Local History: XLVI - Other Boroughs : Davis's 1877 History of Northampton Co, PA Contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by Susan Walters USGENWEB NOTICE: Printing this file by non-commercial individuals and libraries is encouraged, as long as all notices and submitter information is included. Any other use, including copying files to other sites requires permission from the submitters PRIOR to uploading to any other sites. We encourage links to the state and county table of contents. HTML Table of Contents may be found at http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/northampton/davistoc.htm _______________________________________________________________________ HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††† 220 (cont.) THE BOROUGH OF NAZARETH. BY REV. EDWARD H. REICHEL. IN the year of Grace 1457, some of the religious followers of the staunch Bohemian martyr, John Huss (who was burnt at the stake on July 6th, 1417), formed themselves into a close church fellowship with like-minded believers from Moravia, and assumed the name of "The United Brethren." The descendants of these sorely tried professors of the Gospel, after having suffered the most intense persecutions, were scattered through the contiguous States of Central Europe, and finally almost entirely extirpated. A remnant was, however, preserved; and some three hundred years after the martyrdom of Huss-whom they considered the founder of their church-the Spirit of God brought about a great awakening among this remnant; and, in order to enjoy religious liberty and freedom of conscience-sacred principles, always upheld by their ancestors-they now threw off the shackles of oppression, by leaving their native lands, and escaping into the Kingdom of Saxony. Here these hardy refugees found a kind welcome, and were soon permitted to begin a settlement on the estate of Count Zinzendorf in Upper Lusatia, where they founded Herrnhut in 1722.1 Five years later, a regular Church Government, was, established, and thence dates the birth of the Renewed Brethrens Church, whose members are now commonly styled "Moravians." Imbued with a genuine missionary spirit, their poster, Zinzendorf, who proved himself a worthy instrument in God's hand, used all his influence, political and religion, to further the spread of the gospel; and here were men ready and willing to leave home and friends, in order to carry the message of salvation to the uttermost parts of the earth. It was in accordance with this movement that the first Moravians crossed the Atlantic in 1735, and landed at Savannah, in the Province of Georgia, there to engage in missionary labors among the negro slaves. Others followed, and some of these proceeded northward into Pennsylvania. Here Whitefield, the great Methodist preacher, who had previously become acquainted with the Moravian Brethren, secured the services of some of them to erect a large building for a school for negro orphans, on a tract of 5,000 acres of land, in the Forks of the Delaware, which he had purchased in 1741). He called this tract Nazareth; known, also, its "The Barony," because, when this purchase was "released and confirmed by William Penn to his trusty friend, Sir John Fagg, for the sole use and behoof of his beloved daughter, Letitia Aubrey, it was done on the condition of the payment of one red rose, yearly, if demanded, in full for all services, customs, and rents; with the privilege of holding thereon court baron, and views of frank pledge for the conservation of the peace." It was on May 30th, in the year aforesaid, that this small band of hardy mechanics, under the leadership of Peter Boehler2 reached the spot designated; and, as the shades of night closed upon them, they met for their evening worship under the wide spread branches of a primitive oak, which stood but a short distance from Captain Johns Indian village.3 Before the expiration of six months, two log houses (one of which is still standing-the other was removed more than twenty years ago), and the lower portion of the walls of the large edifice, were completed. In consequence of some difficulty which now arose, nothing more was done until 1743, when Whitefield sold this estate to the Moravians, who then finished the main building, which has since that time been known as "Ephrata," or "The Whitefield House.4 " Here, then, was the first of that cordon of Moravian settlements gradually made during the next twenty years in this section of the country. In several cases, nothing is left of the original structures, but the localities of all are still known by their names. Taking Ephrata as our starting point, we find old Nazareth a few hundred rods to the south, commenced in 1744; but whose quaint looking houses have all been removed. One mile westward, was Gnadenthal, whose spacious buildings, erected in 1745, gave way to those of the Courity Almshouse, which was located here in 1835. A short distance south of this spot is Christianspring, laid out in 1748, and where we still find several of the first dwellings. About a mile to the east of Ephrata is Friedensthal, on the Lehietan (Bushkill), whose first mill, built in 1750, supplied the neighboring inhabitants with the best of flour. The Rose Settlement, containing the first Inn, or House of Entertainment, was begun in 1752, on the Kings road, about a mile to the northeast. "Standing on the very confines of barbarism, like a beacon off some dark and stormy coast, its cheering presence was henceforth hailed by horsemen and packers journeying on the Kings road, that led past and over the Blue Mountain, many miles northward, to the farms and settlements that dotted both shores of the Delaware in the Minisinks." This ancient hostelry was demolished in 1858. The pretty hamlet of Schoeneck, commenced in 1761, is to the north, almost within calling; and its old stone church, built in 1793, is still, fortunately, cherished by those whose ancestors delighted to worship within its massive walls. The present town of Nazareth, embracing Ephrata and Old Nazareth within its limits, was laid out on six hundred acres of the original tract, in 1771. The corner-stone of Nazareth Hall was laid in 1755,and the building was brought under roof within five months. Originally intended for the manor house, it was, however, never occupied by Count Zinzendorf, whose return from Germany did not take place, as death ended his useful career in 1760. The ground floor of this building was used as a place of worship, until the erection of the first church, in 1841; and its other roomy apartments have been devoted to school purposes, from 1759 to the present day.5 The first graveyard was located, in 1753, on the highest point of the ridge, running westward, and more than a mile from Ephrata. It was used for only some ten or twelve years, and was gradually lost and forgotten amid the forest trees which surrounded it. In 1870, the Moravian Historical Society erected a plain marble shaft, on a mound in the centre of the enclosure, and we find inscribed on it the names of more than sixty persons, of various nationalites, whose mortal remains were buried here. In 1756, the present place of burial was set apart, on the brow of the hill, just west of the hall. It has been enlarged several times, and is now within the limits of The Evergreen Cemetery. ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Captain Zinzendorf was born in Dresden, May 17th, he received a most liberal education and finished his collegiate course, in the University at Wittemberg. For some years he held in important position in the government of Saxony, which he, however cheerfully resigned, in order to devote all his time, talents, and influence, to the service of God. He became the patron of the Moravians, who settled on one his estates, in Lusatia. He entered the regular ministry of their church, and was consecrated bishop in 1737. His subsequent life was one of constant activity in planning and carrying out various projects for the evangelization of the heathen in different parts of the world. In 1739 he visited the Moravian missions in the West Indies, and subsequently made extensive journeyings ,among the Indiana in Pennsylvania and New York. His truly eventful life closed in 1760, and his remains repose in the centre of the graveyard at Herrnhut 2. This truly great man was born in Frankfort-on-the-Main. December 3lst, 1712. He was intended by his fattier for the medical profession, but entered the University of Jena as a divinity student, when in his eighteenth year. Here he made the acquaintance of some Moravians whose communion he joined; and, in 1737,, he was sent to missionate among the negro slaves on the Plantations near Savannah Georgia. Three years later, he proceeded to Pennsylvania, and this province became the principal fleld of his future activity. He visited Europe several times, and died in London, in April, 1755. John Wesley, the Methodist revivalist, calls Peter Boehler his spiritual father.- (See Life of Wesley, &c.,) 3. Captain John, a Delaware, was a son of old Captain Harris, and a half-brother to Tadeuskund, King of the Delawares in 1756. A populous village of this tribe, under the jurisdiction of Captain John, occupied the later site of old Nazareth, in 1740. For a time, this "shrewd old Ishmalite" refused to give the Moravians full possession of the land just purchased by them. He died in 1747, and, in accordance with his dying request, was buried after the Christian mode of burial. 4.This building was originally intended by Whitefield for a school or asylum for orphan negro children. Having passed out of his hands, it became as well remarked, "the cradle of Moravianism in America." The old house has undergone many changes, and been used for many purposes. For a number of years it was set apart as a nursery for infant children between two and three years of age, thus to enable their parents "the better to labor for the common good of the community." This Institution was abolished about 1760, and, thenceforward, the Ephrata House was occupied by families for a long period and in later years (1856) it was used, also, for educational purposes. In 1871 the building was completely renovated, and altered in its interior arrangements. Since that date, it has been set apart as a temporary retreat for disabled missionaries and ministers, of the Church, and is now called "The Missionary Home." The Moravian Historical society occupies the second floor for its library and museum. 5. In 1785, the hall was surmounted with a belfry, bull, and vane. The hollow ball contains a document giving a short historical amount of the origin of the neighboring settlements." In 1796, a terrace was constructed on the roof, and the belfry now received a clock, the workmanship of Mr. Joseph Eberman, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, which, for nearly fifty years, did goodly service in that spot. The old bell, with its devout inscription, "Deo soli gloria" (To God alone be the glory) still rings where it rang at first; but the clock was removed into the tower of the new church, in 1841, where a large, mellow-toned bell awaited it; but in 1861, both bell and clock were placed in the spire of the beautiful brick sanctuary, whence we hear the hours of the day, and their quarters, proclaimed, year in, year out. 221 THE EVERGREEN CEMETERY. Whose choice collection of spruce, pine, hemlock, and other suitable trees, makes it a most appropriate spot for interment. In the latter part of 1771, the first inn was built, on the very site of the present. NAZARETH HOTEL. A contemporary writer describes it as having been "a rather murky-looking tenement;" but, in course of time, it was improved, enlarged, and ultimately renovated; and now appears with all the appointments of modern hotel aspirations. During the next year, a store was opened in a two-story stone house on the east side of the square, in whose centre there was now placed a convenient pump for public use. This received its supply of water through pipes from a spring which still sends forth its never-failing stream, a short distance northwest of the hall. The waters from several contiguous spring, were, in time, led into this main pipe; and thus was the town supplied for nearly a century. In 1859, a reservoir (since enlarged), was built, just west of the cemetery, and the waters of Johns Spring. Some distance beyond, brought into it, iron pipes distribute the supply through the greater part of the town. The present WATER COMPANY was chartered in 1870. MARKET HOUSE. A public, market house was built in the square about 1780, and was in use until the hand of modern improvement demolished it in 1857. FIRE-ENGINES. Two hand fire-engines, were introduced; the first about 1790, and the second about 1820. At different times, as many various fire organizations existed, but at present there is no fire company. Both engines are still on hand, and also a large supply of hose, for attachment to the fire plugs connected with the pipes leading from the reservoir. Fortunately, but few fires have ever occurred. After the war for American Independence, when our National Government was established, a POST OFFICE. POST OFFICE Was soon opened in Nazareth, which now became the centre of post roads and travel from New York and Philadelphia to the northern parts, of Pennsylvania. The arrival and departure