History: Local: Chapter XXVI - Part II: Educational : Bean's 1884 History of Montgomery Co, PA Contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by Susan Walters USGENWEB NOTICE: Printing this file by non-commercial individuals and libraries is encouraged, as long as all notices and submitter information is included. Any other use, including copying files to other sites requires permission from the submitters PRIOR to uploading to any other sites. We encourage links to the state and county table of contents. บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ BEAN'S HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA บบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบบ 407 CHAPTER XXVI. Part II EDUCATIONAL. FREELAND SEMINARY (NOW URSINUS COLLEGE). -This institution, located in the village of Freeland, Upper Providence township, Montgomery Co., near the Perkiomen Railroad, was opened to public patronage on the 7th day of November, 1848. It was intended to meet a popular demand for additional educational advantages in a thickly populated district of country, whose thriving people, many of them of German ancestry and still loving the mother tongue, desired their children to have facilities acquiring a more liberal education than was afforded by the common schools of their neighborhood. Prominent among the liberal and progressive in their views upon the subject of education were Abraham Hunsicker and his son, Rev. Henry A Hunsicker. Prompted solely by a desire to promote the best interests of the youth of the upper districts of the county, these gentlemen, supported by liberal co-laborers, established Freeland Seminary. They called to their aid finely- trained educators, and it soon became manifest that their efforts would be fairly rewarded. Among, the early teacher was Professor J. W. Sunderland, who subsequently founded the Pennsylvania Female College in the same neighborhood. The seminary was well patronized by the Perkiomen Valley residents, and the intelligent farmers and business men of the county, and many of the members of the learned professions of the present generation, owe to this institution their acknowledgments for those early advantages which have enabled them to attain eminence and success in life. For the period of twenty-one years -1848 to 1869- it was conducted as a seminary for the higher education of young men, during which time the number of students in attendance was usually between two and three hundred each year. PICTURE OF HENRY A. HUNSICKER, APPEARS HERE. HENRY A. HUNSICKER is the son of Rev. Abraham and Elizabeth Hunsicker, and was, born November 10, 1825. His father, who was a farmer, afforded his son in youth but the limited advantages of the common-schools though he later became a pupil of Washington Hall boarding-school, then under the 408 care of Rev. Henry S. Rodenbaugh, and subsequently of the Treemount Seminary, Norristown, then presided over by Rev. Samuel Aaron. These advantages however, were so well improved by close application to hard study, rigid scholastic discipline and a naturally inquiring mind, added to great administrative ability, that he was able, in his twenty-second year, with the assistance of his father and friends, to erect buildings and open Freeland Seminary for the education of young men. This school, for a period from 1847 to 1865 under his management, became very prosperous, after which it was leased for the term of five years to Professor Fetterolf, now the president of Girard College, Philadelphia, and afterwards sold to Dr. J. H. A. Bomberger, of Philadelphia, who obtained a charter and opened Ursinus College. During this time about two thousand three hundred pupils were under his instruction. As a Principal Mr. Hunsicker was rigid, yet mild, his kindly management enabling his pupils to bear with them most agreeable memories of their school-days. Rev. Abraham Hunsicker was a bishop and prominent leader of the Reformed Mennonite Church. His son at the age of twenty-three united with this church, and was with his father and others in organizing this present Trinity Church of Freeland in 1851, where for some years he assisted in ministerial labors. This church was the result of a schism, which occurred in the Mennonite denomination growing out of the distrust of the latter body in the training of the young and an earliest opposition to secret societies. Mr. Hunsicker was, in 1849, married to Mary S. Weinberger, whose children are Clement W., Joseph H., Abraham Lincoln, Flora G. and Howard Alvin, of whom Abraham L. met with an accident which proved fatal. Mrs. Hunsicker died May 7, 1874, and he was again married May 1876, to Annie C. Gotwals, whose children are Mary, and Edna Elizabeth. Mr. Hunsicker has held strong antislavery and temperance views for many years, acting first with the Free-Soilers and later with the Prohibitionist. He supported Hale in 1852, Fremont in 1856, Lincoln in 1860 and 1864 and Grant in 1868, since which time he has uniformly voted the Prohibition ticket. He has, however, little taste for politics and never sought office, though nominated by his friends for Congress in 1874, and previously for the State Senate and the Constitutional Convention. Although chosen by his Christian brethren a minister, and ordained such, he never regarded himself a settled or stated clergyman and never received any pecuniary compensation for such service. After closing a round of duty for twenty years as an instructor of youth, he embarked in the lumber business in Philadelphia, in which he is still interested as the head of the firm of Henry A. Hunsicker & Sons. Mr. Hunsicker, being of a kindly and generous nature, has ever been willing to assist in carrying forward schemes of public improvement or moral and religious reform. According, his attainments in his life are measured by what he had accomplished for other, rather than for himself. He had more recently been employed in several valuable agencies of a public nature, especially in assisting emigrants from the East to secure good localities for settlement in Kansas, and other Western States. URSINUS COLLEGE was chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania 1869. In securing the franchise and presenting its advantages to the public, its founders say: "In a partial respect, this institution is a continuation, under an enlarged and more comprehensive form, of Freeland Seminary, a school established more than twenty years ago and favorably known as the Alma Mater of upwards of two thousand voting men, educated within its walls. It owes its establishment to the lively interest felt by it, founders in the advancement of education in the higher branches of learning upon the basis of Christianity, and with chief regard to religious ends." Ruled by this desire, they chose as the specific designation of their new institution the name of one of the most distinguished reformers and scholars of the sixteenth century. Ursinus, the renowned theologians of the Palatinate, Germany, under Frederick II., surnamed "The Pious," and principal author of the Heidelberg catechism and many masterly works in defiance of Apostolic Catholicism, will ever be held in honored remembrance as a most worthy representative of eminent learning consecrated to the service of pure Christianity. "In its general system of education Ursinus College will endeavor to meet the wants of the age by adopting a wise and healthy medium between the abstract ideal and materialistic utilitarian theories." DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND FACULTY, 1869. Directors James Koons, Sr Rev. Jesse Knipe, H. W. Kratz, Esq A. Kline A. Von Haagen Rev. J. Dahlman George W. Schall Rev. William Sorber, Abel Thomas Rev. Abraham Hunsicker J. W. Suderland, LL.D. John Wiest Andrew W. Myers Rev H. H. W. Hibschman Rev. J.H.A. Bomberger, D.D. Emanuel Longacre Wm. L. Graver N. Pennypacker OFFICERS OF THE BOARD A. Kline, pres, W. Kratz, Esq., secretary, and assistant treasurer John C. Wanner, treasurer Hon. Horace Royer, auditor FACULTY : Rev. J.A. Bomberger, D.D., president and professor of mental and moral philosophy, evidences of Christianity, Biblical studies, etc. Rev H. W. Super, A.M., vice president and professor of mathematics, mechanics, the harmony of sciences and revealed religion. J. Shelley Weinberger, A.M., adjunct professor of the Latin and Greek languages and literature. Rev John Von Haagen, A.M., professor of the German language literature of history, the history and philosophy of language, etc., professor of belles- lettres and political economy. J. Warren Sunderland, A.M., LL.D., professor of chemistry geology botany, etc. 409 J. Warren Royer, A.M., M.D., lectures on physiology and anatomy. Additional Teachers: William H. Snyder, instructor in the academic department. J. Warren Custer, teacher of instrumental music, piano and organ. H. W. Kratz, Esq., teacher of vocal music. DIRECTOR AND OFFICERS 1884 DIRECTORS H. W. Kratz, Esq. A. Kline J. W, Sunderland, LL.D Rev. H. H. W. Hibschman, D.D. Rev. George Wolff, D.D. Rev. D. E. Klopp, D.D. Rev. F. W. Kremer, D.D. Rev. Aaron Spangler H. M. Stauffer Davis Kimes Emanuel Longacre Frank M. Hobson Hon. Lewis Royer, M.D. Rev. J. H. A. Bomberger, D.D. Robert Patterson Hon. Hiram C. Hoover Rev. D. Van Horn, D.D Rev. D. W. Ebbert, A.M. J. A. Strassburger, Esq., A.M. James Brownback Henry J. Meyers. