HISTORY: Warner Beers, 1886, Part 2, Chapter 35, Cumberland County, PA Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by Judy Bookwalter Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/ ______________________________________________________________________ History of Cumberland and Adams Counties, Pennsylvania. Containing History of the Counties, Their Townships, Towns, Villages, Schools, Churches, Industries, Etc.; Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men; Biographies; History of Pennsylvania; Statistical and Miscellaneous Matter, Etc., Etc. Illustrated. Chicago: Warner, Beers & Co., 1886. http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/beers/beers.htm ______________________________________________________________________ PART II. HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER XXXV. SOUTH MIDDLETON TOWNSHIP AND BOROUGH OF MOUNT HOLLY SPRINGS. SOUTH MIDDLETON TOWNSHIP was originally a portion of Middleton, which was created from Pennsborough in 1750, but divided into its northern and southern townships in November, 1810. It lies just south of Carlisle, bounded on the north by North Middleton and Middlesex; on the east by Monroe; on the south by the counties of York and Adams, and on the west by Dickinson and a small portion of West Pennsborough. The character of the soil is not the same in all portions of the township. In its southern extremity the South Mountains slope gradually, like a great wave, broken into crevasses and smaller valleys, until it reaches the rich limestone lands below. There is a great contrast. The former is scrub pine and forest mountain land, and was long ago described as "a wild and desert region covered with forests, which yield fuel for furnaces in them or on their borders; but offering little attraction to any except the woodcutter and the hunter," while below the soil is of almost exceptional fertility, with highly cultivated farms, good buildings and large barns. If one reaches the South Mountains he finds that the rocks are of a different character from those of the level region. Lying along this range he meets with compact white sandstone, some portions timbered, some barren, others with laurel undergrowth and brush. At Pine Grove, on Mountain Creek, there is a detached bed of limestone land, with brown argillaceous earth and hematite iron ore, which had always furnished a plentiful supply to the furnace of that place. Among the numerous branches of the Cumberland Valley Railroad the South Mountain, originally built to Pine Grove Furnace for the transportation of the iron ores and manufactured products of that region, but now extended to Gettysburg, is exceedingly interesting on account of the wildness of the scenery. The view as you pass along over these mountains toward Gettysburg is varied by intervals of forest, rude rocks, abrupt or broken declivities, deep chasms, over which the road is supported by trestle work, reminding one still of the unbroken and silent wilderness, but into which civilization is already 348 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. pushing its way. These remarks apply only to the southern or mountainous portion of the township, for the greater part, the northern and limestone land consists, as we have said, of fertile fields and farms. ROADS AND STREAMS. Of the numerous roads which lead in every direction, and many of which are well macadamized, we may mention particularly the old Carlisle and Hanover turnpike, which was for many years the principal route to Baltimore, and which was laid out principally by parties who lived in South Middleton Township in 1812. The streams by which the township is well watered are the Yellow Breeches Creek, Letort Spring, Boiling Spring and Mountain Run; the former flowing through nearly the center of the township, east and west, and the two latter nearly north and south.* EARLY SETTLEMENTS. THIS PORTION OF Cumberland County, which is now South Middleton Township, was settled at a very early period. James Le Tort, a French- Swiss, and one of the old Indian interpreters, lived in the township at the head of the spring which bears his name, as early, it is said, as 1720. William Patterson afterward owned this farm at the head of the Letort, and Hugh Stuart, the grandfather of Jos. A. Stuart, also occupied this "Patterson tract." The earliest warrant of land which lay in what is now South Middleton, of which we have any knowledge, was one granted to George Brandon, in 1743, of a tract of land which lay on the York County line on the turnpike. The Craigheads were among the earliest settlers on the Yellow Breeches Creek. Most, if