Area History: Fulton County, 1884, Fulton County, PA, Part 1, pp. 592-606 Contributed and transcribed by Judy Banja jbanja@msn.com The html table of contents for this history including the illustrations may be found at http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/fulton/1picts/1884history/watermantoc.htm USGENWEB ARCHIVES (tm) NOTICE All documents placed in the USGenWeb Archives remain the property of the contributors, who retain publication rights in accordance with US Copyright Laws and Regulations. In keeping with our policy of providing free information on the Internet, these documents may be used by anyone for their personal research. They may be used by non-commercial entities so long as all notices and submitter information are included. These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in any format for profit. Any other use, including copying files to other sites, requires permission from the contributors PRIOR to uploading to the other sites. The submitter has given permission to the USGenWeb Archives to store the file permanently for free access. ___________________________________________________________ HISTORY of BEDFORD, SOMERSET and FULTON COUNTIES, PENNSYLVANIA. With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of some of its PIONEERS AND PROMINENT MEN. Chicago: Waterman, Watkins & Co., 1884 [592] CHAPTER LXXVIII. INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Prefatory Remarks - Scope of the Following Chapters - The Geographical Position of Fulton County - Geology and Topography - Surface - Drainage - Principal Streams and Mountains - The Prominent Geological Features of Each Township of the County - Mineral Resources - The Great Variety and Wide Distribution of Iron Ores - Coal Beds - Limestone - Soil - the New Railroad. FULTON county, having existed as a distinct political division of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania only since 1850, has but a brief history apart from that already given in preceding chapters relative to the early colonial and state history of Bedford county. In the succeeding pages we have aimed to sketch events of local importance in the early settlement of Fulton, the trials of the pioneers, their sufferings from Indian barbarities, etc. Then follow chapters devoted to civil, military, legal, medical and educational history, the borough of McConnellsburg, and the several townships of Fulton county. Much labor and research have been expended in the preparation of these pages, and the writer feels confident that, if read in connection with the preliminary chapters of this volume, herein will be found the history of Fulton as full and accurate as could be obtained by diligent investigation at this late day. Fulton county lies east of Bedford county and is separated from the latter by Ray's Hill mountain. On the north of Fulton lies Huntingdon county; on the east Franklin, and on the south the State of Maryland. The Cove and Tuscarora mountains, both majestic elevations, form the line between Fulton and Franklin. Within the county, the principal mountain is Sideling Hill, which is nearly parallel with the county line and traverses the western portion of the county from southwest to northeast. There are several smaller elevations, which, with intervening valleys, lend variety and picturesqueness to the scenery. The drainage of the county is mainly received by the Potomac. Brush Creek and Wells townships and the larger part of Taylor and Dublin, however, are traversed by streams whose waters ultimately mingle with those of the Susquehanna. Brush, Sideling Hill, Wooden Bridge and Little Aughwick creeks are the most important water-courses of this district. The principal streams of the Potomac system are the Big and Little Connolloway* creeks and Licking creek. These with their tributaries receive nearly all the drainage of the county, excepting that belonging to the Susquehanna system. The geology of Fulton county is rich in interesting features. The "coves" of the county owe their origin to the frequent occurrence of diminishing anticlinals and widening synclinals in close proximity. Want of space forbids a description of the axis of each of these in these pages; suffice it to say that their presence accounts for the peculiar formation of the ridges and valleys, and also in part for the irregularity of the courses of the streams in the county. Black Log, Shade, Cove, Tuscarora and Dickey's mountains are formed of the hard Medina sandstone of the Silurian system; Ray's hill, Sideling hill, Town hill, Meadow Ground mountain and Scrub ridge, of the Pocono (Carboniferous) system. Catskill red sandstone (Devonian), but little exposed, is the principal rock of Union township. In Brush Creek township the outcrop is Pocono sandstone along the mountains, and Mauch Chunk red shale (Carboniferous) along the creek. The same rocks appear in Wells township, west of Sideling hill. The northwest corner of this township is occupied by the coal measures of the Broad Top region, around which the Pottsville conglomerate crops out. There are exposures of Mauch Chunk limestone in both Brush Creek and Wells. _____ * This name is variously written - Tonolloway, Tonalloway, Conolloway, Canallaway, etc., but usage seems to be in favor of the form Conolloway. [593] The Lewistown valley, which in Fulton county includes the townships of Bethel, Belfast, Licking Creek and Taylor, with portions of Thomson and Dublin, is bounded on the west by Sideling hill, but has no well-defined eastern limit. The main rock throughout the western part of the valley is the Catskill red sandstone, east of which a wide belt of Chemung shale (Devonian) appears. At the Maryland line, the Chemung belt is entered by a cone-shaped projection (as one would represent it on a map), of the Lower Helderberg limestone (Silurian), widest at the state line, and terminating almost in a point at Needmore. A narrow outcrop of Oriskany sandstone (Silurian) surrounds this cone, and is itself girded by Hamilton shales (Devonian). Portage flags (Devonian), olive brown in color, form massive cliffs on Tonoloway creek. Belfast and Licking Creek townships show Chemung and Portage rocks throughout their central portion, and various outcrops of the upper and lower conglomerates of the same Pocono sandstone appears along Sideling hill and Scrub ridge. The Catskill sandstone is the principal rock of Taylor township. A strip of Chemung skirts the eastern line of the township. The same rock also appears, from Dublin mills to within a mile of West Dublin. The rocks of Thomson township, beginning at the west, and proceeding eastward, are the Lower Helderberg and its concomitant outcrops before mentioned, the Chemung and Hamilton shales, Catskill sandstones, Chemung and Hamilton, a narrow strip of Oriskany, with a parallel strip (wider) of Lower Helderberg limestone, Mauch Chunk red shale, and, in Dickey's and the Cove mountain, Medina sandstone. Ayr, Tod and Dublin townships show a variety of formations of Lower Silurian rocks. Along the Cove Creek road, in the southern part of Ayr, appears the Lower Helderberg limestone. The lowlands of the Great Cove are mainly underlaid by Lower Silurian limestone, of which there are frequent outcrops. Scrub ridge and Meadow Ground mountain are Pocono sandstone; they are surrounded by Catskill sandstone, upon which abuts Chemung shale. An interesting geological feature of this locality is the Cove fault, originating in Dickey's mountain, about one mile south of Big Spring run, and extending north and northwest to within about a mile of Huntingdon county. From the origin of this fault to the northwest side of Little Scrub ridge, where it passes into the Clinton, its jaws hold the upper beds of the White Media. A projecting wall, fifty to two hundred feet wide, is formed by this rock. It also forms Lowrie's Knob. Where Spring Valley run crosses the fault, the Marcellus rock (Devonian) is in contact with the Lower Silurian limestone. Various exposures of Medina and Chemung rocks are observed in tracing the fault northward. Hudson river and Utica shales (Lower Silurian) appear on the sides of the cove in Ayr and Tod townships. Chemung and Hamilton shale, Portage flags, conglomerates, Clinton shale and Lower Helderberg limestone are all found in Dublin township. Fulton county is rich in the extent and variety of its iron ore. But, owing to the entire absence of railroad facilities, these minerals have received comparatively little attention, until very recently. With the prospect of the speedy construction of the Southern Pennsylvania railroad through the county, ore lands are now in demand, and their value