of the mail stage caused no little stir to the quiet community, and especially so during the times of the "Troy coaches and four" (still within the memory of the living), when the postillion's here announced, already from afar, the approach of travelers, whose advent at the old inn was always an hour full of strange expectations. But this has all been changed by the railroad facilities around us, though we still have a ride of five miles to the nearest depot. GERMAN NEWSPAPER, ETC. Between the years 1835 and 1838, a weekly German paper, Die Abend Zeitung (the Evening Paper), was published at Nazareth, but the office was afterwards removed to Easton, and there combined with some other paper. All the various handicrafts which necessity and comfort call for were gradually introduced; and though building operations were never very rapid, yet house after house was erected, and these mostly of a plain and substantial style. THE LIMESTONE QUARRIES. Opened for the construction of the Whitefield House, are still in use, and supply quantities of material for building and other purposes Of late years, thousands of tons of this stone have been burnt into lime (in large kilns, near the town), and mostly used by farmers to our north, who find it a valuable fertilizer; and since its introduction, the scrub-oak was to have been converted into productive grain farms. As time sped on a change was taking place in the habits and customs of the exclusively Moravian community of Nazareth, and it was by and by decided to abrogate the rules of the past, and to take a more liberal view of the sentiments of the world around. Hence in 1849 THE LEASE SYSTEM was abolished by the Church authorities, met in General Synod (Clergy and Lay men) at Bethlehem; and soon after the town plan of Nazareth was enlarged, property was offered to the highest bidders, and an impetus thus given to business in general, which resulted in the erection of a number of well-built brick dwellings, on several of the new streets just opened. CHURCH EDIFICES. The Moravian Church of 1841, was, now converted into a Parochial schoolhouse, and the present beautiful church building erected, in 1861, on the west side of Centre Square. The Lutheran and Reformed congregations, built St. Johns Church in 1859, on South Broad, corner of Prospect, street, and in 1867 the German Evangelical Association put up a place of worship at the corner of Broad and Walnut street. Two additional PUBLIC HOUSES were opened-the American Hotel in 1853, and the Franklin House, in 1860. THE FAIR GROUND. Of the Northampton County Agricultural Society, was laid out in 1854, in the southern part of the town, between Main and Broad streets. FREE SCHOOL HOUSES ETC. A school house was built, in 1868, at the corner of North Broad and Chestnut Sts., in connection with which a building of smaller dimensions near by, is devoted to school purposes. As education, in its true and most thorough sense, always field a prominent place among the leading principles of the Moravian Church, schools for boys and for girls, and also for infants, were early established here, as elsewhere, and they have been maintained unto the present day. Musical talent, so natural among Germans, has also been well cultivated, and literary societies are not wanting. A Philharmonic Society, a Cornet Band and a Young Mens Lyceum, have, for many decades afforded opportunities for pleasant and useful recreation. In 1857 the Moravian Historical Society was instituted, and its, library and museum of antiquities, occupy the second floor ofthe Whitefield House Sunday-schools and other religious association, are connected with all the churches, the oldest and most important of which are the Missionary Societies of the Moravians. A museum of Indian relies and other curiosities, was opened by a private individual in 1869, whose cabinet contains one of the largest and most valuable collection of birds eggs and nests to be met with. The enthusiastic owner has spent full fifty years in making this collection. As already stated Nazareth has been a post-town for nearly a century. There are daily mails and stage and express facilities to all parts of the country. With regard to the military record of the borough, during the late. War of the Rebellion, it is but just to state that at the first call for troops, the young men were not slow in offering their services. The first company regularly organized, was Company A, 153d Regiment, Pa. Vols., the record of , which at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, is well known. INCORPORATED A BOROUGH. April 14th, 1863. All of the usual professions and trades of a provincial town are represented in the village, and from the appended list, it will be seen that our population, of about 1,000, are well served in this respect. The three churches have comfortable parsonages for their presences. There are seven buildings in the borough used for school purposes, and some twenty teachers are, employed. We have four physicians; strange to say, no lawyer has ever opened all office in the town, though it has unfortunately not been free from litigation one apothecary two druggists one veterinary surgeon three dry goods, grocery, and notion stores two hardware stores one iron foundry one machine-shop, for agricultural implements one sash factory and planing-mill one baker and confectioner two floor still feed stores two hoteliers four tailors seven shoemakers one hatter and dealer in furs one tobacconist one undertaker two lumber yards two cabinet makers two carriage, factories one wheelwright one stone cotter four house carpenters and painters one carpet and coverlet weaver one photographer two harness makers one paint works one cigar-box maker three hotels, three restaurants two brick yards one guitar factory one nursery of fruit and shade trees two barber shops three tinsmiths and dealers in stoves four milliners four dressmakers two life and fire insurance agencies one telegraph (Western Union office) one fire-engine house one livery stable one Gas Works for the Moravian Church) two Justices of the peace, Burgess and five Councilmen one High Constable one museum one lyceum and reading-room This list of handicrafts shows that we have no idle community; and as nearly all of the houses are owned by their occupants, there is good proof that the efforts of all who were faithful and diligent in business, were crowned with a satisfactory success. By the practice of diligence and economy, have not only home-comforts been secured, but generous spirit of beneficence has, been cherished, and a ready and active part taken by the people of Nazareth, in the great charitable projects of the day. 222 The citizens, mostly of German descent, retain many of the staid and quiet habits of their ancestors, and have been content to pursue their various enjoyments with but few ambitious traits, to spur them on to more active, and lucrative businesses. While the German language still predominates in common conversation, the English is spoken by nearly every one, and, is gradually becoming more general in its use. The town itself, noted for its healthy position, has a natural drainage, is well supplied with pure water, has graded streets and good sidewalks, street lamps, public hydrants and fire-plugs, and other necessary and convenient appointments. The houses, are mostly of stone and brick; plain, well-built, and roomy without any pretensions to architectural beauty. The principal thoroughfares run north and south, and are crossed by others at right angles, all duly named. Situated near the centre of the county, with a, rather confined local trade. Nazareth cannot think of competing in business with the large towns, but a few miles distant, which possess canal and railroad advantages, and in which extensive iron works, foundries, forges, rolling-mills, etc., are located. But should the day come, which perhaps is not far off when a long contemplated railroad, to pass the town in a northeasterly course, will be built, then, no doubt, the development of our rich natural products will become lucrative, and a fair portion of traffic and encouragement in our midst. THE NAZARETH COUNTY No. 1, ORDER OF UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS, was instituted in 1849 It contains some sixty members. The MANITOBA TRIBE, No. 125, IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN, was established in 1870. The most prominent as well as the most interesting feature of the borough of Nazareth, is the venerable institution of learning, known as NAZARETH HALL PICTURE OF NAZARETH HALL APPEARS HERE In 1740, George Whitefield, then in the zenith of his activity it, the British Provinces of North America, purchased of Mr. William Allen of Philadelphia, 5,000 acres of land, in the Forks of the Delaware, which he named Nazareth. Here he projected a school for negroes, and here he designed settling such of his adherents in England as, might be compelled to leave, their country for conscience sake. His plans, however, were never consummate. The school-building-at the present day, called the Whitefield House-was only in course, of erection, when, in 1741, the death of Whitefield's financial agent compelled him to relinquish his noble enterprise. Becoming pecuniarily embarrassed, he threw his estate in Pennsylvania on the market, and in the summer of the above mentioned year, it was purchased by Bishop Spangenberg, then in London, for the Moravian Church. On this historic tract, Nazareth Hall was commenced in May, 1755, but was not completed until in the summer of 1758; a delay, which was unavoidable, in times troublous, for the borders of the Province, us were those which succeed Braddock's disastrous campaign. It is built of the limestone of the neighborhood, is eighty feet long by forty broad, three stories, high, and has a broken or gambrel roof, which is surmounted by a balustered terrace and a belfry. Nazareth Hall is in imposing structure, and even now challenges admiration for the chasteness of its design, and the justness of its proportions. Count Zinzendorf, for whom the hall had been built, failing to revisit this country, in June of 1759, it was converted into a boarding-school for Moravian lads exclusively, In December of 1764, there were as many as one hundred and six pupils in charge of sixteen tutors and twelve assistants, in the building. In May of 1737, a Provincial Synod of the Church held its sessions in the chapel of the Hall, and in the summer of the same year, Bishop Spangenberg, who for nearly twenty years superintended the Moravian movement in North America, occupied a suite of its apartments. The Hall and the four buildings (including the Principals residence) now belonging to the Institution, front on a pleasant lawn, and are distant from the main street and business portion of the borough. In the rear ties the farm, containing some forty acres. The valuation of these estates and properties, including furniture, stock, equipments, etc, may not be far from $50,000. There have been fourteen principals, the first of whom, was: REV. CHARLES G. REICHEL, 1785-1802 Mr. Reichel, a graduate of the Moravian Theological Seminary at Barby, Saxony, came to this country in the autumn of 1784, to take charge of the then recently planned Boarding School at Nazareth. On the third of October, 1785, the day on which it was opened, be assumed the duties of presiding officer. There were but eleven pupils entered on that day, and these were sons of members of the Moravian Church. Joseph Shaw, of Philadelphia, was the first but not of Moravian parentage admitted. In 1787, John Konkaput, a Housatonic Indian, from Stockbridge, Mass., was placed at the Institution by the United States Government. Accessions of pupils from the West Indies, date from the year 1788; and, from that time, there was scarcely a year but that sons of English and Danish planters from these islands were inmates of the Hall. During Mr. Reichel's administration, one hundred and sixty-three pupils were connected with the Institution. Special attention was paid to the study of the English and German languages, the pupils being required to express themselves exclusively in the one or the other, on alternate days, in their intercourse with each other and their preceptors. The first examination of classes open to the public, was held in October of 1789. In August of 1786, fifty-five and a half perches of land lying west ofthe Hall, were laid out into a park. It was subsequently enlarged, planted with forest trees, shrubs and wild flowers, add thus became "the shades of the Academy," in which, successive generations of its inmate sought rest and recreation from mental toil. Mr. Reichel returned to Europe in 1818, and died at Nisky, Lower Silesia, in April of 1825. 