the young men's prayer meeting, which was held on 
Monday evening, previous, a committee, consisting of a number of 
leading church members, was appointed to take into consideration the 
practicability of reorganizing the Young Men's Christian Association.  
The committee reporting favorably, the organization was at once 
effected, with Mr. Jacob C. Stock as president, who filled the office 
until January, 1868.  Public reading-rooms were opened on the second 
floor of the Kramer building, on the corner of West High Street and 
Court House Avenue.  A circulating library was again opened and six 
leading daily newspapers and eight monthly magazines were provided, 
besides a number of weekly papers.  A daily morning meeting was 
instituted, cottage prayer meetings were carried on under the direction 
of the association, and monthly sermons were preached for the benefit 
of young men.  Mr. H. K. Peffer was elected president for the year 
1868.  In the spring of 1869 the association vacated their rooms on 
West High Street, moving into the second-floor rooms, known as the 
"Halbert corner," on the southeast corner of North Hanover and Louther 
Streets.  In connection with the other religious services of the 
association, open air meetings were conducted in different parts of the 
town on the Sabbath evening during the summer and early fall.  Mr. John 
T. Green served the association as president during the years 1869 and 
1870.  In the spring of 1870 the young men vacated their rooms, 
sustaining a religious work of the association and holding 

246  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

their business meetings at the homes of members.  Mr. J. C. Stock was 
again elected president, serving from 1871 to 1873 inclusive.  The 
association instituted Sabbath afternoon meetings at the jail and also 
at the county almshouse, and a tract distributor was appointed for the 
town work.  In the beginning of the year 1872, the association 
purchased the Mission Chapel located at the corner of North and East 
streets, known as Dickinson Mission Chapel, the amount paid being $900.  
Mr. J. C. Stock was elected superintendent of the school, which 
numbered about thirty scholars.  The State Convention of the Young 
Men's Christian Association of Pennsylvania was held at Carlisle 
September 10 and 12, 1872, with 150 delegates in attendance.  Mr. John 
H. Wolf was elected and served as president of the association for the 
year 1874.  Mr. Andrew Blair was president during the year 1875, he was 
also elected by the association as superintendent of the Mission 
Sunday-school.  Mr. Samuel Coyle was elected and served the association 
as its president from 1876 until his death which occurred August 23, 
1879, when Rev. William Halbert was chosen president serving until 
within a short time of his death, in March, 1881.  In October, 1879, 
the association again rented and furnished rooms in the Patton 
building, northwest corner of West High and North Pitt Streets.  The 
Mission Chapel was sold to Mr. Andrew Blair in December, 1880, for the 
sum of $500.  In March, 1881, Mr. A. A. Line was elected president of 
the association, serving until January, 1883.  In April, 1881, the 
association moved into the Given building, located on Church avenue, 
north of West High street.  December 5, 1881, the following resolution 
was passed by the association.  That Allan A. Line, president, Harry 
Wetzel, Levi Brenneman, Reuben Brubaker and Charles E. Eckels, members 
of the executive committee, and W. Scott Coyle, treasurer, and Mirvin 
McMillen, recording secretary, are hereby authorized and directed to 
sign the application of the court of common pleas for a charter of 
incorporation of this association under the corporate name of "The 
Young Men's Christian Association of Carlisle, Pennsylvania."  The 
boys' work was established in the fall of 1882, when weekly 
entertainments were held for them, consisting of talks of travel, 
chemical experiments on scientific subjects, magic lantern 
entertainments, etc.  In November, 1882, the association with the 
assistance of W. A. Bowen, assistant State secretary of Pennsylvania, 
raised a subscription of $1,000 to meet the current expenses of the 
association for the coming year, including the employment of a 
competent general secretary to have charge and oversight of the entire 
work of the association, the maintaining of a free reading-room, and 
the general enlargement of the work.  Mr. David R. Thompson was elected 
president of the association for 1883.  Prof. J. A. McKnight of 
Pennsylvania, was chosen as general secretary to the association, at a 
salary of $50 per month.  He took charge of the association January 25, 
1883.
  The boys' branch was organized as a part of the association, which, 
in a short time, numbered forty members.  Also the ladies' auxillary 
society was organized as part of the association.  August 13, 1883, the 
association moved into Marion Hall building, on West High street, using 
the parlors on the first floor for daily and evening reading-rooms, and 
having control of the halls and rooms on the second floor front, also 
the large back building and spacious yard.  Mr. D. D. Thompson was 
elected president of the association for the year 1884.  In November, 
1884, Prof. J. A. McKnight, the general secretary, was called to the 
Allentown Association, when Mr. F. M. Welsh, of Philadelphia, acted as 
general secretary for the Carlisle Association, until July, 1885, when 
J. F. Mohler, of Carlisle, served as general secretary until the 
following October, when Mr. A. B. Paul, assistant secretary of Columbus 
(Ohio) Associa-

