Military: Civil War: Three Year Regiments- Part III: Taylor's Philadelphia in the Civil War, 1861-1865: PA Contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by Val. USGENWEB NOTICE: Printing this file by non-commercial individuals and libraries is encouraged, as long as all notices and submitter information is included. Any other use, including copying files to other sites requires permission from the submitters PRIOR to uploading to any other sites. We encourage links to the state and county table of contents. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= PHILADELPHIA in the CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (Curtin Light Guards) Colonel Henry J. Stainrook to May 3d, 1863 Lieut.-Col. Lewis W. Ralston to April 12th, 1864 Total Enrollment: 1,055 Officers and Men Upon the return from service of the 22d Regiment in the three months' enlistment, Capt. Henry J. Stainrook, of Company C, was commissioned as colonel of volunteers, and began the formation of a new regiment for the three years term. Eight of the ten companies were raised in Philadelphia. Headquarters were established in the Globe Hotel, on Sixth street, below Chestnut street, and later a camp was formed at Nicetown. Reporting at Washington, upon May 10th, 1862, the regiment was assigned to Cooper's Brigade, Second Division, Bank's Corps, and encamped at Bolivar Heights, Virginia, then threatened by Jackson's column of Confederates. Here the regiment first encountered the enemy. Upon June 2d the brigade was sent to the Army of the Shenandoah, being assigned to Prince's Brigade, Auger's Division, Bank's Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. With this force the 109th fought at Cedar Mountain, August 9th, 1862. Col. Stainrook was wounded here, but remained in the field, later acting as commander of the brigade at Antietam, where, however, the 109th was not actively engaged. In September, following the last named battle, the regiment was assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Corps, and again stationed at Bolivar Heights. In November it was joined to the Third Brigade of the same division and corps. The only special event of the winter in the experience of the regiment was the ever remembered "mud march." In April, 1863, the 109th was returned to the Second Brigade, which was composed of the 109th, 111th, 124th and 125th Pennsylvania Regiments. At the series of battles of May 1st to 4th, 1863, known as "Chancellorsville," the 109th lost heavily, including its brave and efficient Colonel (Stainrook), who was killed upon May 3d by a sharpshooter. Upon the night of June 30th, 1863, the Twelfth Corps camped at Littlestown, Pa., about twelve miles east from Gettysburg, resuming its march upon the morning of July 1st. At Two Taverns, a point two miles from Gettysburg, upon the Baltimore Pike, the Second Brigade was halted to rest. Resuming the march, it filed to the left, halting on Little Round Top for the night. The 109th, mustering one hundred and forty-nine officers and men, was marched early the following morning with the brigade to a position at the extreme right upon the Rock Creek slope of Culp's Hill, where it fortified and awaited the enemy. The fighting here began in the evening, continued all night and well into the morning of the third. The crash of cannon-fire, rattle of musketry and the burning woodlands through the hours of darkness gave no rest to the Union Army. The final charge of the Confederates, at this point, ended at 11:30 A.M. on the third, with their repulse. The 109th was then stationed along Baltimore Pike to the end of the battle. At Williamsport, Maryland, on July 12th, the retreating enemy was just in front, but the opportunity to then and there wage a final battle and probably hasten peace was lost. At the end of September the Twelfth Corps was ordered, under Major-Gen. Hooker, to the Army of the Cumberland, being combined with the Eleventh Corps to form the Twentieth Corps. During October the 109th was engaged in the movements of approach to Chattanooga. Upon the night of October 28th, six regiments of infantry and a section of Knap's battery, including the 29th, 109th and 111th Pennsylvania regiments, were attacked at Wauhatchie, a railroad junction five miles west of Chattanooga, by a superior force of the enemy. In a fierce battle of three hours, at 3 A. M., October 29th, the assailants were defeated with heavy loss. The casualties of the 109th were four (one officer and three enlisted men) killed and thirty wounded. The command also fought at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. In January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted and was sent on furlough to Philadelphia. The 109th rejoined the division on May 5th as part of the First Brigade. Gen. Sherman's Georgia campaign now began. Marching southward one hundred miles, the army fought its "one hundred days of battles." The 109th lost most heavily at Resaca and Pine Knob. The heavy fighting ended with the fall of Atlanta. Then ensued the great march to Savannah and, with the beginning of 1865, northward through the Carolinas. At Goldsboro, N. C., upon March 31st, the depleted 109th was consolidated with the 111th Regiment. With the surrender of the last armed force of the enemy the 111th was marched to Washington, and mustered out on July 19th, the veterans of the old 109th reaching home upon the following day. TOTAL LOSSES Killed or died from wounds - 3 officers; 62 men Died of disease or other causes - 0 officers; 58 men Wounded, not mortally - 12 officers; 180 men Captured or missing - 3 officers; 42 men BATTLES, ETC. Harper's Ferry, Cedar Mountain, Chancellorsville, Antietam, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, Pine Knob, Kennesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, the Savannah Campaign, and the Campaign of the Carolinas =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY Colonel William D. Lewis, Jr., to December 20th, 1862 Colonel James Crowther to May 3d, 1863 Lieut.-Col. David M. Jones to October 9th, 1863 Lieut.-Col. Isaac Rogers to May 28th, 1864 Lieut.-Col. Enoch E. Lewis to June 16th, 1864 Lieut.-Col. Frank B. Stewart to June 8th, 1865 Total Enrollment: 1,475 Officers and Men This regiment was organized from six companies recruited west of the Susquehanna and four companies, E, F, G and I, from Philadelphia. It was mustered in on October 24th, 1861, and rendezvoused at Camp Curtin. Col. William D. Lewis, of Philadelphia, had held the same rank in the 18th Regiment of the three months' service. On January 4th, 1862, the regiment reported to Brig.