is steadily appreciating. The quality of some of the ores has been fully tested. As far back as 1827, the Hanover furnace was successfully operated in Ayr township, nine miles south of McConnellsburg. Like many other furnaces far from transportation facilities, it went out of blast years ago. Brown hematite has been found in Union, Wells, Brush Creek, Belfast and Bethel Townships, and on Meadow Ground in Ayr township. Along the west of Scrub ridge in Licking Creek township, it is found of excellent quality. Dublin township also has valuable quantities of the same ore. Micaceous and fossiliferous ores exist in Ayr. Hematite was mined near Elysian mills to supply Hanover furnace, also quite extensively, at Sargent's Rocks, where the ore is a brown compact hematite which is believed to exist in considerable quantities. Kidney iron ore is quite abundant in Wells; it is also found in small quantities in other parts of the county. Hard fossiliferous ore, which experts pronounce practically worthless, has been discovered in the north part of Tod township. Fossil ore of fair quality is found on Black Log mountain, in Dublin township. The investigations yet made offer but a slight basis for estimating the value or extent of the ores mentioned. Yet it is con- [594] fidently believed by the best informed citizens that there is untold wealth in the mineral resources of the county. Certainly with ore in nearly every township, and in such variety, there are good grounds for this belief. The coal area of the county is of small extent, and is confined principally to the Broad Top region in Wells township. Here the Barnet mine has been worked several years for the supply of local demands. There are several beds of coal in the same section, but the most of them have not yet been tested. Limekilns have been established in nearly every neighborhood where limestone is found. The lime is principally used as a fertilizer, and has added largely to the productive capacity of the land. Only railroads are needed to render the quarries valuable, as the stone is of excellent quality. The soil varies greatly in different parts of the county. In the limestone regions of the coves it is highly productive and very valuable. Other valleys have a mixed soil of average fertility. There is much valuable timber in every township of the county. Fulton county has thus far been without railroad privileges within its borders. In November, 1883, work commenced on the Southern Pennsylvania railroad, which extends from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh, and crosses the northern part of Fulton county from east to west. There will be extensive and costly tunnels through the Tuscaroras, Sideling Hill and Ray's Hill mountains. CHAPTER LXXIX. EVENTS OF COLONIAL DAYS. Scotch-Irish Settlers of Fulton County, 1740 to 1750 - Secretary Peters Sent by the Province to Drive Intruders from the Indian Lands - Names of the Settlers of the Great Cove - Three Cabins Burnt in the North End of the Cove - Secretary Peters' Testimony as to the Settlement of the Cove and the Conolloways - Effect of Braddock's Defeat upon the Frontier Settlements - Indian Barbarities - The Great Cove Massacre, November 1, 1755 - Names of the Murdered and Captured - Correspondence, giving Details of the Bloody Deeds of the Savages - Adventures, Skirmishes and Murders, 1756 to 1763 - The Revolutionary Period - Nativity and Characteristics of the Settlers - Fort Lyttleton - An Important Post of Colonial Days. THE Scotch-Irish, forced to leave their native land by religious persecutions, began to settle in Pennsylvania as early as 1719, and for many succeeding years their number rapidly increased. They were the progressive pioneers who prepared the way for the civilization of Western Pennsylvania. They were bold, hardy and fearless by nature. The older counties of the province, becoming well settled, were too narrow for their adventurous spirits, and they began pushing forward into land which the Indians still owned. The Indians, seeing their hunting- grounds usurped, became incensed and threatened the settlers with violence. The proprietaries, in the hope of avoiding bloody warfare, were thus led to take active measures where the proclamations of the governor had been without avail. Richard Peters, secretary of the province, and Conrad Weiser, interpreter, were directed to proceed into the county of Cumberland, and expel the intruders. They set out May 15, 1750, and were joined by the magistrates of the county, the delegates of the Six nations, a chief of the Mohawks, and Andrew Montour, an interpreter from Ohio; and, after a conference, proceeded to carry out the objects of their mission. "On Monday, the 28th of May," says Mr. Peters, in his report to Gov. Hamilton, "we were met at Shippensburg by Samuel Smith, William Maxwell, George Croghan, Benjamin Chambers, Robert Chambers, William Allison, William Trent, John Finley, John Miller, Hermanus Alricks and John Galbreath, esquires, justices of Cumberland county, who informing us that the people in Tuscarora Path, in Big cove and Aughwick would submit, Mr. Weiser earnestly pressed that he might be excused from any further attendance," on account of necessary business at home, and the request was reluctantly granted. On Wednesday, May 30, the magistrates and company proceeded into Path valley, convicted the trespassers, compelled them to give bonds for immediate removal with their families and effects, and also for appearance at the next term of court, and burned eleven log houses. They next visited, the Aughwick settlement, then turned their attention to the people of the Big cove. We give the words of Secretary Peters: "The like proceedings at Big Cove against Andrew Donaldson, John McClelland, Charles Stewart, James Downy, John MacMean, Robert Kendell, Samuel Brown, William Shepperd, Roger Murphy, Robert Smith, William Dickey, William Millican, William MacConnell, Alexander MacConnell, James Campbell, William Carrell, John Martin, John Jamison, Hans Patter, John [595] MacCollin, James Wilson and John Wilson, who, coming before the magistrates, were convicted on their own confession of the like trespasses as in former cases, and were all bound over in like recognizances, and executed the like bond to the proprietaries. Three waste cabins of no value were burnt at the north end of the cove by the persons that claimed a right to them. The Little cove [in Franklin county] and the Big and Little Conolloways being the only places remaining to be visited, as this was on the borders of Maryland, the magistrates declined going there, and departed for their homes." In the same report, dated July 2, 1750, Mr. Peters further states: "At that time (1741) none had presumed to settle at a place called the Big cove - having this name from its being enclosed in the form of a basin by the southernmost range of the Kittochting hills and Tuscarora hills, which last end here and lose themselves in other hills. This Big cove is about five miles north of the temporary line [of the province], and not far west of the place where the line terminated. Between the Big cove and the temporary line lies the Little cove, so called from its being likewise encircled with hills; and to the west of the Little cove, toward Powtowmec, lie two other places called the Big and Little Conolloways, all of them situate on the temporary line, was it to be extended toward Powtowmec." "in the year 1741 or 1742," continued Mr. Peters, "information was likewise given that people were beginning to settle in those places, some from Maryland and some from this province. But as the two governments were then not on very good terms, the governor did not think proper to take any other notice of these settlements than to send the sheriff to serve his proclamation on them, thought it ample occasion to lament the vast inconvenience which attend unsettled boundaries. After this the French war came on, and the people in those parts, taking advantage of the confusion of the times, by little and little, stole into the Great cove; so that at the end of the war* it was said thirty families had settled there; not, however, without frequent prohibitions on the part of the government, and admonitions of the great danger they run of being cut off by the Indians, as these settlements were on lands not purchased of them. At the close of the war, Mr. Maxwell, one of the justices of Lancaster county, delivered a particular message from this government to them, ordering their removal, that they might not occasion a breach with the Indians; but it had no effect." Mr. Peters further adds that "the bulk of these settlements were made during