not all, of these earlier settlers were Scotch-Irish. Such were the Craigheads, Stuarts, Pattersons, Mahaffeys, Eges, Grahams, Moores, Saundersons, McClures, Dennys, Holmes, and others, all of which names date back to the formation of the county. Among other old families, besides those mentioned elsewhere, are the Burkholders, Gliems, Myers, Zugs, Weakleys, Bradleys, Givins, Ritners, Searights, Ahls, Flemmings, Kauffmans (whose descendants laid out Boiling Springs), Peters, Goodyears, McFeeleys, Eisenhaeurs, and others. The name "Trent" is found at a very early period, and the gap now known as Mount Holly was originally called Trent's Gap. Of the present families who live upon the lands originally settled, James B. Weakley occupies part of the original tact taken up by his grandfather, James Weakley; William Moore and the Craigheads also occupy a portion of the lands first settled by their families. The only land in the vicinity of Boiling Springs which is still in possession of (maternal) descendants of first settlers of it is that now owned by A. M. Leidich. Andrew Holmes owned a large tract in the township, upon a portion of which Mr. George W. Hilton now lives. The Pattersons were early settlers, and occupied a large tract on Letort. Stephen Foulk lived in the township, on a farm near the toll gate, now owned by Joseph Stuart. George A. Lyon, Esq., and James Hamilton, Esq., both lawyers of Carlisle, owned large farms in the township. Above the Richard Peters' tract, west of Boiling Springs, large tracts were taken up at a very early period by Joseph Gaylie and Patrick Hasson. On the south side of the Yellow Breeches Creek large tracts, extending to the mountains, were taken up by Charles and Guian Mahaffey; while to the east of *Letort Spring rises to the township, from a large fountain as its source, near Carlisle; Boiling Spring flows but for a short distance; Mountain Creek flows down through the winding gorges of the mountains, and, at a point near Craighead's Station, empties into the Yellow Breeches Creek. 349 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. Boiling Springs lands were taken up originally by James and Andrew Crockert. In the vicinity of Boiling Springs there are three tracts which are particularly worthy of mention: The ore banks, a large tract adjacent, and the land upon which the town of Boiling Springs is built. The three ore banks seem to have been taken up at a very early period, and afterward the large tract surrounding them. This latter is described as "one tract in Middleton [now South Middleton] township, in the county of Cumberland, containing 1,644 acres, surveyed in the name of John Rigby & Co. on the 8th, 9th, 10th and 12th days of July, 1762," and which was returned in pursuance of certain warrants issued by the proprietaries of Pennsylvania, dated May 31, 1762, "to John Rigby, Francis Saunderson, and Joseph, Samuel and John Morris, Jr." This tract was divided into sixteen equal parts. John Armstrong and wife owned two in 1764, but re-conveyed them to Michael Ege in 1792. Two parts belonged to Robert Thornburg, and the rest remaining in the original owners or their descendants, the whole tract passed, by various conveyances, to Michael Ege, the elder. The earliest mention in these various deeds or conveyances of the Carlisle Iron Works is in 1765, but they had been evidently, at this period, for a number of years in existence. The probabilities are that they were started when this original grant was given, in July, 1762, if not at a still earlier period. At these works, it is said, the earliest cannon manufactured in the United States were made, one of which is said to have been captured during the Revolutionary war and removed to the Tower of London. The three ore banks were described as having about twenty acres each, but these tracts were embraced in an original sale of land made by William Penn to Adam Kroesen, then of Holland, by deed of 7th of March, 1682, the right whereof was afterward vested in Richard Peters, secretary in the land office in Philadelphia, who, in April, 1761, conveyed to Jacob Yoner, of Lancaster, 1,000 acres of the said land; but Jacob Yoner, in pursuance of a warrant from the proprietaries, dated April 16, 1761, caused to be surveyed to him, instead of the 1,000 acres, the three ore banks above mentioned. By deed of Jacob Yoner, 6th of November, 1761, these banks, were conveyed to John Rigby and Nathaniel Giles, and a patent of confirmation was granted, and by various conveyances they became vested in the firm known as Rigby & Co., which consisted of John Rigby, Francis Saunderson, and the Morrises, of