223 REV. JACOB VAN VLECK, 1802-1809 Mr. Van Vleck was a native of New York, and his parents members of the church which the Moravians organized in that city in 1748. After having pursued it collegiate course of instruction in the Hall, he, in 1771, went abroad, to prepare for the ministry at the Theological Seminary at Barby. Returning to his native country after a seven years absence, Mr. Van Vleck was ordained, and, in 1790, appointed Principal of the Young Ladies Seminary at Bethlehem, and in 1802, succeeded Mr. Reichel at Nazareth Hall. One hundred and nineteen pupils, of which number but eighteen were Moravians, were admitted during his administration. As the sons of Moravian parents were now beginning to preponderate in the school, the German language, which had at first been used in destruction to a great extent, was supplanted by the English. It was found necessary also, to bring the curriculum more in conformity with that of other schools in the country. As, the school grew, great difficulty was experienced in procuring liberally educated preceptors. It was, therefore, resolved to make special provision for this pressing want, and, in 1807, a Collegiate and Divinity School was established at the Hall, in which young men of the Church were trained as preceptors while studying for the ministry. This was the origin of the preteens Theological Seminary at Bethlehem. Since 1810 this Institution has supplied most of the teachers employed in Nazareth Hall. REV. CHARLES F. SEIDEL 1809-1817. Mr. Seidel was a graduate of the Moravian Theological Seminary at Nisky; came to this country in 1806, and in 1809 took charge of the, Hall The third of October, 1810, was the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the school The occasion was impressively observed; the chapel decorated; the pupils for the first tune occupied a common refectory; and a musical entertainment closed the festivities of the day. REV. JOHN C. BECKLER, 1817-1822. During his administration there was erected a residence for the Principal, who, with his family had hitherto been domiciled in the Hall. REV. WM. H. VAN VLECK, 1822-29. Mr. Van Vleck a son of the second Principal, was educated in the logical Seminar at Nazareth, and discharged the duties of a tutor in the Hall, prior to his entrance into the ministry. As a Principal he was successful, and the Institution entrusted to his care flourished as it had never done before. The number of pupils reached seventy-one. Subsequent to his retirement from the school, Mr. Van Vleck took charge of the Moravian Church in New York; was some time President of the Executive Board of the Province South; and, while senior pastor at Bethlehem, died in January of 1852. REV. JOHN G. HERMAN, 1829-1837. The sixth Principal of the Hall was a graduate of the Theological Seminary at Nisky, came to this country in 1817, and after having labored in the ministry for twelve years, took charge of the Institution at Nazareth. His administration was eminently prosperous, the number of pupils eventually reaching seventy-three. The semi-centennial of the Institution was observed on the third of October 1835. Eight hundred and seventeen pupils were admitted during the first half century of the Institutions existence. Two hundred and four were from Philadelphia one hundred and seventeen from other points in Pennsylvania one hundred and fifty-nine from the City and State of New York fifty-three from Baltimore eighty-two from the West India Islands forty-one from Bethlehem eighteen from Nazareth fourteen from Litiz twelve from Salem, N. C. one hundred and nine from other States of the Union, Canada, and from abroad. In 1830, the refectory, which had hitherto been to the basement of the Hall, was transferred to a wing attached in the east end of the building. REV. CHARLES A. VAN VLECK, 1837-1839. Mr. Van Vleck was a brother of the first Principal. He was a graduate of the Theological Seminary at Nazareth. Died in Greenville, Tenn., in December, 1845. REV. CHARLES F. KLUGE 1839-1844. Mr. Kluge was a graduate of the Theological Seminary at, Nazareth, and subsequently pastor of the Moravian Church in New York. During his administration at the Hall, the Trustees of the Institution purchased the building from the congregation who had been holding services in the lower part of the Hall, that having been conveyed to them in 1771, when the division of a portion of the unity estates in this country was effected. It was furnished as a chapel, additions made for refectory and kitchen, and the pupils boarded by the Institution. Mr. Jacobson was educated in the Theological Seminary at Nisky, Came to this country in 1816, and for ten years was a tutor in the Hall. His first pastoral charge was in the Province South. For eleven years he presided over the Young Ladies Academy at Salem, leaving it to enter upon the duties of Principal at Nazareth Hall. One hundred and thirty-two pupils are registered for this administration, the number at one time reaching seventy. REV. LEVI T. REICHEL, 1849-1853. Mr. Reichel, a son of the first Principal, was born at Bethlehem and educated for the ministry abroad. In 1834 he entered the Hall as it tutor, and in 1837 was called to a charge in the neighborhood of Nazareth. During this administration the arrangements in the school underwent a change the course of study was modified, the use of the German language in the daily intercourse of the pupils was reintroduced, and day-scholars were no longer admitted. REV. EDWARD RONDTHALER, 1853-54, Was born at Nazareth and educated in the Theological Seminary at that place, From the Hall, in which he labored as tutor for six years, he was, in 1841, called to the charge of a congregation in the neighborhood. Subsequently he was settled at Graceham, Frederick county, Md., and in Philadelphia. On severing his connection with the Institution in whose interests he wrought zealously, Mr. Ronthaler was appointed Professor in the Theological Seminary, at that time temporarily located at Nazareth. There he died, in March of 1865. REV. EDWARD H. REICHEL 1854-1866, A grandson of the first Principal of Nazareth Hall, was graduated frown the Theological Seminary at Bethlehem, served as a tutor in the first-named Institution, and in 1849 was settled in the ministry at Camden Valley, Washington County, N. Y. From that church he was called to the Hall. The annual increase in the number of pupils calling for ampler accommodation, to the autumn of 1865 a three-story wing was added to the Hall. Thus the capacity of the school was permanently increased. In 1862, Mr, Reichel organized his pupils into a uniformed cadet company, and introduced military drill as part of the routine of physical culture. During his incumbency, the Institution was relieved from financial embarrassments, under which it had labored much to its disadvantage for a number of years. Reunions were held annually as late as 1859. At the one of June 11th, 1858, a mural tablet, hearing the names ofthe twelve Principals of the Hall, (a tribute from former pupils) was inserted in the wall of the chapel. The reunion of 1866 was one of more than ordinary interest, calling forth the rehearsal of services rendered no their country in the time of her danger by patriotic Alumni of the school. Upward of six hundred pupils were admitted into the Hall during this administration. REV. ROBERT DE SCHWEINITZ, 1866-1867. Graduated from the Theological Seminary at Bethlehem, and, after having been a tutor in the, Hall for six years, was settled successively in different pastorates. Between 18,53 and 1855, he was Principal of the Young Ladies, Seminary at Salem. He is now President of the Board of Trustees of Nazareth Hall. 224 REV. EUGENE LEIBERT, 1867. Mr. Leibert was graduated from the Theological Seminary of the Moravian Church in l853, and entered the Hall as a tutor. Having been settled in the ministry successively at Sharon, Tuscarawas county, Ohio, and on Staten Island, he was in July of 1867 called to the Institution over which he has now presided for nine years. During this period the capacity of the school has been greatly increased, and only lately a commodious four-story building near the Hall has been purchased in order to meet the wants of its growing patronage. The present number of pupils is one hundred and fifty. The ninth reunion of former pupils, marked by the inauguration of it memorial cenotaph in honor of such Alumni as fell in the defence of their country during the late civil war, was held June 11th, 1868. One hundred and thirty-three former inmates of the Hall, some of whom entered is early as 1788, were present on this interesting occasion, Among the members of the Committee of Arrangements were Andrew A. Humphreys, Major-General, U. S. A. (a pupil of the class of 1822) John Baille McIntosh, Brevet Major-General, U. S. A. (a pupil of 1837) Nathaniel Michler, Brevet Brigadier-General, U. S. A, (a pupil of 1836) George P. Ihrie, Brevet Brigadier-General, U. S. A. (a pupil of 1836) Major Giles Porter, U. S A. (a pupil of 1840) The orator of the day was Rev. Edmund de Schweinitz, of Bethlehem, a pupil of 1834; and to General Humphreys, the senior officer present, was awarded the honor of unvailing the stone. It stands in the center of the green which spreads out before the flail. Its base is a block of granite, six and-a-half feet square. On this rests the pedestal, consisting of slabs of Connecticut sand- stone, supporting a solid block of New Brunswick drab-stone, into whose southern face is cut the National Cost of Arms, The pedestal is surmounted by a square the of Italian white marble, on which are inscribed appropriate legends and the names of the fallen Alumni. The obelisk itself is composed of1docks of Cleveland drab-stone alternating with slabs of Connecticut brown-stone. The south face of the marble bears the following inscription: "To commemorate the memory or sons of Nazareth Hall, who died that their country might be healed and live, this stone, is erected by the Alumni of the institution in the year of grace, 1868." On the east face are inscribed these names: DAVID BAKER VAN BRUNT M. BERGEN HERMAN L. BEITEL CHARLES M BERG EUQENE FERD CLEWELL GEORGE LORILLARD FREAM DANIEL H. FASIG JOSEPH P. BACHMAN HORACE C. BENNET And below, the comforting words of Scripture: "They shall hunger no more; neither thirst any more; neither shall the sun light on them, nor any heat. For the lamb which is in the midst of them shall feed them, and shall lead them at living fountain of waters; and God shall wipe away all tests from their eyes." The north side bears the names of ASHER GAYLORD JAMES T. GRAFTON JOHN C. HAGEN PLINY A. JEWETT, JR. CLARENCE KAMPMANN WILLIAM W. LADD DAVID T. LATINIER BENJAMIN F. LANDELL FRANK POTT And the legend, "The Academy is the nursing mother of patroits, rearing her children in the ways of truth and freedom." On the west, face the record is completed with the names of CHARLES RYERSON EDMUND A SHOUSE EDWIN A. KIRVING CHARLES L. SMEIDLE CHRISTIAN F. SMITH CHARLES M. STOUT ARTHUR L. VAN VLECK JOHN A. WITMER JOHN F. WOOD And underneath, the words of Plato: "Hence it, is, that the fathers of these men, and themselves too, being nurtured in all freedom and well-born, have shown before all men deeds many and glorious in public and private, deeming it their duty to fight for freedom and their country, even against their countrymen." The Military and Naval Record of the, Institution, furthermore, shows that two hundred and six of its pupils entered the Army or Navy or the United States in the civil war, in addition to the twenty-eight who fell in battle, or died of disease contracted in the service. Upwards of 3,000 pupils, as has been stated, have been educated in part or entirely within the past ninety-one years, at this now venerable Institution of learning. Many of these are known to have risen to eminence in the various walks of life, and have been or are men of mark in the eyes of the world. Truly, it is an Institution of which gray old Nazareth may well he proud. BANGOR. THE Borough of Bangor embraces within its limits a tract of five hundred and fifty acres, of ground, situated in the northern part of Washington township, on Martins Creek, and also being on the line of the proposed South Mountain Railroad, fourteen miles from Easton. The town owes its existence to the discovery, and successful working of the slate quarries, at and around that point. About eleven years ago, R. M. Jones, Esq., from Caernarvonshire, North Wales a practical geologist and slate-quarrying expert, followed the slate strata from the Delaware river to this Point, and finding here combined, the three indispensable conditions for profitable slate production, viz: slate, soft and tough in quality, unlimited in quantity, and lying in a good and accessible location, he, in company with Jacob P. Scholl, of Bethlehem, and Samuel Straub of Bath, purchased the farm of P. Labar, and, on the first of August 1866, these gentlemen (having associated with them, Messrs. Salad. Lewis, of Allentown; Francis Weiss and E. T. Foster, of Bethlehem; and A. L. Foster, of Mauch Chunk); commenced quarrying, under the superintendency of Mr. Jones. The name of Bangor, was given to the quarry and the locality, on account of the similarity of their natural features, to those of the town arid quarries if Bangor, in Wales. The Elmira Slate Quarry, the second opened, is situated on property bought by E. R. Wheeler and C. Smith, of Elmira, N, Y., from R. M. Jones, is on the northwest side ofthe valley, opposite the Bangor Quarry. The North Bangor Slate Manufacturing Companys quarry, adjoining the Elmira Quarry, was opened by R. M. Jones and Adam R. Reese, in 1871, who transferred an interest to John Brown, of Easton, who is at present working the quarry. Hugh H. Preichard, superintendent. The Washington Slate Quarry was opened about 1869, by Philip Labar. William Bennett is the present superintendent. The Empire Slate Quarry was opened by G