Area History: Warner-Beers' History of Franklin County, PA, 1887 -- Part II: Chapter XII - THE MEDICAL PROFESSION Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by Joyce Moore USGENWEB ARCHIVES NOTICE: Printing this file by non-commerical individuals and libraries is encouraged, as long as all notices and submitter information is included. Any other use, including copying files to other sites require permission from the submitters PRIOR to uploading to any other sites. We encourage links to the state and county table of contents. __________________________________________________ HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED CHICAGO: WARNER, BEERS & CO., 1887 Chicago: JOHN MORRIS COMPANY, PRINTERS 118 and 120 Monroe Street. __________________________________________________ HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - Part II CHAPTER XII. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION Introductory View of the Human Structure - Sketches of Prominent Deceased Physicians - Epidemics - Medical Societies - Roster of President Physicians "The proper study of mankind is man" is a truth very generally conceded. This embraces a knowledge of man in all his departments and relations -- his origin, his mental and physical structure, his duties to himself, to his kind and to his creator, and his destiny. Our subject has to do mainly with but one principal department, man's physical nature, "the house I live in." This house is truly a complex and interesting structure, two stories and a half in height, the windows all being in the half story or cupola. Its frame-work is such as to compel an inspired man to say admiringly of his own body: "I am fearfully and wonderfully made." It has the power of locomotion, being removed from one point to another with ease and rapidity. This house has a firm and perfectly fitted framework, well covered with weather-boarding, and thoroughly joined together by cords properly adapted to their purpose. Within it has a most remarkable system of machinery, consisting of engines and fans and boilers and tubes and valves, and all the arrangements to run it successfully. The expres- sion "the house I live in," implies two beings, the house and its occupant. We are all renters. Like the snail, we carry about us and with us, everywhere, a temporary dwelling place. With ordinary care, it may be held seventy years, the allotted period of life. With abuse, it must be vacated on short notice -- often without any notice. There are comparatively few good housekeepers. CARLYLE, learned and caustic, confessed that when seventy years old he discovered he had a stomach. SIDNEY SMITH said every man living to the age of seventy had eaten forty wagon loads more than he needed. The majority of mankind live from day to day in utter ignorance and in many cases utter defiance of the simplest laws of their beings. Strange as it may seem, the race was not aware till it had reached the opening of the seventeenth century that the heart sends a life fluid coursing through the system; and but for the courage of DR. HARVEY, in announcing and defending the doctrine of the constant circulation of the blood, man- kind would, doubtless, be to-day enveloped in like ignorance. It is within the memory of not the oldest inhabitant, that all sorts of diseases were cured by the sorcerer's incantation or pow-wow; that the use of a buzzard's gizzard, immersed in vinegar, would cure every species of snake bite; that rubbing of skunk oil or goose fat upon the side would cure pleurisy; that the hanging about the neck of a spider incased in a thimble would cure whooping-cough; that the let- ting of a small quantity of blood from the chief vein in the arm would relieve the patient from earthly ills; that the sight of the moon over the left shoulder was indicative of good luck; that the washing of the cat's face indicated the approach of visitors; that vegetables planted in the dark of the moon would produce rank tops but no fruit; that the paring of finger nails on Friday was indicative of ill-luck, etc. The age of superstition is not wholly past when people imagine that the ills of mankind may be removed by charms and spells and cer- tain faith cures. Until people realize that certain causes produce certain effects and that nothing short of the removal or modification of the cause can produce any permanent change, no marked reform can be hoped for. One of the hopeful signs of the times is the fact that the rudi- ments of anatomy, physiology and hygiene are being introduced into our common school courses of study. Children need to learn that sound health depends upon proper eating, sleeping, drinking and exercising, and not upon the particular locality occupied, or the amount of foreign substances taken into the system; that good habits in life, early established, will continue steadfast friends all along the journey and insure happiness; that a vigorous and pleasant old age depends upon the foundation laid in youth; and that not by a change of climate necessarily, but by heeding nature's laws, perfect health is secured. Physicians will have an easier and pleasanter practice when their patients are intelligent in these fundamental matters. Doctors will then become what they were intended to be, and what the good sense of all intelligent ones suggests they should be, the confidential and successful health advisors of the people. An intelligent obedience to health laws will supplant the indiscriminate and often hurtful use of patent nostrums and strong medicines. Through all these difficulties medical science has had to advance. Its position to-day is the result of much empiricism, and the record- ing of observations made. It must of necessity be a growth, the con- centrated wisdom of the ages. It is much to be regretted that no records of the early medical practice in the country are accessible. Rebel flames consumed, in 1864, much of what had been collected in that line. In the following pages will be found such facts as could be gathered from a variety of sources. DR. W. C. LANE, of Mercersburg, has kindly contributed the personal sketches of a number of prominent physicians, all written in his inimitable style. His brother, DR. G. S. LANE, has furnished the material relative to the early diseases and epidemics of the county. Had the registration now in force existed from the early settle- ment, many facts connected with the profession, which are now wholly lost, would have been preserved. The past may not be remedied; the future may be secured by an adoption of the wise policy of preserving records carefully and fully. EARLY MEDICAL HISTORY OF CHAMBERSBURG The first physician who ever practiced medicine within the pres- ent limits of Franklin County was DR. HUGH MERCER, subsequently the distinguished general of the Revolution. DR. HUGH MERCER HUGH MERCER was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1721, and, after receiving a liberal education, devoted himself to the study of medi- cine. At the memorable battle of Culloden, between the forces of CHARLES EDWARD and the DUKE OF CUMBERLAND, DR. MERCER served as a surgeon's assistant, and, after the defeat of the Scotch army, and the flight of the Pretender, he left his native country, a refugee, and came to America. He settled near Greencastle, Franklin County, Penn., about the year 1750. At that early date, this region was as almost unexplored wilderness, and it is difficult to understand why the cul- tivated young physician should select so wild a location, in which few white men were yet to be found. He remained there until the Indians, emboldened by the defeat of Braddock, in 1755, made frequent and bloody forays into the country east of the Kittatinny Mountains. To protect themselves from these murderous irruptions, the settlers form- ed themselves into several companies of rangers, of one of which DR. MERCER was appointed captain. His commission is dated March 6, 1756. His field of operation extended from the Welsh Run District, and Mercersburg, into remote regions along the foot of the mountain. His headquarters were frequently at McDowell's Fort, situated at the present village of Bridgeport. DR. MERCER's company formed a part of the force of COLONEL JOHN ARMSTRONG, with which he surprised and de- stroyed the Indian village at Kittatinny, in the fall of 1756. On this occasion, he marched from Fort Shirley, in Huntington County, at which post he discharged the duties of surgeon to the garrison, as well as those pertaining to his military station. At Kittanning, he was severely wounded in the shoulder, by a rifle bullet, and was car- ried from the field to a place of safety. But becoming separated from his comrades, he was soon surrounded by the savages, and saved himself from capture by crawling into the trunk of a fallen and hollow tree. During the progress of the fight, the Indians passed over the tree in which he was concealed; but not suspecting his presence, he remained undiscovered. After the rout of the foe, MERCER crept from his hiding place, and found that his fiends had also left the field of battle. His situation was now one of no ordinary embarrassment and danger. Faint from the loss of blood, and suffering from a severe wound, he was alone in the wilderness, surrounded by a savage foe, at a distance of more than one hundred miles from any settlement, and without the means of procuring subsistence. Under these trying and discouraging circumstances, the dauntless courage of the heroic soldier did not desert him. He determined to pursue his way as best he could toward Fort Cumberland, which then stood where the town of Cumberland, Md., was subsequently built. On his slow and painful journey he lived on roots, berries and the body of a rattlesnake which, with much diffi- culty, he managed to kill and skin, in consequence of the wound re- ceived at Kittanning having rendered his right arm powerless. After encountering many and great privations, he at length reached the Fort, just as his strength was about sinking under the fatigue and suffering he had so long endured. He slowly recovered from his wound, and, in the summer of the following year, 1757, he was commander of the gar- rison in the fort at Shippensburg, then the verge of the frontier of the province. On December 4, 11757, he was commissioned major in the "forces of the Province of Pennsylvania," and "was posted west of the Susquehanna." MERCER accompanied the command of GENERAL JOHN FORBES, in his expedition in the following year, against Fort Du Quesne. Dur- ing this march he first met WASHINGTON, then a brigadier-general of Virginia troops; and, at this periods, began the intimate and enduring friendship which existed between these two distinguished men. After the evacuation and burning of Fort Du Quesne, but the French and Indians, MERCER, now promoted to colonel, was left in command of the post, and by him the fortification was partially rebuilt. Two hundred of WASHINGTON'S Virginia troops formed part of the garrison, which comprised in all 409 men. After the conclusion of the French and Indian war and the evacua- tion of the Western forts by their French garrisons, COLONEL MERCER temporarily retired from military life, and, at the solicitation of WASHINGTON, left his home in the wilds of Pennsylvania, taking up his abode at Fredericksburg, Va., where he resumed the practice of medi- cine. He was living in Fredericksburg at the beginning of the Revolution, and was commissioned colonel of one of the Virginia regi- ments in the patriot army. Through the influence of WASHINGTON he received the appointment of brigadier-general. He accompanied WASHING- TON on his retreat through New Jersey, and "rendered him valuable aid at the battle of