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD H. W. Kratz, Esq., president and auditor. Frank M. Hobson, secretary and treasurer. Executive Committee Dr. Bomberger Emmanuel Longacre Hon. Lewis Royer Hon. Hiram C. Hoover F. M. Hobson (ex-officio) H. W. Kratz, (ex-officio) Visiting Committee Rev. W. A. Helfrich, D.D. Rev. F. W. Kremer, D.D. Rev. D. Van Horn, D.D. Rev. I. S. Weisz, D.D. Rev. Eli Keller, A.M. Rev. J. H. Sechler, A.M. Rev. James I. Good, A.M. Rev. S. P. Mauger, A.M. Rev. D. W. Ebbert, A.M. Committee on Organization Dr. Sunderland Rev D. E. Klopp, D.D. Rev D. Van Horn, D.D. Committee on Property H. W. Kratz F. M. Hobson Robert Patterson Davis Kimes Hon. Lewis Royer Committee on Finance Dr. Wolf Dr. Bomberger Dr. Kremer Rev. A. Spangler J. A. Strassburger, Esq. FACULTY, 1884. Rev. J H. A. Bomberger, D.D., president, and professor of ethics and intellectual science. Rev. Henry W. Super, D.D., vice-president, and professor of astronomy, physics, and the harmony of science and revealed religion. J. Shelly Weinberger, A.M. professor of Latin and Greek and classical literature. Rev. John Van Haagen A.M., professor of the German language and literature, Hebrew and history. Samuel Vernon Ruby, Esq., professor of English literature and belles-lettres. ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT, 1884. Rev. J. H. A. Bomberger, D.D. president Alcide Reichenbach, A.M., principal, and instructor in the science and art of teaching B. Frank Davis, A.B., instructor in languages A. Lincoln Landis, B.S., instructor in mathematics and bookkeeping James W. Mcminger, A.B., teacher. THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, 1884. Faculty: Rev J. H. A. Bomberger, D.D., professor of systematic and practical theology, symbolics, and exergis; Rev. Henry W. Super, D.D., professor of church history, apologetics, Biblical literature and homiletics; Rev. John Van Haagen, A.M., professor of the Hebrew language and literature. SCHOLASTIC REGULATIONS. -In the college, each class has at least three exercises daily in the branches of prescribed in the course. In the academic and collegiate departments, all accurate record is kept of the scholarship and department of each student. Examinations of the several classes are held at the close of each term, to ascertain the measure of progress of each student and determine the student's claims of advancement to a higher class. Biblical instructions are statedly given its part of the regular course of study. Every student is required to take part in these Biblical studies. As indicated in the course of study, particular attention is given to proficiency in the chief parts of in English education, orthography, reading, composition and rhetoric. A thorough course in German is also provided. Young men from a distance board and room in the collegiate buildings, and young women are furnished with boarding in private families, all under the direct supervision of the faculty. Exceptions to this rule are made in the case of pupils or students residing in the vicinity of the College, and in other cases, at the discretion of the faculty. All such students, however, are subject to the general discipline of the institution. The discipline of the institution is Christian and parental, No special injunctions or prohibitions need be detailed. The students are treated courteously, and are expected to conduct themselves accordingly. Every proper liberty is allowed, and no arbitrary or oppressive restraints are imposed. Violations of decorum and good order, however, incur prompt and decisive penalties. The honor of the institution and the peace and comfort of those connected with it cannot be disregarded with impunity. DEGREEES. -The degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred upon matriculated students who have completed the full course of instruction in the college. The degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred upon students who have completed the three-year scientific course. The degree of Master of Arts is conferred upon graduates who have engaged in literary or scientific pursuits at least three years after graduation, and who, meanwhile, have sustained a good moral character. For like reasons the degree of Master of Science is conferred upon graduates in the scientific course. The degree of Bachelor of Divinity is conferred upon all collegiate graduates who have taken a full course in the theological department. A graduate who is entitled to and desires the degree of Master of Arts, or Master of Science, or Bachelor of Divinity must take application for the same in writing to the secretary of the board of director. No diploma will be issued until the requisite fee of five dollars shall have been paid into the treasury. RELIGION In proper harmony with the principles Evangelical Christianity, upon; which this institution is founded, the faculty regard it its their highest duty to give faithful attention to the religious interests of the students under their care, and to labor for 410 their spiritual welfare. This is done in no sectarian spirit, but in full accordance with an enlarged charity which recognizes the claims of all branches of the Evangelical Protestant Church. The scholastic duties of each day are opened with suitable devotions, which every student is required to attend. The Students are also required to attend worship on the Lord's day, either in the chapel of the college or in some adjacent church. Whilst the college is not under any formal ecclesiastical or synodical control, it has the approval of the General Synod of the Reformed Church in the United States, and those also of the Eastern District Synod of the Church, by the following resolution : "Resolved, That this Synod has learned with pleasure that Ursinus College is successfully prosecuting its educational work, and commends it to the favorable consideration of the Church." LITERARY SOCIETIES. -For the mutual improvement of the students three literary societies exist, and are maintained with commendable zeal, -the Zwinglian, the Schaff and the Goethean (German). The first two have good libraries for general reading. LIBRARIES. -The library of the college is yet in its incipiency, but the private libraries of the faculty are always accessible for reference, thus making the whole number of volumes available for use about one thousand. ALUMNI COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT. First Class, 1873 Roy. F. F. Bahner, A.M., Waynsboro, Pa. Rev. Prof. J. A. Foil, A.M., Newtown, N. C. Rev. J. H. Hunsberger, A.M., Finlay, Ohio Rev. M. T. Spengler, A.M., Landisburg, Pa. J. A. Shansberger, Esq., A.M., Norristown, Pa. Second Class, 1874 Roy. A. E. Dahlman, A.B.. Lancaster, Pa. Rev. M. H. Groh, A.B., New Lisbon, Ohio Rev. J. G. Neff, A.B., Shenandoah, Pa. Rev. Moses Peters, A.B., Altamont, Ill. Prof. A. M. Tice, A.M., Collegeville, Pa. Third Class, 1875 Rev. D. W. Ebbert, A.M., Spring City, Pa. Rev. L. G. Kremer, A.B., Hagerstown, Md. H. H. Piggott, Esq., A.B., Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. D. U. Wolf, A.M., New Oxford, Pa. Rev. E. G. Williams, A.B., Red Lion, Pa. Fourth Class, 1876 Rev. J. F. Butler, A.B., Shelbyville, Ill. F. G. Hobson, A.M., Norristown, Pa. John Keyser, A.B., Monterey, Pa. J. M. Leisse, A.B., Robesonia, Pa. Rev. A. B. Markley, A.B., Millersville, Pa Rev. G. A. Sheer, A.B. Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. G. S. Sorber, A.B., Vincent Pa. Rev. H. J. Welker, A.B., Coopersburg, Pa. Rev. F. C. Yost, A.B., Someset, Ohio. Fifth Class, 1877 Rev. H. Bomberger A.M., Columbiana, Ohio Rev. E. R. Cassaday, A.M., Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. S. M. Hench, A.B., Walkersville, Md. Rev. J. W. Mabry, A.M., Cherryville, Pa. Rev. P. Y. Shelly, A.B., Hamburg, Pa. E. F. Slough, Esq., A.B., Norristown, Pa. Sixth Class, 1878 Rev. J. J. Fisher, A.B., Tamaqua, Pa S. L. Hertzog, B.S., Darrtown, Pa M. M. Lenhart, A.B., Hamburg, Pa. H. A. Mathieu, Esq., A.B., Philadelphia, Pa. L. C. Royer, A.B., Robertsdale, Pa. Seventh Class, 1879 F. S. Dietrich, A.B., Albany, Pa. A. F. Krout, A.B., Stone Church, Pa. W. H. S. Lecron, A.B., Waynesboro, Pa. D. B. Markley, A.B., Collegeville, Pa. J. B. Umberger, A.B., Auburn, N.Y. Rev. W. H. Slouffer, B.S., Bath, Pa. Rev. F. G. Shauffer, B.S., Pleasant Valley, Pa. Eighth Class . R. J. Baney, B S., Meyerstown, Pa J. P. Beaver, A.B., Auburn, N. Y. J. F. Decker, A.B., Catasauqua, Pa. L. D. Bechtell, A.B., Reading, Pa. L. H. Guth, A.B., Guth's Station, Pa. A. S. Keiser, A.B., Lyons, Pa. Ninth Class, 1881 G. W. Stibitz, A.B., Herbs[?], Pa. E. S. Snively, B.S., Shady Grove, Pa. Tenth Class 1882 Augutus W. Bomberger, A.B., Collegeville, Pa. Frank A. Guth, A.B., Guth Station, Pa. Isa W. Kline, A.B., Meyerstown, Pa. Louis E. Taubel, A.B., Philadelphia, Pa. Eleventh Class 1883 Marvin Custer, A.B., Fairview village, Pa. Frank B. Davis, A.B., Pickering, Pa. H. F. Keller, A.B., Zionsville, Pa. Lincoln A. Landis, B.S., Groter's Ford, Pa. A. Bond Warner, B.S., Minersville, Pa. George W. Wolfemberger, B.S., Campbellstown, Pa. Twelfth Class 1884 Henry A. Bomberger, A.B., Collegeville, Pa. David L. Fogelman, A.B., Womelsdorf, Pa. Bertha Hendricks, B.S., Collegeville, Pa. Howard A. Hunsicker, B.S., Collegeville, Pa. John A. Keiper, A.B., Elizabethville, Pa. James W. Meminger, A.B., Ickesburg, Pa. John Y. Stauffer, A.B., Guth's Station, Pa. Phaon W. Snyder, A.B., Sagersville, Pa. Minerva Weinberger, A.B., Collegeville, Pa . Joseph F. Saylor, A.B., Limerick, Pa. REV. J. H. A. BOMBERGER D.D. -Rev Dr. J. H. A. Bomberger, president of Ursinus College, Collegeville, Montgomery Co., Pa. and a very prominent minister of the Reformed Church in the United States, was born in Lancaster, Pa., on the 11th of January 1817. His mother was a daughter of Rev. John H. Hoffmeier, for nearly thirty years pastor of the Reformed Church in Lancaster. His ancestors on both sides were of German origin, and in their ecclesiastical relations, as far back as is known, connected with the Reformed Church. After receiving an elementary training, he was entered in the Lancaster Academy about 1827. On the 2d of January, 1832, he repaired to the High School of the Reformed Church at York, Pa., under the management of Rev. Dr. F. A. Rauch as principal, who was the first real teacher whose tuition he enjoyed. According to the prescribed course of academical study he had in due time prepared enough Latin, Greek and mathematics to