R. Labar, who sold it, for $8,500, to F. Hegeman and P. W. Money; they through R. M. Jones, sold it to Leinbach & Wooley, for $26,000, Jan. 3d, 1874. Shortly afterwards, they sold it for $125,000, to ex-Governor Brown of Florida, who now operates the quarry successfully. The Upper Bangor Slate Quarry was opened by W. & J. Bennett, who sold it to Moses M. Jones and William Brown, and it is now owned by M. K & R. M. Jones, S. B. Chase, Rev. James M. Salmon and G. W. Mackey, who are preparing for business under a charter, with a capital stock of $126,000. This, as well as the quarries before mentioned, are within the limits of the Borough of Bangor, which is entirely underlaid to an undefined depth with a quality of roofing and school slate, equal, if not superior to any in this country. There are some eight or nine quarries being worked, adjoining the borough line. The quantity of roofing slate produced at Bangor, is immense; an idea of the great magnitude of this trade, can only be obtained by a personal visit to this borough. The production during 1876, amounted to nearly 80,000 squares, the greater part of which was shipped to England, arid the demand is constantly increasing. There is a large deposit of very fine blue flagging-stone, on farms, of R. M. Jones, which will be developed, and become a great source of income when either of the proposed railroads (the South Mountain or the Martins Creek) are completed. Bangor contains three hotels five grocery and dry goods stores one shoe store one drug store, kept by E. P. Lutz PICTURE OF CENTENNIAL DRUG STORE APPEARS HERE one grist-mill two blacksmith shops one tailor shop six churches a population of about 1,000 inhabitants, the greater portion of whom are engaged in the different branches of the peculiar industry of the place. The mechanics employed in manufacturing slate, are chiefly Welsh and English people, who do honor to their nationalities by their industry and moral conduct. They built, during 1874, four fine churches, viz: First Presbyterian Welsh Presbyterian Welsh Congregational English Methodist Episcopal Church THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Was erected in 1874. It is situated on Second street, near Market. The first pastor was Rev. James H. Salmon. THE WELSH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Is located on First street. It was erected in 1874. Rev. Morgan A. Bills, was its first pastor. Services are conducted in the Welsh language. 225 THE WELSH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH On First and Market streets, was erected in 1874, First pastor, Rev. John Williams. THE ENGLISH METHODIST CHURCH On Third street, near Pennsylvania Avenue, was built in 1874. Rev. Robinson, pastor. There are also one Evangelical and one Mennonite, Church, in Bangor. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. There are five public schools in the borough. The present Board of School Directors, is as follows: S. H. Saeger, President Amos Buzzard, Secretary William H. Snyder, Treasurer B. F. Flory John Wolf Wm. Bennett HOTELS. The Broadway Hotel, corner of Broadway and Main streets, was built by W. H. & Christian Spear, in 1871. PICTURE OF BROADWAY HOTEL APPEARS HERE The first proprietor was S. Anthony; the present landlord is G.A.M. Hower. AMERICAN HOTEL. Was erected in 1869, by Philip Labar, who was the, first landlord. The present proprietor is S. Smith of Bethlehem, N. J. THE BANGOR HOTEL Was purchased by the Bangor Slate Company, in 1866, First landlord, Israel Meninger. The present owner is Joseph Haugh. ODD FELLOWS. Prosperity Lodge, No. 661 -Was instituted April 23d, 1869, with twenty charter members. The first officers were Peter F. Allen, Noble Grand Joseph A. Long, Vice Grand John Long, Secretary Geo W. Heil, Assistant Secretary John Slack, Treasurer. Present number of members, 153; valuation of Lodge property, $2,882,62. The incorporation of Bangor, being of so recent a date, and the events of its short career being so closely interwoven with those of the slate interests of its vicinity, the borough cannot be said to have any history distinct from that of the quarrying enterprise, to which it owes its existence. THE BOROUGH OF BATH. THE Borough of Bath was incorporated February 1st, 1856, and the first election was held oil the twenty-first, of the following March, The first borough officers were, Burgess, James Vleet Members of Council- Andrew Haupt Thomas Moser John Morey Jacob Shinier Samuel Straub; Secretary, Abraham Knecht; High Constable, Benjamin Hunt; Street Commissioner, Daniel Miller; Treasurer, Dr. G. P. Kern James Vleet was appointed Surveyor, and authorized and directed to make a survey and plot of the borough. The Council adopted the Rule of the Borough of Easton for the government of their body. EARLY SETTLERS. Among the early settlers in the, limits and vicinity of the present, Borough of Bath, were John Lattimore John Wind Conrad Pest Joseph Horner John Sterling Mary Lattimore These, with other settlers were here during and before the period of the Revolutionary War, though not until many years later than the planting of the Craig settlement, which was within it short distance of them, to the southwest. John Lattimore was the purchaser of a tract of confiscated land sold by Benjamin Franklin for the Government in 1778 Other early settlers, upon that part of East Allen township where Bath now is, were Jesse Jones - Steckel O. Shimer Joseph Siegfried Jacob Vogel. Jacob Kern, and a Hebrew named First, which latter, established the first store at this point about 1810, being followed by Jacob Vogel, who commenced about 1815, arid Jacob Kern about 1820. The first dwelling house in Bath (according to the recollection of the oldest citizen) was erected by Joseph Siegfried, about the year 1810. A tannery had, however, been established here at, a much earlier date. THE FIRST GRIST-MILL. Was built in 1812, by Joseph Siegfried. It is the same now owned by John Koch. A second one was erected fit 1817, by Jacob Vogel. This property is now owned and carried on by Levi Barber. In 1816 Bath was laid out as a village by James Ralston. It contained at that time not, more than five dwellings, and yet it must have been a place, of some little consideration, as containing two stores, a tannery and a grist-mill, to which were added another mill and store immediately after, as we have seen. In the year 1833, the meeting was called to build a house of worship, At, this meeting it was resolved to erect A UNION CHURCH to be used as a place of worship by the Reformed and Lutheran people. On the twenty-fourth of February, 1833, a meeting was called to elect a building committee, and in May, 1833, a constitution was adopted. The first officers were Daniel Steckel Peter Lichtenwalner Jacob Vogel John Windt Jacob Snyder The church was completed in October, 1834, and named, "Bath Church," on the eleventh and twelfth days of October, 1834, it was consecrated, in 1834. Rev. A. Fuchs was unanimously elected pastor of the Lutheran Congregation. April 5th, 1835, Father Fuchs entered upon his duties as pastor, the congregation numbering thirteen communicant members. He continued pastor up to May, 1875, when, on account of feeble health, he resigned. During the forty years of his ministration, the congregation, which had been so small when he assumed its, charge, had become strong and numerous, and both Lutheran and Reformed thought, it was advisable that, a separation should be made, and each congregation should build its own church. Accordingly, the first meeting of the Lutherans was held November 13th, 1875, at which a committee was appointed to select a suitable site for the erection of a church, and on December 4th, 1875, it was resolved to purchase the property on which their church now stands; and steps were taken to procure a charter, under the name of "St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Bath." The charter and constitution were adopted December 11th, 1875, and a building committee appointed. April 12th, 1876, the contract for the erection of the church building was given to T M. D. Hirst, of Bethlehem. Rev. S. A. Ziegenfuss was unanimously chosen pastor. He entered upon his duties November 5th, 1876. The officers of the church were Joseph Haupt Henry F. Steckel Elders A. Schull J. P. Moser Deacons Samuel Eberts Henry Scholl The basement of the church was consecrated December 10th, 1876. Up to this time the Lutherans had worshiped in the old church. April 21st and 22d, 1877, the main audience-room was consecrated. The size ofthe building is 43 x 71 feet, a brick structure, and the property is estimated at $18,000. The congregation numbers between three, and four hundred members. REFORMED CHURCH. The history of the Reformed Congregation is in common with that of the Luther an until their separation in November, 1876. In June previous to their separation, measurements were taken for the immediate erection of a house of worship, and a committee appointed to solicit aid, who, during the first month, received subscriptions to the amount of $6,000. Upon the evidence of this, encouraging report a building committee., was appointed, who, purchasing a lot on Chestnut street, proceeded immediately to erect a church, and so vigorously was the work prosecuted that in the latter part of June the corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies, conducted by Revs. Smith, Heisler, Leinbach, and others. The church at this date is nearly completed. It is constructed of brick, one-story with basement, at a cost of about $9,000. THE EVANGELICAL Congregation was organized by Rev. S. Rhoads in 1860. Services were held in the Hall of the Sons of Temperance for a number of Years, and the hall was finally bought and used as a place of meeting until 1870. The congregation consisted of forty members, who, determined to build a church edifice, which was done in the year 1870, under the pastoral care of Rev. W. A. Leopold, who served three, Years and was succeeded by the Rev. Lewis Snyder, who was succeeded two years later by the Rev. S. C. Breyfogel, The present pastor is the Rev. George W. Gross. The church has now eighty-seven members and a flourishing Sunday-school. 226 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The building occupied by this denomination is a brick edifice, erected in 1870. Size, 36 x 60 feet, one-story with a basement, cost estimated at $9,000. The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies in the spring of 1870, and the building was consecrated in November, 1870, by Rev. Mr. James. Previous to this the congregation met in the old Bath Church. The building committee were James Vleet Hugh Horner THE UNION SCHOOL HOUSE. Is the only building in the borough which is used for educational purposes. Its rooms and accommodations the ample for the present school necessities of the town. INDUSTRIAL. The Bath tannery is the direct successor of the old establishment started here before the Revolution. It is now carried on by William Badder. There are two marble works in Bath; one, carried on by Rhoads & Michael, located on Chestnut street; and the other, by Daniel F. Reinhardt, on Main street. The carriage manufactories are those of C. Haupt, on Chestnut street; and of Rohrer & Crock, on Main street. A foundry was established, in 1852, by Levi Barber, at the mill which was built by Jacob Vogel in 1817, and a second foundry was started, in 1872, by Barber, Knouse & Smock. A furniture manufactory is operated by Josiah Bartholomew, on Main street. STORES. There are, three general stores in the borough, namely, those of James W. Heller and Reuben Schuman, on Chestnut street, and Henry Scholl, on Union street. The other merchants of the place are Thomas Moser & Son, dealers in hardware, corner Main and Chestnut streets George P. Kern & Son, drugs, on Main street John H. Blair and Charles Beers, both dealers in stoves and tinware, Main street James P. Snyder, hats and caps, corner of Main and Walnut streets THE UNION SAVINGS BANK OF EAST PENNNSYLVANIA Is located at Bath. Charter granted, March 1st, 1870. Incorporators met at Bethlehem, March 26th, 1870, and elected the following trustees Henry Scholl John Mory David Engelman Samuel Straub A. J. Erwin J. H. Scholl William Chapman. And adjourned, to meet at Bath; April 9th upon which day they met and elected William Chapman as President, and Henry Scholl Vice-president; whereupon they adjourned, to meet again on the twenty-third day of April. Upon said day they met and elected Thomas H. Seem as Cashier, and opened for business, June 1st, 1870. Authorized capital, $100,000. The stockholders are personally responsible to the deposit for double the amount of the capital stock. The bank has been doing very successful business ever since. The present trustees are: William Chapman A. W. Lerch John Mory Dr. David Engelman John H. Odenwelder Henry Scholl H. B. Fish, President William Chapman; Vice President A. W. Lerch; Cashier Thomas H. Seem HOTELS. THE BATH HOTEL. Hotel, owned by Harry Gurnett, and kept by John Frey. This was erected by Jacob Vogel, in 18217. Its first landlord was - Hurst, THE AMERICAN HOUSE. The American Home, kept at present by William Koch, was erected in 1847, by Jacob Vogel, and first conducted by John Stein. THE SLATE EXCHANGE. The Slate Exchange was erected in 1857, by Samuel Straub, and is now kept by John Beaver. PROFESSIONS. There is but one attorney in the borough, viz,: S. S. Duffy, Esq. The physicians are: Dr. G. P. Kern Dr. Palmer M. Kern Dr. W. H. Seip Dr. G. T. Fox MASONIC. Manoquesy Lodge, No. 413 -Established June 4th, 1868 KNIGHT OF PYTHTIAS. Bath Lodge, No. 240 -Chartered February 16th. 1860. Established February l7th, 1860. ORDER UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS. Bath Council, No. 174-Chartered and established October 31st, 1868. Bath Council, No. 73, Junior O. U. A. M.