the administration of President Palmer," which lasted from May, 1747, to November, 1748. This testimony is conclusive and firmly establishes the date of the first settlements within the present county of Fulton. Here is another fact which doubtless had its influence in the settlement of this region subsequent to 1750: In that year, in consequence of frequent disturbances between the Irish and German settlers in York and Lancaster counties, the proprietaries forbade their agents to make any further sales of land to the Irish in those counties. They also made advantageous offers to the Irish for the removal to the new county of Cumberland, which had been erected in that year. The settlers in the Little cove** (now Franklin county and on the Conolloways, at the time of Secretary Peters' visit to the Big Cove, were: Joseph Coombe, John Herrod, William James, Thomas Yates, Lewis Williams, Elias Stilwell, John Meeser (?), John Newhouse, Rees Shelby, William Lofton, Charles Wood, Henry Pierson, George Rees, William Morgan, John Lloyd, Levi More, John Graham, Wm. Linn, Andrew Coombe, John Polk and Thomas Haston. After Braddock's defeat, July 9, 1755, the fires of savage warfare, long since kindled, blazed forth anew, and spread rapidly, leaving death and desolation in their train. The Indians entered upon a wild career of carnage. Madness seemed to possess them and they literally reveled in blood. Throughout the frontier of Pennsylvania their warcry sounded; many fair valleys were laid waste, hundreds of homes made desolate; victims of the scalping-knife were numbered by scores; and captivity, worse than death, became the fate of many more. There is scarcely a valley in all the mountain _____ * Not the French and Indian war, as the date of the communication proves. ** By an act of March, 29, 1798, "all that part of Bedford, commonly called the Little cove, and lying eastward of a line to begin in the Maryland line near the Great Cove of Tuscarora mountain, thence northeasterly along the summit of said mountain until it intersects the present line between Bedford and Franklin counties," was annexed to Montgomery township, Franklin county. [596] region of the state then occupied by the whites which was not the scene of fiendish atrocities. THE GREAT COVE MASSACRE. On Saturday, November 1, 1755, a party of about one hundred Indians,* Shawnees and Delaware, among them Shingas, the Delaware king, entered the Great cove and began murdering the defenseless inhabitants and destroying their property. The savages divided into two parties, one of which attacked the inhabitants of the cove, and the other swept down upon the Conolloways. All the settlers who had warning of the approach of the savages fled. Many thus saved their lives, and, going into the neighboring settlements, gave the alarm to the inhabitants. John Potter, sheriff of Cumberland county, Rev. John Steel, Adam Hoop, and others of the Conococheague settlement, forming a scouting party, went in quest of the Indians, but did not succeed in overtaking them. On November 14, Sheriff Potter was in Philadelphia, and before the provincial authorities, made the following statement relative to the extent of the ravages of the Indians: "He said that twenty-seven plantations were burnt and a great quantity of cattle killed; that a woman ninety-three years of age was found lying killed, with her breast torn off and a stake run through her body; that of ninety-three families which were settled in the two coves and the Conolloways, forty-seven were either killed or taken and the rest [had] deserted." The Pennsylvania Gazette of November 13, 1755, gives the names of several of the killed and captured as follows: Elizabeth Gallway, Henry Gilson, Robert Peer, William Berryhill and David McClelland were murdered. The missing are John Martin's wife and five children, William Gallway's wife and two children and a young woman, Charles Stewart's wife and two children, David McClelland's wife and two children. William Fleming and wife were taken prisoners; Fleming's son and one Hicks were killed and scalped. ** The details of the massacre as far as they were known at the time, are best given in the following correspondence: FALLING SPRINGS, Sabbath Morning, Nov. 2, 1755. To the Inhabitants of the Lower Part of the county of Cumberland: Gentlemen, - If you intend to go to the assistance of your neighbors, you need wait no longer for the certainty of the news. The Great Cove is destroyed. James Campbell left his company last night and went to the fort at Mr. Steel's meeting-house and there saw some of the inhabitants of the Great Cove, who gave this account, that as they came over the hill they saw their houses in flames. The messenger says that there are but one hundred, and that they are divided into two parts; the one part to go against the Cove, and the other against the Conolloways, and that there are two French among them; they are Delawares and Shawnees. The part that came against the Cove are under the command of Shingas, the Delaware king. The people of the Cove that came off saw several men lying dead; they heard the murder shout and the firing of guns, and saw the Indians going into their houses that they had come out of, before they left sight of the Cove. I have sent express to Marsh Creek at the same time I send this; so I expect there will be a good company there this day, and as there are but one hundred of the enemy, I think it is in our power, if God permit, to put them to flight, if you turn out well from your parts. I understand that the West settlement is designed to go if they can get any assistance to repel them. All in haste, from Your humble servant, BENJAMIN CHAMBERS. CONOCOCHEAGUE, November 2, 1755. MR. PETERS: This comes to bring you the melancholy news of the ruin of the Great Cove, which is reduced to ashes, and numbers of the inhabitants murdered and taken captives. On Saturday last, about three of the clock in the afternoon, I received intelligence in conjunction with Adam Hoops, and sent immediately and appointed our neighbors to meet at McDowell's.*** On Sunday morning I was not there six minutes till we observed, about a mile and a half distant, one Matthew Patton's house and barn in flames; on which we sat off with about forty men, though there were at least a hundred and sixty there. Our old officers hid themselves, for aught I knew, to save their scalps, until afternoon, when danger was over. We went to Patton's with a seeming resolution and courage, but found no Indians there, on which we advanced to a rising ground, where we immediately discovered another house and barn on fire, belonging to Mesach James, about one mile up the creek from Thomas Bar's. We set off directly for that place, but they had gone up the creek to another plantation, left by one widow Jordan the day before; but she had unhappily gone back that morning with a young woman, daughter to one William Clark, for some milk for her children, and were both taken prisoners, but neither house nor barn hurt. _____ * The number is variously given in the records of the time; but as two witness agree upon the above number, we have given their estimate. There were also, it was stated, some French among the Indians. ** Rupp's History. *** In Franklin County. [597] I have heard of no more burnt in that valley, which makes me believe they have gone off for some time, but I much fear they will return before we are prepared for them; for it was three o'clock in the afternoon before a recruit came of about sixty men. Then we held council whether to pursue up the valley all night or return to McDowell's; the former of which I and Mr. Hoops and some others plead for, but could not obtain it without putting it to vote, which done, we were outvoted by a considerable number; upon which I and company was left by them (that night I came home), for I will not guard a man that will not fight when called in so imminent a manner; for there were not six of these men that would consent to go in pursuit of the Indians. I am much afraid that Juniata, Tuscarora and Sheerman's valley hath suffered. There are two-thirds of this valley who have already fled, leaving their plantations; and without speedy succor be granted, I am of opinion this country will be laid desolate and be without inhabitants. Last night I had a family of upwards of an hundred women and children, who fled for succor. You can form no just idea of the distress and distracted condition of our inhabitants unless you saw and heard their cries. I am of opinion that it is not in the power of our representatives to meet in Assembly at this time. If our Assembly will give us any additional supply