Philadelphia. They afterward came into possession of Michael Ege, the elder, who was at this time one of the most prominent iron men in Pennsylvania, at one time owning the forges and furnaces at Pine Grove, at Mount Holly and at Boiling Springs. The third tract was the one upon which the Carlisle Iron Works and the town of Boiling Springs is built. It is described as "a tract of 398 acres, 132 perches, and all called Boiling Springs, situated on the Yellow Breeches Creek, granted by the proprietaries of Pennsylvania to Richard Peters, by patent dated 13th of October, 1762." A portion of this tract was granted to John Dickey, embracing the head of Boiling Springs; another portion to David Reed, embracing the upper or smaller spring, and about twenty-nine acres to Rigby & Co. for the Carlisle Iron Works. It was a portion of this tract of land, originally granted n October, 1762, to Richard Peters, which, after being owned by John Dickey and his descendants, came into possession of Michael Ege, the elder, and afterward, by deed dated April 4, 1808, became the property of John and Abraham Kauffman SOME EARLY REMINISCENCES. The following letter, written by Thomas Craighead, Jr., in 1845, is full of 350 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. interesting reminiscences: "John Craighead settled at an early date on the Yellow Breeches Creek, near Carlisle. * * * He married, spent the fortune, all but a few webs of linen, with which he purchased from the proprietor 500 acres of land on Yellow Breeches, which is now descended to the fifth generation by inheritance, and the sixth is born on it. * * * I have seen many a pack-horse loaded with nail-rods, at Ege's Forge, to carry out to Summerset County and the Forks of Youghiogheny and Red Stone Fort, to make nails for their log cabins, etc. I have known the farmers' teams to haul iron from the same forge to Virginia, load back corn for feed at the forge. All the grain in the county was not enough for its own consumption. I have known fodder so scarce that some farmers were obliged to feed the 'thatch' that was on their barns to keep their cattle alive. James Lamb bought land in Sherman's Valley, and he and his neighbors had to pack straw on horses across the mountains. He was on the top of the mountain waiting until those going over would get up, as they could not pass on the path. I saw the first mail that passed through Carlisle to Pittsburgh. * * * I happened, a short time ago, to visit a friend, Jacob Ritner, son of that great and good man, ex-Gov. Ritner, who now owns Capt. Denny's farm, who was killed during the Revolutionary war. The house had been a tavern, and, in repairing it, Mr. Ritner found some books, etc., which are a curiosity. Charge, breakfast, 20l, dinner, horsefeed, 30l, and some charges still more extravagant; but we know it was paid with congress money. So late as 1808 I hauled some materials to Oliver Evans' saw- mill at Pittsburgh. I was astonished to see a mill going without water. Mr. Evans satisfied my curiosity by showing and explaining everything he could to me. He looked earnestly at me and said: 'You may live to see your wagons coming out here by steam.' The words were so impressed on my mind that I have always remembered them. I have lived to see them go through Cumberland County, and it seems to me that I may see them go through to Pittsburgh; but I have seen Mr. Evans' prophecy fulfilled beyond what I thought possible at that time; but things have progressed at a rate much faster than the most gigantic minds imagined, and we are onwards still." Think of it! the old wagons, the thatched barns, the narrow roads, and we may form some faint conception of those times. SCHOOLS. This township is among the most advanced in the matter of education. There are nineteen schools, some graded, and with the schoolhouses in good condition, supported for six months in the year by public and for three months additional by private funds. So, here, as in every portion of the county, some contemplative Jaques can see * * * "the whining school boy, with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school." RAILROADS AND POSTOFFICES. The South Mountain Railroad, from Carlisle to Pine Grove Furnace, was built in 1869 and 1870 by the South Mountain Iron Company. In 1883 it was extended to Gettysburg and organized under the name of the "Gettysburg & Harrisburg Railroad." It now extends from its junction at Carlisle to Round Top, beyond Gettysburg, which is one of the prominent points of that famous field. J. C. Fuller was the first president; William H. Woodward, first superintendent, treasurer and secretary. 