-Gen. Frederick West Lander, then at Hancock, Maryland, where the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was threatened. The regiment was assigned to Tyler's Third Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Corps (Banks). Early in March the 110th moved to Winchester, near which, on the 23d, the division, now commanded by Brig.-Gen. James Shields (Gen. Lander having died), fought the battle of Kernstown, in which the regiment won great praise, in special orders, for gallantry. Out of three hundred present the loss was fifty-two killed and wounded. Near Fredericksburg, in June, the regiment was assigned to the Fourth Brigade, Second Division, Third Corps, and with this corps was sent to the Shenandoah Valley, disputing the Confederate advance at Port Republic and Front Royal. The Fourth Brigade was on duty near Alexandria and at Warrenton, W. Va. The 110th was now assigned to the Fourth Brigade, Second Division, and, under Gen. Pope, fought at Cedar Mountain, Thoroughfare Gap and Manassas. During the Antietam campaign the regiment was stationed in the defences of Washington, and was present, under Gen. Franklin, in the battle of December 13h, at Fredericksburg, losing heavily. Upon the 23d Col. Lewis resigned because of disability, and Lieut.-Col. Crowther succeeded him. During the winter the regiment was reorganized as a battalion of six companies. In the Chancellorsville campaign of May, 1863, Col. Crowther was killed and nearly half of the regiment were killed, wounded or captured. The heavy losses of the Third Corps resulted in a readjustment, in which the 110th was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, commanded by Major- Gen. David B. Birney. In the great movement to head off Gen. Lee from the invasion of Pennsylvania the Third Corps was already lined up along Pipe Creek, fifteen miles south of Gettysburg (a point proposed by Gen. Meade for the expected battle), when information impelled Gen. Sickles to hurry to the support of the First and Eleventh Corps. The Third Brigade was, however, left at Emmitsburg. It was nearly noon upon the 2d of July when the 110th got into the battle line, its position being at the Peach Orchard, the storm center of the Confederate assault of the afternoon. Here Col. Jones was wounded and Major Isaac Rodgers took command. When the regiment was relieved and fell back to the main line it had lost fifty-three killed and wounded out of one hundred and fifty- two officers and men present. The 110th, now numbering but little more than the strength of a single company, was subjected to much active work during the fall in the Rapidan and Mine Run movements. In January, 1864, the regiment re- enlisted, and, after the usual furlough, was recruited and drilled in preparation for the coming campaign. The brigade was transferred to the 2d Corps (Hancock's), and Lieut.-Col. Isaac Rodgers was commissioned colonel. Six days of battles in the Wilderness now ensued, during which the regiment again lost heavily. Col. Rodgers was mortally wounded on May 12th. The way to Petersburg was attended with constant skirmishes and battles, but the Second Corps crossed the James River on June 14th, appearing in front of Petersburg, and was at once sent into the cauldron of battle. Here the 110th was reinforced by the veterans and recruits of the 115th Regiment. With this welcome accession the 110th remained among the trenches and forts at Petersburg for the ensuing eleven months. In that long period of watching and waiting the Second Corps crossed the James River upon two occasions, in both of which the enemy was met and beaten at Deep Bottom. In an attack upon Fort Steadman, made by the Confederates, upon March 25th, 1865, Lieut.-Col. Isaac C. Hamilton was severely wounded, and the command devolved upon Major Frank B. Stewart, who was later commissioned colonel, the last of the regiment's leaders. At Amelia Springs, on April 5th, the enemy was once more encountered. This was the regiment's twenty-sixth and last battle. The 110th participated in the Grand Review and was mustered out upon June 28th, 1865. TOTAL LOSSES (Philadelphia Companies) [90] Killed or died from wounds - 3 officers; 16 men Died from disease or other causes - 18 men Wounded, not mortally - 1 officer; 13 men Captured or missing - 9 men [90] Not including Company G, of which muster rolls are not on file. BATTLES Hancock, Kernstown, Front Royal, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain, Thoroughfare Gap, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Auburn, Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Poplar Spring Church, Boydton Road, Hatcher's Run, Petersburg (Watkins' House), Amelia Springs, Appomattox Court House (surrender) =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= INDEPENDENT CORPS, ZOUAVES D'AFRIQUE, INFANTRY Captain Charles H. T. Collis This company included many French soldiers who had served as Zouaves in the campaigns of France and who had been identified with the 18th Regiment, in the three months' service. It was recruited at Philadelphia by Charles H. T. Collis, proposing to serve as a bodyguard to Major-Gen. N. P. Banks. The uniform adopted was that of the French Zouaves d'Afrique and was retained by the 114th Regiment, to which it was latter attached, throughout the war. The corps was mustered in and sent to Fort Delaware on August 17th, 1861, where it was thoroughly drilled in zouave tactics. Late in September the Zouaves reported to Gen. Banks, at Darnestown, Md. After a period of guard duty the corps went into winter quarters. In the spring of 1862 the command served, for a short time, with Geary's Independent Brigade and then rejoined Gen. Banks in the Shenandoah Valley. In a number of battles and skirmishes, including Middletown, Cedar Mountain, second Bull Run, Chantilly and Antietam, the Zouaves had shown those qualities of dash and bravery for which this type of infantry is usually famous. After the affair at Middletown, Capt. Collis was commissioned colonel and detailed to proceed to Philadelphia and recruit his command to a full regiment. With nine fully uniformed companies he arrived at Washington upon August 31st, 1862. The original company in the field, from which many of the officers of the new regiment were selected, became Company A. (See 114th Regiment) =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (Collis Zouaves) Colonel Charles H. T. Collis Total Enrollment: 1,100 Officers and Men The single company of Zouaves d'Afrique which Capt. Collis had recruited and led to war one year before, formed the basis as Company A of the Zouave regiment raised in Philadelphia in the summer of 1862, and which as the 114th Infantry left the city upon September 1st. At Washington this command was encamped at Fort Slocum, but soon afterward was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, of the Third Corps, then commanded by Major-Gen. David B. Birney. The Zouaves received their "baptism of fire" on December 13th, when the division was rushed across the Rappahannock river, at Franklin's Crossing, below Fredericksburg, to the assistance of the Pennsylvania Reserves. The loss of the 114th was twelve killed and seventeen wounded.