of arms and ammunition, the latter of which is most wanted, I would wish it were put into the hands of such persons as would go out upon scouts after the Indians, rather than for the supply of forts. I am, sir, your most obedient, very humble servant, JOHN POTTER, Sheriff of Cumberland county. CARLISLE, November 2, 1755. GOVERNOR MORRIS: Honored Sir, - At four, this afternoon, by express from Conococheague, we are informed that yesterday about one hundred Indians were seen in the Great Cove, among whom was Shingas, the Delaware king; that immediately after discovery as many as had notice fled, and looking back upon a high hill, beheld their houses on fire, heard several guns fired, and the last shrieks of their dying neighbors. It is said the enemy divided and one part moved toward the Conolloways. Mr. Hamilton was here with sixty men from York county when the express came, and is to march early tomorrow to the upper part of the county. We have sent our expresses everywhere and intend to collect the forces of this lower part; expecting the enemy at Sheerman's valley, if not nearer at hand. I am of the opinion that no other means than a chain of blockhouses* along or near the south side of the Kittating mountain, from Susquehanna to the temporary line, can secure the lives and properties even of the old inhabitants of this county; the new settlements being all fled, except those of Sheerman's valley, whom, if God do not preserve, we fear will suffer very soon. I am your honor's disconsolate humble servant, JOHN ARMSTRONG. CONOCOCHEAGUE, Nov. 3, 1755. To the Hon. R. H. Morris, Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania: Sir: - I am very sorry to trouble you with this melancholy and disagreeable news; for on Saturday an express came from Peters township that the inhabitants of the Great Cove were all murdered or taken captive, and their houses and barns all in flames - some few fled upon notice brought them by a certain Patrick Burns, a captive, who had made his escape that very morning before this sad tragedy was done. Upon information as aforesaid, John Potter and myself sent expresses through our neighborhood, which induced many of them to meet with us at John McDowell's mill, where I, with many others, had the unhappy prospect to see the smoke of two houses which had been set on fire by the Indians, viz: Matthew Patton's and Mesech James' houses, where their cattle were shot down and horses standing bleeding with Indian arrows in them, but the Indians had fled. The Revd. Mr. Steel, Esq., and several others with us to the number of about one hundred, went in quest of the Indians, with all the expedition imaginable, but without success. These Indians have likewise taken two women captives, belonging to said township. I very much fear Path Valley has undergone the same fate. George Croghan was at Aughwick, where he had a small fort and about thirty- five men; but whether he has been molested or not, we cannot as yet say. We, to be sure, are in as bad circumstances as ever any poor Christians were ever in. For the cries of widowers, widows, fatherless and motherless children, with many others, for their relations, are enough to pierce the hardest of hearts. It is likewise a very sorrowful spectacle to see those that escaped with their lives, have not a mouthful to eat, or bed to lie on, or clothes to cover their nakedness or keep them warm; but all they had, consumed into ashes. These deplorable circumstances cry aloud for your Honor's most wise consideration, and that your Honor would take cognizance of, and grant what shall seem most meet. How shocking it is for the husband to see the wife of his bosom have her head cut off and the children's blood drunk like water by these bloody and cruel savages; as we are informed it has been the fate of many! While writing, I have received intelligence by some that fled from the Cove, that chiefly those in the upper part of it were killed and taken. One Galloway's son escaped after he saw his grandmother shot down and other relations taken prisoners. From some news I have had, I am apprehensive that George Croghan is in distress; though just now _____ * It appears that Fort Lyttleton was one of the forts erected in accordance with this suggestion of Col. Armstrong. We find mention of it in April, 1756, when Capt. Hance Hamilton was occupying it temporarily. See infra. [598] Mr. Burd, with about forty men, left my house, and we intend to join him tomorrow at Mr. McDowell's mill, with all the force we can raise, in order to see what damages have been done, and for his relief. As we have no magazines at present to supply the guards or scouts, the whole weight of their maintenance lies chiefly upon a few persons. I pray your Honor to excuse what blunders there are by reason of haste. I am with due regard, your Honor's most obedient and humble servant, Adam HOOPS. CONOCOCHEAGUE, Nov. 6, 1755. May it please your Honor: I have sent enclosed two qualifications, one of which is Patrick Burns', the bearer, and a tomahawk which was found sticking in the breast of one David McClellan. The people of Path Valley are all gathered in a small fort, and according to the last account, were safe. The Great Cove and Conolloways are all burned to ashes and about fifty persons killed or taken. Numbers of the inhabitants of this county have moved their families, some to York county, and some to Maryland. Hance Hamilton, Esq., is now at John McDowell's mill, with upwards of two hundred men from York county, and two hundred from this county, in all about four hundred. We are informed by a Delaware Indian who lives among us, that on the same day the murder was committed, he saw four hundred Indians in the Cove, and we have some reason to believe they are there yet. The people of Sheerman's Creek and Juniata have all come away and left their horses, and there are now about thirty miles of this county laid waste; I am afraid there will soon be more. I am your Honor's most humble servant, ADAM HOOPS. P.S. I have just received the account of one George McSwane, who was taken captive about fourteen days ago, and has made his escape, and brought two scalps and a tomahawk with him. OTHER ADVENTURES WITH INDIANS. "About the same time" (with the raid in the Big Cove), says Loudon in the second volume of his "Narrative," "there was a party of Cherokees, seventy in number, who came to the assistance of the people of Pennsylvania; they went in pursuit of a party of Indians as far as the west side of Sideling Hill, when they despaired of coming up with them, and returned. There were some white men along with these Cherokees, among whom was Hugh McSwine; this party, in their return, fell in with another party of Indians coming into the settlements to murder, and a skirmish ensued, but by some means McSwine was parted from his company and pursued by these Indians; his gun being loaded, he turned round and shot the one nearest him, and then ran on, and charging again, shot another, upon which the third gave a yell and turned back. The Cherokees after brought in four scalps and two prisoners of the enemy, one of which was a squaw who had been twelve times at war." McSwine's adventure happened as the party were returning to Conococheague, but whether in Fulton county or not there is no means of ascertaining. In spite of the wide-spread terror caused by the massacre in the Great cove on the 1st of November, 1755, it appears that some of the inhabitants had the hardihood to return to the settlements whence they had been driven, though the Indians were still rigorously pursuing their warfare. On January 28, 1756, more murders were committed on the Conolloways. According to the Pennsylvania Gazette of February 12, 1756, "they killed and scalped James Leaton. Catharine Stillwell and one of her children were killed and scalped, and two others carried off; one about eight, the other three years old. Her husband was at a neighbor's house when his wife was attacked, and from thence got into Coom's fort.