351 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. The Harrisburg & Potomac Railroad, which runs east and west, passing through nearly the center of the township, was incorporated in May, 1869, as the "Meramar Iron Company." Its name was afterward changed to its present one. Work was begun on the road in October, 1871, and that part which extends between Mount Holly Springs and the Dillsburg branch of the Cumberland Valley Road was completed before 1875. Daniel V. Ahl was the first president. The Cumberland Valley Railroad runs partly along the northern borders of the township, forming the greater part of the boundary line between it and North Middleton Township. The postoffices in the township are Mount Holly Springs, Boiling Springs, Hatton and Hunter's Run. BOILING SPRINGS. This place was laid out by Daniel Kauffman, son of Abraham Kauffman, who owned all the land upon which the town is built, during the year 1845. The first survey of the town was made in the fall of this year by A. M. Leidich, who also purchased the first two lots, Nos. 1 and 2, where he now resides and the one adjoining. At this time there were but two buildings, the stone tavern built by Philip, and the stone farm house opposite, built by Frederick Brechbill. The village of Boiling Spring is beautifully situated in the rolling bluffs of rich land which lie almost at the foot of the South Mountain. The town is handsomely laid out, part of it fronting on the beautiful sheet of crystal water, from which the tract originally, and the town afterward, derives its name. Under this beautiful sheet of water there are subterranean springs, coming from cylindrical rocks, where the water is thrown perpendicularly upward from its rocky bed to the surface which it disturbs, at places, giving to them the appearance of water which is "boiling," thus suggesting naturally the name by which it is known. The largest of these outlets is said to have a capacity of about twenty hogsheads per minute. The main body of the water, however, has an untroubled surface, and is deep and clear. Handsome shade trees near it also enhance the beauty of this spring, the water of which flows into the Yellow Breeches Creek near Island Grove, a beautiful spot not far distant from the village. The town itself is laid out in wide streets, on which there are a number of handsome residences: First, Second, Third and Fourth Streets running east and west, and Front, Walnut and Cherry north and south. The town has many shady trees and, situated as it is upon the beautiful scenery surrounding it, promises to become, if it is not already, as beautiful a town as can be found in the Cumberland Valley. It has postoffice, railroad, iron works and forge, three churches (one Lutheran, one Methodist and one Dunkard), one double and two single schoolhouses, many private dwellings, and a population of about 500. The furnace which stands near the spring came into the possession of C. W. and D. V. Ahl, in 1859, from the assignees of Peter F. Ege. It was operated successfully until 1882, when a large anthracite furnace was erected by C. W. Ahl and son, which is still being operated under the firm name of C. W. Ahl's Son. There are ore banks near the town, which were leased in 1873 to the Pennsylvania & Reading Railroad Company, under the management of Asbury Derland, and other banks in the South Mountains, which are being successfully operated by J. C. Lehman, a citizen of Boiling Springs. 352 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. BOROUGH OF MOUNT HOLLY SPRINGS. Lying almost within the shadow of the South Mountains and at the entrance to the gap from which it derives its name, is the beautiful borough of Mount Holly Springs. The town lies partly in the mountain gorge called Holly Gap, and partly in the mountains called Upper Holly, through which flows Mountain Creek. Holly was the name originally given to the gap at a very early period on account of a large holly tree which stood where Upper Holly now is. The borough now comprises what was formerly known as "Upper and Lower Holly," "Kidderminster" and "Papertown." In the original plan of the town, in 1815, it was also known as South Middleton. It appears that prior to the year 1812 there were not over one-half dozen houses between what is now called Upper Holly and the present paper-mills of William A. and A. Foster Mullin. As to who built the first hose we have no record, but it is certain that the oldest house of any importance erected within the present borough limits was the old stone mansion of Mrs. Jane Thompson, which stands back in a yard nearly opposite the present Holly Inn, and