admit him into the sophomore class at college. But the High School had no such division in its curriculum, and in accommodation to existing arrangements, his studies were otherwise continued, for two years. He was then admitted to the Theological Seminary, also located at York, in which Dr. Mayer was professor of theology. But in the fall of 1835, the High School being transferred to Mercersburg and raised to a college, he was induced to take a full college course, meanwhile suspending theological studies. He graduated in 1837, and afterwards spent a year in completing the theological courses, under such aid and direction as Dr. Rauch, president of the college, could furnish him, the Theological Seminary not yet having been removed from York. During the last two years of his course he was employed as tutor in the preparatory department of the college. In October, 1838, the Synod of Lancaster licensed him to preach the gospel; and in the latter part of November, in compliance with a call he settled in Lewistown, on the Juniata. Here he was ordained on the 27th of December 1838. For the Reformed Church this was a difficult and discouraging mission, so that he remained but twenty months. He preached three or four times every Sunday in English and in German. His salary at Lewisburg was Two hundred and twenty-five dollars. To aid in his support he obtained the academy (classical school) of the place which had run down to three pupils, and only by special efforts was raised to ten, thus adding two 411 hundred dollars to his income and five days and a half a week teaching to his other work. In July, 1840, he accepted a call from the Waynesboro' charge, in Franklin County, consisting of four organized congregations, -Waynesboro' and Salem in Pennsylvania, and Cavetown and Leitersburg in Maryland. Here he remained until April 1845, when he accepted a call as English pastor of the Easton congregation, as successor to Rev. B. C. Wolff, D.D., at this place he was associated with Rev. Thomas Pomp, who was German pastor. PICTURE OF J.H.A. BOMBERGER, APPEARS HERE. In August 1852, the First Reformed Church, Race Street, below Fourth, Philadelphia, extended him a call. The consistory of the Easton Church having unanimously opposed it, the invitation was declined. Two years later the call to Philadelphia at was renewed, and under special pressure accepted. The Race Street Church was reduced to about one hundred communicants, and much discouraged. But against many difficulties the congregation quietly and gradually grew. A second flock (Church of the Apostles) had been organized shortly before his settlement, and though by great effort it was kept alive for three or four years, this enterprise was unable to maintain itself. In 1860 Christ Church, Green Street, near Sixteenth, was founded. Race Street was scarcely strong enough to justify sending off a branch, but the wants of the church in the then northwestern part of the city demanded it. About three years later another interest was started, also under the auspices of the Race Street Church, in the vicinity of Fourth Street and Girard Avenue, which afterward grew Into Trinity Reformed Church, now at Seventh and Oxford Streets. Still another enterprise was commenced, now the Church of the Strangers, in West Philadelphia. In the light of these facts the ministerial work of Dr. Bomberger in Philadelphia must be regarded as having been in a high degree successful. Through his varied experience and natural endowments Dr. Bomberger has accomplished in his Ministerial services an amount of work which few men would have undertaken, and which fewer still could have carried to a successful issue. As a pulpit orator 412 he possesses great power and has acquired to perfection the art, or inherited the gift, of enchaining the attention of an audience. Of a graceful form and dignified bearing, with a voice full, round and modulated, and with a diction at once pure and elegant, he wields all the advantages of a ready and fluent extempore speaker. His style tends to the diffuse, his manner is somewhat impassioned, and his imagery brilliant and captivating, -essential qualities in a public speaker. Possessing these advantages, it is quite natural that he should be unusually successful in the active duties of the ministry, and enjoy it reputation far beyond the limits of his own denomination. In addition to his pastoral work, Dr. Bomberger occupies a prominent position as a writer on theological topics, and as a defender of the historical faith of the Reformed Church. About the year 1852 Marshall College conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity upon him. His first literary attempt of note was a series of articles in the Mercersburg Review, 1853, on "Dr. Nevin and His Antagonists." Since the above date he has attained honorable distinction as a controversialist, and, in addition to occasional published sermons and addresses, has performed literary work as follows: In 1857 appeared his "Five Years in Race Street," with a full, general and statistical appendix relating to the origin and condition of the Reformed Church. In 1860 he edited and in large part retranslated "Kurtz's Hand-Book of Church History," now extensively used as a textbook in the theological seminaries of many denominations. "Infant Baptism and Salvation" appeared in 1861. In this year also Dr. Bomberger began to edit a translation of "Herzog's Encyclopedia," himself preparing one-half the translations, and carried it through nearly six volumes of the original. But the German translation having far exceeded the limits proposed for it, the publishers were not prepared to complete the work, and it was suspended. In 1866 appeared the "Revised Liturgy" a history and criticism of the ritualistic movement in the Reformed Church. "Reformed not Ritualistic," a reply to Dr. Nevin's "Vindication," was published in 1867, and by its vigorous and well-nigh exhaustive treatment of the subject at once designated its author as a natural champion of the Reformed in its historical sense. In 1868 the "Reformed Church Monthly," a popular religious and theological Journal, was founded and continued for nine years, during which Dr. Bomberger served as editor and furnished more than three-fourths of the articles. As early as the Synod of Norristown in 1849, Dr. Bomberger was appointed one of a committee intrusted with the task of preparing a Reformed Liturgy on the basis of the various liturgies of the Reformed Churches, and especially of the old Palatinate Liturgy used by the early ministers of the, Reformed Church in this country. It was not long, however, until a majority of the committee were of the opinion that the old Reformed Liturgy would not admit of such modifications as the wants of the time demanded. The committee nevertheless recommended a translation of the Palatinate Liturgy as the best result attainable. But the Synod refused to enter upon this plan, and instructed the, committee to proceed with the preparation of a liturgy. The Synod of Baltimore in 1852 provided that the work should proceed on the basis of the liturgical worship of the primitive church, while special reference should be made to the Palatinate and other Reformed Liturgies of the sixteenth century. In 1857 a "Provisional Liturgy" submitted by the members of the committee was allowed, but received no formal sanction. It was at once seen that there were in it two different systems of worship, the one containing a set of forms in the old Reformed style, and the other an altar liturgy, with responses and elements of a ritualistic character. The diverse liturgical systems of the "Provisional Liturgy" having frustrated its purpose and the desire for a liturgy cast in one mould having increased, the Synod of Easton resolved upon a revision. The former committee was intrusted with the work. Upon its reassembling, a prolonged controversy regarding the principles of revision having arisen, Dr. Bomberger stoutly defended Reformed customs and traditions. The question was referred for decision to the Synod of Chambersburg the following year, Dr. J. W. Nevin preparing the majority report and Dr. Bomberger that of the minority. The Synod continued the committee, and the majority, no longer respecting the earlier rules of the Synod, pursued their work in accordance with their own liturgical views, and finally submitted the whole work to the Synod of York in October, 1866, and a few weeks later to the General Synod of Dayton. The latter body, by a small majority, allowed the use of this "Revised Liturgy," but did not indorse it. In Dr. Bomberger's tract, "The Revised Liturgy," the seriousness of the situation is delineated. He proposed, as a remedy, to modify the Provisional Liturgy; but all phrases of doubtful import or contrary to pure doctrine should be changed. Notwithstanding these just and temperate propositions, the extreme liturgical parties were in no mood to grant any concessions. Dr. Nevin, in his, tract, "Vindication of Revised Liturgy," violently assailed the position of Dr. Bomberger, and sought to fasten the stigma of schistmatics upon the adherents of the Reformed doctrine in its purity. This called forth Dr. Bomberger's "Reformed not Ritualistic," in which the whole matter in dispute was succinctly stated and an elaborate defense of Reformed doctrine and custom presented. For the calm and dignified manner in which the nature and extent of the innovations were discussed, and for the wealth of historical manner and doctrinal matter brought to light, Dr. Bomberger merits the lasting gratitude of the Reformed Church. From this time forward he applied himself with additional 413 zeal to the defense of what he regarded Reformed usage and doctrine. The "Reformed Church Monthly," with Dr. Bomberger as editor and principal writer, was established in January, 1868, and was supported as the theological exponent of the evangelical wing