Trenton." At the battle of Princeton in 1777, MERCER led the vanguard of the American army, and while exhibiting admirable skill and courage in the management of his command, his horse was shot under him and he was forced to continue the fight on foot. He was quickly surrounded by a number of British soldiers and ordered to sur- render. Unheeding the summons he drew his sword and vigorously began the unequal contest with his overpowering foes. At length he was beaten to the ground with their muskets, and, after brutally thrusting him with their bayonets, they left him, supposing life had fled. He was carried to a neighboring house by MAJOR ARMSTRONG, a son of his old commander, COLONEL JOHN ARMSTRONG. When WASHINGTON heard the sad fortune of his friend and compatriot, he sent his nephew, MAJOR LEWIS, to watch over the last hours and minister to the wants of the dying hero. A few days after the battle, MERCER died in the arms of MAJOR LEWIS. In private life Mercer was mild and retiring, and his gentle and amiable deportment gave no indication of the dauntless bravery he so often displayed in sanguinary conflicts with savage or civilized foes. Whether the professional visits of DR. MERCER extended to the settlement at the Falling Spring, we have no means of ascertaining; but beyond doubt they did, as there was at that time no physician but himself in the Conococheague settlement, which then included the district between Chambersburg and his place of residence. At a much later day the physicians of Chambersburg were in the habit of making much longer professional rides. In the early days of Chambersburg, the hardy settlers were unacquainted with the luxuries and refinements of more cultivated society, and their primitive habits and modes of living rendered the services of a physician rarely necessary. In most new settlements of that day, there were men among the sturdy pioneers who possessed some general knowledge of the more simple diseases, and the means by which they could be successfully treated. Thus, they were enabled to dis- pense with the services of the medial man, until the growth of the community, and the introduction of the many enervating customs of fashionable life, multiplied their diseases, and required the aid of those who made diseases and their treatment their special study. The people of the Conococheague formed no exception to this rule. Many years ago, the HONORABLE GEORGE CHAMBERS told the writer that his grandfather, COLONEL BENJAMIN CHAMBERS, the founder of the settlement, was in the habit of gratuitously prescribing for his neighbors, and performing the operations of extracting teeth and bleed- ing when they were required. DR. JOHN CALHOON However, as the settlement increased in numbers, and the habits of the people changed, a physician was needed, and DR. JOHN CALHOON came to the place. We know little about DR. CALHOON's early life, further than that he was a native of Cumberland County, and a gentle- men of education who had been regularly instructed in the science of medicine. He married MISS. RUHAMAH, daughter of COLONEL CHAMBERS, and lived in the white weather-boarded house on the northeast corner of Main and King Streets. He lived there for some years, and, in 1782, began the erection of the fine stone building north of the Falling Spring Church, now owned and occupied by WILLIAM L. CHAMBERS, ESQ. DR. CALHOON died in the same year, in the forty-second year of his age. The building was completed and occupied by his widow. During a visit to his daughter, MRS. CALHOON, COLONEL BENJAMIN CHAMBERS received his summons to depart; and, after an illness of a few hours, died on the 17th of February, 1788, aged about eighty years. The departure of this noted man was calm and peaceful, and free from physical suffering. DR. ABRAHAM SENSENY The next physician who settled in Chambersburg was DR. ABRAHAM SENSENY, the first of a family of physicians who adorned the medical profession, and whose professional labors extended through a century of the history of Chambersburg. It is sad to remember that, only now, this conspicuous family has no medical representative in the community in whose growth and interest they were so prominently identified for so long a period. DR. SENSENY was born in New Holland, Lancaster County, in 1761. At an early age he went to York and began the study of his profession. In 1799, he went to Hagerstown, Md., with the de- sign of locating in that town. But, not liking the place, he came to Chambersburg, where he remained a short time, and then returned to York, and recommenced his medical studies, and remained in that town until the fall of 1781, when he finally settled permanently in Chambersburg. At that early date the town was small and the inhabi- tants few in number. The only street then laid out was Main Street, which extended from the site of the Reformed Church to the residence of DR. CALHOON, which was some distance beyond the majority of the buildings. DR. SENSENY lived in a small log house, which stood near the residence of the late DR. B. S. SCHNECK on East Market Street. Between his house and the Public Square were only three or four small log houses, mostly surrounded by woods. Near the residence of DR. SENSENY was a considerable hill, on part of which the academy now stands. This hill, which was largely removed by the grading of the streets and the making of the railroad, was covered with thick woods, which abounded in wild animals of different varieties. MRS. SENSENY told the writer, many years ago, that the wolves could be heard howl- ing upon the hill at nightfall, and that they often ventured near enough to the margin of the woods to enable her to see their lank and grisly forms from her door. On Market Street, between the Diamond and the Conococheague Creek, no house has been built, and the original forest yet remained. COLONEL CHAMBERS lived on the bank of the creek, near the western extremity of the King Street bridge, and his orchard covered many acres, extending to Market Street on the south, and to Franklin Street on the west. The only place where the creek could be crossed was at the ford, where the fine bridge now spans the stream at the western end of Queen Street. This ford was crossed by means of a flat boat belonging to COLONEL CHAMBERS. DR. SENSENY practiced his profession in Chambersburg and the surrounding country for a period of sixty-three years, and had a large practice, and was considered a safe and judicious practitioner. He was the first physician to the Franklin County Alms House, his term of service beginning in 1808, the year in which the institution was built. DR. SENSENY died suddenly, of apoplexy, in February, 1844, when he had nearly completed his eighty- third year. DR. ALEXANDER STEWART DR. ALEXANDER STEWART was a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, and received his medical education at the celebrated university of that city. We know nothing of his early life. He was appointed surgeon's mate in the Third Pennsylvania Regiment, in the Continental Army, and served in the general hospital for three years, from 1776 to 1779. On the 16th of October, 1779, he was appointed surgeon of the regiment. He resigned his position January 1, 1783, and settled in Chambersburg. He was induced to go there by the influence of MAJOR ALLISON, a soldier in the Revolution, and then a resident of the town. Many of the older citizens will remember the brave old soldier who lived so long among them. The writer has had access to an old day-book which belonged to DR. STEWART, and which contains charges against many of the old and most influential citizens of Chambersburg and its neighborhood. It will be observed that the professional visits of the Doctor extended many miles from his home, and into remote regions whose people wished to avail themselves of his professional skill. The charges extend through the years 1783-1784-1785-1786. A few of these entries we will transcribe. On the 13th of March, 1783, appears the following items; "COLONEL BENJAMIN CHAMBERS. To MISS HETTY, Sal. Glaub. 1 oz." "COLONEL JAMES CHAMBERS, To family visit, 15 shillings; August 17th, 1783, To Betsy, 12 pil. Mercury, 2s. 6d." "COLONEL CRAWFORD (at creek) 23 September, 1783, To 6 vomits, 4s." "ANDREW PHILLIPS (cross the ford), To son, vomit, 2s." "JOHN ANDREW (spring), December 8, 1783, to the School- master, Cath, 1s." "SAMUEL IRELAND (Fort Loudon), July 16, 1783, To son, vomit, 1s. 3d." "MR. LANG (Minister), June 26, 1784, To a poor man a vomit and cathartic, by your desire." "CAPTAIN BENJAMIN CHAMBERS, November 23, 1783, To 1 dr. Camphor 1s. 6d." "COLONEL CULBERTSON, May 5, 1783, To son, visit and dressing toe, 8 shillings." Among other names appear those of WILLIAM CHAMBERS COLONEL JAMES YOUNG JOHN CALHOON MR. McCULLOH (At Fullerton's Mill, father of the late THOMAS G. McCULLOH, ESQ.) EDWARD CRAWFORD, SR. SAMUEL DRYDEN WALTER BEATTY GEORGE CHAMBERS JOSEPH CHAMBERS MAJOR BOGGS ALEXANDER CULBERTSON JOHN EATON (Mountain fort) WILLIAM WIER (below Claren's gap) JOHN RAMSEY (Tuscarora Valley), against whom the following entry is made on the 28th of September, 1783, "To visit, reducing fractured tibia and fibula 1£ - 10 shillings." NATHAN McDOWELL JOHN KERR (near Town) JAMES CRAWFORD (in the corner) MR. BROWN (Big Spring) CAPTAIN PIPER (near Fort Loudon) HUMPHREY FULLERTON, ESQ. FERGUS MOORHEAD JEREMIAH GALVIN (Rocky Spring) COLONEL JOHN THOMSON JOHN MORTON (Tuscarora Valley) NICHOLAS SNIDER ALEXANDER CRAWFORD MR. ELIOTT (Path Valley) JOSIAH ALLEN WILLIAM WALLACE (in town) CAPTAIN CONRAD SNIDER JOHN MOOR (Back Creek) MAJOR TALBOT COLONEL WATSON M. FAWVER (minister) JOHN JACK JOHN VANCE WILLIAM DICKIE (West Conococheague). These, as well as many other names in this quaint old book, and con- spicuously distinguished in the early history of Franklin County, and many of them were brave soldiers in the Revolution. The Doctor's practice was large, and, as is obvious from the extracts from his account book, of the highest respectability. Citizens of Bedford, McConnellsburg, Big Spring and other equally distant localities were also among the Doctor's large clientage. DR. STEWART built and resided in the white rough-cast house, on the corner of Queen and Water Streets, which, after his death, was for many years occupied by his brother-in-law, the late MAJOR ALLISON. DR. STEWART died in 1793. DR. ANDREW M'DOWELL DR. ANDREW McDOWELL was brought up in the neighborhood of Mer- cersburg, and prosecuted his medical studies at the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he received the degree of M. B., in the year 1787. Soon after the completion of his studies, he located in Chambersburg, and entered upon the active practice of his profes- sion. He remained here until the year 1831, when he relinquished his profession, moved to Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, and lived with his son, DR. JOHN McDOWELL, a prominent practitioner of that town, until the occurrence of his death, at an advanced age, in the year 1846. DR. McDOWELL had another son, DR. ANDREW, who resided in Pittsburgh, and ranked among the most prominent physicians of Western Pennsylvania. DR. McDOWELL was a fine classical scholar, and during his residence in Chambersburg, enjoyed a large and respectable practice. DR. CLINGMAN A DR. CLINGMAN lived in Chambersburg for six or seven years, be- tween the years 1788 and 1798. He was a man of fine ability and character, and stood high in the estimation of the public. His manners were agreeable and his address very pleasing. Yet, he made little effort to secure a medical practice, and, consequently, his success was rather limited. DR. ANDREW BAUM DR. ANDREW BAUM, a native of Germany, lived in Chambersburg in the year 