* Elias Stillwell had seven horses and a mare carried off, one cow killed and one burnt. John McKenny's house was burnt, with all his household goods and clothing, and what remained of three beeves and seven fat hogs; he had likewise three cows killed, and three calves burnt in Samuel Eaton's barn. Samuel Hicks had eleven cattle and a valuable mare killed. Richard Malone's house and barn were burn and two of his cattle killed, and a house was burnt that belonged to one Hicks, who had been murdered some time ago. The tracks of seven Indians and of a child, supposed to be Mr. Stillwell's, with those of the horses they carried off, were seen in a cornfield, and they seemed to be going towards Aughwick." In April, 1756, McCord's fort in the Conococheague settlement was burned by the Indians, who then killed and captured twenty-seven persons. The inhabitants of the vicinity formed into three parties and went in pursuit of the savages. The latter escaped two of the scouting parties, but were overtaken by the third at Sideling hill. A sharp battle ensued and lasted _____ * Probably a blockhouse in the neighborhood; there was no fort on the Conolloways. [599] for two hours. The whites fired twenty-four rounds, but were finally overpowered, the Indians having been reinforced by a number of warriors under Shingas. About twenty were killed and as many wounded. The loss of the Indians was about the same number. The whites were led by Capt. Alexander Culbertson, who was killed in the engagement,* and the Indians by Capt. Jacobs. Under the date, April 4, 1756, Capt. Hance Hamilton, leading one of the three scouting parties above mentioned, writes from Fort Lyttleton to Capt. Potter, asking him to send an express to Carlisle immediately to procure the services of a physician for those wounded in the Sideling Hill engagement. At that time it was erroneously supposed that Capt. Jacobs, the Delaware chieftain, was among the savages killed; he, however, fell a few months later at the destruction of Kittanning. In a letter from Col. John Armstrong to Col. Stanwix, dated Fort Morris, June 10, 1757, he says: "At one o'clock this morning I received an express from Fort Loudon, with intelligence of Lieut. Holliday's having set out with seventy-five men to reconnoiter the woods; and at the deserted house of one McClellan, in a place called the Great cove, part of the men with the lieutenant went into the said house, while the residue were at some distance drinking water from the spring, and were unhappily surprised and surrounded by a party of Indians, said to be one hundred in number. Ten of our party got into Loudon before the express set out; their account is so imperfect that little dependence can be laid on it. They saw one of the soldiers fall and another was taken captive. June 24, 1757, John Kennedy was badly wounded, and a daughter of Garret Pendergrass** was killed, by the Indians at Fort Lyttleton. "In the spring of 1757, as we learn from a certificate of Gov. Denny, the savage Indians came and attacked the house of William Linn, residing on the Conolloway creek; killed and scalped his eldest son, a man of twenty-three years of age, took another son away with them, seventeen years of age, and broke the skull of a third son and scalped him and left him for dead, of which he afterward recovered. ~ ~ ~ That the enemy, Indians, repeating their attacks, the inhabitants living in those parts were obliged to desert their plantations, and leave their effects behind."*** In 1763 the Indians, by a preconcerted movement, fell upon many of the frontier settlements in harvest time, and again brought death and devastation upon the suffering country. The inhabitants of the Great cove suffered less than other portions of Cumberland county on account of the magnanimity and forethought of one of its citizens. David Scott,**** of the cove, gave his bond to pay and maintain a scouting party of twenty-seven men for three months. During this time the Indians who threatened the valley were repulsed, and the whites were enabled to secure their crops. September 17, 1763, a petition from the inhabitants of the Great cove and Conococheague, in the county of Cumberland, was presented to the assembly setting forth that "the petitioners, by the late depredations and ravages of the Indians committed on their neighbors, being in very imminent danger, were under the necessity of taking into pay a number of men, amounting to thirty, accustomed to hunting, inured to hardships, and well acquainted with the country, for the protection of themselves and families. That the said men, being a body of intrepid, resolute fellows, under the command of one who was a captive with the Indians for several years, scouted at considerable distance, and by dispatching runners, gave the inhabitants timely notice of any impending danger, by means whereof they have been enabled to continue on their plantations, and stand a barrier to the interior neighboring settlements. That had not this expedient been fallen upon, they must have deserted their habitations and depended upon the charities of others; and that, although they are very sensible of, and gratefully acknowledge, the care of the legislature in granting a number of men for the protection of the frontiers, yet they find themselves under the necessity of employing this body of men, inasmuch as the _____ * This incident is given in a compilation entitled "The History and Topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams and Perry counties," by I. Daniel Rupp, published at Chambersburg in 1846. The work contains much valuable history, and from it we have drawn the subject matter of a considerable portion of this chapter. - EDITOR. ** See History of Bedford. Pendergrass, the pioneer settler at Bedford, appears to have fled to Fort Lyttleton for shelter before Fort Bedford was built. *** James Pott, in Egle's History of Pennsylvania. **** The oldest title to land in this valley, says James Pott, who has made special investigation of this subject, is believed to be a proprietary warrant granted to David Scott November 6, 1749. The land was not surveyed until 1760, though it was previously occupied. As the land west of the Kittatinny mountains was not purchased from the Indians until 1754, this warrant antedates the purchase five years. [600] soldiers granted by the department are not acquainted with the country or the Indian manner of fighting. That the petitioners are poor and incapable of supporting this body of men, having already advanced greater sums than they could afford; and unless they are assisted by the government, shall be obliged to abandon their plantations to the savages, to the ruin of themselves and the great injury of their neighbors. For which reasons they humbly pray the house would take the premises into consideration and enable them to continue the aforesaid body of men, in such manner, and subject to such directions as they shall judge most proper and advantageous.* The fortifications of Cumberland county were well filled with people who sought their shelter during the year 1763. Fort Lyttleton received many of the fugitives. During the revolutionary period, the pioneers of the present county of Fulton also suffered from the attacks of the murderous savages. Many particulars concerning the inhabitants of the Great cove at that time are given in a preceding chapter. The following petition, a copy of which has been kindly furnished the writer by Hon. J. Simpson Africa, of Huntingdon, so well portrays the dangers and deprivations of the early settlers during the revolutionary period, that we give it entire: May 19, 1778 The Inhabitants of Dublin Township, to the Honourable Assembly, the Representatives of the state of Pennsylvania: We, your humble petitioners, deeply impressed with a sense of the danger to which we are exposed by the Indians, beg leave in a suppliant manner to lay our case before you, praying that in your deliberations you may endeavor to adopt proper measures for our safety and protection. You are no doubt informed that the Savages have already begun to murder and destroy the property of the inhabitants on the frontiers of the State; that those who escaped their barbarities, fearing lest they may also fall a prey into their hands, are flying to more secure parts of the country. As this is the case, what are we to expect but in a short time to lie open to all the cruelties they are now obliged to suffer; our lives to be taken away in the most inhuman manner, our property to be wantonly destroyed, and ourselves and our families reduced to the greatest distress. These are the dangers to which we look forward with fear and anxiety, and these are the dangers against which we pray that you in your wisdom w'd make the speediest and most effectual provisions. Besides, should the cruelties of the savages extend as far as us, you must know that we are not capable of ourselves to make adequate resistance; we must flie and leave those who are now more remote from danger, exposed to all the inhumanity which we now dread, before the danger reaches us. We will cheerfully contribute all the assistance in our power to the present sufferers, but shall ourselves become the sufferers, many circumstances will concur to hinder us from exerting ourselves effectually for that purpose. Farther, what