[91] The Third Corps appeared in front of Fredericksburg again in January, 1863 (Burnside's "Mud March"), and a third time at the end of April, at the beginning of the Chancellorsville campaign, crossing the river, however, at United States Ford, about ten miles above the city. In the battle of May 3d the Zouaves fought with heroic persistence, finally retiring with a loss of one hundred and seventy-three killed and wounded. Of the twenty-seven officers present only three escaped death or wounds. Among those killed were Maj. Joseph S. Chandler and Capt. Frank A. Elliott of Co. F. The survivors returned after this bitter experience to camp at Falmouth. [91] An incident following the battle was the capture of the regimental band of seventeen pieces, with their instruments. The unfortunate musicians were eventually exchanged, and being provided with new instruments, remained with the regiment to the end of the war. (Bates' History, vol. 3, page 1185) The Third Corps reached Gettysburg after the close of the fighting upon July 1st, and was ordered to the left of the new line of battle, then being extended to the Round Tops. On the morning of the 2d Gen. Sickles advanced a portion of his corps, including the 114th, to and across the Emmittsburg Pike to the right of the Peach Orchard, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Fred. F. Cavada. The Zouaves were a fair mark for the rebel pickets during the morning and for the artillery fire that preceded the infantry attack later in the day. The Confederates surged along the line like a billow sweeping a stormy beach, reaching the front of the 114th when the Zouaves were forced backward, some, including Lieut.-Col. Cavada, in command, being captured. The regiment re-formed under Maj. Edward R. Bowen, took a new position in front of the Taneytown Road, but was not again heavily engaged in the course of the battle. The regimental losses were nine men killed, one officer and eighty-five men wounded, three officers and fifty-seven men captured or missing. Four of the wounded men subsequently died from their injuries. Those captured were near the Sherfy House. Through the fall and winter of 1863-4 Maj. Bowen continued in command, Col. Collis being in command of the brigade. The regiment shared the fortunes of the Third Corps in its marching and fighting, including battles along the Rappahannock. In April, 1864, the 114th was honored by selection as the first of six regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry organized as an independent brigade for duty at the headquarters of Gen. Meade. Col. Collis was appointed commander of this body of troops. This duty continued until March 15th, 1865, and involved the assistance of other troops in action, while the elite brigade from headquarters was expected to exhibit a high standard of gallantry. In the final weeks of activity around Petersburg the 114th was engaged in the storming of the Confederate works on April 2d, and, during the pursuit, at Sailor's Creek. At the affair of the 2d, three veteran officers who had originally served in the Zouaves d'Afrique of 1861 lost their lives. They were Capt. A. J. Cunningham, Company A; Maj. Henry M. Eddy[92], and First Lieut. Edward T. Marion, Company I. [92] Maj. Eddy was commissioned but not mustered. After the Appomattox surrender the 114th was transferred to the Fifth Corps, with which the Zouaves marched to Washington, where they were mustered out on May 29th, 1865. TOTAL LOSSES Killed or died from wounds - 6 officers; 83 men Died of disease or other causes - 1 officer; 35 men Wounded, not mortally - 16 officers; 261 men Captured or missing - 4 officers; 122 men BATTLES (Including those of the Zouaves d'Afrique, afterward Company A, prior to the organization of the regiment) Middletown, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Guinea's Station, Petersburg =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY Colonel Robert E. Patterson to December 2d, 1862 Colonel F. A. Lancaster to May 3d, 1863 Total Enrollment: 859 Officers and Men In November 1861, Col. Robert E. Patterson began the organization of this regiment, the earlier recruits being placed in camp at Hestonville. In March the command was encamped at Camden, N. J. On May 31st the eight Philadelphia companies, A, B, C, E, F, H, I and K moved to Harrisburg, where they were met by the "up State" companies and assigned to guard duty over prisoners. On June 25th the regiment was ordered to Fortress Monroe, and thence to Harrison's Landing, being there assigned to the Third Brigade, Second Division, Third Corps. With the exception of the 115th the Third Brigade was composed of New Jersey troops. On August 4th the regiment advanced with Hooker's Division to Malvern Hill and there first came under fire. With the end of the McClellan movement the regiment marched to Yorktown, embarked for Alexandria and joined in Pope's campaign, during which it participated in the battles at Bristoe Station, where Jackson's raiders were defeated, at the Second Bull Run (August 29th) and at Chantilly. During the Antietam campaign the regiment was stationed in the defences near Washington. In the first Burnside advance upon Fredericksburg the 115th, temporarily in command of Lieut.-Col. Olmstead of the 2d New York Infantry, was under heavy and long continued fire in the course of Hooker's attack, near Franklin Crossing. After the trying experience of the "mud march" Col. Olmstead was relieved and Lieut.-Col. Lancaster was commissioned colonel.