-Chartered and established November 11th, 1875 MECHANIC HALL. Was erected in 1847, on present location, Main street. CASTLE HALL Is the old "Bath Church " converted, and named as above, by the Knights of Pythias. BOROUGH OFFICIALS. Burgess, Charles Haupt Members of Borough Council- Charles Beers, President Peter F. Snyder Josiah Bartholomew John Reigel John Mory James Moser, Secretary Henry Schull, Treasurer High Constable, Geo. Siegfried Supervisor, William Warman Solicitor, S. S. Duffy Board of Health- Dr. G. P. Kern P. F. Snyder Moses George School Directors- John R. Warman W. Rohn Abraham Rohr Dr. G. P. Kern Stephen Barber James W. Heller Justices of the Peace-John McIlheney, Esq. elected 1875 S. S. Duffy, Esq., elected 1877 The population of the borough in 1870 was seven hundred and seven. THE BOROUGH OF FREEEMANSBURG. THE Borough of Freemansburg was incorporated January 24th, 1856, and the first borough election was held on the twenty-first of the following March. Following are the names of the first officers: Chief Burgess, George Bachman Members of Council (sworn into office March 29th, 1856)- William Gwinner, President Amos Seip John Warg Thomas Doney, R. O. Lerch. Henry Schweitzer, Town Clerk John Warg, Borough Treasurer John A. Gross, Street Supervisor Owen Weaver, High Constable The salary of the Town Clerk was fixed at ten dollars per annum; that of the High Constable was twenty-five dollars per annum, and he was required to give bond to the amount of three hundred dollars. The bond of the Borough Treasurer was fixed at $1,000. At the meeting of the Council, it was voted to adopt the rules of the Borough Council of Easton; and, on the thirtieth of August the, first borough tax was levied-$455,32. In the meantime (June l4th, 1356), George Hess had been appointed and directed to make a draft of the new borough. EARLY SETTLERS. Among the very earliest settlers within the present bounds of Freemansburg, were the Bachmans, descendants of whom are still living here. They are supposed to have settled here at least as early as 1760. At the extreme western end of the town there is still standing (owned by the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad Company), an old stone building, which was erected in the ancient time by Peter Bachman, and by him kept as a tavern. It is related that while this old house was building, the Indians made several attempts, from the opposite side of the river, to shoot the stone masons, at their work. There is no doubt that there were one or two log houses built there before this one of stone but this, it is probable, was the first building which could be considered as of much pretension or importance. A year or two later, there came to the place a Bethlehem Moravian, named Huber, who erected a saw-mill. At what is now the north end of the borough; and thus had been taken two very important steps towards the founding of a town-the establishment of a saw-mill, and the opening of a tavern. A distillery was also built by Huber, about that time. The mill built by him was afterwards successively used as a plaster-mill and a wool-carding mill, and probably for other purposes. The mill upon that site at the present time is owned by Mr. John E. Geisinger. At about the same time that the Bachmans came, Richard Freeman (the ancestor of the Freeman family from whom the town derived its name), settled on the south side of the river, and lower down, towards Redington. He came from England some years before, and first settled near Allentown. On removing here, he took up lands on both sides of the river, but chiefly on the south side, and none within the present limits of the town. Upon his death, however (about 1790), his son, Edward, purchased lands in what is now the Borough of Freemansburg; while the other son Isaac settled upon the old homestead, in Saucon. Jacob Freeman, who years afterwards was prominent in the affairs of the little town, was the grandson of Richard, In 1790, George Bachman, then living at Hellertown, sold his farm at that place, and removed to Freemansburg. 227 THE FIRST GRIST-MILL. At this place was, built in 1811, by George Butz, The millwright he employed on the work was John Freed. The mill is still standing, and is in good condition. In 1814, Henry Jarrett came here from the present territory of Lehigh county, and, in 1816, he built THE FIRST BRIDGE, across the Lehigh at Freemansburg. Previous to this, the travel had crossed the river by Curries Ferry, which was located some two or three hundred yards above the site, of the bridge, and which is mentioned in the history of Lower Saucon township. The bridge was a temporary wooden structure, which lasted until 1825; when, being crossed by Daniel Schnable, with a four-horse team and loaded wagon, it gave way, and all were precipitated into the river; being rescued with considerable difficulty. The rebuilding of the bridge was commenced the same year, by Shouse & Son, and completed in 1826, This bridge was also constructed of wood. The carpenters who worked upon it were all from Luzerne county. Reuben Miller was mason tender, and is the only survivor of all who worked upon it during its construction. In 1817, Dr. Rothrock removed hither from Bucks. He was the first physician that settled at this place. In 1825, the first store was established by Levi Budder, who was also a physician. The little hamlet began to assume some distant approach towards the dignity of a town, when in the year 1830, just after the opening of the canal, a second tavern, a house of considerable pretensions, was built by Jacob Freeman, in honor of whom, the settlement gradually took the name of Freemansburg. This, and thhe house built the same year, and now occupied by J. Lynn, were the two first houses which were built on the flats. In the next year, 1831, the mercantile business was opened by Thomas & Bellows, who continued in it until 1836, when they became bankrupt. About the year 1836-37, there were two other stores located here, one by Leeser, and the other by Jacob Ginsinger. The old Bachman firm commenced the mercantile business, about 1838. The business of boat building was carried on quite extensively at Freemansburg, some thirty to forty years ago, and at that time furnished employment to a large number of men; but at present, little is done in that line. THE FIRST BOAT YARD. Was established by G. & A. Bachman, in 1838, Immediately after, a second was started by Warg & Luckenbach; these are both now in disuse. A third yard was commenced in 1840, by A. Cortright, and is still to some extent, in operation. It is now owned and carried on by J. Bougher. THE FIRST SCHOOL HOUSE. In Freemansburg, was built in the year 1838. This was changed into a dwelling house, about 1856. Before the building of this, however, a school, maintained by subscription, had been opened by Isaac Gross, in Peter Warps carpenter shop. Reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic, were taught. The opening of the railroads, first the Lehigh Val1ey, on the opposite side of the river, and afterwards, the Lehigh and Susquehanna, through the town, did for Freemansburg, just what they did, in greater or less degree, for all the towns in the Lehigh River valley, viz: advanced it very materially on the way towards increase and prosperity, and it is now a place of considerable life, and enterprise. The population of the borough, according to the census of 1870, was then six hundred and forty-three. It is now estimated by the citizens, at more than 1,000. The present borough officers eleected February 20th, 1877, are: Chief Burgess, J. A. Geisinger Members of Council- J. B. Geehr I. H. Laubach B. F. Ritter D. Dougherty A. N. Clewell Charles Beiler P. A. Fritchman, Secretary F. H. Wildrick, Treasurer B. F. Ritter, Second Burgess, C. Moser, High Constable Theodore Robison, Borough Surveyor The business men of the place are: P. S. Bachman & Co, successor- of the Bachman firm (established in 1838, and their store and warehouse, built by Jacob Freeman, in 1840-42) J. W. King (who is also Postmaster) B. F. Ritter and Irvin Totter, merchants Louis Steinbach, boots and shoes Chester L. Gross, drugs L. Steckel, saddlery A. C. King B. F. Ritter and Bachman & Co., coal Joseph Lynn, lime J. M. Frank, bakery The physicians of the town, are Dr. C L. Gross Dr. E. Freeman Dr. George W. Freeman MANUFACTURES, MILLS, ETC. Northampton Furnace, located at Freemansburg; office, South Bethlehem. Built and owned by the Northampton Iron Company-was commenced in the spring of 1872, and "blown in," July 18th, 1873-cost about $160,000. Capacity about 10,000 tons per annum, now leased to the Bethlehem Iron Company, John Knecht, President Robert Lockart, Treasurer R. M. Gummere, Secretary The Lehigh Valley Manufacturing Companys Building, was erected in 1867, by Bachman & Clewell, who still continue in the of family and toilet, soaps, candles, etc. Since their commencement, the firm title has been changed three times, the present being as above. Five members now compose the company, Their business is through Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The Machine-Shop of Martin Weaver, was established in 1875. A Carriage Manufactory was established in 1850, by G. & A. Bachman. It is now owned and carried on, by Isaac H. Laubach; manufactures carriages, spring Wagons and sleighs; employs seven hands. Grist-Mill-There are two grist mills-both brick structures-located at the extreme north end of the town; one called the Lehigh Mill, standing between the river and the canal, is owned by Mrs. A. H. Lynn. The other on or very near the site of the old Huber mill, before mentioned. This was built in 1871, by J. A. Geisinger. It is a three-story structure of brick and stone, contains three run of burrs, 54 inches in diameter; and all machinery necessary for flouring. HOTELS. The Freemansburg Hotel, is now owned by Mrs. Field, of Easton. It was built its before noticed, by Jacob Freeman, in 1830. The Swan House erected by J. Geisinger, about 1850, and is now owned by F. Geisinger. BRIDGE. The bridge across the Lehigh, at Freemansburg, is the successor of the old bridge built by Henry Jarret, in 1814. That old structure was a foot-bridge only; it was sold at private sale, to Jacob Freeman, in 1827. Freemman sold it in 1837, to Benjamin Riegel and Abraham Shimer. In the flood of 1841 it was washed away, but rebuilt in the same year, by Reigel & Shimer. In the great, flood of 1862, it was again carried away, but rebuilt during the same summer. The STATION HOUSE of the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, at Freemansburg, was erected by the company in 1870. Previous to this, they had no building for station-house purposes in the borough. ORDERS. Cradle of Liberty Lodge Council, No. 124, O. U. A. M. -Was chartered April 21st, 1851. Unity Division, No. 99, Sons of Temperance. -Chartered Jan. 15th, 1862. Hildah Lodge, No. 364, Knights of Pythias. -Chartered June 3d, 1872 The hall of the O. U. A. M., is a three-story brick structure, erected in 1871, by Knech and Oberly. CHURCHES. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH Was formally organized by the adoption of the first constitution and election of officers, on the eleventh of November, 1859. Previous to that time the residents of the place had erected a building for the purpose of holding divine services. A marble tablet, inserted in the front wall, bore, this inscription, "The Communion Church of Freemansburg, erected, 1843." In this church the Lutheran, Reformed, and Moravian ministers, were permitted to preach. The Moravian ministers of Bethlehem had, previous to the erection of this building, been holding services to the village school-house near by. After the erection of this building, Rev. Gen. Diehl of Easton, and Rev. C. F. Welden of Bethlehem and Rev. John C. Schmidt, ministered to the Lutherans, April 1st, 1856, Rev. E. Greenwald, D.D., the present President of the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania and adjacent States, supplied the people from Easton, untiLtbey regularly organized themselves into a congregation by the adoption of a constitution and the election of officers, November 11th, 1859, when he became the pastor, and continued to serve until his removal from Easton, April 14th, 1867. The original members who signed the constitution number sixty-one. 228 The first officers, were elected January 2d, 1860, as follows : Elders Leonard Schweitzer Richard Freeman Deacons Levi Freeman John S. Jones Treasurer George Shimer Secretary Wm. Gwinner April 14th, 1867, Rev. J. B. Rath, of Bethlehem, took charge of the congregation and served them till October 1st, 1870. January 1st, 1871, Rev. C. J. Cooper, of South Bethlehem, was elected pastor, who has continued to serve in that capacity up to the present time. In 1875, the Lutheran and Reformed congregations, occupying the first building, decided to demolish it and build a new church. The corner-stone of this new building was laid on Whit-Sunday, 1875. The basement was opened during the fall of the same year, and on Whit-Sunday and Monday, 1876, the church was consecrated. The present membership numbers about two hundred. The church property is owned jointly by the Lutherans and Reformed, and is estimated at about $15,000. REFORMED CONGREGATION. The time of the formal organization of the congregation, and the names of the first officers, are not definitely noted in any record of the church, but the Holy Communion was celebrated for the first time on Sunday, December 1st,1850, Previous to that time, however, a church edifice 30 x 50 feet was erected, the corner-stone of which was laid October 11th, 1846. Still earlier than this, the people of the town, Reformed, Lutheran, and Moravians, were accustomed to worship in a school-house. The church, built in 1846, was used by the Reformed and Lutheran Congregations until Easter Sunday, March 28th, 1875, on which day the Reformed congregation celebrated the Lords Supper. The old church was taken down and on the same site a fine, new brick edifice, 42 x 70 feet, was erected during the summer of 1875, the corner-stone of which was laid with appropriate services on Whit-Sunday, May 16th, 1875. The consecration of the church took place the following year on Whit-Sunday, June 4th, 1876. The property is owned in common by the Reformed and Lutheran congregations. The Reformed Congregation, which, in earlier years, was served by different pastors, was vacant for a long period and had almost lost its identify, when the Rev W. R. Hoffard, of Allentown, became its pastor about the year 1864. From that time the congregation has had a steady growth in membership and efficiency, Rev. W. & Hoffard served the congregation for a period of eight years, when he was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. A. Z. Snyder. The congregation now number, about one hundred and sixty members. The Lords Supper is allowed four times a year. Annually a class of catechumens is instructed. Church festivals are allowed, and the gospel is preached every alternate Sunday, and sometimes during the week. The congregations, in common with the Lutheran Congregation, have a large and flourishing Sunday-school with a good Sunday-school literature. ZION'S CHURCH Of the Evangelical Association was organized by the Rev. Daniel Wieand, which consisted of four members, viz: W. H. Bachman Jacob Best George Miller Mrs. George Miller Their meetings were then held in the warehouse of Jacob Geisinger; and were continued there and in private houses until late in the year 1849, when they rented rooms from Margaret Laubach, which were converted into one, by folding doors and here preaching was continued until the completion of the church building. In the fall of 1851, a meeting presided over by Rev. Henry Buchs, resolved that a church be erected the next year, provided sufficient encouragement be received to hazard the undertaking; and a building committee was appointed to open subscriptions, and if successful, to buy a lot and proceed with the erection of a church the next year. The amount thus raised, during the fall and winter, was about $800, which was considered sufficient to warrant the undertaking, a lot was bought on Monroe street, west of the railroad, on which was erected a brick structure, 34 x 44 feet, one-story with basement, in a, plain but substantial manner. The corner-stone was laid on Whit-Sunday, 1852. The ceremonies were conducted by Rev. Frederick Krecker, assisted by Rev. Henry Stetzel and others. It was consecrated in the fall of 1852 with appropriate ceremonies. From its small beginnings, the membership had increased to thirty-five at the completion of the church. Subsequently to this, this community was supplied with different preachers, according to the ritual of the church, and was connected with different other communities or circuits until the year 1869, when the membership had so increased that it was thought practicable by the members of the Annual Conference to detach this community from Pleasant Valley Circuit and convert it into a self-supporting charge, which was done by said Annual Conference, which met on the twenty-fourth, day of February, 1869, in Philadelphia, Pa., when Rev. J. C. Bliem was stationed here, who remained one year, and was succeeded by Rev. S. B. Brown, who was removed after the full term of three years had expired Rev. W, A. Leopold followed next, remained two years and was succeeded by Rev. L. Snyder, who had charge of this community one year, and was followed by Rev. J. K. Fehr, the present pastor. The membership at present numbers about one hundred and fifty. A Sunday-school was organized in the spring of 1853, consisting of thirty members, and superintended by W H. Bachman. At present there are enrolled one hundred and fifty-one scholars; twenty-five teachers and officers The school is in a prosperous condition under the superintendency of Bro. C. Bieler. THE BOROUGH OF GLENDON. GLENDON originally formed a part of Williams township, and was incorporated a borough on the eighteenth of December 1867. The first Chief Burgess was James Morrison, appointed by the Court. The first borough election was held at the house of James Morrison, on the third of June 1868. The Judge of Election was Reuben I. Richards; inspectors, John Best and James Mowry. The first Town Clerk was J. U. Bachman, who still holds the office. The principal, and in fact about the only industry of the place, is the Glendon Iron Works, the establishment of which was the first cause of the town's existence. The first experimental furnace was built in 1843, for Charles Jackson, Jr., of Boston, by William Firmstone, and named by him "Glendon." It was built of common red brick, was circular in plan, thirty feet diameter at base, forty feet high, with four piers, and four gothic arches. Slope of outside was one and one-half inches per foot, and the overhang of the brick at tunnel-head, was twenty-four feet diameter. The internal diameter was ten feet at boshes and six feet at tunnel-head, which last was surmounted by a tunnel-head chimney fifteen feet high, in which were four openings for filling the furnace. The brick-work of the stack was bound with iron-hoops four inches wide and one and a half inches thick, eighteen inches apart, commencing at the top of the arches, and extending. to the tunnel-head. Below the arches, bars of iron, two inches, ran through the piers of the furnace, with cast washers, inside and out, and keys. The hearth was of stone, four feet square; the boshes and lining were of Watsons fire-brick, from Perth Amboy. The furnace was blown by two water-wheels, each fifteen feet diameter and nineteen feet buckets, which drove two horizontal blast-cylinder-, made at the Novelty Works, New York, each sixty-two inches diameter and eight-foot stroke. The pressure of blast was four pounds per square inch; temperature of blast six hundred to six hundred and fifty Fahr., supplying three tuyeres, each two and one-half inches diameter. The fuel was anthracite, from the mines of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. The iron-ore was three-fourths limonite, mined in the neighborhood of the furnace, and one-fourth magnetite, from the Byram Mine, Morris county, New Jersey. The furnace produced about sixty tons per week of Foundry Pig-iron. This experiment being satisfactory, a larger furnace was erected in October, 1844, also of red brick, and circular; thirty-three, feet diameter at the base forty-five feet high, fourteen feet diameter at the bushes, and eight feet diameter at the tunnel-bead, with five gothic arches. This furnace was also driven by water-power, obtained from the Lehigh Canal. The furnace produced one hundred and twenty tons of pig-iron per week, part of which was used for puddling purposes. The iron-ore used, was one-third magnetite, from the Dickerson Mine, in Morris county, New Jersey, arid two thirds limonite, from the vicinity of the furnaces. The limestone used for flux, was brought by canal from Lehigh county. That which is now used is from a quarry about half a mile from the works. A third furnace was built in 1849, forty-five feet high, circular in plan thirty-three feet diameter at base with six gothic arches; sixteen feet diameter in the boshes and eight feet tunnel-head. At the same time was erected a pair of direct-acting vertical blast-engines, eight-foot stroke, thirty inch steam-cylinder, and seventy- six inch blast-cylinder, built by J. P. Morris & Co., Philadelphia, the steam being supplied by boilers heated by the furnace gases. 229 In 1850, the old experimental furnace (No. 1) was pulled down and another erected in its stead, fifty feet high, circular in plan, thirty-three feet diameter at base, eighteen feet diameter in the ten feet tunnel-head, and six gothic arches. Diameter of hearth six feet and with five tuyeres. In 1853, another furnace was purchased by R. B. Thomas, at, South Easton, All these, furnaces produced about 34,200 tons of pig-iron per year with the hot-blast, principally, for puddling purposes. The "Glendon " brand having a high reputation for such purposes, which reputation it has sustained up to the present time. The capacities of the furnaces, were as follows No. 1. 6,600 cubic feet No. 2. 4,500 cubic feet No. 3. 5,000 cubic feet No. 4. 4,500 cubic feet Another furnace, called No. 5, was built in 1868. It was of red brick, circular in plan, seventy-two feet, high, forty feet outside diameter at base, with eight brick piers, supporting eight gothic arches, eighteen feet diameter in the boshes, and ten feet diameter at the tunnel-head with six filling places, hearth eight feet, and with seven tuyeres. A vertical direct-acting blast-engine, made by Merrick & Sons, of Philadelphia, was erected. Its stroke was eight feet, and cylinder thirty-six inches; blowing-cylinder eighty-four inches. The blast-pipe, leading to the hot blast ovens, was five feet, diameter. This furnace was blown in, in January 1869, and averaged during the first blast two hundred and ninety-five tons of pig-iron per week. In 1871, this furnace was changed from open-top to closed-top, by the use of bell and hopper, and all the other furnaces at Glendon were subsequently changed from open-top to closed-top (that at South Easton remaining open-topped. In 1872, when all the furnaces were, in blast, they made, with anthracite, from an ore-mixture of one-fourth limonite, obtained in the vicinity, and three-fourth magnetite from the New Jersey, mines of the company, 58,400 tons of pig-iron -principally "forge." The works were first owned and carried on by Charles Jackson, Jr., alone; afterwards a limited partnership was formed, with Charles Jackson, Jr., as general partner, and the business was carried on under it, until 1862, when The Glendon Iron Company" was incorporated, and by which the Glendon Iron Works are now carried on and operated. The capital stock of the company is $1,000,000-held by about one hundred and forty stockholder. The first President was J. G. Fell, of Philadelphia the second President was Francis C. Lowell, of Boston the present President is John A. Lowell, of Boston the first Treasurer was Charles Jackson, Jr., of Boston the present Treasurer is Thomas J. Bouve, of Boston. The number of men employed at the works, when in full operation, is about two hundred and fifty. These works have been under the general management of William Firmstone, from their commencement until the present time. The canal is fed, and the water-power, both at Glendon and at South Easton, furnished by the head-water created by the dam across the Lehigh,a short distance above Glendon, known as the "Chain Dam." The head of water created by it is about twelve feet. The first bridge across the Lehigh, at the Glendon Iron Works, was built in 1855, at a cost, of $12,000. The Bests, Hays, and other pioneers of Williams township, were the original settlers, and owners of the fund in and about Glendon. It is so recently that the borough commenced its existence, and ceased to be a part of the old township, that, it has little or no history pertaining to it, except, the history of the Iron Works. Nearly all the male residents of the place, are directly or indirectly engaged in that, industry. The workmen's houses are well built and comfortable and in many instances neatly and tastefully arranged yards and gardens are attached to them. The dwellings of the resident, officers of the company, are tasteful and elegant. Glendon has no post office, but, is supplied with mail facilities by the carrier-systems of the Easton post-office. The population of the borough, in the census, of 1870, was seven hundred and seven. It probably exceeds 1,000 at the present time. THE BOROUGH OF CHAPMAN. THE borough of Chapman is located on the west branch of Monocacy Creek, in the southern part of the territory of Moore township. Its borough existence has been but brief, the incorporation having been effected in the year 1865. The population of the borough, in the census of 1870, was three hundred and eighty-eight. It now contains two churches a post-office one store one hotel one school-house a machine-shop owned by J. Henwood the offices and shops of the slate companies about sixty dwellings Of these dwellings, a