will be the consequence of the savages ravaging the country and driving the inhabitants before them without any opposition? We shall shortly be deprived of the common support of life, nor have we any secure retreat to w'h we may flie for protection. Hence it appears that the sooner we put a stop to their progress, it will in many respects turn out to our greater advantage. We would not pretend to dictate to your wisdom, any particular plan necessary in the present exigency, but only pray in the most suppliant manner that you would seriously [regard] our situation and proceed in the speediest manner against the evils that now threaten us. Neither do we lay these considerations before you, to awaken the feelings of humanity. We apprehend you are sensibly affected with the view of our distressed situation, and will at all times act for the good of the people whose sentiments you are supposed to speak. We only mean to shew you that we are a part of the whole, so that the whole must be rendered more weak in proportion to the loss we or any other part may sustain. Your hearkening to the voice of our petition, and endeavouring to give us the speediest succour in your power, will increase our obligations to confess ourselves to be ever bound in duty to pray. Signed by James Coyle, James Shields, John Shedagars, William Marks, George Shedagars, David Walker, Thomas Hunter, Robert Ramsey, Campbell Lefever, James Neely, Thomas Burd, James McBride, John Stitt, James Wilson, Hugh Davidson, John Walker, John Ramsey, Robert Nelson, John Brison, Charles McGill, Isaac Lefever, John Moore, John Tice, Andrew Michael, Andrew Hammer, John Galloher, Nicholas Welch, James Morton, James Fleming, Samuel Morton, John Morton, Alexander McCalroy, George Wilson, John Appleby, John Wilson, John Morrison, Patrick Fitzsimmons, William Carter, Thomas Carter, James McCee, Henry Holtz. These petitioners resided chiefly within the territory now embraced by Dublin and Taylor townships in Fulton county, and Dublin township in Huntingdon county. Their descendants, many of them, still reside in the same localities. The great struggle having ended, a rapid influx of population began, and not long after the revolution, the territory between the Tuscarora and Ray's Hill mountains was comparatively well peopled by honest and industrious agri- _____ *Rupp's History [601] culturists. To the Scotch-Irish settlers, Germans were added, and their thrifty habits tended greatly to advance the prosperity of this region. Among the early settlers there were also many immigrants from Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania. Nearly all of the present inhabitants of Fulton county are descendants of the original settlers. FORT LYTTLETON Fort Lyttleton was one of a chain of forts erected by the provincial authorities, for the protection of the frontiers, between the years 1752 and 1760. Fort Shirley, in Huntingdon county, Fort Lyttleton, in Fulton county, and Fort Loudon, in Franklin county, were on an almost direct line running north and south. There was another range of forts running westward, to which Fort Bedford belonged. Fort Lyttleton was an important point during the French and Indian war, and frequent mention is made of it in the preceding chapters. The letter of Col. Armstrong, advising the erection of a series of fortifications, has already been given. The governor of the province sent out officers to locate and build stockades and blockhouses in December, 1755, and by the following February, several were completed and occupied. Under the date February 9, 1756, Gov. Morris says, in a letter to Gen. Shirley: "For the defense of our western frontiers, I have caused four forts to be built beyond the Kittatinny hills. The one stands on the new road opened by this province toward the Ohio, and about twenty miles from the settlements, and I have called it Fort Lyttleton* in honor of my friend, Sir George. This fort will not only protect the inhabitants in that part of the province, but, being upon a road that within a few miles joins Gen. Braddock's route, it will prevent the march of any regulars that may enter the province, and at the same time serve as an advanced post or magazine in case of an attempt to the westward. About twenty miles northward of Fort Lyttleton, at a place called Aughwick, another fort is erected, something larger than Lyttleton, which I have taken the liberty to honor with the name Fort Shirley. This stands near the great path used by the Indians and Indian traders, to and from the Ohio, and consequently the easiest way of access for the Indians into the settlements of this province. At each of these forts I have placed a garrison of seventy-five men and ordered them to range the woods each way." The original plan of Fort Lyttleton, preserved in Harrisburg, shows it to have been an elaborate and well-arranged defensive work. Scarcely a vestige of the fort is now visible, but its name is perpetuated in that of the little village which has grown up near its site. CHAPTER LXXX. CIVIL HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Erection of the County, April 19, 1850 - Provisions of the Legislative enactment Relative to the County - The Vote For and Against the Proposed New County - Subscriptions for the Erection of Public Buildings - Names of Bondsmen - Commissioners' Meetings - Awarding the Contracts - The First Term of Court - First Grand Jury - Civil Officers from 1850 to 1883 - Vote for Governor - Population of the County by Each Census, 1850 to 1880. BY an act of the legislature, approved April 19, 1850, it is provided that "all that part of Bedford county lying east of the following line, to wit: Beginning on a line between the States of Pennsylvania and Maryland at a point where the western boundary line of Bethel township in Bedford county intersects said line; thence north along said township line to the southeast corner of East Providence township thence along the southern line of said township to the top of Ray's hill; thence along the top of said Ray's Hill to the line between the townships of East Providence and Wells in said county; thence along said line to the point where it is intersected by the line between the townships of East Providence and Wells in said county; thence along said line to the point where it is intersected by the line between the townships of Wells and Broad Top; and thence along said line to the Huntingdon county line, including the townships of Ayr, Belfast, Bethel, Dublin, Licking Creek, Taylor, Thomson, Tod, Wells, and part of East Providence, be and is hereby erected into a new county to be called Fulton."** Section four of this act provides for the opening and holding of the courts in McConnellsburg until a court-house shall be erected in and for said county. Section sixteen enacts that Peter Donahoe, David Mann, Jr., and Andrew J. Fore be commissioners to run and mark the boundary lines _____ * Lyttleton is the proper spelling of the word, and not Littleton, as it is now generally written. ** The petitioners asked that the new county be named "Liberty," and the original draft of the bill presented in the house provided for the same name. The passage of the bill in the senate depended upon the action of Senator Packer, of Lycoming county, who finally agreed to support the bill, provided that he be allowed to name the county. This proposition was agreed to by the friends of the measure, and thus the new county became Fulton instead of Liberty. [602] of the county and report their proceedings with accurate drafts; copies of these reports to be deposited in the office of the prothonotary of the county, and in the office of the secretary of the commonwealth. Section eighteen provides for an election to be held the second Tuesday of October, 1850, to choose county officers for Fulton county. Section twenty provides for the erection of county buildings by the commissioners first elected in the county. In the twenty-first section it is enacted "that in addition to the duties imposed by the sixteenth and seventeenth sections of this act upon the commissioners named therein, they are hereby authorized to receive subscriptions of money and materials toward defraying the expenses of purchasing lots and erecting the public buildings of the county, and also to locate the seat of justice of said county: Provided, however, that they shall locate it at the place which will pay or secure to be paid the most money toward the erection of the public buildings of said county." Section twenty-sixth: "The citizens of the said county of Fulton shall, before the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty, raise by