[93] At the opening of the battle, May 3d, Col. Lancaster was killed at the head of his regiment. Under command of Major John P. Dunne the 115th pushed on and assisted in the capture of two stands of colors and many prisoners. The regimental loss in killed, wounded and missing was one hundred and eleven, including five officers wounded, not mortally. At Gettysburg the 115th, then mustering but one hundred and eighty-two officers and men, shared the experiences of the Third Corps in the actions in front of Little Round Top, on July 2d, losing three men killed, eighteen wounded and three missing. The struggling armies now surged back to the old, blood-stained fields and wilds of Virginia, marching, skirmishing and camping by the way; to and fro across the fords of the Rapidan the Third Corps advanced and retreated. After the brief Mine Run campaign the 115th encamped for the winter at Brandy Station. In March the Third Corps was discontinued. The old Second Division was transferred to the Second Corps. A new general from the west set the bugles calling in May and the army was put in motion. The objective point was Petersburg, and the fighting on the way was terrific. In the Wilderness, at Spotsylvania, on the North Anna and at Cold Harbor the 115th gained glory and lost men. After five weeks of this final battling upon the old fighting ground the 115th crossed the James River and advanced to Petersburg. Grant was there to stay. The wasted regiments were revised. Of the 115th but seven officers and eighty-four men remained in the field. It was consolidated into three companies and attached to the 110th Regiment, the field and staff officers being mustered out on June 23d, 1863. The subsequent service of the veterans and recruits, thus transferred, is a part of the story of the 110th. [93] Colonel Patterson had been detailed to duty in charge of drafted men at Philadelphia in November. Continued disability led to his resignation soon afterward. Colonel Lancaster recovered from his wounds and rejoined the regiment in April, 1862. TOTAL LOSSES Killed, or died from wounds - 6 officers; 32 men Died from disease - 2 officers; 40 men BATTLES Malvern Hill (2d), Bristoe Station, Groveton, Bull Run (2d), Chantilly, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY Colonel Dennis Heenan to December 13th, 1862 Colonel St. Clair A. Mulholland to June 6th, 1865 Total Enrollment: 1,660 Officers and Men This regiment was recruited in the summer of 1862, during which time it was in camp at Jones' Woods on the Lancaster Pike. The command was mustered in on September 1st, leaving the following day for Washington, where arms, the old style musket, and camp equipage were furnished. On the 6th the regiment moved to Rockville, Md. A month later, at Harper's Ferry, the 116th was attached to Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher's Irish Brigade, Hancock's First Division, Second Corps.[94] [94] The First Division of the Second Corps lost, in the course of the war, 2,287 killed, 11,724 wounded and 4,833 captured or missing - a total of 18,844, not including fatalities from sickness. On the way to Fredericksburg in early November the Second Corps skirmished at Snicker's Gap and Charlestown, Va. Reporting to Major-Gen. Burnside, in front of Fredericksburg, the 116th crossed the river to the attack on the 12th, and on the following morning participated in the historic assault upon Marye's Heights, in which the sacrifice of the regiment included Lieut. Christian Foltz, killed; Lieut. Robert B. Montgomery, fatally wounded; Major George H. Bardwell, Capt. S. G. Willauer, Lieut. Robert T. Maguire, Lieut. Garrett Nowlen and Capt. John O'Neill, wounded. The losses of the rank and file were twenty-three killed and fifty-three wounded. At the battle of Chancellorsville a detail of one hundred men of the 116th saved five guns of the 5th Maine Battery from between the lines, a gallant act which added to the fame of the command. On June 14th, 1863, the Second Corps began its two-hundred-mile march, ending at Gettysburg. The marching record of June 29th to Uniontown, Pa., was thirty-three miles. The 116th reached Gettysburg late on the evening of July 1st, now rated as a battalion, taking position on Cemetery Ridge. Following the attack upon Sickles' front on the 2d, the 116th, which had been marched with the brigade to the ground in front of Little Round Top, advancing, met the enemy at close quarters and effected the capture of a large number of prisoners. That evening the battalion returned to its first position, which it occupied during the final Confederate charge on the 3d. The battalion lost a total of thirty-seven killed, wounded and missing out of one hundred and sixty- five officers and men present.[95] On August 13th, 1863, the orders came that regimental status of the 116th was to be restored. Major Mulholland and other officers were ordered to Philadelphia to secure recruits. During the period of Major Mulholland's absence the command devolved upon Senior Capt. Seneca Grubb Willauer.[96] [95] Address of brevet Major-Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland, Gettysburg, September 11th, 1889. [96] Acting Major Seneca Grubb Willauer commanded the 116th Battalion from August 13th, 1863 to February 5th, 1864, when he was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, U. S. A. Incident to the gradual southward movement subsequent to Gettysburg the Second Corps, and especially the Irish Brigade, marched and fought through the autumn and early winter, its greatest achievement being participation in a rear-guard march of seventy-six miles in fifty-six hours, in the course of which it fought two battles in one day, respectively at Auburn and Bristoe Station, guarding the reserve artillery, the army baggage and capturing two colors, five guns and four hundred and fifty prisoners. After the trying Mine Run campaign, the battalion went into winter quarters. In February Capt. Garrett Nowlen became temporary commander. The regimental formation was restored on May 3d, 1864, when Major Mulholland, having secured his recruits, resumed command with the rank of colonel, ready to follow General Grant, the new head of the Army. Then followed the historic series of battles, beginning with the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor and lesser combats, and then across the James River to the investment of Petersburg, leaving all along the trail the graves of comrades fallen in the awful carnage. Lieut.