1790, and occupied the house owned by the late COLONEL ELDER, nearly opposite the Falling Spring Church. He was a graduate of one of the celebrated German universities, and was a fine scholar and an accomplished physician. He remained in Chambersburg only two or three years, and then removed to Demarara, where he died, after the accumu- lation of a very large fortune. DR. WILLIAM B. SCOTT The next physician in regular succession was DR. WILLIAM B. SCOTT. DR. SCOTT was a son of JUDGE SCOTT, of Hunterstown, Adams Co., Penn., and settled in Chambersburg about the year 1793. He was certainly here very early in the following year, because his name frequently occurs in an old day-book of 1794, which the writer had in his posses- sion. He left town probably in 1804 or 1805. DR. SCOTT was highly respected and was very popular on account of his fine social qualities and professional attainments. His friends were many, and his practice was large. DR. JOHN SLOAN DR. JOHN SLOAN was born in the County Tyrone, Ireland, in the year 1760. Of his early years, no information can now be obtained, but the fact that he was a licentiate of Dublin College of Surgeons, and the additional assurance presented in his advertisement, when he moved to Chambersburg, "that he had attended the different classes in the pro- fession for nine years in London, with the practice of their hospitals for that time;" and, further, that he had "practiced ten years in Europe, and four years in the city of Philadelphia." DR. SLOAN acted a prominent part in the Irish rebellion of 1798, and was seized by the British Government and confined in the military barracks at Claremont. After a few days' confinement in that place, he was tried for treason, convicted and sentenced to death. Through the intercession of the REV. HUGH BOLEYN, a Presbyterian divine, with his friend LORD CALEDON, the latter exerted his influence with LORD HENRY MURRAY, the commander of the force engaged in the suppression of the rebellion, and thus secured a commutation of the sentence to one of one thousand lashes and banishment from the country, within fourteen days, the original sentence to be enforced, provided he should ever return. The execu- tion of this inhuman sentence was begun; but before receiving one half of the number of lashes ordered, the surgeon of the station declared that his life would be forfeited, should the whole number be inflicted. He was, accordingly, released, and left Ireland as soon as he had re- covered sufficiently to embark for America. He arrived in Philadelphia in the beginning of the year 1799, with his body cruelly lacerated by the brutal punishment he had received, by order of the British Govern- ment. He remained in Philadelphia, and practiced his profession until 1803, when, on November 22 of that year, he moved to Chambersburg. DR. SLOAN died in August, 1831, aged seventy-one years. DR. THOMAS WALMSLEY DR. THOMAS WALMSLEY completed his medical studies in Philadelphia, in 1803, and moved to Chambersburg soon afterward. He remained there only a short time, and went to Hagerstown in the summer of 1805. He died soon after his settlement in his new home. DR. WALMSLEY was a gentleman of fine intellect, and possessed a fondness for scientific investigations, which he pursued with ardor and enthusiasm. As a physician he occupied the highest rank among his brother physicians, both in Philadelphia and Chambersburg, while with some of the most distinguished of the former he was associated in his medical pupilage. In his death science lost an ardent and devoted follower. DR. SAMUEL D. CULBERTSON Among the most distinguished men of Cumberland Valley, the late DR. SAMUEL DUNCAN CULBERTSON holds a conspicuous place. DR. CULBERTSON's ancestors belonged to the famous Scotch-Irish, who were chiefly instrumental in rescuing the beautiful valley from its savage invaders in the old French and Indian wars, and were ardent and un- compromising patriots all through the dark days of the Revolution. ROBERT CULBERTSON, the father of the Doctor, was captain of a company of Cumberland County troops in the Fifth Battalion of COLONEL JOSEPH ARMSTRONG, as early as the summer of 1776. On the 14th day of August, at a meeting of the supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, held in Philadelphia, it was "ordered, that ROBERT CULBERTSON, ESQ'R. be appointed Waggon Master of said county (Cumberland) in the room of the said MATTHEW GREGG," resigned. This was a responsible position in the military service of the State, and its duties were by no means indicat- ed by its title. Previous to this date he had been promoted to lieutenant-colonel. This promotion had been made as early as April, 1778. SAMUEL D. CULBERTSON was born on his father's farm, at the head of "CULBERTSON'S Row," on the 21st of February, 1786. He was educated at Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa. After the completion of his college course he began the study of medicine in the office of DR. WALMSLEY, in Chambersburg. When that gentleman moved to Hagerstown in 1805, young CULBERTSON accompanied him; and, when the death of DR. WAMSLEY occurred soon afterward, the young student continued his studies in the office of DR. YOUNG, with whom his deceased preceptor had formed a partnership. He returned to Chambersburg in 1807, and began the practice of medicine, and soon secured a very large and respectable business. Before his settlement in Chambersburg, he attended one course of lectures in the University of Pennsylvania. In 1836, as an acknowledgement of his professional skill and attainments, he received the honorary degree of M. D. When the Presi- dent made a requisition on Pennsylvania for her quota of troops to resist the invasion of the British army in 1812, the Doctor marched as first lieutenant of CAPTAIN JEREMIAH SNIDER's company of volunteers. When the troops had assembled at Meadville, the place of rendezvous, and were formed into a brigade, he was appointed surgeon-in-chief of the brigade, and remained in the field until the expiration of the time for which the troops had enlisted, and then returned home and resumed his practice. The peaceful vocation of a physician's life was, how- ever, soon again interrupted by the rude alarm of war. When the news of the threatened attack of the British on Baltimore, in 1814, reached Chambersburg, DR. CULBERTSON immediately raised a company of volun- teers, of which he was unanimously chosen captain, and marched without delay to the relief of that city. When the enemy retired and the ser- vices of the company were no longer needed, he marched it home, and again resumed his professional labors. He continued in active and laborious practice until the year 1832, when he retired from the ranks of a profession which he had so signally adorned, in favor of DRS. LANE and BAIN, whom he had associated with himself a few months pre- viously. After his retirement from practice, he did not lose his interest in medical affairs, and was habitually consulted by his medi- cal brethern in emergencies and difficult or obscure cases. His wise counsel was always cheerfully rendered whenever sought. After his retirement from his profession, he became extensively engaged in the manufacture of straw boards, in conjunction with G. A. SHRYOCK and several other gentlemen of Chambersburg. Subsequently he bought the interests of his partners, and, the business proving highly lucrative and successful, he finally retired with a large fortune. DR. CULBERTSON's contributions to medical literature were not extensive, but they were original and valuable. "A lengthy report of a case treated by his was deemed of sufficient value to be appended to a work on kindred diseases by a writer of authority; and a communication of his on a vexed question in physiology attracted the hearty commenda- tions of the celebrated PROFESSOR CHAPMAN," so long the most eminent member of the medical profession in America. DR. CULBERTSON died August 25, 1865, aged seventy-nine years, leaving a reputation, possibly yet unrivaled, certainly unexcelled, in the medical history of Franklin County. DR. JEREMIAH SENSENY DR. JEREMIAH SENSENY was a native of Chambersburg, and a son of DR. ABRAHAM SENSENY. He studied medicine under the instruction of his father, and began the practice of it in the year 1809. DR. SENSENY pursued his professional business with much ardor and enthusiasm until the beginning of the war with England, in 1812, when he promptly en- listed as a private in the company of CAPTAIN HENRY REGES, in the fall of that year. At Meadville, when the brigade was formed, he was appointed assistant to DR. S. D. CULBERTSON, the surgeon-in-chief, but was soon compelled to resign the office in consequence of failing health. In 1814 he again volunteered in his country's defense, and went with CAPTAIN JOHN FINDLAY to Baltimore, as one of the officers of the company commanded by that gentleman. At the close of the war he resumed his practice in Chambersburg, which, for many years, was very large and lucrative. He died August 6, 1863, at an advanced age. DR. ALEXANDER T. DEAN DR. ALEXANDER T. DEAN located in Chambersburg in 1815, after the close of the war, in which he had taken an active part as a volunteer. He was a member of a company that was formed in the neighborhood of Mercersburg, and proceeded to Buffalo, in 1812. Previous to his re- moval to Chambersburg, he had resided for a short time in Huntington, Pennsylvania, his native county. In 1816 he formed a partnership with DR. WATKINS, which, however, was not long continued. In 1824, he and DR. N. B. LANE formed an association which continued until 1826, and was dissolved by the contemplated removal of DR. DEAN to Harrisburg, which event occurred in 1828. DR. DEAN was a gentleman of very superior intellect, and possessed varied and extensive acquirements. In medical lore, especially, he was thoroughly skilled. Although possessing a great fondness for the literature of his profession, his mind was, perhaps, rather too metaphysical and speculative for the dry details and unbending facts of medicine. He was a fluent and graceful speaker and an elegant and accomplished writer. Having suffered from several attacks of rheumatism, as well as from occasional hemorrhages from the lungs, he was, to a considerable degree, unfitted for encount- ering the arduous duties pertaining to the practice of medicine. DR. DEAN practiced in Harrisburg from his removal from Chambersburg, in 1828, until the autumn of 1834, when his valuable life was destroyed by cholera. DR. DEAN was forty-six years old when so suddenly called away, and he died much lamented by a large circle of admiring friends, to whom his many estimable qualities, of both head and heart, had greatly endured him. DR. THOMAS G. WATKINS DR. THOMAS G. WATKINS lived and practiced in Chambersburg from the autumn of 1814 to the close of the year 1816. He then returned to Virginia, in which State he had previously resided. He was a gentle- man of fine appearance and address, and was the possessor of much medical knowledge and skill. However, he soon became unpopular with the people of the town, in consequence of the exorbitant fees which he demanded for his professional services. DR. GEORGE B. M'KNIGHT DR. GEORGE B McKNIGHT was a native of Chambersburg, and the son of the REVEREND JOHN McKNIGHT, for some years pastor of Rocky Spring Church. DR. McKNIGHT was also engaged in the war of 1814, and was a member of the volunteer company commanded by DR. CULBERTSON. At the close of the war he was appointed surgeon in the army, in which capa- city he served until the year 1824, when he resigned and settled in Chambersburg. He remained in practice there until 1829, when he received an appointment