which was erected as early as 1812 or 1817. There was also, at a very early date, an old log tavern-stand belonging to Mrs. Thompson, on the site of the present Holly Inn, which was replaced in 1822 by a stone structure, which was then an inn, and which still stands as a portion of the present hotel. Mrs. Thompson was the mother of Elizabeth Thompson, who married the Rev. Jasper Bennett, who resided in the old stone mansion above mentioned till about 1857. Two small log schoolhouses occupied successively the lot where Mr. Simeon Fisk's residence now stands, which was built also for a schoolhouse in 1855, and afterward used as such until it was purchased by him and converted into a residence. A small story-and-a- half building stood near where the late Mr. Samuel Schriver's house now stands, and was purchased by him many years ago. It was then owned by Rev. Jasper Bennett, who owned all the land within the borough, from the present Holly Inn to where the Methodist Church now stands, including that lot on the east side of Baltimore Avenue, and most of the land on the west side. The Carlisle and Hanover Turnpike was then what is now called Baltimore Avenue. A small log house stood where William A. Mullin's house now stands, and another where Daniel Stees' house is erected, and these, with the old paper-mill of W. A. & A. F. Mullin, were the only buildings in the place in the year 1812. EARLY SETTLEMENT AND INDUSTRIES. Tradition has it that Elizabeth McKinney, grandmother of Mary Smith, was the first settler in Holly Gap. Their house stood on the present site of the old stone house adjoining the residence occupied some years ago by A. Mansfield. They moved out of the fort at Shippensburg which the people had erected to protect themselves against the incursions of the French and Indians. The building occupied by the McKinneys was a lot structure, and was town down by Mr. Foulk preparatory to the erection of the present stone building. An early settlement of the lands around Mount Holly Springs was occasioned by reason of the large deposits of iron ore which were found in its vicinity. Furnaces were built there at a very early period, and the manufacturing of iron was for many years the sole employment of its inhabitants. The first furnace of which anything definite is known was built by Stephen Foulk and William Cox, Jr., about the year 1785. It was called the "Holly Iron Works," and was situated near the present site of the paper-mill at Upper Holly. It is quite probable that the first iron works were established at Mount Holly before 353 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. the year 1765, and that these early works were frequently remodeled and rebuilt. Tradition says that there was a furnace at Upper Holly before the furnace built by Foulk & Cox, but nothing authentic on this subject can now be definitely ascertained. In the year 1803 this furnace of Foulk & Cox was sold at sheriff's sale, and was purchased by Michael Ege. During the year 1812 George Ege, a son of Michael Ege, built a new furnace near the site of the former furnace erected by Foulk & Cox. It was known as the Mount Holly furnace, and stood upon the site of the present paper-mills at Upper Holly. It is stated on good authority that prior to the erection of Holly Furnace, a forge for the manufacturing of cannon occupied the furnace site, that a mill for the boring of the barrels stood near the toll gate on the turnpike, and that the oldest cannon at present in the United States was manufactured at this forge. A former historian says: "The lumber used in building the Carlisle Barracks was sawed upon a mill erected in Holly Gap. The parties were Englishmen." More probably they were Hessians, captured at Trenton, who built the Carlisle Barracks. At this time there was very little improved land between Mount Holly and Carlisle. In 1812 a paper-mill was erected by William Barber on or near the site of the mill now owned by the Mullin brothers. It was subsequently owned by Messrs. Barber & Samson Mullin, the grandfather of the owners of the present mill. It afterward passed into the hands of Messrs Knox and McClure, and was burned December 25, 1846. The present mill was then erected in the succeeding year by William B. Mullin, the father of the present owners. This earlier paper-mill was the first ever erected at Mount Holly Springs. Paper-making now became the chief industry of the place, so that the name Holly Iron Works was rarely applied to it, but it everywhere began to be known by the name of Papertown. About the year 1827 that portion of Mount Holly Springs in the vicinity of the brick mills now