voluntary subscription at least eight thousand dollars toward the purchase of lots, the erection of public buildings, and the payment of the tax, required by the state upon this act, and shall give security for the faithful payment thereof to the said county in a judgment bond to be signed by three or more of their number and approved by the commissioners appointed by the sixteenth section of this act," etc. Section twenty-eighth provides for a special election to be held in the several election districts of the proposed new county, on June 22, 1850, to vote for or against the erection of said county. At the special election held in accordance with the provisions of the last- named section, the vote was as follows: For Fulton county, seven hundred and seventy-two; against Fulton county, four hundred and three; majority for Fulton county, three hundred and sixty-nine. The citizens of the county at once began to secure subscriptions in accordance with the provisions of the law. A portion favored the location of the county seat in the northern part of the county, and raised a large amount for that purpose. They, however, were compelled to yield to the wishes of the citizens of McConnellsburg and vicinity, who pledged the sum of thirteen thousand dollars for the erection of the county buildings in that town, thus securing the prize. This amount included both the money and the materials subscribed. A judgment bond of twice the amount was given the commissioners by James Agnew, Thomas Greathead, W. S. Fletcher, Henry Hoke, John W. Bohn, S. Elliott Duffield, Jacob Stoner, Mark Dickson, Elias Davidson, James Kay, Daniel Fore, William Keyser, John Cook, James Kendall, Thomas Logan, F. W. McNaughton, William Cooper, Daniel Logan and John Kittle. At a meeting of the newly elected board of county commissioners, Henry Sipes, James Hughes and Frederick Dubbs, December 13, 1850, the clerk was directed to give notice that plans and specifications for a court-house and jail would be received on the 15th of January next. At the same meeting the commissioners made arrangements for the holding of the several courts of Fulton county in the Methodist church in McConnellsburg, paying for this privilege the sum of twenty- five dollars for each and every term of court. January 15, 1851, after examining the plans presented for the court-house and jail, the commissioners adopted the plan of Jacob Stoner for the court-house, and drew up and filed specifications in accordance with the same. No plan for the jail was agreed upon until February 4, 1851, when that drawn by Solomon Filler, Esq., of Bedford, was adopted. Proposals for erection of the buildings were examined by the commissioners February 13. Aaron Staines, of Huntingdon county, being the lowest bidder for the court-house, was awarded the contract. John Sipes, being the lowest bidder, was awarded the contract for building the jail. His bid was two thousand eight hundred and seventy-four dollars. On February 21, 1851, a contract was made between the county commissioners and Aaron Staines, Robert Madden and John Robertson, in which the gentlemen named agreed to build the court-house, and have it completed ready for the January term of court, 1852, for the sum of five thousand six hundred and ninety-five dollars. This amount was subsequently increased slightly by special contracts. The specifications for the building provided that it should be two [603] stories, 52 x 74 feet, of brick, with a portico. The subscriptions were all paid, and thus the county was supplied with good public buildings without resorting to taxation for any part of their cost. The clock in the dome of the courthouse, estimated at six hundred dollars, was given by James Agnew, of McConnellsburg. The first recorded meeting of the commissioners in the new court-house was held on Monday, April 5, 1852. The following entry appears at that date: Commissioners met, all present. The commissioners' office having been removed to the court-house, the board proceeded to do business and suffer, the weather being extremely cold, and the room not being like a goodly number of persons in attendance at court, extremely tight. Wm. B. SIPES*, Clerk. THE FIRST COURTS. The first term of court held in Fulton county opened on Monday, January 13, 1851, at 2 o'clock P.M., at the Methodist church, in McConnellsburg. The associate judges, David Mann, Jr., and Mark Dickson, presided in the absence of Hon. Jeremiah S. Black, the president judge. But little business was brought before the court, and on the following day it adjourned until the next term. The first grand jury empaneled for the April term of court, 1851, was as follows: William W. Kirk, foreman; Mahlon Barton, John Jordan, Samuel J. Work, Abraham King, William Bowhay, John Henry, John Piper, Philip Stoner, Christian Hauman, Isaac C. Stine, David Leidy, Ephraim Hixon, Esq., Abner Mason, James Austin, George Hoke, Benjamin Greenland, Esq., John Kline, Ephraim Garland, John Pott, Israel Akers, Thomas Hessler. CIVIL LIST. President Judges. - the president judges of the sixteenth judicial district are given in a preceding chapter. Fulton county was a part of that district until 1874, when it was transferred to the thirty-ninth district, and remained a part of the same until 1883. Hon. D. Watson Rowe was president judge of the thirty-ninth district during the time Fulton belonged to it. In 1883 Adams and Fulton were constituted the forty-second judicial district, of which Hon. William McLean is the present president judge. Associate Judges. - 1851, David Mann, Jr., Mark Dickson; 1851, Samuel Robinson, Nathaniel Kelly; 1856, J. W. Bohn, appointed in April, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Judge Kelly; 1856, William S. Nelson, William Lodge; 1861, Lemuel Gordon, Robert Campbell; 1866, J. W. Porter, George White; 1871, John B. Hoke, to fill a vacancy; 1871, Thomas Sipes, Daniel Logan; 1876, George W. Barton, James Cooper; 1881, John Daniels, Samuel L. Buckley. District Attorneys - 1850, William P. Schell; 1851, John J. Bonnett, appointed at the October term of court; 1852, Enoch G. Day; 1853, James B. Boggs; 1856, John W. Reges; 1858, C. M. Barton; 1861, Henry G. Smith; 1864, J. Nelson Sipes; 1865, George A. Smith; 1866, John R. Donehoo; 1869, John R. Donehoo; 1870, John A. Robinson; 1873, J. Nelson Sipes; 1876, W. Scott Alexander; 1879, William B. Skinner; 1882, John P. Sipes. Prothonotaries*. - 1850 (December 1), George Wilds; 1853, Solomon Mason (died in office); 1854, Jacob Reed (to fill a vacancy); 1854, T. W. B. McFadden; 1857, Robert Ross; 1860, William C. McNulty; 1863, John A. Robinson; 1866, same; 1869, Robert A. McDonald; 1872, 1876, and 1879, same; 1881, William H. Nelson. Treasurers. - Elected 1850, John B. Hoke; 1852, James B. Sansom; 1854, William Cooper; 1856, Jacob McDonald; 1858, J. W. Porter; 1860, George Wilds; 1862, David Metzler; 1864, D. R. Dunlap; 1866, James Cooper; 1868, Thomas Kirk; 1870, J. M. Fields; 1872, William A. Speer; 1874, George Snider; 1877, David F. Chesnut; 1880, James Sipes; 1883, B. M. Lodge. Auditors. - 1850, Aaron Hess, William Lodge, Jacob Waltz; 1851, Jacob Waltz; 1852, John Wishart; 1853, William Nelson; 1854, James Fields; 1855, John Chesnut; 1856, John P. Peck; 1857, George R. Sipes; 1858, George W. Barton; 1859, John Robinson; 1860, George Whitehill; 1861, James A. Harris; 1862, Charles A. Phenicie; 1863, Thomas Kirk; 1864, A. J. Fore; 1865, Jacob Waltz; 1866, John Chesnut (three years), James A. Harris (one year); 1867, [604] Nathan Barnett; 1868, John Alexander; 1869, George McGovern; 1870, Nathan Barnett; 1871, S. F. Keepers; 1872, Lemuel Garland; 1873, Jacob W. Miller; 1874, Josabed Lodge; 1875, Abner H. Stigers, William Horton, Nathan B. Hixson; 1878, A. J. Craig, William S. Dickson, John M. Stevens; 1881, John P. Laley, Benjamin F. Hess, Jacob Hewett. Commissioners. - Elected, 1850, for three years, Frederick Dubbs; for two years, James Hughes; for one year, Henry Sipes; 1851, Mason Lodge; 1852, W. Alexander; 1853, Henry Fite; 1854, Robert Campbell, George Garland; 1855, George Gerhard; 1856, John A. Keepers; 1857, John Wishert; 1858, Jacob Waltz; 1859, Geo. McGovern; 1860, James Daniels; 1861, George W. Barton; 1862, John Gough, 1863, Jacob Lake; 1864, G. W. Leighty; 1865, George W. Barton; 1866, Lemuel Hill; 1867, James A. Harris; 1868, Daniel Peck; 1869, Harvey Wishart; 1870, Abner Hess; 1871, George Holly; 1872, B. E. Barton; 1873, Jacob J. Mellott; 1874, Jacob Hendershot; 1875, Enoch Hart, George W. Kesselring, Thos. R. Palmer; 1878, Daniel Covalt, Amos C. Fields, Joab L. Deneen; 1881, James Daniels, Geo. McGovern, Peter Morton. McGovern, of this