in the navy. DR. PETER FAHNESTOCK DR. PETER FAHNESTOCK practiced in Chambersburg from 1825 to 1837, removing to Pittsburgh in the latter year. After residing in that city for several years, he went to Indiana, in which State he died many years ago. DR. JOSEPH LANGSTON In the year 1830, Dr. Joseph Langston went to Chambersburg and engaged in the practice of his profession. He was an Englishman, and had been licensed by the College of Apothecaries of London, but had not received, as that association does not confer, the title of doctor of medicine. Afterward he devoted his attention particularly to surgery, and, as a practical surgeon, his acquirements were considered quite respectable. He was a skillful operator, and had sufficient opportunities offered, he would, doubtless, have distinguished himself in that branch of medical science. He left town in 1883, and returned to England. DR. WILLIAM ELDER AND DOCTOR ALEXANDER SHIELDS DR. WILLIAM ELDER and DR. ALEXANDER SHIELDS began the practice of medicine in Chambersburg, nearly at the same time. DR. ELDER began in 1834, and remained until 1836, and then moved to the western part of the State, and we believe, lived at one time in the city of Pittsburgh. DR. SHIELDS practiced between the years 1833 and 1835, and then went to Springfield, Ill., where he entered into a medical partnership with the late DR. EDMUND CULBERTSON, of Chambersburg. DR. ELDER had a fine literary taste, which he assiduously improved, and became a lecturer on slavery and temperance, of much power and acceptance. He was an able, eloquent and effective speaker. DR. DAVID JAMISON DR. DAVID JAMISON, a young physician of Baltimore, located in Chambersburg in 1832, with the design of making that town the theater of his future professional labors. But his hopes were destined to an early and fatal disappointment. A short time after his arrival, in the night of October 13, 1832, he was seized with cholera, during its first visitation to Chambersburg, and, before dawn of the morrow, his spirit had fled to another sphere, beyond the grave. DR. WILLIAM A. FINLEY DR. WILLIAM A. FINLEY, after having been largely engaged in the practice of his profession for more than twenty years in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, moved to Chambersburg in 1836. His career was lament- ably short, as he died suddenly in the next year. DR. FINLEY was a gentleman of fine literary cultivation and general acquirements, and was very popular as a man, as well as a physician. His acquaintance with history, both ancient and modern, sacred and profane, were large and accurate. He had a special fondness for poetry, and, among modern poets, BURNS was his favorite, most of whose poems he had committed to memory, and extracts from which, on proper occasions, he was fond of quoting. He was a gentleman of imposing presence; and, in manner, was courteous and attractive. As a physician he was held in high esteem by his medical brethren, as well as by the community at large. DR. WILLIAM H. BOYLE DR. WILLIAM H. BOYLE was born on Rathlin Island, off the northern coast of Ireland. In his infancy his family came to America, and lived successively in Upper Strasburg, Shippensburg, and, finally, in Chambersburg. In his boyhood it was the intention of his father that his son should adopt the trade followed by himself, that of the tailor. Accordingly WILLIAM took his place upon the board, and worked indus- triously at his calling, and gradually became inducted into the mystery of cutting and making garments. He soon found that his trade was not quite congenial, and longed for a larger and more conspicuous sphere of usefulness. DR. WILLIAM A. FINLEY, of Shippensburg, a former friend of the family, moved to Chambersburg, and furnished the opportunity. The young aspirant for medical fame entered the office of DR. FINDLEY, and pursued his studies with untiring zeal and assiduity. The pleasant relations between the young student and his preceptor were, unfor- tunately terminated by the sudden death of DR. FINDLEY, in 1837. Soon after that untoward event, he entered the office of DR. N. B. LANE, under whose directions his studies were continued and his pupilage ended. In 1841, DR. BOYLE began the practice of medicine in Chambers- burg. In recognition of his high professional character and attain- ments, the Pennsylvania Medical College conferred on him the honorary degree of M. D. DR. BOYLE was distinguished for the versatility of his talents, and was a remarkable fluent and piquant writer. During the years 1851-52, he was editor of the Valley Sentinel, a Democratic newspaper, which was subsequently merged into the Valley Spirit. DR. BOYLE was a most kind and generous friend. Those who applied to him for sympathy or relief, were never sent away empty. The work of charity and of love, which is comprehended in nearly a half-century of a life devoted to the amelioration of human infirmity and suffering in their diversified forms, can not be fully appreciated here, but must wait for its full revelation in eternity. DR. BOYLE was, in the truest sense, a self-made man. He had not the advantages of an early educa- tion, and his pathway through life was rugged, and, often, beset with thorns. But he trod it bravely, and grew stronger as he walked, and strewed it with blessings upon the poor, the lowly and the sorrowing who were soothed and comforted by the kind ministrations of this "beloved physician." DR. BOYLE died on the 9th of April, 1877, aged about sixty years. DR. JOHN LAMBERT DR. JOHN LAMBERT moved to Chambersburg in the year 1837, from Waynesboro, where he had been engaged in practice. He had also pre- viously practiced in Maryland. DR. LAMBERT was an energetic and cap- able physician, and soon acquired a respectable share of the practice of the town and neighborhood. His manners were hearty and pleasing, and his acquaintance rapidly grew into large proportions. After an active life of many years, DR. LAMBERT died September 27, 1872. DR. JOHN M'CLELLAN There is another distinguished physician, without some reference to whom this sketch would be singularly incomplete. We refer to the late DR. JOHN McCLELLAN, of Greencastle. Although DR. McCLELLAN was never a resident of Chambersburg, yet, living so near it and visiting it so often, professionally, as he did, and exercising so large an influence over its medical affairs, we may, without violence to the unity of our task, speak of him among the prominent physicians of the town. DR. McCLELLAN was a native of Franklin County, and was brought up near the place where his long and useful life was spent. At an early age he went to Philadelphia and began the study of medicine in office of the celebrated DR. BENJAMIN RUSH, one of the most illustrious names in American history. DR. McCLELLAN remained in the office of his distinguished preceptor for nearly three years, during which time he also attended the lectures delivered in the University of Pennsyl- vania, and, in due time, received from that institution, then the only medical school in America, the degree of Bachelor of Mediciner, as, at that date, the degree of M. D. was not yet conferred by the university on its graduates. After the completion of his pupilage under DR. RUSH, he received from him the following flattering testimonial: I do hereby certify that DR. JOHN McCLELLAN hath studied Physic under my care as an apprentice near three years, during which time he hath diligently and punctually attended all the Medical lectures given in the University; also the Pennsylvania Hospital. He hath since undergone the usual examination, public and pri- vate, and hath entitled himself, with reputation, to a Degree in Medicine. I beg leave to recommend him as a gentleman if abilities and knowledge in his profession--of great integrity-- of amiable manners--and of irreproachable moral character. He carries with him not only the esteem of his preceptors in Physic, but of all who have known him in the course of his studies. BENJAMIN RUSH, M. D. Professor of Chemistry in the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, April 30, 1788 The same year in which DR. McCLELLAN received this flattering recommendation he settled in Greencastle, and unremittingly practiced his arduous and exacting profession for the long period of fifty-eight years. For ten or twelve years before his death he partially withdrew from the general labors of the profession, and devoted his time par- ticularly to the more intricate duties of a physician's life, such as consultations and the more important surgical operations. DR. McCLELLAN was a man of sound judgement, and thoroughly acquainted with medical science in its widest range. He was, of course, a judicious and successful practitioner. He had, however, an especial fondness for the practice of surgery, for which his steady hand and firm nerve and extensive knowledge of anatomy admirably fitted him. He was a bold and dextrous operator, and, among others, successfully performed most of the more difficult and hazardous operations of the art. In private life DR. McCLELLAN was kind, courteous and unaffected. His manners were hearty and sympathetic, and his fine moral character and great professional ability have made him one of Franklin County's greatest and most esteemed citizens. He died in June, 1846, at the advanced age of eight-four years. DR. JOHN CUSTIS RICHARDS One of the cultivated and successful physicians of Chambersburg, whom his medical brethren and the people generally delight to honor, was the distinguished and lamented subject of our sketch. Born in Baltimore, Md., June 1, 1812, of highly reputable Welsh ancestry, and possessed in his childhood of superior social advantages, he began life with all the preparation of which a careful and systematic education could furnish. Under the admirable scholastic training, for five years, of REV. R. H. DAVIS, in charge of an academy at Bell Air, Md., and six months' practical instruction at Burlington, N. J., he was admirably qualified to enter the Sophomore class at Yale College in 1830. After eighteen months he was called home by the severe illness of his mother and brother, both of whom died soon after his return. He at once be- gan his studies for the medical profession under the direction of DR. SAMUEL BAKER, professor of anatomy in the Medical University of Mary- land, and graduated in 1834, his diploma being issued by the university just mentioned. After his graduation he began a very successful pro- fessional career in Baltimore, but the city practice being distasteful to him, he removed to Chambersburg in 1837. His professional skill, combined with unusual personal graces, soon secured an extensive and lucrative practice in the best families of the town and adjoining country. During the war of the Rebellion he was unswerving in his attach- ment to the Government, and willingly made any personal sacrifice for its defense and support. In the early part of the war he had charge of a soldiers' hospital in Chambersburg, and later held the position of aid on the staff of the surgeon-general of the State. At the burning of the town in 1864 he lost all his property, the accumulation of many years of patient toil. He regretted most, however, the destruction of his papers and his well-stocked library. The Doctor was one of the organizers of the first medical society of the county in 1854, and always held a prominent place in its list of officials and active work- ers. When its successor was established, he took an equally active part in its affairs. He was twice married, and left a widow, three daughters and one son, at the time of his death, June 11, 1874. His family life was a most happy one--the sunlight so freely exhibited in his intercourse