great part are owned by the Chapman Slate Company; and these are rented to their workmen. Others are owned by the workmen themselves. A fine and substantial residence is owned and occupied by Richard Chapman, Esq., the Superintendent of the quarries. At the laying out of the town the land was owned entirely by the company, who name it a condition of the sale of each lot, that no malt, vinous, or spirituous liquors should ever be sold on the premises. This condition has thus far been strictly observed, and its salutary effect on the metals and prosperity of the place, is very noticeable. The inhabitants, almost without exception, are those who are directly or indirectly engaged in that great industry, which first brought into existence, and still sustains, the town; and as a consequence, the history of the borough is fully embraced and comprehended, in the history of THE CHAPMAN SLATE QUARRY. These are to-day the most noted, its well as the best and most extensively worked slate quarries in America. Their management has been brought to a stage of great perfection, and the excellence of the slate produced is such as to commend them to the favorable notice, not only of American, but also of European purchasers and consumers. The master-spirit in the opening of these quarries, in perfecting their management, and in raising the quantity, quality, and general reputation of their product, is WILLIAM CHAPMAN, a gentlemen of Cornish extraction, whose father was a soldier under the Iron Duke, and fought with him at Waterloo; and it was near that bloody field that William Chapman was born, in the year 1816; his mother having gone thither to nurse her husband, after the battle, and remained there for many months. Mr. Chapman-who was a practical slater-emigrated to America, and settled in Northampton county in 1842. The quarries were opened and worked in 1850, but it was not until March 29th, 1864, that the company was incorporated by special Act of the Legislature. The corporators were: William Chapman Richard Chapman George W. Walton Augustus Wolle Charles. Brodhead. On the eighteenth day of April, 1864, Mr. Chapman was elected President Charles Brodhead, Secretary George W. Walton, Treasurer In 1865 Directors William Chapman Augustus Wolle William J. Curler Robert H. Sayre Charles Brodhead William Chapman was elected President and Treasurer Charles Brodhead, Secretary. This Board continued in office, until 1867, when James S. Mason and E. M. Clymer were elected in place of Charles Brodhead and Augustus Wolle, resigned, William Cuner was elected Secretary. January 7th, 1867, the capital stock was increased to $400,000. In 1868, A G. Brodhead was elected Director, vice D. M. Clymer, resigned. The other directors and officer, were re-elected. In 1869, C. H. Dickerman was elected a Director, vice Robert H. Sayre, resigned. The old officers were re-elected May 24th, 1869 C. H. Dickerman was appointed Secretary vice, William J. Cuner, resigned. January 10th. 1871, Samuel Seem was elected a Director, vice William J. Caer, resigned January 12th, 1875, John Brown was elected Director, in place of Samuel Seem, resigned. January 11th, 1876, a Board, consisting of William Chapman, H S. Paul, C. H. Dickerman, S. A. Bisfuram, and John Brown, was elected; and again elected in 1877. The officers continue the same since, 1869. Richard Chapman was appointed Superintendent in 1870, and continues in that office to the present time. Since the incorporation of the company in 1864, there have been produced and sold 370,507 45-100ths squares of roofing slate. The value of the production was, for the same time, $2,293,365.36 -being an average yearly production of 28,500 57-100ths squares, at an average value of $176,412.72. Dividends amounting to ninety-two per cent. of the capital stock have been declared and paid, and a surplus of $138,640.16 accumulated. There are now about two hundred and twenty-five men employed. The machinery of the company is estimated to be worth $63,185.97; consisting of stationary engines, boilers, derricks. etc. The company erected, in 1876, a factory for sawing, planing, and manufacturing their material into billiard, bagatelle, table, and counter tops; cisterns, mantels, lintels, blackboards, window sills, copings, stairways, floor tiles, ridge poles, flagging, etc. Their investment in this new branch of business was $40,000. 230 THE KEYSTONE SLATE QUARRIES Are also located in the borough. Their operations are similar to, but far less extensive than, those of the Chapman Company. The total travel and freight of the borough and quarries passes over THE LEHIGH AND LACKAWANNA RAILROAD. This road, which is completed and running to the Chapman quarries-graded to the Wind Gap, ten miles beyond Chapman-and whose objective point is Stroudsburg, on the Delaware. Lackawanna and Western Railroad, was incorporated on the first day of May 1861, under the title of the "Bethlehem Railroad Company," with the right to construct a railroad from Bethlehem to Bath, the iron ore and limestone along the proposed line being the chief inducement to its construction. Hon. Charles Brodhead, of Bethlehem, was the projector of the enterprise; its first President, and the person who finally succeeded in completing the portion which is now in operation. Sections of the road were graded in 1862 and 1864, but there being no railroad on the north side of the Lehigh, no other companies could be induced to give aid to the enterprise. In 1864, the slate interests of Northampton county began to become of great importance. In that year, the Chapman Slate Company was organized by Messrs. William Chapman, Augustus Wolle, and Charles Brodhead. The immense product of this quarry made a railroad almost a necessity, and the charter ofthe Bethlehem Railroad Company was so amended as to authorize the extension of the road to Stroudsburg, and the name was changed to "The Lehigh and Lackawanna Railroad Company," by supplement, dated April 8th, 1864. In the fall of 1866, Mr. Brodhead succeeded in making an arrangement with the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company by which that company agreed to advance the moneys necessary to complete the railroad to the Chapman quarries, and under that arrangement, the road was finished; and the first train ran through to Bath on Thanksgiving Day, 1867. The road is now operated by the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, under a lease. While the road has not been profitable to the stockholders of the company, it has been of inestimable value to the section of the country which it traverses, and a great convenience to the residents, of the central portion of Northampton, by reason of the facilities it affords for reaching New York, Philadelphia, and the county-seat. Several new slate quarries have been opened in the neighborhood of the Chapman quarry, and a number of iron-ore mines, lately opened along the line, are regularly bringing all annual increase of freight to the business ofthe company. The survey of the South Mountain and Boston Railroad line intersects the Lehigh and Lackawanna road about two miles above the present terminus; and when the same shall be completed, the Lehigh and Lackawanna Road will have connections west and north, which will add largely to its business. The present officers of the company are Charles Brodhead, President S. Shepperd, Secretary and Treasurer E. W. Clark E. L. Cope John Leisering Augustus Wolle BOROUGH OF PORTLAND. THE Borough of Portland located on the Delaware River, in the eastern part of the township of Upper Mount Bethel, was incorporated a borough, October 21st, 1876. The first election resulted in the choice of the following officers, namely: Burgess, William Fox Members of Council- John Lamb Hugh Williams Philip Datesman John Ott P. A. Frutchy S. O Cortelyou School Directors S.L. Weidman Jer. Reimer S. Hagerman Joseph Wise S. L Flint John F. Rader Constable, Enoch Frutchy Assessor, Reuben Wise Auditors- T. J. Mends P. J. Ott George E. Labar was appointed Judge of Election William Kappel and H. L. Brands, Inspectors Justices of the Peace- William L. Bowman and Jesse Pearson Having been but a few months organized, the Borough of Portland has no history distinct from that of Upper Mount Bethel township, of which it was originally a part. THE BOROUGH OF HELLERTOWN. By J. S. HESS, ESQ. HELLERTOWN is a thriving village, situated in the centre of Lower Saucon township, in the rich and fertile Saucon valley, on the right bank of the Saucon Creek, on the eastern side of the North Pennsylvania Railroad, of which it is an important station. It was incorporated as a borough by the January Court in 1872, after considerable opposition on the part of some of the old citizens. The first election resulted in the choice of the following officers Chief Burgess, Thos. R. Laubach Town Council- Charles Wagner J. B. Leith C. J. Weierbach Moses Henninger W. F. Detwiller T. S. Eisenhart Justice of the Peace, P. B. Lerch. THE ORIGINAL SETTLERS. In or near Hellertown were Christopher and Simon Heller two brothers, Palatines, who came across the ocean in the ship "Winter Galley," from Rotterdam, and arrived September 5th, 1738. Christopher obtained the patent for his land September 8th, 1742, and Simon received his patent October 14th, 1746. There is reason to believe that they were, descendants of a Michael Heller, as that is a favorite name with the family. In 1800, we find three of that name in Hellertown, who were distinguished as "Oehlig" Mike "Knicke" Mike "Heffner" Mike, because the first was engaged in the manufacture of linseed-oil, the second lived close by the Saucon Creek, and the third was a potter. Two of these had sons by the name of Michael, who were known as " Knicke" Mikes Mike and " Oehlig" Mikes Mike. The family of the same name living in Hellertown, now, the widow of C. B. Heller, and her son, Dr. H. Heller, are not lineal descendants of either of the original settlers. Anthony Boehm, the son of Rev. John Philip Boehm, who came to this country about 1720, built what is the oldest house still standing in Hellertown. It is the property of John A. Geisinger, The Schaeffers and the M'Hoses were early residents of the town. The village, has, from its earliest days, been noted for LITIGATION. The civil court is rarely without a case from Hellertown, even at the present day. The criminal court is happily less often appealed to. It is related that, at the beginning of the present century, when Samuel Sitgreaves, a high-toned gentleman, was at the head of the Easton bar, two Schaeffers of Hellertown had a suit at court. S. Sitgreaves, Esq., was employed by one of them, who stated that he could prove his claim by three witnesses. When they came to court the first witness testified to the opposite of what had been promised, the second witness corroborated the testimony of the first. This was too much for such an honorable man of the old school as Sitgreaves. He arose from his seat in court, put his bag under his arm, and addressed the court as follows: "Your honor, my client has deceived me woefully, I am his attorney no longer," and left the room. In 1820 the town contained thirteen houses eighteen families three taverns two stores one grist-mill seventy-three inhabitants. There was a linseed-oil manufactory in the place the early part of the century, which afterwards burned down. A distillery was also among the early industrial interests of the town. For many years the growth of the place was slow. SCHOOL Matters were not neglected in the village, although no separate school building was erected until 1845, when John Reutzheimer presented a lot for that purpose, alongside of the brook, in the centre of the town. Previous to that a room was let from one or the other of the citizens for educational purposes. School was taught in no less than six of the thirteen houses constituting Hellertown, in 1820. As soon as the place was incorporated the school was divided into primary and grammar schools. The school term at present is eight months, and the salaries are fifty-five and thirty dollars per month. A TANNERY Was started between 1780 and 1790, which continued in operation until 1872, when the old tannery passed out of the hands of Joseph F Landis into those of Dr. W. F. Detwiller. The completion of the NORTH PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD Through this place, in 1856, gave a new impetus to business. Rudolphus Kent, of Gwynedd, with others from Philadelphia, bought the Geisinger farm, laid it out in town lots, secured the railroad station on their tract, and called the new town Hampton. This real estate enterprise proved a failure, only one house having been built on it for many years. The station had originally been promised to the other end of town, on lands of Rev. Samuel Hess, and hence no interest was taken by the old citizens in the town that was to supplant the old place and name. A number of buildings were erected in that part of the town where the station was originally intended to be. Hampton was finally abandoned, and the land resold to the original owner, John Geisinger. For many years, a small frame shanty was used as a station-house. In 1868, a large, convenient brick building, was erected by the railroad company. 