247  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

tion, was called to fill the position, and is general secretary at the 
present time.  Mr. John C. Eckels, Jr., served as president of the 
association for the year 1885, when his successor, Dr. George Neidich, 
was called to the chair for the year 1886.  The membership of the 
association has varied at different times throughout its history, 
numbering from thirty to sixty, while at the present writing it numbers 
165, active, associate and sustaining.  A decided step in advance was 
taken when the association employed a general secretary for the 
supervision of the work.  Religious meetings are held for young men 
only on Sabbath afternoons, with an average attendance of thirty.  A 
class for Bible study on Tuesday evenings.  A meeting for boys semi-
monthly on Friday evenings, when they are provided with practical 
talks, wonder lectures and entertainments.  At stated times public 
receptions are held at the rooms for members and contributors, for 
clerks and mechanics, and during the winter of 1885-86 a course of 
lectures and entertainments was arranged for the public, which have 
given great satisfaction.  The association, in its present appointment, 
is meeting the demands needed for the work among the youth and young 
men of the community.  (Communicated.)

  Temperance Societies. - The subject of temperance received early 
attention in Cumberland County.  As early as 1829 a society, pledging 
its members to total abstinence from all intoxicating drinks, was 
formed in Carlisle, the first of the kind in the county. Distilleries 
were regarded then as legitimately necessary business enterprises, and 
the drinking of ardent spirits was not only approved by society, but a 
failure to do so was looked upon with disfavor.  It may well be 
conjectured that moral heroism was required to join a total abstinence 
temperance organization at that time, when the Cumberland Valley had 
some eighty distilleries.
  But the cause of temperance grew, and with it a public conscience on 
the subject.  Men of position finally gave it their sanction and 
influence.  Organizations in various parts of the county sprang up, 
whose meetings were largely attended.  On Christmas Day, 1835, the 
annual meeting of a county organization was held, at which such men as 
Rev. Dr. Durbin, of Dickinson College, and John Reed, president-judge 
of the court of common pleas, participated, and succeeded in passing 
the following resolution:  "Resolved, That the cause of temperance is 
the cause of humanity, of philanthropy and of religion; and that all 
laws licensing or in any way recognizing the traffic in, or sale of, 
ardent spirits, are erroneous in principle and injurious in practice."
  Temperance has an unceasing warfare to wage.  The conflict between 
the stomach and the brain is a severe one; and with the unthinking, who 
seek present gratification at the expense of personal and society 
welfare, victory usually declares in favor of the stomach.  Hence the 
beneficent results expected by temperance advocates have not always 
been fully realized.
  St. John's Commandery, No. 8, M. K. T.  Number of present members, 
seventy-nine.  Names of present officers:  Rev. Jeremiah M. Carvell, E. 
C.; Samuel R. Cloudy, Genlo.; William R. Bailie, Capt. Gen.; Joshua P. 
Bitler, Treas.; John G. Bobb, Recorder.
  St. John's Chapter, No. 171, R. A. M., organized August, 1853. 
Charter members:  Dr. Charles E. Blumenthal, John Hyer, Dr. George Z. 
Bretz, Dr. O. H. Tiffany, John Gutshall, James M. Allen, S. M. L. 
Consor, Ephraim Cornman, George Weise.  Present number of members, 
sixty-seven.  Present officers:  Charles W. Strohm, M. E. H. P.; Rev. 
Jeremiah M. Carvell, K.; Edward J. Gardner, S.; John Hyer, Treasurer; 
John G. Bobb, Secretary.
  Cumberland Star Lodge, No. 197, F. & A. M., organized November 6, 
1824.  Charter members:  Willis Foulk, George Patterson, Jr., and John 
Lease.  Pres-