-Col. Richard C. Dale and Lieut. Henry Kiel were killed at Spotsylvania. The officers wounded included Col. Mulholland, Capts. Frank Leib, F. E. Crawford, Charles Coslett, and Lieuts. Louis Sacriste, Robert J. Alston, S. G. Vanderheyden, John C. Wright, Zadoe B. Springer and Joseph W. Yocum. Of the enlisted men fifty were killed, one hundred and twenty were wounded and thirty were missing. In its first assault at Petersburg the 116th carried the Confederate works at a loss of many killed, wounded and missing. At this time the regiment was detached from the Irish Brigade and became a part of the Fourth Brigade, then commanded by Gen. John R. Brooke.[97] The hardships and monotony of life in the trenches gave a welcome zest to the frequent battles on either side of the James River. In the course of the ten months occupied in the reduction of the Confederate citadel the regiment lost, among its numerous members slain, Capts. Garrett Nowlen, Samuel Taggart and Henry D. Price. The 116th made its last fights in the four battles of the first week in April, 1865, and was not only witness of the scene at Appomattox, but first to receive the news of the surrender. After the Grand Review the remnant of the regiment arrived home and was mustered out on June 6th, 1865. Brevet Major-Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland, riding at the head of his veterans, was the only original officer to be present in the line. [97] Major-Gen. John R. Brooke, retired from the regular service in 1903, survives at the time this book is in course of publication, an honored member of the military order of the Loyal Legion. TOTAL LOSSES [98] Killed or died from wounds - 10 officers - 141 men Died from disease or other causes - 2 officers; 86 men Wounded, not mortally - 31 officers; 307 men Captured or missing - 7 officers; 106 men [99] [98] The figures relating to officers are taken from the Regimental History, brevet Maj.-Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland. The record of losses in enlisted men are from the official records of the Adjutant General of the Army. [99] Of those captured forty-five died in the Southern prisons. BATTLES, ETC. Charlestown, Snicker's Gap, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Falling Waters, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Morton's Ford, Wilderness, Todd's Tavern, Po River, Spotsylvania, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna, Pamunky River, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, assaults on Petersburg, Williams' Farm, Siege of Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' Station, Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mills, Gravelly Run, Sunderland Station, Amelia Court House, Sailors' Creek, Farmville, Appomattox =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY Colonel Charles M. Prevost to September 30th, 1863 Colonel James Gwyn to June 1st, 1865 Total Enrollment: 1,296 Officers and Men The patriotic resolution of the Corn Exchange, of Philadelphia, adopted at a meeting held upon July 24th, 1862, under which immediate action was taken for the formation of a regiment of infantry and its equipment, resulted in the rendezvous, one month later, at Camp Union, near the Falls of Schuylkill, of the historic command which, nearly one thousand strong, went forth as the 118th Regiment. To accomplish this result the Corn Exchange offered the inducement of a liberal bounty, and provided each recruit with articles of comfort not usually furnished by the Government. Many of the officers had previously seen service in earlier commands.[100] [100] Capt. Frank A. Donaldson had formerly served as an officer in the 71st Regiment and was among those who were made prisoners of war at the action of Ball's Bluff. The regiment left Philadelphia upon September 1st, 1862, reaching Washington the following day, and was attached to the First Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps. A few days later the Fifth Corps was started upon its trying march through Maryland, which ended at Antietam. Here the 118th was placed in support of artillery and was not actually involved. Three days after the battle the regiment participated in a reconnaissance, crossing the Potomac at a ford near Shepherdstown. The enemy having been discovered in force and the purpose of the reconnaissance accomplished, the troops were ordered to re-cross to the Maryland side of the river. Through a mistake the order was not delivered to the 118th, and it was left unsupported to resist the attack of a Confederate division. The men, although inexperienced, less than three weeks from home and armed with defective muskets, made a gallant stand, but were overpowered and compelled to retreat across the river. The losses of the 118th were seventy-one officers and men killed or who died from their wounds, seventy-five wounded and sixty-seven captured, a total of two hundred and thirteen. The Confederate loss in the engagement, in Gen. Hill's Division, was reported to be two hundred and sixty-two officers and men. Burnside's experiment, which occasioned the battle of Fredericksburg, cost the 118th, at the assault upon Marye's Heights, seven killed, forty-three wounded and sixteen missing. After the January "mud march" the regiment went into winter quarters. In April, Col. Prevost, having recovered from his wounds, again took command. A few weeks later Col. Prevost was promoted and placed in command of the Invalid Corps, prior to which, however, he led the regiment through the fighting around Chancellorsville.[101] [101] In 1864, Col Prevost was stationed as commandant at the military prison located at Elmira, N.Y. The Fifth Corps started northward upon June 10th, having frequent brushes with the Confederate cavalry en route. Arriving at Gettysburg upon the morning of July 2d, the regiment was posted near Cemetery Hill, but in the afternoon it was hurried to the support of Sickles, on the left, where it became hotly engaged. The following morning the command was sent to Round Top, which position it occupied to the end of the battle. At Warrenton, Virginia, on August 6th, one hundred and nine recruits arrived, and on September 15th one hundred and eighty-five more were received. Desultory fighting kept the men moving through the autumn. At the end of the year, at Beverly Ford, Lieut.