231 COAL YARDS. A coal yard was started by Joseph F. Boyer, the railroad agent, soon after the completion of the road, who continued in business until 1868, when Jer. S. Hess, started a coal and lumber yard, in the southern portion of the town, where the business is still carried on by Hess & Roth, who also have charge of the BRICK YARD started by Rev. Samuel Hess, in 1849. The organization of THE SAUCON IRON COMPANY. In 1866, and the establishment of their works in Hellertown gave a fresh start to the quiet little village, and new buildings were erected in different, parte of the town. In one year, more than twenty new houses were erected. The company was organized (mainly through the influence of Jacob Riegel a native of Saucon, near Hellertown, and a successful and prominent dry goods merchant, of Philadelphia,) on the twenty-first of August, 1866, and was granted letters patent, under the general manufacturing laws of Pennsylvania, by the Governor, August 23d, 1866. On March 18th, 1868, the company obtained a special charter from the Legislature, with an authorized capital of $300,000, with the privilege of increasing the same to S1,000,000. The capital stock has since been increased to $600,000, which is paid in full. The company was organized in August 1866, by the election of Messr. Joseph Wharton Jacob Riegel J. Gillingham Fell Joseph B. Altemus Joshua, Lippincott George W. Whitaker William Riegel Directors of the Company Mr. Geo. W. Whitaker was elected President and Superintendent Mr. Jacob Riegel, Treasurer Mr. James D. Bennett, Secretary Mr. Joseph Diehl, Superintendent of Mines The works of the company, consist of two blast-furnaces, and it number of hematite and magnetic, ore-mines. Under the plan, and immediate Superintendence of Mr. Whitaker-the President and Superintendent-work was at once begun on the first stack, which was completed in February, 1868, and blown-in March 23d, 1868. The Second stack was completed in April 1870, and blown-in May five feet high, and sixteen feet in diameter at the boshes they are iron shells, hoed with brick, and supported by iron columns; the hot-blast ovens and boiler-houses, are built on the top of large stone arches, making them on a level with the tops of the furnaces. The capacity of each stack, is about ten thousand tons of Foundry Pig-iron, per annum. The ores used by this company, are mined by themselves. Hematite, principally in Northampton county, and the remainder in Lehigh county, magnetic ores in Lehigh county, and in Morris county, N. J. When the works are, in full blast, they afford employment to about three hundred and fifty hands. The present officers of the company are Messrs Joseph Wharton Jacob Riegel Joseph R. Whitaker Joseph B. Altemus Joshua Lippincott William RiegelDirector J oseph B. Altemus, President Jacob Riegel, Treasurer Michael Fackenthal, Secretary THE HELLERTOWN FOUNDRY. Now owned by Brown & Co, was started by Samuel Solliday in 1872, and was first run, by horse-power. It changed hands repeatedly, until it, was finally bought by, its present owners, in 1874, who purchased additional machinery and enlarged the building. In 1876 they took a contract from the Light House Board of the United States, to erect the iron superstructure of a light house, to be placed at Fowey Rocks on the Florida coast. They failed to complete the contract within the specified time, and it was taken out of their hands. They gave employment, at, times, to more than forty persons. THE SAUCON SAVING BANK Was organized for business, on the l6th of October 1871. The charter was obtained from the State Legislature, in 1871, and is dated May 10th. The first officers of the institution were: P. B. Breinig, M.D., President Jer. S. Hess, Cashier Directors- P. B. Breinig Thomas R. Laubach William R. Yeager Rev. Samuel Hess Jacob Markle After Dr. Breinig removed from Hellertown, Thomas R. Laubach was elected President, and still occupies the position. The capital stock is $20,000. The deposit, vary from $100,000 to $123,000. The stockholders are individually liable for double the amount of the capital stock. A PLANING-MILL Was begun on a small scale, in 1874, by Jacob Hames. In 1875, Messrs. March and Kreider, built, a new mill, adding improved machinery, and the business is now successfully carried on by Kreidler & Co. A FURNITURE MANUFACTORY With a Baxter engine and all the necessary machinery, was started by F. L. Reilman, in 1875. Previous to that, the furniture business was carried on by the same gentleman, but the work was made by hand, or purchased from the city manufacturers. THE HELLERTOWN FLOUR-MILL Is situated just outside the borough limits, and belongs to J. & J. Wagner. In 1875, the building was re-modeled, and turbine water-wheel with other improved machinery, put in. The first notice we find of this mill is in a deed of Thomas and Richard Penn, to Blasius Beyer, Dec 13th, 1867, in which it is called Beyers mill-seat. He deeded it to Joseph Jennning, Feb, 10th, 1708, and he to Jacob Overpack, Oct 1st, 1768, from him Christopher Wagner received it, Oct. 20th, 1772. When Christopher Wagner received the property, it was a saw-mill, only. It has since remained in the Wagner family. THE SAW-MILL Belonging to Henry Stever, is but a short distance from town. It is now run by water-power, and a large amount of oak and chestnut timber, is annually sawed at this mill. Owing to the proximity of the old churches, built when Hellertown consisted of but a few scattered farm houses, no RELIGOUS SERVICES Were regularly hold in town until within the last few years. The congregations are still small, owing to the fact, that many of the citizens still attend the neighboring churches. There are two church edifices, in town at present-the one a Union Church, in which the Reformed and Lutheran congregations worship-the other the Evangelical Church The members of the EVANGELICAL CHURCH purchased the old school house in 1870, and had it fitted up for divine worship. The building is small, but answers except on extraordinary occasions. Before the purchase of the building, the members were wont to meet for divine worship in an upper room fitted up for the purpose in the dwelling house connected with the tannery, then the property of Joseph F. Landis. Services were first held there, about twenty years ago, by Rev. Wm. Bachman, and ever since, more or less regularly, by the various pastors, who were sent to minister to them, down to the year 1870. Rev. N. Goebel was the first minister of the Evangelical Church who preached in Hellertown. He came to Hellertown, some time in 1850, and asked to preach in the school house, but was refused admission by the trustees, so he spoke, in front, of the building. After the school house was bought of the School Board, twenty, year later, and converted into a church, he assisted in the dedicatory service. The regular pastor, since, 1870, were Revs. Henry Stetzel Jacob Zern Moses Dissinger Daniel Yiengst. The Sunday-school connected with this church, was started soon after the dedication. It is under the superintendency of Francis L. Fehr; numbers sixty scholars, and fifteen teachers and officers. In April, 1870, previous to the sale of the School house to the Evangelical brethren, the members, of the REFORMED AND LUTHERAN CHURCHES Met in the school house relative to the erection of a church edifice. After an eligible site had been selected-on the southeast corner of Saucon and Northampton streets-a building committee was appointed, consisting of Rev. Samuel Hess Thomas R. Laubach W. Lambert Wm. Riegel Peter Harris P. B. Breinig was elected Treasurer Jer. S. Hess. Secretary From this, time service were held regularly in the Hellertown by T. O. Stem Reformed), and Rev. Wm. Rath (Lutheran). The building was started at once, forty-five feet front and eighty feet deep. It is a plain, substantial brick edifice. The corner-stone was laid July 30th, 1870, and services held on Saturday and Sunday, July 30th and 31st. The church was completed by the following spring, and dedicated to the service of God, on Whitsuntide, May 28th and 29th 1871. Rev T. O. Stem officiated until September 1876, when he offered his resignation and left, Rev A. B. Koplin has been elected his successor. Rev. Wm. Rath is still the officiating Lutheran clergyman. The communicant members, of the two congregations worshiped in this church-called Christ Union Church-number about one, hundred and fifty. Services are held in two languages-one-half German and one-half English. The first officiating of the Reformed Congregation were : Elders-Thos. R. Laubach and P. B. Lerch Deacons- Lewis H. Heft J. Franck Roth Samuel J. Hoffard Walter S. Green Of the Lutheran Congregation : Elders-T. S. Eisenhart and H. H. Klein Deacons Moses Henninger J. B. Leith K. L. Rothman James Wagner The Sunday-school connected with this church comprises a corps of excellent teachers and officers. It was only a continuation of the Sunday-school, which has been in existence about thirty years, The school is at present under the superintendency of Jer. S. Hess, It members about one hundred and twenty-five scholars and twenty-five teachers and officers. The library is small. The singing of the school, which is in charge of Assistant Superintendent, T. K. Reichard, is excellent. In September, 1876, the Sunday-school undertook the work of excavating Load placing a basement under the church, By Utristmas, the room was really for a church festival, from which was realized three-fourths of the amount necessary to defray the expenses of the basement. 232 THE UNION CEMETERY Association was started in 1874. Finding it necessary to have a burial grounds, the following gentlemen: Rev. Samuel Hess T. S. Eisenhart J. F. Rentzheimer Jer. S Hess, associated themselves under the name and title of "The Union Cemetery Association of Hellertown," obtained a charter from the Court, February 26th, 1874, and purchased a tract of two acres and a half from Jacob Rentzheimer and Charles Roth, southeast of the borough limits, which was regularly laid out in walks, drives, and burial plots. The officers of the Association are: President, J. F. Rentzheimer, Vice-President, T. S. Eisenhart Secretary and Treasurer, Jer. S. Hess The incorporators derive no pecuniary benefit from it. As soon as the purchase money, expenses, and interest are paid, the balance belongs to the Association, to be used for the improvement of the grounds. The first interment was that of Caroline Rentzheimer, the widow of Charles Rentzheimer. One of the incorporators, Rev. Samuel Hess, has since been buried on it. There are at present but two LODGES in the, borough, the "Odd Fellows" (under which we include the "Encampment") and the "Sons of Herman;" the "Mechanics." the "Seven Wise Men," and the "Rebekah" lodges, have no organization at present. The "Sons of Herman" is a German lodge, which was organized on the second of October, 1869, and numbers seventy-one members at the present time. THE ODD FELLOWS Have been the most prosperous. The Lodge, which goes under the name of "Sancara Lodge, No. 606," was organized September 2d, 1867. The first officers were: Dr. A., J, Harris, N. G. L. E. Weaver, V. G. Joshua K. Hess, Secretary W. H. Werst, Assistant Secretary The "Encampment" called "Trinick," was chartered September 3d 1870. The Odd Fellows number at least one hundred members. In May, 1876, they bought a lot, with an old house on it, from Peter Moll, and in August they tore it down and commenced the erection of a large and commodious hall, which is an ornament to the town. The hall is thirty feet front by sixty feet deep. It is a three-story building, not including the basement and Mansard roof. The first floor is fitted up for a store, the second floor for a town hall, and the third for association purposes. The Board of Trustees, under whose efficient management the building was erected were: Charles A. Mauch H. H. Klein J. Francis Roth H. D. Heller was elected vice Roth, before the building was completed. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION Is well represented, There are four doctors, viz: W. F. Detwiller A. J. Harris A. Brown H. D. Heller The first is a son, and the last a grandson, of Dr. Henry Detwiller, a resident of Easton, the pioneer of homeopathy in this county, and one of the most active citizens of Hellertown in days gone-by. NEWSPAPERS. Two attempts to publish newspapers have been made, but both proved abortive. Thos. M Weber commenced The Hellertown Telegraph, an English and German paper in 1858, but it only survived about a year. In 1875, L. H. Roth started a monthly sheet, entitled The Saucon Advertiser. It died after an existence of a few months. John A. Laubach has charge of a small job printing office at present Thos. R. Weber has been publishing a singing-book, called Pennsylvania Harmony, for many years, which is used in Reformed and Lutheran churches of Pennsylvania and elsewhere. The population of Hellertown proper (exclusive of the population north of the corporate limits, near the furnace) is about five hundred and fifty. It contains five stores two hardware stores one drug store two carriage factories one foundry one grist-mill one saw-mill one planing-mill two furnace stacks three hotels coal and lumber yard furniture manufactory a town hall a bank two churches. This last enumeration includes all in the immediate vicinity of Hellertown, The population, including what should belong to the borough, would be about 1.000.