of the church. This periodical rendered incalculable service to the Reformed Church by its exposure of the aim and tendency of the new theology. Early in 1869, Dr. Bomberger was called to the presidency of Ursinus College, located at Collegeville, Montgomery Co., an institution founded by members and friends of the Reformed Church. At this institution, which imparts instruction on the basis of Christianity and with chief regard to religious ends, he has found ample opportunity for a wide field of usefulness and for making his influence as a scholar and educator widely and permanently felt. Believing that the higher branches of education in particular should be pursued in full harmony with evangelical Protestant principles, he has been heartily supported by the friends of education in general and by the evangelical or anti-ritualistic (sometimes inaccurately called Low Church) portion of the Reformed Church. Under his presidency of Ursinus College, including a theological department, not a few young men have come under his educational influence, while a number of these have entered the ministry. In addition to his duties as president and professor of ethics and intellectual science and theology, he served as pastor of St. Luke's Reformed Church, at Trappe, Montgomery Co., until October 1883. At the General Synod of Lancaster, in 1878, a "Peace Movement" was inaugurated, which has brought the liturgical controversy in the Reformed Church to a close. A new "Directory of Worship" is in process of adoption, which omits the objectionable features, and Dr. Bomberger has suspended his public opposition to the advocacy of so-called improved doctrines, which is still carried on in different periodicals by some ministers of his church. During the summer of 1884 he made a brief tour through Great Britain, France, Switzerland and Germany, paying special attention to the historical places of the Reformed Church. He took a conspicuous part in the debates of the Alliance of Reformed Churches holding the Presbyterian System, at its sessions in Belfast, Ireland, in the month of June. Since returning he has delivered, with great acceptance, in different parts of the State, a number of lectures and sermons, based on his observations abroad. Dr. Bomberger has been twice married. By his first wife, Marion E. Huston, of Mercersburg, he has four daughters and one son; by his second, Julia Aymar Wight, of Philadelphia, three sons. REV. HENRY W. SUPER, D.D., vice-president of Ursinus College, was born in Baltimore, Md. December 31, 1824. He was the son of John Super, for many years a resident of that city, who fought in the battle of North Point, September 12, 1814, when Baltimore was assailed by the British under General Ross. The chief brunt of that battle fell upon the twenty-seventh Regiment, to which he belonged. By the loss of his father at an early age the subject of this sketch was left without the parental help so necessary at that period of life, and with very limited education was placed in the counting-house of C. W. Karthaus, a prominent shipping firm of the city, succeeding that of Peter A. Karthaus, a wealthy firm dating back to the Revolution, but ruined by the devastation caused by the Berlin and Milan Decrees of Napoleon. The "French spoliation claims" of that firm have lingered from that period to the present, and though many efforts have been made to get bills through Congress to pay them, not until the present year (1885) has a bill received the sanction of both Houses of Congress. The experience of four years in the counting-house, though of great benefit in teaching method and business habits, could not quell the longing for higher education and a professional life. Having connected himself with the First Reformed Church fit Baltimore in 1840, here solved to devote him to the Christian ministry. Without help, other than that saved from his clerkship, he started for college, and managed to take a full course, aided in part by teaching during vacations. Entering Marshall College, Pennsylvania, in 1844, he continued his studies without interruption until his graduation, in 1849. He then entered the Theological Seminary. During the following year lie proceeded South, traveling through several Southern States, and finally locating in Memphis, Tenn., where he established a classical academy, the only one at that time in the town, and probably the first established in that city. Intent upon entering the ministry, he returned north, but on the way paid a visit to Tiffin, Ohio. Here he was urged at once to locate in the West, and with this in view attended a meeting of the Maumee Classis, covering territory now occupied by the Tiffin Classis. A committee examined him, consisting of Revs. J. H. Good, Hiram Shaull and Reuben Good, at the house of Elder Heilman, on Honey Creek. The examination proving satisfactory, the license was granted. The services connected with the granting of this license were held in Mt. Pisgah Church, Seneca County, 0hio, on Sunday, April 27, 1851. Without waiting for a call in the West, he returned to Mercersburg, Pa., and completed his theological course. He soon received a call to Waynesboro'. His introductory sermon was preached in that charge on Sunday, November 23, 1851. Received very kindly, by this people, he remained with them about ten years, interrupted, however, for a time by illness in 1854, when be resigned the charge, but was again recalled on the restoration of his health in the following year. This charge was on the border-line of 414 Maryland, and during the war was exposed to raids and other military movements, which caused great anxiety and disquietude. Receiving a call to the English Reformed congregation of Greensburg, Pa., he removed to that place in April 1862, and remained until April 1865. Finding that the work of the ministry was detrimental to his health, he now resolved to devote himself to the work of education. Receiving an offer from the Keystone State Normal School to become the professor of mathematics in that institution, he accepted it, and began his duties in that position in April, 1867, remaining there until be received a call to Ursinus College in 1870. PICTURE OF H. W. SUPER, APPEARS HERE. Freeland Seminary had been a high school of many years' standing, sending from its walls many business and professional men. To increase its usefulness and elevate its standard of education it was resolved to apply for a charter granting the full privileges of a college. This was granted in 1869, and the institution was opened in its new form in September, 1870. The services of Professor Super were secured for the chair of mathematics and natural philosophy. Subsequently the theological department was opened, and in this he occupied the position of professor of church history. About the same time he received the degree of D.D. from Heidelberg College, Tiffin, Ohio. In addition to pulpit efforts, Dr. Super has contributed articles and essays to reviews, magazines and papers. Some of his addresses to the students of Ursinus College have also been deemed worthy of publication, and at their request have appeared in pamphlet form. In April, 1878, Dr. Super was married to Mrs. Sarah H. Detwiler, daughter of the late Francis Hobson, of Limerick Township, and sister of Frank M. Hobson, of Collegeville. J. SHELLY WEINBERGER, A.M. -A few miles northwest of Quakertown, in the township of Milford and the county of Bucks, stand three Mennonite meeting- houses within a radius of less than a mile, and no others within a range of several miles. The country is a fine open level, and is still known as the "Swamp." Fifty years ago the citizens of the place almost exclusively held the religious faith of the Mennonites, and on the Presidential election cast their ballots for the Whig candidate. The school-house was attached to the meetinghouse, and the most advanced in scholarship was generally called on to become the schoolmaster. The true genius of the Penn- 415 sylvania Germans was well displayed in this locality. The inhabitants were farmers, with the exception of a few mechanics and storekeepers, and were early noted for sobriety, industry, nonresistance and shunning of debt. Not to pay one's debts was considered a marked disgrace, and to sue, unrighteous. The dictates of conscience were regarded far more binding than statute law. Their overcautious habits, however, prevented them from taking the initiative in any new enterprise, and the fact that a thing was new was thought sufficient ground for its rejection. Hence their slow progress in their early history. Amidst surroundings and associations of this kind lived the Weinberger family in humble style, having the Bible, hymnbook, prayer book and a few printed sermons for a library. Joseph Weinberger's grandparents immigrated from the borders of the Rhine, in Germany, to this country. He was married to Mary Shelly, and to them was born four daughters and one son, John Shelly Weinberger, named after his maternal grandfather, John Shelly. Joseph Weinberger could read and write German, was esteemed for his correct habits and resoluteness, and died in the eighty-first year of his age, while his mother had become almost a centenarian. The first remembrance that the son has of home training is the wholesome chastisement given him by his mother, who, in her old age, has as distinct a recollection of it as he has. Young Weinberger was educated in the common schools as they were conducted forty-five years ago. PICTURE OF J. SHELLY WEINBERGER, APPEARS HERE. When seventeen years of age he joined the church of his parents. In addition to subscribing to the creed he promised to obey the regulations of the church and to preach if the lot would fall on him. Bishop John H. Oberholtzer was the district school-teacher. His increasing parish labors divided his time unfavorably for discharging the duties of either office. When young