with people generally being particularly manifested in the domestic circle. He was careful and conscientious in his practice. His diagnosis of disease was rational and thorough; his treatment prompt to the demands of duty, and his intercourse with other physicians always in harmony with the most rigid code of professional ethics. His presence with the sick was the impartation of joyful hope, his whole expression being of the inspiring class. His varied experience in life, his retentive memory, his fine conversational powers, which utilized his vast store of reminiscences and pleasing anecdotes, made him an agreeable companion. DR. S. G. LANE, who knew him long and intimately, thus speaks of him: "DR. RICHARDS was a notable man in many respects. He was remark- ably handsome, his fine physique was developed and invigorated by athletic training in his youth, and by field sports, which he enjoyed throughout his life; he was a splendid type of elastic strength. Added to his fine presence were rare graces of address and demeanor, courtesy, affability, refinement--all the pleasing traits which con- stitute the gentleman. His disposition was kind and affectionate; he was warmly attached to his fiends; of a gentle, forebearing temperament adverse to contentions and controversies, yet compelling respect. DR. RICHARDS was a higher style of man still; he was a faithful Christian-- a full member of the Falling Spring Presbyterian Church. In the public progress, and in the limited movements of the community about him, he took an active interest. During the rebellion his heart was loyal to the government, and his sympathies and anxieties were keenly enlisted in the cause of the Union and freedom." DR. WILLIAM MAGAW Among the distinguished men of Franklin County was DR. WILLIAM MAGAW, of Revolutionary fame. He was a native of Carlisle, and a brother of COLONEL ROBERT MAGAW, commander of the Fifth Pennsylvania Battalion, which was captured by the British at Fort Washington, on November 16, 1776. In June, 1775, JAMES CHAMBERS, son of COLONEL BENJAMIN CHAMBERS, of Chambersburg, enlisted a company of volunteers in the town and neighborhood, and marched at once to join the American Army, then lying before Boston. This was styled the First Company of the First Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, which was commanded by COLONEL WILLIAM THOMPSON of Carlisle. Subsequently, EDWARD HAND, of Lancaster, became its colonel, and the battalion was known as HAND's Rifle Bat- talion in the army at Cambridge. Of this battalion DR. MAGAW was appointed surgeon, his commission bearing date June 25, 1775. The Rifle Battalion enlisted for one year, at the expiration of which time it re-enlisted as the First Regiment of the Pennsylvania Line, with COLONEL EDWARD HAND as its commander. This brave officer was soon afterward appointed brigadier-general, and COLONEL CHAMBERS succeeded to the command of the regiment on the 26th of September, 1776. DR. MAGAW re-enlisted as third lieutenant and also surgeon, August 10, 1776, and was promoted to a second lieutenantcy January 16, 1777, thus acting in a two-fold capacity, as a military and medical officer. He was then transferred to the Ninth Pennsylvania Regiment and finally to the Fourth Pennsylvania, January 17, 1781. It appears from the re- cord (Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, Vol. X), that he was also surgeon of the Fourth Pennsylvania, before receiving his appointment as surgeon of the First, on its organization in 1776. After leaving the army he settled in Mercersburg, practiced medi- cine for many years, and became the owner of much valuable land near the town. At length, when well stricken in years, he was taken to Meadville by his son, WILLIAM, in whose family he lived the residue of his days, which, however, were not many. DR. ROBERT JOHNSTON An equally distinguished man was DR. ROBERT JOHNSTON, a native of Antrim Township, and also a surgeon in the Revolution. COLONEL JAMES JOHNSTON, the eldest brother of ROBERT, was a soldier in the Revolution. "COLONEL THOMAS JOHNSTON, the second brother, was adjutant of the detachment of troops under GENERAL WAYNE which was surprised and slaughtered at Paoli, September 20, 1777. He twice served as colonel in the Revolutionary war." [McCAULEY.] The third son, ROBERT, entered the medical profession. At a meeting of the committee of safety, held in Philadelphia, January 16, 1776, it was resolved, "that DR. ROBERT JOHNSTON, recommended by DRS. THOMAS CADWALLADER, THOMAS BOND, ADAM KUHN and WILLIAM SHIPPEN, JR., according to a former resolve with this board (January 4, 1776), is hereby appointed surgeon to the Sixth, or COLONEL WILLIAM IRVINE'S Battalion, to be raised by order of the Congress." He continued in service until 1781, "when he was ordered by GENERAL GREENE, to leave the regimental service and assist the wounded officers and soldiers of the American Army, prisoners in the British hospital in Charleston, S.C. DR. JOHNSTON died November 25th, 1808, near Waynesboro, Franklin County, Penn., and is buried in the JOHNSTON graveyard, now (November, 1879), on the WHITMER farm near that place." [Pennsylvania Archives, New Series, Volume X.] DR. JESSE MAGAW DR. JESSE MAGAW, son of DR. WILLIAM MAGAW, was born and brought up in Mercersburg. He studied medicine with his father, and began the practice of his profession in his native town. He was a medical officer in the American Army in the last war with England. He was married to MARIA, widow of SAMUEL JOHNSON, and sister of the HONORABLE JAMES BUCHANAN, late President of the United States. He died September 29, 1823. He is buried in a neglected graveyard, situated a short distance east of the town of Mercersburg DR. D. HAYES AGNEW This eminent surgeon of Philadelphia, who was one of the prominent physicians called to the beside of PRESIDENT GARFIELD during eighty days' struggle with the assassin's mortal wound, was at one time a practicing physician of Franklin County, as will appear from the fol- lowing letter in reply to an interrogatory submitted him. 161 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. May 10, 1886. MR. J. FRAISE RICHARD, Dear Sir:--Immediately after I graduated, I settled for a very short time near Upton, contemplating, if the locality promised well, to remain permanantly. My stay was brief. Yours truly, D. Hayes Agnew The Doctor graduated about 1838, and shortly afterward published in the Repository the following card: DR. D. H. AGNEW offers his professional services to all who may favor him with their calls. He may be found at MR. THOMAS McCAUSLAND'S near Greencastle and Mercersburg turnpike, midway between the above named places. May 10, 11111839. Probably some of the older citizens in Peters, Montgomery and Antrim Townships remember him well as their family physician. EXPLANATORY A few words explanatory of the above may be in order, if not absolutely required. It was not the design of the writer to present a full and complete medical biography of the physicians of Chambersburg. His purpose was to sketch those who lived and practiced there in the early years of its settlement and growth, and to embrace a period ter- minating a half century ago. In short, his main object was to rescue from oblivion those pioneers in the profession who were identified with the early history of the town. It would have been a pleasing task for him to have followed the history down to the present day; but this was obviously impossible, and would for many reasons, have been impracti- cable. This is the less to be regretted, as it is to be presumed that sketches of DRS. N. B. LANE, A.H. SENSENY and most, if not all, of the accomplished medical gentlemen of Chambersburg will appear in the special biographical department. -- W.C.L. EPIDEMICS In 1821 an epidemic of fever prevailed in Franklin County. It is thus described in the graduating essay of DR. N. B. LANE, which was published by the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, and can be found on the pages of The American Medical Recorder, July, 1823: "The disease was distinguished by the following symptoms: Dull- ness, langour, lassitude, pains in the bones, sickness of stomach, cold- ness, a creeping sensation along the back, and pain in the side, the tongue was natural; vomiting sometimes appeared in the first stage, and the bowels were costive; the skin was dry, shriveled and cold. These symptoms were soon followed by the fever, during which the pulse was not very full, but quick and frequent; the skin very hot and dry, and the fever high, often continuing for twenty-four hours; the tongue was parched, and furred in the middle, and a brown color; the thirst was excessive, and drinks taken into the stomach were frequently rejected; the bowels were torpid; the eyes wild and sometimes fixed and dull; the countenance gloomy and clouded; great debility and inclination to sleep prevailed, with the mind often disordered and delirious and the respiration anxious and uneasy. The third stage commenced, sometimes in twelve and often not till twenty-four hours had elapsed. The pers- piration was sometimes free, at others cold and clammy, and in general, partial and imperfect. The patient after complained of illness for several days; but in many instances, was taken suddenly after slight exercise. They were attacked equally in the day and night. The disease assumed the intermittent, remittent and continued types; it first appeared in the quotidian, tertian, quartan and double tertian forms, and its type was sometimes characterized by coma and convulsions of an hysterical and epileptic character. It was, however, generally tertian in its type and continued so. It sometimes varied, becoming quartan, quotidian and very often remittent. The changes at times were sudden but not unfrequently protracted and slow, before they exhibited the symptoms of the new type; the intermissions were rather feverish and short. In the neighborhood of Chambersburg this epidemic first appear- ed in the latter part of July, spread more extensively in August, gained its height in September and finally terminated in November. It was general; whole families were confined at once. It did not, however, prove fatal, few deaths were occurring, and those taking place after the third paroxysm in the soporose form of the disease, or after re- lapses, which were frequent, occurring three or four times in the same person, and were sometimes produced by the slightest exposure. In other parts of the county, for instance in the neighborhood of Mercersburg, a small town sixteen miles southwest of Chambersburg, the disease prevailed to a more alarming extent, as also in the neighbor- hood of Greencastle and Waynesburg, both small towns situated in a southern direction; the former distant eleven and the latter fifteen miles. From a very respectable practitioner of the former place, I understood the disease first made its appearance in his neighborhood in harvest, and was likewise very destructive. Immediately in our borough, it was as healthy as usual; the cases which occurred wee principally confined to its suburbs, and along the water-courses." The disease was recognized as miasmatic, and treated accordingly. From a letter of DR. N. B. LANE, written to his sister MRS. HAYMAN, of Georgetown, D. C., dated September 30, 1823, we make the following quotations: "There has been much sickness in Franklin County this season, but particular in this neighborhood. DR. CULBERTSON" (the lead- ing, but not the most employed physician in town) "has ridden from four o'clock in the morning till three o'clock, three nights in succes- sion; his shop was often so full that many could not get speaking to him for hours after being in. There have