owned by the Mount Holly Paper Company, was called Kidderminster, from a factory for the weaving of carpets there erected by Samuel Givin, near the present site of that paper- mill. It was a five-story brick building, and was afterward converted into a mill for the manufacture of paper by Robert and Samuel Givin, for which purpose it was used until its destruction by fire in 1864. The present paper-mill in Lower Holly, belonging to the Mount Holly Paper Company, and which was built near the site of the old Kidderminster factory, was erected in 1866. The large mill at Upper Holly was built by the Mount Holly Paper Company at its organization in 1856. Its original incorporators were Samuel Kempton, of Baltimore, William B. Mullin, Sylvester Megargee, of Philadelphia, and Robert and Samuel Givin. There was another old paper-mill to the north of town, which was destroyed by fire, the ruins of which still stand. The land belonging to the Mount Holly Paper Company, with many other tracts sold to private individuals, belonged originally to Charles McClure, who took out a patent in 1772. Later the Eges owned much of the mountain land. The Givins came into their estate by deed dated 1827, Mr. James Givin, of Ireland, being the original settler and grantee. The handsome residence of Robert Givin, which stood in the beautiful grove northwest of the brick mill, was consumed by fire in March, 1865. WAR OF THE REBELLION. Mount Holly Springs responded promptly to the proclamation of the President for troops to put down the Rebellion, so that many of its citizens are 354 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. found in the various regiments. On the call for the State troops in 1862, one company (Company G, Twelfth Regiment), under the command of Capt. Charles H. Mullin, was raised entirely from the town. If, in this connection, we may for a moment drop the dignity of the historian, we would like to picture a panic - one of those little comedies in the real tragedy of war, which occurred here in this part of the great world-stage, in the first act, in the year 1861. The object of history is not only to preserve dry skeleton statistics, but to present to the reader also panoramic pictures of the past; and whether they make us laugh or cry does not much matter, in this world where the two are kin, and both are brief. Well, the report reached here that the Confederate Army was advancing; that they were marching toward Holly Gap from Hanover Junction, that the Carlisle Barracks was one of their objective points, and that they were spreading desolation without delay and consternation with ruthless hands. A company, quickly organized, under Capt. Robert McCartney, of Carlisle, marched to protect the village. Upon reaching the town they took a fortified position in the Gap, ready to sweep like a besom of destruction upon the foe. To achieve this mighty victory (alas, the grandest scene of all the war was played within their hearing), and to immortalize themselves like those sturdy Spartans in a pass of old, they came with flint-lock muskets, many minus locks, and others armed with knives for closer conflict in the mountain passes. The company had come prepared to die in the last ditch, and many of the farmers joined to show "the mettle of their pasture;" but after holding peaceable possession of the Gap, they finally concluded that the reports which had disturbed them were untrue, and when the first rays of the morning sun had dispelled both the mists of the mountain and the fears of invasion, they departed, some of them, we have no doubt, reluctantly, to their homes, where some remained, having no doubt become unfitted to perform further military duty on account of disease contracted at the bloodless battle of Mount Holly Gap. The signs of the severer conflict were to follow. In 1863 Gen. Ewell's corps passed through the town on their way to Gettysburg to reinforce Gen. Lee. Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry also passed through the town. Many of the Pennsylvania and New York militia marched through the streets on their way to Gettysburg. Taking the Confederate and Union soldiers together, not less than 40,000 men passed through Mount Holly Springs during the months of June and July, 1863. INCORPORATION, ETC. Mount Holly Springs was incorporated as a borough in 1873. It is a beautiful clean town with one long principal macadamized street, on which are a number of handsome residences. The place is not only noted for the manufacture of fine paper, but is an old and established summer resort, dating from a very early period. Its situation is delightful; protected by