Weinberger was nineteen years of age the bishop asked him to succeed him as teacher. The local director proposed to make it easy by requiring but a partial examination and allowing the novice to attend a term at boarding-school before the district school would commence. Meanwhile his brother-in-law, Rev. Henry A. Hunsicker, principal of Freeland Seminary, was paying the family a social visit, and was urging the young man by all means to accept the proposition. That was the turning-point of his future career. The attendance of one term at a seminary gave no little weight to the young teacher's standing in the estimation of the community, and he 416 succeeded far above his own expectations, especially in discipline. Having completed the winter session, he drew his pay and went to Freeland Seminary for two terms during the summer, the directors not requiring him to come home to attend examination, as he had given satisfaction the previous winter. When twenty-one years of age he resolved to take a collegiate course and make teaching his profession. The resolution was strong, but the funds were wanting. Rev. Daniel Weiser offered to provide the means if young Weinberger would become a Reformed clergyman. His brother-in-law proposed to loan him all the money to insure an independent course. After the father became fully acquainted with the strong resolution of his son he resolved to furnish half the sum required and takes notes for the other half. The way now was clear, and he concluded to prepare for Yale College, where his classical teachers, Wayne MacVeagh and William L. Williamson, had lately graduated. Two years' studying, besides teaching and acting as prefect in Freeland Seminary for board, amidst many discouragement, regrets and mortifications, was regarded sufficient preparation for entering an Eastern college. In the second week of September, 1855, John Hunter Worrall, a senior, Joseph Alonzo Chistman, a junior, Henry Royer, a sophomore, and J. Shelly Weinberger, an applicant for admission, all of Montgomery County, started for Yale College. In the evening they found lodging at the Florence Hotel, in the great metropolis, and on the following noon arrived at the "City of Elms." Weinberger became Mr. Worrall's protege in all the preliminary arrangements for appearing to the best advantage in Alumni Hall for examination. The applicant became a member of the freshman class of '59, numbering one hundred and fifty-three. He spent four profitable years at college, towards the close changed places with some whose, early training had been far more favorable, and at the age of twenty-seven graduated with respectable honors. On the Monday following the commencement of his alma mater he took his place in Freeland Seminary as teacher of ancient and modern languages. He saved all of his salary he could for two years to pay his notes, when he considered himself financially free, and had but a meagre balance to his credit. He entered into a new covenant by marrying a young lady of fine intellectual endowments and good taste, Miss Emma Kratz, daughter of Jacob S. Kratz, of Plumstead, Bucks Co. In 1863 be purchased a small farm, stock and all, moved on the farm and managed it successfully without interfering with his teaching. After having taught for Mr. Hunsicker for six years, the school was leased for five years to Mr. Adam H. Fetterolf, now Dr. Fetterolf, president of Girard College. The services of Mr. Weinberger had previously been secured, and he became Mr. Fetterolf's right-hand man in governing unruly boys and teaching refractory classes. Before Mr. Fetterolf's lease had expired Freeland Seminary was sold to the board of directors of Ursinus College. The constitution of the college provides that one-fourth of the board may consist of members not belonging to the Reformed Church. In the election of the faculty it was considered wise by the board to make J. Shelly Weinberger member, to represent the old element in the school, a stroke of policy for which there has been no cause for regret. He saved for the college one-half of the students of Freeland Seminary, some of whom subsequently graduated. He has rendered valuable aid to the Reformed brethren in their efforts to put the college on a firm basis and in their endeavors to establish a good system of discipline. Professor Weinberger for some years studied the coeducation of the sexes in colleges by reading all the books treating on the subject at his command, pro and con. Besides his own theory, the experience at Oberlin College for fifty years, as well as those of other colleges which have opened for ladies at a more recent period, has satisfied him that it is the natural and normal way to educate, as mind knows no sex. Being acquainted with the difficulties which have to be overcome to introduce the system and make it effective at Ursinus, he proposed what he thought might prove an entering wedge to it. He made a request that his daughter should be allowed to enter the college classes, proposing to pay for her tuition the same as if she were a son. The school had just commenced its session, and immediate action on the request was painful and every intimation unfavorable. After a consideration of one week the request was granted, with the understanding that no others are allowed to enter should they apply. Everything went on as before, and at the end of the scholastic year Dr. Super, the vice-president, and Professor Weinberger were appointed a committee to present an overture to the board of directors for admitting young ladies as day pupils into the institution. The board reported favorably, and the president of the faculty, in his next annual report, stated that the "experiment of admitting young ladies had proved the wisdom of the measure." The quarter-centennial of the office of teacher in the different halls, on the same grounds, through three successive administrations, was celebrated on the 26th of June, 1884, by the graduation of his only child, Minerva, who was the valedictorian in a class of nine, and the first lady graduate in the classical department of Ursinus College. The professor is senior elder in Trinity Christian Church, which is orthodox in faith, congregational in polity and independent in its organization (Rev. Joseph H. Hendricks, A.M., pastor). He officiates in the pastor's absence, is radical and orthodox in his views, yet liberal. He has had different offers since graduation to become principal or president of higher institutions, all of which he declined, pre- 417 ferring a less responsible position, as increasing responsibility weighs heavily on him. He teaches from nine to twelve o'clock in the forenoon, and the afternoon lie devotes to his private business. He is now fifty-three years of age, and lives in a modest home fronting on the beautiful Perkiomen. HAVERFORD COLLEGE. -This celebrated and prosperous institution holds in estate of about two hundred and twenty acres in the northern part of Haverford Township Delaware Co and in Lower Merion Township Montgomery Co. It was founded in the year 1832 by prominent members of the Society of Friends in the Middle States, the larger number being residents of Philadelphia and its vicinity. The purpose of its founders was to provide a place for the instruction of their sons in the higher learning, and for moral training, which should be free from the temptations prevalent at many of the larger colleges. A tract consisting at first of forty acres, but gradually enlarged until it now contains upwards of seventy, was set off by an experienced English landscape gardener and planted with a large variety of trees, to constitute the academic grove in which the college buildings should stand. This park is now the most beautiful which any American college can boast, and the exquisite undulations of its surface, its stately trees, its winding walks, and its green and well kept turf attract many admiring visitors. The "Founders' Hall," as it is now called, a large and well constructed building, was finished in 1833, and in the autumn of that year "Haverford School" was opened. This modest title, corresponding with the unostentatious spirit of its founders, was borne for upwards of twenty years, although a full collegiate course of study was pursued from the beginning. Early in 1856, however, the institution was incorporated as a college, with the right of conferring academic degrees. Barclay Hall, built in 1876, a strikingly beautiful building of Port Deposit granite, furnishes studies, and bedrooms for eighty student. Others were accommodated in Founders' Hall. There are astronomical observatories one built in 1852, the other in 1884. These contain a refracting equatorial telescope of ten inches aperture, by Clark; a refracting equatorial telescope of eight and one-fourth inches aperture, by Fitz; an alt-azimuth reflecting telescope of eight and one-fourth inches aperture; a fixed transit instrument of four inches aperture, with circles twenty-six inches in diameter: a zenith instrument of one and three-fourths inches aperture, with micrometer and circles; a chronograph, connected by electricity with all the instruments, which records the exact time of observations to the tenth of a second; two sidereal clocks; a filar micrometer; a spectroscope made by Grubb, with a train of ten prisms; a polarizing eye-piece for solar work; a sextant, and a valuable library of astronomical literature. The students have free access to the observatory, and enjoy such advantages for observatory practice as are seldom offered. The director of the observatory, Professor Sharpless, is it man of great knowledge and wide fame. A tasteful and well proportioned building, erected in 1863-64, contains the library and Alumni Hall, the latter being used for lectures, society meetings, and the public exercises of the college. Here some fifteen thousand volumes are always ready for the use of the