board, having resigned, George Snider was appointed in his stead, in October, 1882. Sheriffs. - 1850, Jacob Bernhard; 1853, Samuel Michaels; 1856, Dennis Daniels; 1859, David F. Chesnut; 1862, David Fore; 1866, Benjamin N. Sterrett; 1868, John Hill; 1871, John J. Morton; 1874, Benjamin N. Sterrett; 1878, George J. Pittman; 1881, Noah K. Linn; 1883, J. Alfred Rummel. Coroners. - 1850, George White; 1853, S. B. Carmack; 1855, John Betz; 1856, Lewis Dubbs; 1859, Daniel Peck; 1861, Daniel Lake; 1863, James Lynch; 1863, Joseph A. Smith (to fill a vacancy); 1864, Jacob Numma; 1865, same; 1866, R. I. Hunter; 1867, M. V. B. Johnston; 1868, B. E. Barton; 1869, Enoch Hart; 1871, Dr. R. I Hunter; 1872, H. H. Hill; 1873, Dr. Nevin B. Shade; 1874, same; 1878, Job L. Gregory; 1880, J. Alfred Rummel; 1882, Andrew K. Davis; 1883, Watson Douglas. Of the above-named persons elected to the office, several never qualified. County Surveyors. - 1850, Andrew J. Fore; 1853 and 1856, same; 1859, Samuel Lyon; 1862, Geo. Holly; 1865, William P. Gordon; 1868, Isaac N. Culp; 1871, Henry W. Scott; 1874, George Holly; 1877, same; 1880, William P. Gordon; 1883, Jonas Lake. LEGISLATORS Congressmen. - Seventeenth district, comprising Bedford Fulton, Franklin, Adams and Juniata counties: 1851-3, Joseph H. Kuhn; 1853-5, Samuel L. Russell; 1855-7, David F. Robinson; 1857-9, Wilson Reily; 1859-61, Edward McPherson; 1861-3, Edward McPherson. Sixteenth district - Somerset, Bedford, Fulton, Franklin and Adams: 1863-5, Alexander H. Coffroth; 1865-7, Alexander H. Coffroth; 1867-9 William H. Koontz; 1869-71, John Cessna; 1871-3, Benjamin F. Meyers; 1873-5, John Cessna. Eighteenth district - Franklin, Fulton, Juniata, Huntingdon, Snyder and Perry: 1875-7, W. S. Stenger; 1877-9, W. S. Stenger; 1879-81, Horatio G. Fisher; 1881- 3, L. E. Atkinson. State Senators - Somerset, Bedford and Fulton: 1852-4, Hamilton B. Barnes; 1855-7, Francis Jordan; 1858-60, William P. Schell. Fulton, Franklin and Adams: 1860-62, Alexander K. McClure; 1863-5, William McSherry. Bedford, Somerset and Fulton: 1864-6, Geo. W. Householder; 1867-9, Alexander Stutzman; 1870-2, Hiram Findlay. Bedford, Fulton, Blair and Somerset: 1873-5, John A. Lemon. Bedford, Somerset and Fulton: 1875-8, Enoch D. Yutzy; 1879-82, Frederick Grof; 1883-6, Jacob H. Longenecker. Representatives to the Legislature: - Bedford, Fulton and Cambria: 1851, John Linton, John Cessna; 1852, W. P. Schell, John Kean; 1853, W. P. Schell, Thomas Collins; 1854, Thomas Collins, W. T. Daugherty; 1855, W. T. Daugherty, George P. King; 1856, Joseph Bernhard, G. Nelson Smith; 1857, William C. Reamer, G. Nelson Smith. Franklin and Fulton: 1858, Alexander K. McClure, James Nill; 1859, Alexander K. McClure, James Nill; 1860, J. C. Austin, J. R. Brewster; 1861, J. C. Austin, J. R. Brewster; 1862, W. W. Sellers, John Rowe; 1863, William Horton, Jonathan Jacoby; 1864, William Horton, J. McDowell Sharpe. Somerset, Bedford and Fulton: 1865, Moses A. Ross, David B. Armstrong; 1866, Moses A. Ross, David B. Armstrong; 1867, John T. Richards, John Weller; 1868, John T. Richards, John Weller; 1869, John Weller, J. H. Longenecker; 1870, J. H. Longenecker, Benj. F. Long; 1871, S. P. Wishart, W. H. Sanner. Bedford [605] and Fulton: 1872, J. W. Dickerson (died); George A. Smith (filling vacancy); 1873, John M. Reynolds; 1874, John M. Reynolds. Fulton: 1875-6, H. S. Wishart; 1877-8, R. I. Hunter; 1879-80, A. C. Davis; 1881-2, James Kelly; 1883-4, James A. Harris. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Ayr township. - 1851, Jacob Hauger, John Alexander; 1856, David Crouse; 1861, David Crouse; 1866, Henry Unger; 1869, William Mealman; 1870, J. W. Crouse; 1875, David Crouse; 1880, A. J. Craig; 1881, David Lynch; 1883, S. J. Comerer. Belfast township. - 1855, Theodore Mellott, George Garland; 1860, Daniel Lake, Thomas Morton; 1865, Daniel Lake, Enoch Hart; 1870, Enoch Hart, J. J. Mellott; 1875, Bartimeus Smith, Daniel P. Dishong; 1880, Bartimeus Smith, Daniel P. Dishong. Bethel township. - 1853, Jacob Walters; 1855, Benjamin Mellott; 1858, Jacob Walters; 1860, Benjamin Mellott; 1863, Jacob Walters; 1865, Benjamin Mellott; 1868, John S. Covalt; 1870, Benjamin Mellott; 1873, John S. Covalt; 1875, Charles Barney; 1878, John S. Covalt; 1880, Caleb Hixson; 1883, John S. Covalt. Brush Creek township. - 1851, Abraham Ensley; 1854, Ephraim Hixon; 1856, Abraham Ensley; 1859, George W. Barton; 1861, Joshua Hixon; 1864, Abraham Ensley; 1866, Mason Lodge; 1867, Isaac Martin; 1869, Abraham Ensley; 1872, Alfred P. Bye; 1874, Isaiah Layton, John Howsare; 1879, Isaiah Layton, Joshua Hixon. Dublin township. - 1851, James R. Thomson; 1854, Washington Gaver; 1855, Robert Campbell; 1859, Washington Gaver; 1860, Robert Campbell; 1862, Elliott D. Ramsey; 1865, John M. Fields; 1868, Samuel Kirk; 1870, John M. Fields; 1872, Robert O. Campbell; 1873, William J. McCoy; 1875, Richard Allender; 1878, William J. McCoy; 1879, George S. Doran; 1880, A. J. Taylor. Licking Creek township. - 1855, J. F. McEldowney, Benjamin Greenland; 1860, James H. McEldowney, David Metzler; 1865, David Metzler, James A. Harris; 1870, David Metzler, James A. Harris; 1872, John Daniels; 1875, G. Y. Schooley; 1877, James A. Harris; 1880, H. S. Daniels; 1882, George W. Decker. McConnellsburg borough. - 1855, James King, Anthony shoemaker; 1860, James King, Samuel Michaels; 1865, James King, William B. Seylar; 1870, B. N. Sterrett; 1871, William B. Seylar; 1875, Joseph A. Smith, W. S. Alexander; 1877, Smith M. Robinson; 1880, Joseph A. Smith; 1881, Joseph A. Smith, 1881, John P. Sipes. Taylor township. - 1851, George Kesselring; David Stevens; 1856, George Kesselring; 1858, Thomas Kirk; 1860, William Anderson; 1863, James Fields, Jesse Berkstresser; 1868, James Fields, Thomas Gracey; 1873, Thomas Gracey, George W. Kesselring; 1878, James G. Lyon, Sr.; 1879, Thomas Gracey; 1883, T. B. Stevens. Thomson township. - 1853, Henry Fite, Jacob Waltz; 1858, Jacob Waltz; 1863, Jacob Waltz, John S. Covalt; 1865, Henry Brewer; 1868, Jacob Waltz; 1870, John P. Peck; 1872, Henry Fite; 1874, Daniel Covalt; 1877, Henry Fite; 1879, Daniel Covalt; 1882, Jacob C. Hewett. Tod township. - 1851, Daniel Gillis; 1852, James Dishong; 1853, Andrew Comerer; 1855, David Fore, Sr.; 1860, George McGovern; 1861, Jacob Wagoner; 1865, Daniel Fore, Jr.; 1866, Adam Gress, Sr.; 1868, James T. Connelly; 1869, John Bell; 1870, Daniel E. Fore; 1872, Samuel M. Kelso; 1875, Daniel E. Fore; 1877, Samuel M. Kelso; 1880, Daniel E. Fore; 1881, Joseph Myers. Union township. - 1865, Josiah R. Potter, William Lafferty; 1870, William McKibbin, William L. Lee; 1872, Tilghman Northcraft; 1875, Isaiah Lehman, John F. Schetrompf; 1879, James Rhea, 1880; Isaiah Lehman. Wells township. - 1854, John B. Alexander; 1855, Abednego Edwards; 1859, John B. Alexander; 1860, Kimber A. Moore; 1864, William Horton; 1865, Edward Pearson; 1869, John B. Alexander; 1870, J. G. Cunningham; 1874, John B. Alexander; 1875, Allison L. Edwards; 1879, John B. Alexander; 1880, Robert I. Hunter. VOTE FOR GOVERNOR. The following is the vote of Fulton county for governor at each triennial election since the county was formed: 1851. William Bigler, Dem., 840; William F. Johnston, Whig, 706. 1854. William Bigler, Dem., 876; James Pollock, Whig, 705. 1857. William F. Packer, Dem. 817; D. Wilmot, Free Soil, 570; I. Hazelhurst, American, 9. 1860. Henry D. Foster, Dem., 957; Andrew G. Curtin, Rep., 828. [606] 1863. George W. Woodward, Dem., 1,022; Andrew G. Curtin, Rep., 761. 1866. Hiester Clymer, Dem., 1,055; John W. Geary, Rep., 775. 1869. Asa Packer, Dem., 1,066; John W. Geary, Rep., 680. 1872. Charles R. Buckalew, Dem., 1,125; John F. Hartranft, 797. 1875. Cyrus L. Pershing, Dem., 981; John F. Hartranft, Rep., 684; Robert A. Browne, Proh., 12. 1878. Andrew H. Dill, Dem., 1,222; Henry M. Hoyt, Rep., 794. 1882. Robert E. Pattison, Dem., 1,036; James A. Beaver, Rep., 611; John Stewart, Ind. Rep., 86; Alfred C. Pettit, 1; Thomas A. Armstrong, 1. The vote of the county on the question of prohibition, in 1854, was as follows: for prohibition, 426 votes; against prohibition, 832 votes. Vote on the question of license, in 1873: For license, 756; against license, 512. POPULATION OF FULTON COUNTY. As given by the census returns: DISTRICTS 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. Ayr 1,055 1,154 1,247 1,309 Belfast 763 822 856 928 Bethel 1,137 1,535 861 938 Brush Creek 375 480 876 820 Dublin 685 869 879 931 Licking Creek 953 1,028 925 1,077 McConnellsburg 477 556 552 584 Taylor 514 793 868 988 Thomson 671 697 649 732 Tod 514 570 634 626 Union 424 602 Wells 420 627 589 614 Total 7,564 9,131 9,360 10,149 ~~~*~~~