the mountains, cool in summer, particularly in summer evenings, it lies amid scenery which might afford an inspiration to an artist. The Mountain Creek, flowing rapidly down through the long gorge from its high recesses, here rests in wider crystal sheets, "where the green mountains bending hang their heads," and are reflected as in a mirror. These sheets, particularly the Upper Holly Dam, afford both boating and piscatorial sport, as well as ample motive power for the mills. From Upper Holly the stream runs in a deep bed beside the turnpike, and under the shade of many trees, and with the mountains on either hand. There are few more beautiful places in Pennsylvania; and it will, on account of its situation and scenery, its pure mountain air and summer climate, continue to attract the weary who are longing for recreation or rest, and the lover of nature who seeks to live where she lavishes her beauties. 355 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. The borough lies almost due north and south, and the longer streets, Walnut, Chestnut, and Baltimore Avenue, run almost parallel with the creek, in this direction. The streets running east and west are Butler, Pine, Harman and Railroad. The principal street is Baltimore Avenue, which consists of all that portion of the turnpike road embraced within the borough limits. It is a wide, level street, a mile or more in length, sixty feet in width, beautifully macadamized with fine gravel taken from the mountains. With the exception of our large cities, there can be found no finer street in the State. Mount Holly Springs lies twenty miles southwest from Harrisburg, the capital of the State, and six miles south of Carlisle, the county seat. It is connected with Carlisle and Harrisburg by two railroads. A daily line of stages runs to York Sulphur Springs, Carlisle, and other points, so that its mail facilities are equal to those of any like inland town elsewhere. It is now a thriving and prosperous town, and bids fair to become a still more beautiful and important one in the future. The various paper-mills afford continual employment to hundreds of operatives, who, in their turn, contribute to the development of its resources. CHURCHES, SCHOOLS AND NEWSPAPER. The churches of the borough are the Evangelical Lutheran Church, on Baltimore Avenue, and the Methodist Episcopal Church, a commodious structure, erected in 1860, also on Baltimore Avenue. There are five schools - four white and one colored - in the borough. The press is represented by the Mountain Echo, a weekly paper, established by R. Melvin Early in 1872. HOTELS. The hotels in the borough for the accommodation of the public will compare favorably with those of larger towns and cities, and of these the "Central" and the "Holly Inn," which was for many years known as the "Mullin Hotel," but which has been remodeled and refitted, and is now under the charge of a stock company, are particularly worthy of mention. SOCIETIES. Holly Gap Lodge, No. 277, K. of P., was organized December 8, 1870, with the following named charter members: S. P. Goodyear, J. L. Wolf, Samuel G. Givin, T. J. Wolf, Jacob Hemminger, F. L. Goodyear, M. S. Goodyear, Chas. H. Mullin, J. L. McAllister. Number of present members, seventy-five. Present officers: Dr. R. B. Pollinger, V. C.; James A. Stees, P.; Lincoln Vinck, M. A.; S. P. Goodyear, K. of R. and S.; G. R. Klopp, M. of F.; Thomas Haycock, M. of E.; Thomas Wolf, P. C. Mount Holly Lodge, No. 650, I. O. O. F., was organized November 17, 1868, with the following charter members: John Humes, N. G.; Chas. H. Miller, V. G.; James L. McAllister, Sec.; Henry Mullin, Asst. Sec.; Jacob Hemminger, Treas. Present officers are A. Simpson, N. G.; John A. Bosler, V. G.; S. P. Goodyear, Sec.; Edward C. Beach, Asst. Sec.; Thomas Wolf, Tres. Canada Post, No. 490, G. A. R., was organized in August, 1885, with the following named charger members: Alexander Adams, W. H. Brinn, Jos. S. Early, N. J. Glass, John Goodyear, Geo. W. Kinter, John Cauffman, Jacob Hoffert, Wm. H. Hatz, A. Noffsinger, J. E. Mondorf, D. A. Nagle, A. T. Richwine, W. H. Ricker, Geo. Slusser, Milton Still, S. J. Sadler, Philip Snyder, James Snyder, Eli Toner, Silas Toner, Henry Wallet, John Ward, Moses Wagner, Benj. F. Wallet, Philip Harman, Augustus McGonigal. Present number 356 HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY. of members, sixty-one. Present officers: Rev. J. Wise Shannon, C.; Augustus Miller, S. V. C.; Samuel Sadler, J. V. C.; Daniel Wallet, O. D.; Milton Still, O. G.; P. Herman, Q. M.; James Snyder, Q. M. S.; Wm. Goodyear, Adjt.; Benj. Wallack, S. M.; John Ward, Chaplain.