not been many deaths in pro- portion to the number sick, but many have died notwithstanding. Business never was so dull in our place since my first recollection of it; but it is owing to the sickness. The diseases are bilious fever, ague and fever and dysentery; the last has been most obstinate, and has but lately made its appearance." Cholera has twice invaded Chambersburg, in 1832 and in 1852, and proved very destructive. It is a striking fact that the first case, in each visitation, occurred in the same house, located in a healthy and central part of the town. Such instances, however, have been reported in the history of the pestilence. The first case of the epidemic of 1832 was a boy who had just returned home from Hagerstown, Md., where the cholera was prevailing. Excepting persons who had visited Chambers- burg, no cases, we believe, occurred in the country. Dysentery prevailed endemically in Chambersburg in 1850, and carried off several of our foremost citizens. In 1850 it raged along the foot of the North Mountain, and in 1885 it appeared violently in the same region, having its center in Mercersburg. Typho-malarial fever frequently spreads along the mountain side, and erysipelas and puerperal diseases are more frequent there than in the center of the valley. With the exceptions noted, Franklin County has had no epidemics or endemics, worthy of special record. MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONS Franklin County has had several medical societies. Owing to the destruction of newspaper files and the records of these societies, we can give but an imperfect sketch of them as obtained from various sources. In the Franklin Repository of January 4, 1825, we find the fol- lowing record. The previous notice could not be found, but its nature may readily be inferred. "In pursuance of previous notice, a large number of the physicians of Franklin County and its neighborhood met at the house of COLONEL JOHN FINDLAY; and upon having organized themselves by calling DR. CULBERTSON to the chair, and appointing DR. DEAN and DR. FINDLAY, of Shippensburg, secretaries, adopted the following resolutions: Resolved (1st) That a medical society be established in Chambersburg, to meet semiannually and that DRS. DEAN CULBERTSON, McKNIGHT, LANE and McDOWELL, be appointed a committee to draft a constitution, and make a report thereof at the first meeting of the society, which will be held on the 7th of February, at early candle light. Resolved (2D) That one of the objects of this convention is to establish a uniform and fixed mode of charging, suited to the state of the times, the publication of the bill of rates, which has been agreed upon, be delayed until after the meeting in February next, in order that the physicians who could not make it convenient to attend may again have an opportunity of being present, and voting upon a revision of its several items. Resolved (3d) That the mode of charging which shall have been agreed upon and published, be considered as a standard by which all contested accounts shall thereafter be settled in case they are referred to any of the members of this society. Resolved (4th) That the annexed regulations, which have been read to the convention, be published as the Rule of Conduct by which the members of this society shall be governed in their intercourse with each other and the sick. [Not found in my text.--R.] Resolved (5th) That all those members of the medical pro- fession in Franklin County, and its immediate neighborhood who do not attend the next meeting or express their appro- bation of its proceedings, by letter or otherwise, be considered as inimical to the objects of the society, and unwilling to subject themselves to the government of the set of rules to which the convention feel fully persuaded every honorable minded physician will at once subscribe. Resolved, That the above proceedings be signed by the chairman and secretaries, and be published. S.D. CULBERTSON, Chairman A.T. DEAN, W.A. FINLEY, Secretaries This meeting is thus reported: "An adjourned meeting of the physicians of Franklin County, and elsewhere, was held at COLONEL JOHN FINDLAY's in Chambersburg, on Monday evening, the 7th of February, and after organizing themselves for business, by calling DR. JOHN McCLELLAN to the chair, and appoint- ing DRS. McDOWELL and LAND, secretaries, the constitution for a medical society to be called the Medical Society of Franklin County, was reported and adopted. The following gentlemen were then elected officers for the ensuing year, viz.: DR. JOHN McCLELLAN, president DR. S.D. CULBERTSON and DR. A. HETHERINGTON (Greencastle) vice-presidents DR. A. T. DEAN, corresponding secretary DR. N. B. LANE, recording secretary DR. A. N. McDOWELL, treasurer DR. A. McDOWELL, SR. DR. G. B. McKNIGHT and DR. L. BYRNE, standing committee. It was then resolved: First, That the fee-bill which had been reduced to suit the state of the times, be signed by all the physicians belong- ing to the society, and take effect from the 1st of January next. Second, That all medical bills be presented for settlement, as far as practicable, at the expiration of every year, and where any account is settled within six months after it has been contracted, a discretionary power be left with the physician to make a discount. Third, That all physicians who belong to this society shall proceed to settle up their back accounts as soon as practicable. Fourth, That DR. A. T. LANE, the corresponding secretary, be authorized to open a correspondence with the different medi- cal societies which are now in existence in the State of Pennsylvania, or which may be hereafter organized, in order that such measures may be devised and adopted as will be best calculated to suppress quackery, not only within the immediate neighborhoods of such societies, but over the whole State; and that in order to the more effectual attainment of this end, the combined talents and influence of such societies be so directed as will be most likely to procure the enactment of a law for the regulation of the practice of medicine in this Commonwealth. Fifth, That the corresponding secretary be further author- ized to open such correspondence with individuals, and with the different medical associations, as will best tend to the advancement of medical science, or in any way pro- mote the honor, usefulness or dignity of the medical profession. Sixth, that we, the members of the Medical Society of Franklin County, agree to subject ourselves to be governed by, and most rigidly adhere to, all the rules and regula- tions which are laid down in the Medical Ethics of DR. PERCIVAL, and which have already been published in the papers of this place. Seventh, That these proceedings be signed by the president and secretaries. JNO. McCLELLAN, President. N.B. LANE, A.N. McDOWELL--Secretaries Chambersburg, February 15, 1825 No further reports of the proceedings of this association can be found, except this little extract from an old paper, which shows that the organization was still in existence in the year 1829: On the 16th of December, 1828, notice was given by N.B. LANE, Recording Secretary, of a meeting to be held first Monday in January, for the election of officers for ensuing year. The next account we find of any meeting of the disciples of Esculapius is taken from the Transcript of November 21, 1853, as follows: At an incidental meeting of many of the physicians of the county in Chambersburg, on the 26th ult., E. NEGLEY, M.D., of Mercersburg, having been called to the chair, and A.H. SENSENY, M.D., appointed secretary, it was resolved that a meeting of the physicians of Franklin County be held at Chambersburg on the 8th of January next, for the purpose of organizing a county medical society, as an auxiliary of the State Medical Association. A.H. SENSENY, Secretary At the appointed time the medical society convened (7th [The call was made for the 8th. Probably the change was made to accommodate those who desired to celebrate JACKSON's birthday] January, 1854) when DR. E. NEGLEY, of Mercersburg, was called to the chair, and DR. S.G. LANE, of Chambersburg, was appointed secretary. A committee on con- stitution and by-laws made a report, which was unanimously adopted. Adjourned to meet the first Tuesday of the following April. On the 4th of April, 1854, the first regular meeting of the medi- cal society of Franklin County was held, and the following officers elected: S.D. CULBERTSON, President DR. T. HUNTER, and DR. JNO. LAMBERT, Vice- Presidents DR. ELIAS NEGLEY, Corresponding Secretary, DR. E. D. RANKIN, and DR. S. G. LANE, Recording Secretaries DR. J. C. RICHARDS, Treasurer DR. A. H. SENSENY, DR. T. HUNTER, and DR. WM. GRUBB, Censors DR. J. C. RICHARDS, and DR. J. K. DAVIDSON, Board of Examiners. This society continued for a term of years, doing efficient ser- vice to the members of the profession in the county. It did not survive the war. Its successor is the present organization. We find from the minutes that on January 19, 1869, in pursuance of a call signed generally by the physicians of the county, a meeting was held for the purpose of forming a county medical society in con- nection with the State Medical Society and National Medical Associa- tion. There were present Dr. W. A. HUNTER DR. J. M. GELWIX DR. I. N. SNIVELY DR. E. A. HERRING DR. J. B. AMBERSON DR. JOHN LAMBERT DR. J. C. RICHARDS DR. A. H. SENSENY DR. J. L. SUESSEROTT DR. S. G. LANE DR. T. J. McLANAHAN DR. THOMAS M. KENNEDY DR. JOHN MONTGOMERY DR. W. H. BOYLE A constitution and by-laws were adopted. From this we select the section which defines the terms of membership as follows: A candidate for membership must be a graduate of a reputable medical college, must have practiced medicine in Franklin County for at least one year, must be recommended by two members in good standing, and must pay an admission fee of $3 and sign the constitution. The following is the list of officers from the organization to the present time: 1869 PRESIDENT A. H. SENSENY VICE PRESIDENTS J. K. DAVIDSON and A. H. STRICKLER TREASURER J. C. RICHARDS RECORDING SECRETARY WM H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY SAM G. LANE CENSORS J. L. SUESSCROTT BENJAMIN FRANTZ and WILLIAM A. HUNTER 1870 PRESIDENT J. K. DAVIDSON VICE-PRESIDENTS ROBERT S. BROWNSON J. L. SUESSEROTT RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY S. G. LANE TREASURER JOHN MONTGOMERY CENSORS J. L. SUESSEROTT WM. A. HUNTER R. S. BROWNSON 1871 PRESIDENT JOHN C. RICHARDS VICE-PRESIDENTS I. N. SNIVELY WM. A. HUNTER RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY SAMUEL G. LANE TREASURER JOHN MONTGOMERY CENSORS J. L. SUESSEROTT WM. A. HUNTER R. S. BROWNSON 1872 PRESIDENT WM. A. HUNTER VICE-PRESIDENTS T. M. KENNEDY JOHN H. FLICKINGER TREASURER T. J. McLANAHAN RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY I. N. SNIVELY CENSORS WM. H. HUNTER GEO. CLEERY E. N. SENSENY 1873 PRESIDENT I. N. SNIVELY VICE-PRESIDENTS J. M. GELWIX T. M. KENNEDY RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY SAMUEL G. LANE TREASURER T. J. McLANAHAN CENSORS GEORGE CLEERY E. N. SENSENY A. H. STRICKLER 1874 PRESIDENT SAMUEL G. LANE VICE-PRESIDENTS JNO. MONTGOMERY WM. P. NOBLE RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY J. L. SUESSEROTT TREASURER T. J. McLANAHAN CENSORS E. N. SENSENY A. H. STRICKLER JOHN C. RICHARDS 1875 PRESIDENT WM. H. BOYLE VICE-PRESIDENTS WM. H. HUNTER I. N. SNIVELY TREASURER E. N. SENSENY RECORDING SECRETARY SAMUEL G. LANE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY JOHN MONTGOMERY CENSORS A. H. STRICKLER WM. P. NOBLE T. M. KENNEDY 1876 PRESIDENT JOHN MONTGOMERY VICE-PRESIDENTS A. H. STRICKLER WM. P. NOBLE RECORDING SECRETARY SAMUEL