students, selected with great care in all departments of knowledge. A large number of the best European and American periodicals are taken in. The library is regarded as inferior in importance and usefulness to no other department of the college. A carpenter shop was built soon after the opening of the school, as a place where the boys might find profitable exercise and amusement in the use of tools. This was fitted up in 1884 for the use of the department of mechanical engineering, and contains a forge, steam-engines, and a variety of machines and tools for the use of students in that department. The chemical laboratory was built in 1853 (a room in Founders' Hall having previously been used for the purpose), and has several times been enlarged and improved. It is now very commodious, amply furnished and under very skillful management. Under it is a beautiful gymnasium, which is supplied with the apparatus of Dr. Sargent, the director of the Harvard gymnasium. Exercise here is required of the students, under the direction of an experienced physician. In Founders' Hall there is a museum of natural history and a physical laboratory. This hall contains also the recital rooms and the dining hall. Among the most distinguished officers and instructors of the school and college have been Daniel B. Smith, John Gummere, Joseph Thomas, Samuel J. Gummere, Henry D. Gregory, Paul Swift, Hugh D. Vail, Joseph Harlan, George Stuart, Moses C. Stevens, Clement L. Smith, Albert Leeds, Henry Hartshorne, Edward D. Cope and John H. Dillingham. The officers in 1884 are as follows: President, Thomas Chase, a graduate of Harvard University, who received in 1878 the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Harvard, and in 1880 that of Doctor of Literature from Haverford. He was a member of the American Company of revisers of the English translation of the New Testament, and is the editor of a series of classical textbooks, which are very widely used. Dean, Isaac Sharpless, a graduate of Harvard in the scientific school, and honored with the degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Pennsylvania in 1883. Professor Sharpless is a man of wide scientific distinction, and is the author of excellent textbooks in geometry, astronomy and physics. Pliny Earle Chase, LL.D., also a graduate of Harvard, is the professor of philosophy and logic. He holds very high rank among living thinkers and men of science, 418 and his philosophical and scientific papers have been widely published, both in this country and in Europe. Allen C. Thomas, a graduate and Master of Arts of Haverford, is the accomplished and learned professor of history, political economy and rhetoric. Lyman B. Hall, a graduate of Amherst, anti Ph D. of the University of Gottingen, is professor of chemistry and physics, and a thorough master of these sciences. Edwin Davenport, A.B. and A.M., of Harvard, a brilliant and distinguished scholar, is professor of Latin and Greek. Henry Carvill Lewis, graduate and Master of Arts of the University of Pennsylvania, one of the foremost men of science in America, is the professor of geology. The other instructors are men of distinction and promise. Thomas Newlin, of the University of Michigan, professor of zoology and botany, and curator of the, museum. James Beatty, Jr., a graduate of the Stevens Institute, professor of engineering branches, Walter M. Ford, M.D., instructor in physical training, William Earl Morgan, a graduate and Master of Arts of Penn College, assistant astronomical observer, and William F. Wickersham, assistant librarian. The following regular courses of study are pursued at the college: I. A course in classics, mathematics, general literature, modern language. and science, for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. II. A course in general science and literature and modern languages, for the degree of Bachelor of Science. III. A more specialized course in practical science and engineering, together with modern languages, for the degree of Bachelor of Science or for special degrees. The requisites for admission are substantially the same as at other first-class colleges. The college claims, in its published circulars, special advantages for its students. These are, "First, good moral and religious influences. Endeavors are made to imbue the minds and hearts of the students with the fundamental truths of the Christian religion, and to train them by the inculcation of pure morals and the restraints of a judicious discipline. No student is admitted without a certificate of character from his last instructor, and none believed to be of low moral character are retained. Second, thorough scholarship. The teaching is of high quality; the classes are small enough to allow regular performance of work and the opportunity for individual instruction. The absence of the constant distractions which attend life at many colleges, and the example and influence of the professors enables a large amount of honest work to be done, so that the standard of graduation is high. Third, the healthfulness of the student life. In the large and beautiful lawns every facility is given, right at the doors, for cricket, baseball, football, tennis, archery and other field games. The gymnasium furnishes judicious physical training, under the care of a skillful physician. The rooms are pleasant, the table and service good and all the conditions wholesome." Haverford College, from its modest beginnings, has slowly but surely won a position among the foremost literary institutions of the country, and the counted an honor to the county and the commonwealth in which it stands. In October, 1883, it celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its opening. Six hundred of the old students assembled on its beautiful grounds, and their high character and eminence gave a striking testimonial to the merits of their alma mater. DR. THOMAS CHASE was born in Worcester, Mass., 1 June 16, 1827. His father, Anthony Chase, was one of the most prominent citizens of that place, and his mother was the daughter of Pliny Earle, of Lancaster, a distinguished inventor and manufacturer. He was graduated in 1848 at Harvard University, where he distinguished himself greatly in classics, metaphysics and English composition. After holding a mastership in the Cambridge High School, he was called, in 1850, to a position in the Harvard faculty; first as Latin professor during the year of Dr. Beek's absence in Europe, and then as tutor in Latin and history. In February 1853, desiring to perfect his scholarship, he sailed for Europe, where he spent two years and a half, going attentively through England, France, Italy and Greece, Switzerland, Germany and Holland, studying antiquities, art, manners and customs, and scenery, perfecting himself in the French, German, Italian and modern Greek languages and spending a winter semester in the University, of Berlin. In this journey he became acquainted with many of the men most distinguished in Europe in literature, art, science and politics. Immediately on his return, though urged to resume his post at Cambridge, he accepted a classical professorship at, Haverford. President Walker had recommended him as "the best scholar, not only of his years, but of his time." His success was immediate and great, and be has had no small share in causing the rapid growth which Haverford College has made in the last thirty years in influence and fame. In March 1875, he accepted the presidency of the college. In 1878 Harvard University conferred upon him its highest honor, the degree of Doctor of Laws; and Haverford gave him the degree of Doctor of Literature at the end of his twenty-fifth year of service, in 1880. PICTURE OF THOMAS CHASE, APPEARS HERE. Dr. Chase was one of the American company of revisers of the English translation of the New Testament, being conspicuous in that distinguished body for his ability and learning. He has published an interesting volume on his travels in Greece, -"Hellas, her Monuments and Scenery," -contributed valuable articles to the North American Review and other periodicals, and given a number of literary addresses which have gained great commendation, both from their literary merits and from his graceful and effective delivery. He has also written an excellent Latin Grammar, and prepared editions of the first of Cicero's "Tusculan Disputations" and editions of "Virgil," "Horace," 419 "Livy," and "Juvenal", which are widely used in the best schools and colleges. Dr. Chase holds the highest rank as an educator. An enthusiastic scholar himself, an ardent lover of noble literature, and cherishing high ideals in life, lie has excited similar enthusiasm and lofty aims in his pupils. He has bestowed much thought upon systems and methods of education, and is regarded as high authority in matters of this kind. He was married, in 1860, to Alice Underhill Cromwell, of New York, a descendant of Sir Henry Cromwell, the grandfather of the Lord Protector. His wife died in January 1882, leaving a daughter and four sons. COTTAGE SEMINARY. -This academy, located on High Street, in the eastern part of the borough of Pottstown, was opened for the education of young ladies, in the year 1850, by the Rev. William R. Work, who was also pastor of the Presbyterian Church of that place. He was succeeded in the conduct of this institution by the Revs. Daniel G. Mallory, Curran and Cruikshank, and finally by Mr. George G. Butler, who also retired from the institution in 1881, since which time it has not been occupied for educational purposes. Like a number of other institutions of a similar character in the county, designed for the higher education of young ladies, its mission of usefulness has been, in some measure, supplied by the graded common schools of the borough and normal schools of the State. PENNSYLVANIA FEMALE COLLEGE (Collegeville, Pa.). -Prominent among the educators of Montgomery