-Col. Gwyn received his commission as colonel. During the conflicts in the Wilderness, and in the course of the advance to Petersburg, the 118th had heavy fighting with numerous casualties. In front of Petersburg the fighting was constant. Grant was remorselessly wearing out the besieged enemy. Regiments were used unsparingly, and the 118th was accorded its full share of the work. Early in the following February the army began upon the final chapter of the war. At Dabney's Mills several of the regimental officers were killed or wounded. The whole region was alive at this time, with moving troops and the deadly grinding of the mills of war. Petersburg fell upon April 2d, Richmond the next day, and then, like a cyclone, Sheridan's cavalry swept after the fugitive remnants still obedient to Lee. The Fifth Corps was at Five Forks upon the 1st and there had its last fight. The 118th Regiment was among the advanced troops at Appomattox. It was the first to receive and direct the officer bearing the flag of truce from the Confederate headquarters which resulted in the end of hostilities. It was detailed with the First Brigade to receive the rebel arms and colors. Fifteen thousand muskets and eighty-four battle flags were laid down along the brigade front. Turning homeward, the 118th was in the line of the Grand Review at Washington upon May 23d. A week later it was mustered out. Upon arrival at Philadelphia the veterans were splendidly banqueted at Sansom Street Hall by the Corn Exchange, and upon the 10th of June marched in the review of the returned Philadelphia volunteers. TOTAL LOSSES Killed or died from wounds - 9 officers; 132 men Died from disease or accident - 1 officer; 112 men Wounded, not mortally - 18 officers; 312 men Captured or missing - 5 officers; 285 men BATTLES Antietam, Shepherdstown, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Upperville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Road, Poplar Springs Church (Peeble's Farm), Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mill, Boydton Plank Road, Five Forks, Appomattox (surrender) =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND NINETEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (Gray Reserves) Colonel Peter C. Ellmaker to January 12th, 1864 Colonel Gideon Clark to June 19th, 1865 Total Enrollment: 1,216 Officers and Men The 119th, composed, in a large degree, of officers and rank and file from the First Regiment Militia, of Philadelphia, was known as the "Gray Reserve" Regiment. In its enthusiastic recruitment, the officers were effectively aided by a committee of thirteen citizens. The command was mustered in between August 15th and September 17th, 1862. Responding promptly to the urgent orders of the Government, the regiment left Philadelphia on September 1st, not fully organized. From the Arsenal in Washington, with the addition of a tenth company, the command, upon receiving guns and accouterments, was sent to Tenallytown. In October the regiment joined the First Brigade, Second Division, Sixth Corps, then at Hagerstown, Maryland. Moving to Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg, in November, the regiment first came under fire in the effort to capture that stronghold, on December 12th and 13th. After the "mud-march" of January, the 119th remained in winter quarters. In February the regiment was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, with which it was identified throughout its subsequent career. Upon the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign the Sixth Corps was moved, at night, to the right bank of Rappahannock river, at Franklin's Crossing. On May 3d, 1863, in the two battles of Marye's Heights and Salem Church the regiment lost twelve killed and one hundred and twelve wounded, or about thirty-five per cent of effective strength. In the evening of July 1st, 1863, the Sixth Corps was at Manchester, Maryland, from which camp, at ten o'clock, began the historic forced march of thirty-seven miles to Gettysburg. Arriving at 4:30 P.M. on the 2d, the corps remained in the rear of the Fifth Corps, taking position, early on the 3d, at the extreme left, in rear of Round Top, a post of great responsibility, but, as events proved, far from the heavy fighting of the day. On the 4th the 119th occupied Little Round Top. Pursuing and skirmishing with laggard fragments of Lee's Army, notably at Fairfield Gap and Funkstown, the Third Brigade finally rested at Warrenton, where about two hundred recruits were received by the 119th. At Rappahannock Station, on November 7th, the Third Brigade, under command of Col. Ellmaker, led the assault upon the enemy's works, resulting in the capture of sixteen hundred prisoners and a large amount of material. In this brilliant affair the 119th lost seven killed and forty-three wounded, three of the killed being Capt. Cyrus M. Hodgson and Lieuts. Edward Everett Coxe and Robert Reaney. After the brief Mine Run campaign, the 119th had a respite of six months of routine. On January 12th, 1864, Col. Ellmaker resigned, and was succeeded by Lieut.- Col. Gideon Clark. With the beginning of the forward movement of May, 1864, directed by Major-Gen. U.S. Grant, the armies met in the dark and bloody Wilderness, and, in the week following May 5th, the 119th lost two hundred and fifteen officers and men. Then, at the North Anna, the Pamunkey, Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor, further weeks of carnage ensued, until, on the 19th of June, the 119th found its task again in the trenches around Petersburg. In the course of the deadly six weeks following its departure from its winter quarters on Hazel river the regiment lost, among those slain in battle, Major Henry P. Truefitt, Capt. Charles R. Warner and Lieuts. George G. Lovett, Edward Ford and George C. Humes. Soon after the return of the Third Brigade from the crippling of the Weldon Railroad it was dispatched, with the entire Sixth Corps, to Washington, meeting Early's invasion at Fort Stevens, driving his troops back to the hills and, under Sheridan, scattering them at Winchester. At this time the 119th was detached and detailed for duty at Philadelphia, in anticipation of election disturbances. Its absence from the front covered a period of about two weeks. The command then returned to Winchester, Va., where the Third Brigade remained until November 30th, then returning to the vicinity of Petersburg. In the final campaign, resulting in the dislodgment of the enemy from Petersburg, and in the pursuit ending at Appomattox Court House, the regiment had its almost constant share of danger, loss and glory. In the final assault at Petersburg Adjt. John D. Mercer was fatally wounded. After the surrender the Sixth Corps was sent, as a precautionary measure, to Danville, but with the passing of the exigency, turned homeward. The 119th arrived in Philadelphia on June 6th and on the 19th was mustered out. TOTAL LOSSES Killed or died from wounds - 9 officers; 132 men Died from disease or other causes - 1 officer; 71 men Wounded, not mortally - 12 officers; 279 men Captured or missing - 75 men BATTLES, ETC. Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, Salem Church, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Fort Stevens, Winchester (Opequon), Dabney's Mill, Petersburg (Fort Fisher), Petersburg (assault), Sailor's Creek, Appomattox Court House =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY Colonel Chapman Biddle to December 1st, 1863 [102] Lieut.-Colonel Elisha W. Davis to April 20th, 1863 Lieut.-Colonel Alexander Biddle to January 9th, 1864 Lieut.-Colonel Thomas M. Hall to January 9th, 1864 Philadelphia Companies B, C, D, G, H, I and K Total Enrollment: 891 Officers and Men [102] Col. Chapman Biddle had been identified with the old militia in Philadelphia and was among the first to act, at the critical moment, in April, 1861, for the military support of the National Government. He organized Company A of the 1st Regiment Pennsylvania Artillery, which was later known as Landis' Battery. Capt. Biddle and Lieut. Alexander Biddle resigned in August to organize an infantry regiment, which was designated the 121st. In the formation of this regiment the recruits gathered largely from Venango County for the proposed 145th Regiment by Elisha W. Davis were included.[103] These mountaineers were organized as Companies A, F and part of E. The balance of the regiment was raised in Philadelphia. The 121st camped near Chestnut Hill, in August and September, 1862, and was soon afterwards sent to Arlington Heights, Va. On October 1st the command was moved to Frederick, Md., and attached to the First Brigade, Third Division of the First Corps, which was mainly composed of Pennsylvania Reserves, and commanded by Major-Gen. George Gordon Meade. With these experienced troops the 121st entered its first battle, at Fredericksburg, December 13th, losing in the campaign one hundred and eighty killed and wounded. The heroic steadiness of the 121st at Fredericksburg elicited special praise from Gen. Meade. A number of officers and men were mentioned for bravery in special orders, among them Lieut. Joseph G. Rosengarten, who saved the colors after the color bearer had fallen.[104] [103] The Venango County recruits, on arrival in Philadelphia, were placed in Camp John C. Knox, near Manayunk, where they were quartered until consolidated with the 121st. They were chiefly woodsmen and good marksmen, thus adding greatly to the effectiveness of the command. [104] Lieutenant Rosengarten was soon afterward detailed upon the staff of Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds. The routine of the winter camp was broken by the "mud march" and one or two minor expeditions. The activities of the army began upon the opening of May, 1864, with the battle of Chancellorsville, where the loss of the 121st was small in numbers. One of the officers killed was Capt. W. D. Dorr, a gallant soldier.[105] The First Corps began its northward march (ending at Gettysburg) on June 12th, reaching the field and going into position upon the extreme left of the line at eleven o'clock A.M. on July 1st. This position was held nearly five hours. [105] Capt. William W. Dorr, of Company K, killed at Spotsylvania on May 10th, 1864, was a son of the Rev. Dr. Dorr of Christ Church, upon the walls of which his comrades placed a memorial tablet. The First Brigade, which had gone into battle with twelve hundred and eighty-seven officers and men, numbered, for further duty at the close of the day, but three hundred and ninety.[106] In the retreat to Cemetery Hill the regiment made a stand at the Seminary, and from a barricade, held the advancing Confederates back until nearly all of the army had passed. Falling back through Gettysburg the 121st called the roll. Out of seven officers and two hundred and fifty-six men in the line that morning, but two officers and eighty-two men responded.[107] Upon July 2d the regiment was posted on the Taneytown Road to the left of the cemetery, and on the 3d near the center of the line and in reserve. [106] The 1st Brigade was in command, at that time, of Lieut.-Col. Chapman Biddle. The regiment was in command of Major Alexander Biddle. [107] The inscription upon the regimental monument indicates a loss, at Gettysburg, of twenty men killed or fatally wounded, five officers and ninety-three men wounded, and sixty captured, out of three hundred and six present. After Gettysburg, ten months elapsed before the regiment was again engaged in battle. In the meantime it had performed a great amount of marching, guard duty and picketing. In March, 1864, the remnants of the First Corps were distributed, the 121st going to the Third Brigade, Fourth Division, Fifth Corps. With some brigade and division changes it remained in this corps to the end of the war. Between May 4th and June 16th, 1864, or from the Rapidan to the James, the Fifth Corps fought its way almost daily, each brigade and regiment having its own hardships, losses and victories. The 121st lost many of its veteran members and several officers. At Petersburg the regiment was engaged upon the construction of the famous "Fort Hell," near the "Mine." It participated in the first and second expeditions sent to destroy the Weldon Railroad, and was in the affairs of Boydton Plank Road and Five Forks. At Appomattox Court House the regiment was detailed to guard duty during and after the formalities of the surrender. On May 12th it was sent, with captured property, to Burkeville, and from that point began the homeward march. At Washington it participated in the Grand Review, and was mustered out on June 2d, 1865. TOTAL LOSSES [107] Killed or died from wounds - 5 officers; 104 men Died from disease or other causes - 2 officers; 66 men Wounded, not mortally, officers and men - 293 men [107] The inscription upon the regimental monument indicates a loss, at Gettysburg, of twenty men killed or fatally wounded, five officers and ninety-three men wounded, and sixty captured, out of three hundred and six present. BATTLES Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Peeble's Farm, Dabney's Mill, Boydton Plank Road, Five Forks, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox Court House =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY Lieut.