G. LANE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY J. L. SUESSEROTT TREASURER E. N. SENSENY CENSORS WM. P. NOBLE T. M. KENNEDY J. L. SUESSEROTT MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONS Franklin County has had several medical societies. Owing to the destruction of newspaper files and the records of these societies, we can give but an imperfect sketch of them as obtained from various sources. In the Franklin Repository of January 4, 1825, we find the fol- lowing record. The previous notice could not be found, but its nature may readily be inferred. "In pursuance of previous notice, a large number of the physicians of Franklin County and its neighborhood met at the house of COLONEL JOHN FINDLAY; and upon having organized themselves by calling DR. CULBERTSON to the chair, and appointing DR. DEAN and DR. FINDLAY, of Shippensburg, secretaries, adopted the following resolutions: Resolved (1st) That a medical society be established in Chambersburg, to meet semiannually and that DRS. DEAN CULBERTSON, McKNIGHT, LANE and McDOWELL, be appointed a committee to draft a constitution, and make a report thereof at the first meeting of the society, which will be held on the 7th of February, at early candle light. Resolved (2D) That one of the objects of this convention is to establish a uniform and fixed mode of charging, suited to the state of the times, the publication of the bill of rates, which has been agreed upon, be delayed until after the meeting in February next, in order that the physicians who could not make it convenient to attend may again have an opportunity of being present, and voting upon a revision of its several items. Resolved (3d) That the mode of charging which shall have been agreed upon and published, be considered as a standard by which all contested accounts shall thereafter be settled in case they are referred to any of the members of this society. Resolved (4th) That the annexed regulations, which have been read to the convention, be published as the Rule of Conduct by which the members of this society shall be governed in their intercourse with each other and the sick. [Not found in my text.--R.] Resolved (5th) That all those members of the medical pro- fession in Franklin County, and its immediate neighborhood who do not attend the next meeting or express their appro- bation of its proceedings, by letter or otherwise, be considered as inimical to the objects of the society, and unwilling to subject themselves to the government of the set of rules to which the convention feel fully persuaded every honorable minded physician will at once subscribe. Resolved, That the above proceedings be signed by the chairman and secretaries, and be published. S.D. CULBERTSON, Chairman A.T. DEAN, W.A. FINLEY, Secretaries This meeting is thus reported: "An adjourned meeting of the physicians of Franklin County, and elsewhere, was held at COLONEL JOHN FINDLAY's in Chambersburg, on Monday evening, the 7th of February, and after organizing themselves for business, by calling DR. JOHN McCLELLAN to the chair, and appoint- ing DRS. McDOWELL and LAND, secretaries, the constitution for a medical society to be called the Medical Society of Franklin County, was reported and adopted. The following gentlemen were then elected officers for the ensuing year, viz.: DR. JOHN McCLELLAN, president DR. S.D. CULBERTSON and DR. A. HETHERINGTON (Greencastle) vice-presidents DR. A. T. DEAN, corresponding secretary DR. N. B. LANE, recording secretary DR. A. N. McDOWELL, treasurer DR. A. McDOWELL, SR. DR. G. B. McKNIGHT and DR. L. BYRNE, standing committee. It was then resolved: First, That the fee-bill which had been reduced to suit the state of the times, be signed by all the physicians belong- ing to the society, and take effect from the 1st of January next. Second, That all medical bills be presented for settlement, as far as practicable, at the expiration of every year, and where any account is settled within six months after it has been contracted, a discretionary power be left with the physician to make a discount. Third, That all physicians who belong to this society shall proceed to settle up their back accounts as soon as practicable. Fourth, That DR. A. T. LANE, the corresponding secretary, be authorized to open a correspondence with the different medi- cal societies which are now in existence in the State of Pennsylvania, or which may be hereafter organized, in order that such measures may be devised and adopted as will be best calculated to suppress quackery, not only within the immediate neighborhoods of such societies, but over the whole State; and that in order to the more effectual attainment of this end, the combined talents and influence of such societies be so directed as will be most likely to procure the enactment of a law for the regulation of the practice of medicine in this Commonwealth. Fifth, That the corresponding secretary be further author- ized to open such correspondence with individuals, and with the different medical associations, as will best tend to the advancement of medical science, or in any way pro- mote the honor, usefulness or dignity of the medical profession. Sixth, that we, the members of the Medical Society of Franklin County, agree to subject ourselves to be governed by, and most rigidly adhere to, all the rules and regula- tions which are laid down in the Medical Ethics of DR. PERCIVAL, and which have already been published in the papers of this place. Seventh, That these proceedings be signed by the president and secretaries. JNO. McCLELLAN, President. N.B. LANE, A.N. McDOWELL--Secretaries Chambersburg, February 15, 1825 No further reports of the proceedings of this association can be found, except this little extract from an old paper, which shows that the organization was still in existence in the year 1829: On the 16th of December, 1828, notice was given by N.B. LANE, Recording Secretary, of a meeting to be held first Monday in January, for the election of officers for ensuing year. The next account we find of any meeting of the disciples of Esculapius is taken from the Transcript of November 21, 1853, as follows: At an incidental meeting of many of the physicians of the county in Chambersburg, on the 26th ult., E. NEGLEY, M.D., of Mercersburg, having been called to the chair, and A.H. SENSENY, M.D., appointed secretary, it was resolved that a meeting of the physicians of Franklin County be held at Chambersburg on the 8th of January next, for the purpose of organizing a county medical society, as an auxiliary of the State Medical Association. A.H. SENSENY, Secretary At the appointed time the medical society convened (7th [The call was made for the 8th. Probably the change was made to accommodate those who desired to celebrate JACKSON's birthday] January, 1854) when DR. E. NEGLEY, of Mercersburg, was called to the chair, and DR. S.G. LANE, of Chambersburg, was appointed secretary. A committee on con- stitution and by-laws made a report, which was unanimously adopted. Adjourned to meet the first Tuesday of the following April. On the 4th of April, 1854, the first regular meeting of the medi- cal society of Franklin County was held, and the following officers elected: S.D. CULBERTSON, President DR. T. HUNTER, and DR. JNO. LAMBERT, Vice- Presidents DR. ELIAB NEGLEY, Corresponding Secretary, DR. E. D. RANKIN, and DR. S. G. LANE, Recording Secretaries DR. J. C. RICHARDS, Treasurer DR. A. H. SENSENY, DR. T. HUNTER, and DR. WM. GRUBB, Censors DR. J. C. RICHARDS, and DR. J. K. DAVIDSON, Board of Examiners. This society continued for a term of years, doing efficient ser- vice to the members of the profession in the county. It did not survive the war. Its successor is the present organization. We find from the minutes that on January 19, 1869, in pursuance of a call signed generally by the physicians of the county, a meeting was held for the purpose of forming a county medical society in con- nection with the State Medical Society and National Medical Associa- tion. There were present Dr. W. A. HUNTER DR. J. M. GELWIX DR. I. N. SNIVELY DR. E. A. HERRING DR. J. B. AMBERSON DR. JOHN LAMBERT DR. J. C. RICHARDS DR. A. H. SENSENY DR. J. L. SUESSEROTT DR. S. G. LANE DR. T. J. McLANAHAN DR. THOMAS M. KENNEDY DR. JOHN MONTGOMERY DR. W. H. BOYLE A constitution and by-laws were adopted. From this we select the section which defines the terms of membership as follows: A candidate for membership must be a graduate of a reputable medical college, must have practiced medicine in Franklin County for at least one year, must be recommended by two members in good standing, and must pay an admission fee of $3 and sign the constitution. The following is the list of officers from the organization to the present time: 1869 PRESIDENT A. H. SENSENY VICE PRESIDENTS J. K. DAVIDSON and A. H. STRICKLER TREASURER J. C. RICHARDS RECORDING SECRETARY WM H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY SAM G. LANE CENSORS J. L. SUESSCROTT BENJAMIN FRANTZ and WILLIAM A. HUNTER 1870 PRESIDENT J. K. DAVIDSON VICE-PRESIDENTS ROBERT S. BROWNSON J. L. SUESSEROTT RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY S. G. LANE TREASURER JOHN MONTGOMERY CENSORS J. L. SUESSEROTT WM. A. HUNTER R. S. BROWNSON 1871 PRESIDENT JOHN C. RICHARDS VICE-PRESIDENTS I. N. SNIVELY WM. A. HUNTER RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY SAMUEL G. LANE TREASURER JOHN MONTGOMERY CENSORS J. L. SUESSEROTT WM. A. HUNTER R. S. BROWNSON 1872 PRESIDENT WM. A. HUNTER VICE-PRESIDENTS T. M. KENNEDY JOHN H. FLICKINGER TREASURER T. J. McLANAHAN RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY I. N. SNIVELY CENSORS WM. H. HUNTER GEO. CLEERY E. N. SENSENY 1873 PRESIDENT I. N. SNIVELY VICE-PRESIDENTS J. M. GELWIX T. M. KENNEDY RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY SAMUEL G. LANE TREASURER T. J. McLANAHAN CENSORS GEORGE CLEERY E. N. SENSENY A. H. STRICKLER 1874 PRESIDENT SAMUEL G. LANE VICE-PRESIDENTS JNO. MONTGOMERY WM. P. NOBLE RECORDING SECRETARY WM. H. BOYLE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY J. L. SUESSEROTT TREASURER T. J. McLANAHAN CENSORS E. N. SENSENY A. H. STRICKLER JOHN C. RICHARDS 1875 PRESIDENT WM. H. BOYLE VICE-PRESIDENTS WM. H. HUNTER I. N. SNIVELY TREASURER E. N. SENSENY RECORDING SECRETARY SAMUEL G. LANE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY JOHN MONTGOMERY CENSORS A. H. STRICKLER WM. P. NOBLE T. M. KENNEDY 1876 PRESIDENT JOHN MONTGOMERY VICE-PRESIDENTS A. H. STRICKLER WM. P. NOBLE RECORDING SECRETARY SAMUEL G. LANE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY J. L. SUESSEROTT TREASURER E. N. SENSENY CENSORS WM. P. NOBLE T. M. KENNEDY J. L. SUESSEROTT 1877 PRESIDENT J. L. SUESSEROTT VICE-PRESIDENTS THOMAS H. WALKER E. HARTZELL RECORDING SECRETARY JOHN MONTGOMERY CORRESPONDING SECRETARY A. H. STRICKLER CENSORS WM. H. BOYLE J. L. SUESSEROTT R. W. RAMSEY 1878 PRESIDENT T. J. McLANAHAN VICE-PRESIDENTS H. G. CHRITZMAN J. K. DAVIDSON RECORDING SECRETARY JOHN MONTGOMERY CORRESPONDING SECRETARY W. P. NOBLE TREASURER E. N. SENSENY CENSORS J. L. SUESSEROTT R. W. RAMSEY T. J. McLANAHAN 1879 PRESIDENT A. H. STRICKLER VICE-PRESIDENTS R. W. RAMSEY H. G. CRITZMAN RECORDING SECRETARY JOHN MONTGOMERY CORRESPONDING SECRETARY C. H. MERKLEIN TREASURER J. L. SUESSEROTT CENSORS R. W. RAMSEY T. J. McLANAHAN S. G. LANE 1880 PRESIDENT H. G. CRITZMAN VICE-PRESIDENTS E. HARTZELL CHAS. GARVER RECORDING SECRETARY JOHN MONTGOMERY CORRESPONDING SECRETARY C. H. MERKLEIN TREASURER J. L. SUESSEROTT CENSORS T. J. McLANAHAN S. G. LANE D. F. UNGER 1881 PRESIDENT W. O. NOBLE VICE-PRESIDENTS D. F. UNGER J. C. GILLAND RECORDING SECRETARY J. MONTGOMERY CORRESPONDING SECRETARY S. G. LANE TREASURER J. L. SUESSEROTT CENSORS S. G. LANE D. F. UNGER R. W. RAMSEY 1882 PRESIDENT R. W. RAMSEY