248  HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

ent membership, ninety.  Present officers:  Niles M. Fissel, W. M.; E. 
J. Gardner, S. W.; John Olliver, J. W.; W. Vance, Treasurer; Theodore 
Cornman, Secretary.
  St. John's Lodge, No. 260, F. & A. M.  Organized April, 1852.  
Charter members:  Dr. Blumenthal, John Hyer, Dr. Geo. L. Bretz, Dr. O. 
H. Tiffany, R. K. Burns, Michael G. Ege, Rev. Herman M. Johnson, 
William J. Collisshaw, H. J. Meck.  Present number of members, eighty-
two.  Present officers:  Chas. W. Strohm, W. M.; John A. Means, S. W.; 
Joseph L. Herman, J. W.; William H. Bretz, Treasurer; John G. Bobb, 
Secretary.
  Carlisle Lodge, No. 91, I. O. O. F.  Instituted December 22, 1843.  
Charter members:  Edward P. Lyons, N. G.; Holmes Fernald, V. G.; Thomas 
Conlyn, Sec.; John C. Williams, Ass't Sec.; Peter Monyer, Treas.  
Present number of members, 119.  Present officers:  J. H. Gardner, N. 
G.; Dr. I. M. Bentz, V. G.; Theodore Cornman, Sec.; H. G. Beetem, Ass't 
Sec.; Robert Sheaffer, Treas.
  Conodoguinet Tribe, No. 108, I. O. R. M.  Established September 27, 
1868.  Charter members:  F. C. Kramer, C. C. Faber, Levi Leeds, John 
Yaiser, L. Leidig, John Liszman, H. Gotverth, Wm. Elmer, P. Liszman, 
Peter Miller, John Doner, A. More, H. Linekhul, Fred A. Chel.  Number 
of present members, 55.  Present officers:  Harry G. Beetem, P.; Louis 
Klucker, S.; J. R. Brown, S. S.; Charles Faber, J. S.; A. B. Ewing, K. 
of W.; C. C. Faber, C. of R.   
  Knights of the Golden Eagle, Carlisle Castle, No. 110.  Instituted in 
July, 1886.  Present membership, 75.  Present officers:  J. E. Barnitz, 
N. C.; O. F. Conly, V. C.; William Vance, P. C.; _____ Weltzel, H. P.
  Patriotic Order Sons of America, Washington Camp, No. 171, was 
chartered June 18, 1886, with 43 names.
  Sons of Veterans, Captain Beatty Camp, No. 35, was instituted January 
30, 1883. 
   There was also instituted, in October, 1885, for social and 
insurance benefits, the Improved Order of Heptasophs. 

                               CONCLUSION.

  We have given briefly, in the foregoing pages, a general outline of 
the history of this old and historic borough.  The town, until of late 
years, has been noted principally, not as a mercantile or manufacturing 
center, but as a place of homes.  In it there are many handsome 
residences, built by those who have left the more busy scenes of active 
life, or those who have always lived retired lives, withdrawn, in a 
measure, from the tumult of the world.  Its capital has often been 
idle, and it has been conservative in its business interests.  On the 
other hand, the beneficial influences of its institutions of learning 
are clearly perceptible, while the social atmosphere of the place, 
although much changed since the days when it was a military post, makes 
it still a distinctive town in the Valley in this respect