County are Professor J. Warrenne Sunderland, LL.D., and Luannie Sunderland, who, with the Rev. Abraham Hunsicker, organized the Montgomery Female Institute or Seminary as early as 1851. In their "announcement" they proclaimed what was then a new departure, and boldly advocated the necessity of a higher education for women in terms which, however well accepted and popular now, were deemed by many well-disposed and influential persons visionary then. These advanced educators then said, "We believe the female mind endowed with powers and capabilities quite equal to those of the other sex, and no sufficient reason can be assigned why they should not be as fully and carefully developed. In projecting this institution, therefore, we have a twofold object in view, -first, to provide, correct and thorough instruction in the ordinary branches of learning at so cheap a rate as to bring it within the reach of all; second, to afford to such young ladies as may desire to pursue a more extensive course in the sciences and liberal arts an opportunity of doing so under circumstances as favorable as those enjoyed by the other sex at our most reputable colleges." They further assured parents, guardians and the public that "any young lady completing the course of studies prescribed, and sustaining satisfactory examinations, would receive an appropriate diploma, and be entitled to a laureate as significant and valuable is that conferred on young men at institutions of a corresponding grade." The foundation was now laid for a "Female College" in Montgomery County. If it was an experiment, it had liberal-minded, progressive and determined projectors, and measures were speedily taken to obtain such chartered privileges from the commonwealth as would place the institution in such a position as to command the respect, interest and public favor originally solicited for it by its founders. In 1853 an act of incorporation was obtained, vesting the following named trustees with the necessary corporate powers: James Warrenne Sunderland, John R. Grigg, Mathias Haldeman, William B. Hahn and Wright Bringhurst. These trustees were empowered to appoint a president and faculty of instruction, "who shall be charged with the direction and management of the literary affairs of the college, etc." The Charter provided that "the faculty shall have power to confer such literary degrees and academic honors as are usually granted by colleges upon such pupils as shall have completed in a satisfactory manner the prescribed course of study." [NOTE] [NOTE] Act to incorporate the Pennsylvania Female, College, Pamphlet Laws, 1858, page:127. This pioneer female college gave a new and startling impulse to the advance of woman, and its annual commencements called together the most learned and progressive audiences that ever assembled in the Perkiomen Valley. It was indeed something new for the mothers of Eastern Pennsylvania to witness the graduation of daughters with collegiate honors; and on all these occasions the "class," surrounded by corporators and faculty, having passed the examination required by the high standard prescribed, and otherwise acquitted themselves in accordance with the commencement exercises, elated with their success as students flushed with tributes of substantial friendship and the congratulations of senior college sisters, waited in common with an expectant public for the parting address of the president, who was required to disarm all unfriendly criticism, justify the pronounced innovation upon rules of education and approve the advent of the graduates upon the threshold of a higher and broader life than had been vouchsafed to the earlier generations of womanhood in Pennsylvania. This task Professor Sunderland always performed during his presidency with distinguished ability and marked public approval, and to no one more than him is due the credit and honor of moulding that public opinion which a quarter of a century ago and since has demanded equal educational advantages for woman, fitting her for the employment of teacher and all the higher pursuits of life in which she is now found. This college and kindred academical institutions in Eastern Pennsylvania, largely instrumental in the accomplishment of good in the past and passing 420 generations, have ceased to be educational factors. The college buildings and beautifully located grounds are still preserved by the founder of the institution, who is frequently visited by the former students and their children. All are warmly welcomed by their former preceptor and his estimable "helpmeet," who together live in the golden sunshine of mature age, conscious of having performed their duty in their day and hopeful that in the near future the work they commenced in common with the co-laborers of the Schuylkill Valley will be continued for generation after generation, and woman be fully accorded her true position in all the avenues of usefulness, influence and honor consistent with her possibilities in a continental republic resting upon a liberal, intelligent, and Christian civilization. ALUMNI OF PENNSYLVANIA FEMALE COLLEGE Class of 1853 Mrs. J. F. Walter, A.M., (E. H. Hahn), S. C. Anna Eliza Oberholtzer, A.M., Chester County Hannah U. Price, A.M., Phoenixville. Class of 1854 Mrs. F. M. Hobson, A.M. (E. Gotwaltz), Freeland Mrs. G. S. Ashmead, A.M. (S. W. Hall), California Hannah P. Hall, San Francisco, Cal. Mary E. Kurtz, A.M., Juniata County Mrs. D. Nyce, A.M. (M. E. Stephens), Philadelphia Emily Todd, A.M., Freeland Mrs. Hon. H. Royer (C. B. Todd), Freeland Mrs. Rev. Wm. Magee, A.M. (M. A. Wolf), Philadelphia Mrs. J. C. Carson, A.M. (L. A. Stewart), Ripley, Tenn. Class of 1855 Josephine Caldwell, New York Mrs. Col. T. W. Bean, A.M. (H. Heebner), Montgomery County Ellen M. Hilton, A.M., New Jersey Margaret B. Jackson, Kennett Square Anna M. Newberry, A.M., Whitemarsh Mrs. T. Highley (A. C. Nichols), Shannonville Mary Ella Pennypacker, Phoenixville. Class of 1856 Mrs. Samuel Gross Fry, A.M. (M. J. Cassady), Philadelphia Rachel Dickinson, died in New Jersey Mrs. Dr. H. F. Sellers (Amelia Oakford), Philadelphia Mrs. Enoch Davis (M. E. Buckwalter), Delaware County Sallie R. Roman, Newport, Del. Mrs C. Reiff (Deborah S. Yerkes), Norristown Rebecca Towers, Royer's Ford Mrs. W. H. Fessenden (H. A. Sunderland), Boston, Mass. Class of 1857 Deborah L. Hilton, A.M., Washington, D. C. Martha A. Pennypacker, A.M., Chester County Mrs. Dr. H. C. Dodson, A.M. (M. A. Hahn), Maryland. Class of 1858 Mrs. Slifer (Anna P. Rodenbaugh), Lewisburg; Elizabeth E. Evans, Philadelphia; Mary T. Davis, Norristown. Clam of 1859 Helen G. Coates, Philadelphia Mrs. Robins, A.M. (Adeline V. Compton), New Egypt, N. J Emma A. Fry, Philadelphia Mrs. H. Grubb (E. B. Hunsicker), Freeland Mrs. Kerns, A.M. (Ellen J. McKee), Dayton Diana C. Young, A.M., Milford. Class of 1860 Emma J. Hahn, A.M., Washington, D.C. Mrs. H. Longstreth (S. Hunsicker), Limerick Caroline B. Reinard, A.M., Pottstown Martha E. Schafer, A.M., Chester County Mrs. Dr. Wilcox (Hannah S. Tyler), Matoon, Ill. Lucy M. Weaver, A.M., Cincinnati, Ohio. Class of 1861 Harriet B. Boots, Chicago, Ill. Bella L. Freas, Spring Mill Martha A. Howell, Yardleyville Virginia S. Rogers, A.M., Philadelphia Mrs. Captain H. Preston (M. Van Horn), Wilmington Mrs. C. Spare (E. F. Williams), Philadelphia. Class of 1862 F. R. Chatham, A.M., New Jersey Rebecca Eicholtz, A.M., Illinois Fannie G. Hagaman, A.M., Carbon County Lydia G. Pierson, Mullica Hill, N. J. Sallie Preston, Wilmington, Del Mary K. Schreiner, Chester County Mrs. H. Prizer (Lydia A. Tustin), died in Chester. Clam of 1863 Helen M. Lewis, Philadelphia Emma J. Young, A.M., Milford. Class of 1864 E. Amanda Larzalere, Montgomery County Hannah Larzalere, Montgomery County Elizabeth Tustin, Chester County. Clam of 1865 Calista Aiman, Whitemarsh Mrs. B. Wright (Emma T. Black), Tullytown Mary P. Crawford, Lower Merion Henrietta M. Hahn, Clifton Springs, N. Y. Clarissa V. Hahn, Washington, D.C. Rebecca Nash, Whitemarsh Anna Townsend, Royal Oak, Md. Sarah F. Valliant, St. Michael's, Md. Class of 1866 Ziliffice Aiman, Chestnut Hill Emma Gibbons, Oakdale Mary P. Egbert, Lower Merion; Kate D. Hughes, Bridgeport C. Cecilia Hamer, Freeland Emma E. Evans, Limerick Anna Hallman, Eagleville Kate Stauffer, A.M., Ohio Class of 1867 Sallie K. Antrim, Millville, N. J. Emily Y. Crawford, Conshohocken Emma J. Hahn, Clifton, N. Y. Emma E. Jones, Tidioute Hannah E. Mosser, Breinigsville Agnes S. Shultz, Colebrookdale Clara Detwiler, Domphan, Kan. S. Emma Price, Eagleville. Class of 1868 Mary A. Cox, Philadelphia Sadie S. Gabriel, Allentown Fannie Hamer, Freeland. Class of 1869 Ida V. Moser, Lehigh County, Pa. Madge P. Walker, Philadelphia Emily S. Lane, Bucks County Ella C. Tolan. New Jersey. Class of 1870 Fannie V. French, Maine Nellie .H. Marsh, Chester County, Pa. Ella V. Gilmore, Maryland Jennie M. McCallmont, New Jersey Ella T. Wallaston, Montgomery County, Pa. Martha Hallman, Lower Providence, Pa. Class of 1871 Minerva Schwenk Montgomery County Addie T. Sherman, Montgomery County. Class of 1875 Lizzie Stanger, New Jersey Lizzie Gotwals, Chester County, Pa. Anna Walmsly, New Jersey. THE HILL SCHOOL, PREPARATORY TO COLLEGE, SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL AND BUSINESS. -The Hill School was established in 1851 by the Rev. Matthew Meigs, Ph.D., LL.D., ex-president of Delaware College, and formerly of the University of Michigan. The school property, comprising about twelve acres, lies on the eastern border, adjoining the Corporate limit of the beautiful borough of Pottstown, less than two hours' ride from Philadelphia, with which there is communication by eighteen daily trains on the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and by the Bound Brook route but three hours and a half from New York. The school is situated on a commanding eminence known as "The Hill," affording all extensive