VICE-PRESIDENTS D. MACLAY E. HARTZELL RECORDING SECRETARY J. MONTGOMERY CORRESPONDING SECRETARY S. G. LANE TREASURER J. L. SUESSEROTT CENSORS D. F. UNGER R. W. RAMSEY H. G. CRITZMAN 1883 PRESIDENT D. F. UNGER VICE-PRESIDENTS J. C. GILLAND G. S. HULL RECORDING SECRETARY J. MONTGOMERY CORRESPONDING SECRETARY L. F. SUESSEROTT TREASURER J. L. SUESSEROTT CENSORS R. W. RAMSEY H. G. CHRITZMAN DAVID MACLAY 1884 PRESIDENT J. M. GELWIX VICE-PRESIDENTS D. MACLAY J. P. SEIBERT RECORDING SECRETARY C. F. PALMER CORRESPONDING SECRETARY H. G. CRITZMAN TREASURER L. F. SUESSEROTT CENSORS H. G. CHRISTZMAN DAVID MACLAY T. J. McCLANAHAN 1885 PRESIDENT DAVID MACLAY VICE-PRESIDENTS J. B. AMBERSON J. P. SEIBERT RECORDING SECRETARY C. F. PALMER CORRESPONDING SECRETARY G. S. HULL TREASURER L. F. SUESSEROTT CENSORS H. G. CRITZMAN T. J. McLANAHAN R. W. RAMSEY 1886 PRESIDENT E. HARTZELL VICE-PRESIDENTS J. P. SEIBERT J. B. AMBERSON RECORDING SECRETARY C. F. PALMER CORRESPONDING SECRETARY G. S. HULL TREASURER L. F. SUESSEROTT CENSORS T. J. McLANAHAN D. F. UNGER R. W. RAMSEY LIST OF PHYSICIANS The following is a list of physicians in Franklin County, who have registered in the office of the county prothonotary, in order of record. The law requires a number of facts to be stated. In the following list, the order pursued is the name of physician, residence, date of registration, name of college from which graduated and date thereof; or in the case of nongraduates, the time of service; together with literary degrees in certain instances. GEORGE M. METZ, Chambersburg, June 23, 1881; ten years practice. AARON B. GINGRICH, Altodale, June 24, 1881; University of Pennsylvania, March, 1833 A. M. by Dickenson College ABRAHAM H. STRICKLER, Waynesboro, July 5, 1881; Bellevue Hospital Medical College, N.Y., January 1, 1866. A. B. and A. M. College Princeton, N. J. MICHAEL M. GARRY, Warren Twp., July 5, 1881; University Maryland, March 10, 1846 JNO. C. GILLAND, Greencastle, July 5, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, March 11, 1876 ROBERT W. RAMSEY, St. Thomas, July 5, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, 1874 HORACE M. FRITZ, Quincy, July 6, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, March 12, 1879 JOSEPH L. SNIVELY, Shady Grove, July 113, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, March 12, 1877. A. B. Franklin and Marshall College BENJAMIN BOWMAN, Chambersburg, July 113, 1881, New York Homoeopathic Medical College, February 28, 1865 EMANUEL BRALLIER, Chambersburg, July 14, 1881, Jefferson Medical College, March 7, 1868 AARON B. GROVE, New Franklin, July 16, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, March 13, 1880 FRANKLIN A. BUSHEY, July 19, 1881; University Maryland, March 2, 1861 ADAM CARL, Greencastle, July 20, 1881; Washington Medical College, Balto, Michigan, 1829. Practiced in Greencastle since 1829. JOHN S. FLICKINGER, Dry Run, July 21, 1881; Pennsylvania Medical Col- lege, March 8, 1850 GEORGE D. CARL, Greencastle, July 22, 1881; Pennsylvania Medical College, Philadelphia, March 3, 1855 JNO. F. NOWELL, Greencastle, July 23, 2882, Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, March 1875 HENRY G. CRITZMAN, Welsh Run, July 29, 1881; Pennsylvania Medical College, Philadelphia 1859 ROBERT S. BROWNSON, Mercersburg, July 29, 1881; University of Pennsyl- vania, 1851. A. B. and A. M. Marshall College of Mercersburg, 1847 and 1851. WILLIAM C. LANE, Mercersburg, July 29, 1881; University of Pennsylvania, 1851. Greensburg, Roxbury, Strausburg, Orrstown and Mercersburg. OLIVER F. JONES, Mercersburg, July 29, 1881; University of Maryland, March 6, 1880 DAVID F. UNGER, Mercersburg, July 29, 1881; Bellevue Hospital Medical College, N.Y., 1869 WM. P. NOBLE, Upton, July 29, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, March 12, 1869. JOHN MONTGOMERY, Chambersburg, July 30, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, 1858 CHARLES F. PALMER, Chambersburg, August 8, 1881; University Pennsyl- vania, March 15, 1878 DANIEL C. LEBERKNIGHT, Lemaster's Station, August 16, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, 1880 JAMES H. DYARMAN, near Spring Run, August 18, 1881 FRANCIS REIFSNYDER, Scotland, August 19, 1881; Philadelphia University Medical and Surgery, February 23, 1869. GEORGE S. HULL, Chambersburg, August 19, 1881; University Pennsylvania, March 10, 1876 JOSEPH FRANTZ, Waynesboro, August 23, 1881, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March, 1878 JOHNSTON McLANAHAN, Chambersburg, August 25, 1881; Jefferson Medical Colege, March 10, 1865 WM. A. HINCHMAN, Dry Run, August 25, 1881; University of Maryland, Baltimore, March 1, 1873 THOMAS M. KENNEDY, Greencastle, August 26, 1881; Bellevue Hospital Medical College, N.Y., March 1, 1866 JOHN H. KOONS, Waynesboro, August 26, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, 1881 GEORGE W. BOTELER, Waynesboro, August 26, 1881; University Maryland, Baltimore, 1868 ISAAC N. SNIVELY, Waynesboro, August 26, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, March, 1863 JOHN M. RIPPLE, Waynesboro, August 26, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, 1868 J. BURNS AMBERSON, Waynesboro, August 26, 1881; University Pennsylvania, March, 1868; A.B. Westminister College, Pennsylvania, 1865 EDMUND G. SHOWER, Waynesboro, August 26, 1881; Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, March 12, 1878 BENJAMIN FRANTZ, Waynesboro, August 26, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, March 4, 1846 JACOB L. SUESSCROTT, Chambersburg, August 27, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, 1851; D.D.S., by Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery A. U. HOLLAND, Fayetteville, September 5, 1881 HENRY X. BONEBRAKE, Montalto, September 5, 1881; Bellevue Hospital Medical College, February 25, 1865 LEWIS F. SUESSEROTT, Chambersburg, September 8, 1881; University Pennsylvania, March 14, 1879 SAMUEL G. LANE, Chambersburg, September 8, 1881; University Pennsylvania, 1849 ADAM K. LEBERKNIGHT, Orrstown, September 17, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, 1878; B.S. by National Normal University, Lebanon, Ohio THOMAS H. WALKER, Mercersburg, September 23, 1881; Pennsylvania College, Philadelphia, 1846 JOHN P. SEIBERT, Chambersburg, October 4, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, 1875 JOSEPH H. McCLINTOCK, Loudon, October 5, 1881; Columbia College, Washington, D.C. 1845 JEREMIAH HESS, Quinch, October 6, 1881; practiced nineteen years. D. REUTCH MILLER, Greencastle, October 7, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia 1874 JOHN S. FLICKINGER, near Fannettsburg, October 12, 1881; Pennsylvania Medical College, Philadelphia 1850 EDGAR N. SENSENY, Chambersburg, October 17, 1881; Jefferson Medical College 1870 HENRY K. BYERS, Fayetteville, October 18, 1881; Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1845 EZEKIEL HARTZELL, Fayetteville, October 21, 1881; Pennsylvania Medical College, Philadelphia, 1847 DAVID L. McDONALD, Concord, October 21, 1881; Columbus Medical College, 1881 WILLIAM A. HUNTER, Strausburg, October 21, 1881; practiced since 1847 JAMES M. GELWIX, Strausburg, October 21, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, 1866 GEORGE R. KAUFFMAN, Antrim Township, October 22, 1881; Bellevue Medical College, N. Y. 1867 CHARLES T. MACLAY, Green Village, November 2, 1881; practiced forty-two years. DAVID MACLAY, Green Village, November 2, 1881; University Pennsylvania, March 12, 1875 DANIEL F. ROYER, Shady Grove, October 25, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, March, 1181175 OLIVER P. STOEY, Roxbury, November 17, 1881; Jefferson Medical College, March 1875 NANCY HOOVER, Stoufferstown, December 16, 1881; twenty-two years BENJAMIN L. RYDER, Chambersburg, December 23, 1881; Hygeis Therapeutic College, N.Y., March 21, 1870 JNO. L. BLAIR, Mercersburg, February 27, 1882; University Maryland, March, 1868 THEO. H. WEAGLEY, Greencastle, March 13, 1882; College Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, March 1, 1882 JAMES S. KENNEDY, Chambersburg, March 20, 1882; Jefferson Medical College, 1879 CHARLES LANTELINE, Chambersburg, April 6, 1882; Jefferson Medical College, March 30, 1882. DANIEL ECKERMAN, Salem Church, April 19, 1882; twenty years HENRY C. LESSIG, Chambersburg, May 9, 1882; Jefferson Medical College, March 12, 1878 J. J. PIERCE, Chambersburg, May 15, 1882; twelve years FRANCIS A. OELLIG, Upton, May 15, 1882; attended University Maryland, 1846-47; thirty-six years practice HENRY S. HERMAN, State line, May 17, 1882; Maryland University, February 29, 1876 RANDALL M. ALEXANDER, Fannettsburg, May 23, 1882; twelve years. ALEX. E. CRESSWELL, St. Thomas, May 26, 1882; practice 1869 V. D. MILLER, Mason and Dixon, Pennsylvania, June 7, 1882; Jefferson Medical College, 1861 JAMES A. VINSON, Claylick, June 20, 1882; Louisville Medical College, June 1838 JNO. E. KLINE, Chambersburg, June 28, 1882; Jefferson Medical College, March 27, 1882 ALANSON W. KELLEY, Waynesboro, September 9, 111882; Castleton Medical College, 1860 EDWIN BERGSTRESSER, Waynesboro, September 21, 1882; Jefferson Medical College, March 30, 1882 J. R. BEMISDARFER, Shady Grove, march 3, 1883; College Physicians and Surgeons, March 1, 1883 JNO. H. YOUNG, Waynesboro, April 9, 1883; since 1870 M. H. MILLER, Roxbury, April 14, 1883; Jefferson Medical College, 1883 DAVID A. STRICKLER, Chambersburg, April 17, 1883; Hahnemann College, Philadelphia, March 10, 1881 CHRISTIAN R. SCHELLER, Shady grove, April 21, 1883; Jefferson Medical College, April 2, 1883 HENRY C. DEVILBISS, Chambersburg, April 14, 1883; College Physicians and Surgeons, 1877 WILLIAM O. LANTZ, Lemaster's Station, July 12, 1883; Jefferson Medical College, March 30, 1882 JNO. A. BAUSE, Waynesboro, November 20, 1883; University Pennsylvania, March, 1875 B. F. SHOPE, Dry Run, March 1, 1884; Bellevue Hospital Medical College, N.Y., March 16, 1882 GEORGE G. SHIVELY, Waynesboro, March 19, 1884; Jefferson Medical College, March, 1877 EDWIN F. LEHMAN, Chambersburg, April 12, 1884; Jefferson Medical College, March 2229, 1884 S. SNIVELY BISHOP, Greencastle, May 12, 1884; Jefferson Medical College, 1884 CHARLES B. WEST, Strasburg, May 26, 1884; Jefferson Medical College, 1883 ELDREDGE C. PRICE, Monterey, June 28, 1884; Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, March 10, 1875 CHARLES H. LANE, Chambersburg, July 15, 1884; University Pennsylvania, 11870 WILLIAM T. PHILLIPPY, Shady Grove, June 30, 1884; Jefferson Medical College, March 29, 1884 ELIAS C. PRICE, Monterey, Pennsylvania, July 31, 1884; University Maryland, Baltimore, 1848 A. SARGEANT TINGES, Waynesboro, September 6, 1884; University Maryland, 1872 GEORGE W. ZEIGLER, Carlisle. Temporary practice, November 4, 1884; University Pennsylvania, March 12, 1874 M. J. JACKSON, New York City, February 26, 1885; Eclectic Medical College, March 1, 1884. Temporary. J. H. DEVOR, Fort Loudon, April 29, 1885; College Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, March 13, 1885. KATHARINE M. CRAWFORD, Fayetteville, June 24, 1885; Hahnemann Medical College, March 20, 1885 JOHN J. COFFMAN, Scotland, July 10, 1885; Dartmouth Medical College, November 15, 1881. W. J. COLEMAN, Huntington Co., Pennsylvania, August 5, 1885; Medical College Virginia, March 4, 1879. Temporary JAMES F. TATE, Roxbury, August 6, 1885; University New York, 1869 GEORGE E. STEWART, Dry Run, December 23, 1885; practiced from April 1, 1863 WM. M. SHULL, Concord, Pennsylvania, February 10, 1886; Jefferson Medical College, April 2, 1885 PETER B. MONTGOMERY, Chambersburg, March 24, 1886; Bellevue Hospital Medical College, march 15, 1886 WILLIAM H. BROSIUS, Greencastle, April 24, 1886; Jefferson Medical College, April 2, 1886.