and beautiful prospect of the valley of the Schuylkill and the surrounding country. The rooms are severally heated by steam, ventilated directly and equably with all exhaustive System constantly withdrawing polluted air from the atmosphere. The incandescent system of electric lighting, which has been adopted throughout, neither adds noxious fumes to the atmosphere nor exists by its absorption, but by its non-combustion of oxygen, and the uniform volume of light received from an electric lamp, makes it more comfortable and less dangerous to the eyes than any other form of illuminant known. Hot and cold water have been introduced into every room. In connection with the best traps that sanitary science has devised is a separate ventilating shaft for each set of pipes, which issues at a point above the crown of the roof. On each floor are two bathrooms, and the sewerage is disposed of according to the specific direction of the best authorities. Each boy occupies a single bed. PHYSICAL TRAINING. -The gymnasium, constructed and equipped under the personal direction of Professor George Goldie, of Princeton College, embraces every appliance requisite for the symmetrical development of the body and supplementary apparatus for special training. At the beginning of the year and at such times 421 during the year as may seem good, a physical examination of each pupil is made by a skilled physician in order to determine hereditary tendencies, functional or organic disorders and individual weaknesses, all of which results serve to guide the instructor, who requires of each pupil the prescribed exercises resultant upon and corrective of personal needs. Daily participation in the simpler forms of gymnastic drill is expected and enforced, except in case of illness. Experience has shown the quick and intelligent response of boys to this method of physical training, and so far from defeating the aim to increase their reverence for their bodies, it has been found that this practical, reasonable system dignifies the spirit in which they regard their highest functions. This culture is supplemented by the study of physiology and hygiene, with the use of skeleton and manikin, and by lectures, general and special, with reference to public and personal health. Its prosperity and efficiency have increased froin year to year, and its distinguished position will always be found the best monument of its founder's sagacity and liberality. Rigorously restricting the number of its pupils, and enabled thereby to bestow the most scrupulous attention upon each student's personal needs, it has accomplished a great work in impressing upon the individual the habits of exact and scholarly methods, which have been utilized in every department of life. In 1876 the founder was succeeded by his son, John Meigs, Ph.D., by whom the school was reorganized with special reference to the work of preparation for college and scientific school. Under the present regime every graduate of the school who has applied for admission has entered one of the best colleges in full standing. An enlarged faculty of instruction and increased appliances have confirmed expectations of its friends. On the 4th of March 1884, the buildings of the school were destroyed by fire. On the 1st of October of the same year the work was resumed in the new structure erected during the spring and summer. In their reconstruction whatever experience, sanitary science and generous aspiration could suggest has been scrupulously incorporated. The purpose has not been merely to create a home for the boys, provided with every element of exceptional comfort and happiness, but to signalize the school-life and school-work by appliances complete and attractive. TEACHERS, 1884 Latin and Greek, John Meigs, Ph.D. (Lafayette); William E. Roe, A.M. (Williams); Walter C. Roe, A.B (Williams). Mathematics, George Q. Sheppard, A.B. (Lafayette). English and Latin, Andrew W Willson, Jr., A.B. (Princeton). History, William E. Roe, A.M. (Williams); Walter C. Roe, A.B. (Williams). Natural Sciences, Henry R. Goodnow, A.B, (Amherst, University of Berlin, ex-Fellow Johns Hopkins University). German, Rev. L. K. Evans, A.M. (Franklin and Marshall, University of Berlin). Physiology and Hygiene, Richard W. Saylor, M.D. (Amherst, New York College of Physicians and Surgeons). Music, Ed. Giles. NORTH WALES ACADEMY AND SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, Professor S. U. Brunner, principal. This institution was opened in Kulpsville, Pa., Oct. 14, 1867, its object being to meet the increasing demand for practically educated men and women. It was removed to North Wales, Montgomery Co., April 10, 1871. The organization and system of instruction are adapted to meet the wants not only of the commercial part of the community, but also of the professional, agricultural and artisan classes. There are two separate departments, -academic and commercial. PICTURE OF NORTH WALES ACADEMY, APPEARS HERE. We recognize the fact that while a thorough English and classical education is highly conducive to success in life, a practical business education is scarcely less so. Such an education is nearly as necessary for the professional man, farmer and mechanic as for the merchant. The aim steadily held in view in this institution is to give its pupils symmetrical culture, and at the same time to make of them practical, self- reliant men and women, fitted to assume the duties and to discharge the responsibilities of life, and to appreciate any refining pleasure that may come in their way. Students are fitted for college if their parents or guardians so desire. The commercial department is entirely separate from the graduating course. It is a complete and independent course of itself, yet students can elect 422 certain branches from either it or the graduating course. With a determination to make this school a success, the principal employs none but first-class, capable instructors. Special attention is also called to the fact that dull and backward students have extra instruction given them outside of the regular routine of school-work. BUILDING GROUNDS, ETC. -The school building was erected in 1872, and consists of a large stucco stone structure, with mansard roof, forty-three feet square, four stories high, including basement, which latter is used for cooking and dining purposes, etc. The first story is divided into school, recitation, office and class-rooms, and the second and third into dormitories and studios. The observatory on top of the building affords a magnificent view of surrounding country. The grounds are ample, and a variety of shrubbery, flowers, shade and ornamental trees have been set out. PICTURE OF S. U. BRUNNER, APPEARS HERE. SAMUEL U. BRUNNER, youngest son of Frederick and Lydia (Umstead) Brunner, was born at the old homestead, Worcester township Montgomery Co on April 6, 1842. His rudimentary education was required at the Bethel Public School, which he attended six months during the year, beginning at the age of six and continuing until that of seventeen. While he was yet a student here, in 1858, he was chosen by the school board of his district, against his own personal wishes, to teach an unexpired term in Johnson's School, in the extreme western end of the district. He reluctantly entered upon his new duties about January 1, 1859 and successfully completed unexpired term of one of the hardest schools to manage in the district. He entered Washington Hall Collegiate Institute at Trappe, in the spring of that year; and continued to teach public school, and during vacation to attend school until 1864. During this time he taught successfully two consecutive terms at Cassel's School Worcester, and three in Whitpain, closing his career as a public-school teacher, in 1867, as principal of the Jenkintown Public School 423 Always of a practical turn of mind, he entered Eastman's National Business College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., in the summer of 1864, graduating with distinguished honor in a class of twenty-seven in thirteen weeks. Wishing to apply his newly acquired knowledge so as to gain actual experience in business, he became chief bookkeeper for the Grover & Baker Sewing-Machine Company, No. 730 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, which position he held until July, 1866. His chosen profession was resumed in August of that year at Jenkintown. Having it desire to establish a business for himself, he ventured to open a private school in Kulpsville Hall, October, 14, 1867. This school, known as Kulpsville Academy and School of Business, he, opening with two pupils, successfully conducted until it was removed to North Wales, in April, 1871. PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS. -There are two large parochial schools maintained in the county. The largest of these, located in Norristown, is St. Patrick's Parochial school, which was began in January, 1875, in the basement of St. Patrick's church. The studies are the same as in the public school, and the same text forms are used, with the exception of the Readers, which are selections from the classics and Catholic writers. The school is under the charge of the Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mercy. The other school is located in Conshohocken, and is conducted under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church of that borough. There are upwards of one thousand pupils in attendance upon them, and they are supported exclusively by contributions or payments made by those who adhere to the faith and doctrines of that ancient church. Females are employed as teachers, and the branches of study prescribed, together with the general management of these schools, are under the control of the ecclesiastical authorities of the denomination referred to. They receive no aid from the public school tax levied in the county or appropriated by the State.