-Col. Ario Pardee, Jr. Philadelphia Companies: M and P Total Enrollment: 150 Officers and Men [108] While the 28th Regiment was in camp at Loudon Heights, Virginia, in October, 1862, a regiment was organized at that point, which became the 147th Infantry of the Pennsylvania line. Five companies of the 28th were transferred to the new command, two of which, M and P, numbering one hundred and fifty men, were from Philadelphia.[108] Major Ario Pardee, Jr., of the 28th, became commander of the 147th, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. The two regiments were sometimes styled the "28th Legion." The 147th, in the First Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Corps, participated in the second Burnside campaign of January and February, 1863, and the Chancellorsville Campaign of May, losing about one hundred in killed, wounded and missing. In June, 1863, the regiment moved with the Twelfth Corps to Gettysburg, taking position on the evening of July 1st near Round Top, and later at Culp's Hill. On the night of the 2d and forenoon of the 3d, the 147th was engaged at the latter point, losing twenty-five killed and wounded. With the Hooker transfer, the 147th was sent to reinforce the Army of the Cumberland, becoming a part of the Second Division of the Twentieth Corps. It was in line at the battles of Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Ringgold. On December 29th, 1863, the majority of the men re-enlisted and, after the usual furlough, returned to join Gen. Sherman's campaign through Georgia and the Carolinas, having a part, with the 28th and 29th Regiments, in all of the dangers, hardships and glory of that crowning achievement of the war. The thrilling story of the arduous campaign of the army led by Gen. William T. Sherman is equally the story of this efficient regiment. Soon after the surrender of Gen. Johnston the Pennsylvania troops were moved to Washington and there, on July 15th, 1865, the 147th was mustered out of the service.[109] [108] In addition to these two Philadelphia companies, a company of drafted men under Capt. Charles Fair, which had been on duty at the Schuylkill Arsenal, was attached to the 147th in September, 1863. [109] The casualties of the two Philadelphia companies are not obtainable. BATTLES Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Dug Gap, Rocky Fall Ridge, New Hope Church, Pine Knob, Nose's Creek, Kennesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta (march to the sea) =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY (Third Bucktails) Colonel Langhorne Wister to February 22d, 1864 [110] Colonel H. S. Huidekoper to March 5th, 1864 Colonel George W. Jones to June 23d, 1865 Philadelphia Companies A, B, D and F Total Enrollment: 420 Officers and Men [110] Col. Langhorne Wister, of Philadelphia, had served as captain of Company B, 42d Regiment, the original "Bucktails," which was designated the 13th Regiment, Reserve Corps. This regiment was partly recruited in Philadelphia (which furnished companies A, B, E and F) and in the Counties of Crawford, Union and McKean. It rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, being mustered in on September 4th, 1862. Soon afterward the command was sent to Washington and assigned to guard duty. Companies D and K were stationed at the Soldiers' Home, where President Lincoln and his family resided in the summers. The latter company, from Crawford County, commanded by Capt. David V. Derrickson, was retained to the end of the war as the special guard of the President.[111] [111] President Lincoln wrote a "request" on November 1st, 1862, that this company should be allowed to remain as his personal guard. He honored Capt. Derrickson as a companion and friend. When the latter was transferred to duty in Pennsylvania he was succeeded by Lieut. Thomas Getchell. In February the 150th became part of the Second (Bucktail) Brigade (Brig.-Gen. Roy Stone), Third Division, First Corps. In May General Stone's brigade was present at the battle of Chancellorsville, but was not actively employed. The Third Division, under Major-Gen. Abner Doubleday, reached the scene of the opening battle at Gettysburg at 11:30 A.M. on July 1st. The 150th, mustering three hundred and ninety- seven officers and men, was in position on the left of the Chambersburg Pike, near Willoughby Run. This position was held until near four o'clock, the regiment then retreating toward and through the town. In the retreat the regiment colors were lost.[112] The remnant of the regiment re-formed on Cemetery Hill, but two officers remaining. Three officers had been slain. Col. Wistar and twelve of his officers, the majority wounded, had been captured. On the morning of July 2d one hundred and nine (including the two officers) were present for duty. During the day the regiment was active at various points of danger, and after nightfall advanced and recaptured two guns of a regular battery, lost during the afternoon. Retiring from picket duty early on the 3d, and while on the battle line in the afternoon, some further casualties occurred. The total regimental loss (as officially stated) was fifty- seven killed, one hundred and thirty nine wounded and seventy-seven captured or missing; a few of the latter, however, were accounted for the morning of the 2d. [112] The colors were captured from a wounded color-bearer by North Carolina troops, and were sent to Jefferson Davis. They were found among his effects when he was captured, at the close of the war, and are now preserved at the Capitol at Harrisburg. With an accession of recruits, the 150th participated in the movements of the army upon the Rappahannock, finally forming its winter camp at Culpeper. Col. Wister, who had been exchanged, resigned on February 22d. The regiment was transferred, in March, to the Third Brigade, Fourth Division, Fifth Corps, and was now commanded by Major George W. Jones[113], promoted from captain.[114] [113] Both Lieut.-Col. Huidekoper and Major Thomas Chamberlin had resigned on account of wounds. [114] Capt. Cornelius A. Widdis (subsequently commissioned lieutenant-colonel) became a prisoner July 1st, 1863, at Gettysburg, and was not released until the end of the war. With the Fifth Corps the 150th was engaged in the heavy fighting which began on May 5th in the Wilderness, and which ended at Bethesda Church, on June 1st. Crossing the James River the deadly struggle was renewed around Petersburg. The 150th was among the troops at the Mine Explosion, the first move on Weldon Railroad (where it built Fort Dunshane), at Hatcher's Run, and, in December, in the destruction of the Weldon Railroad. As a great number of prisoners had been captured the war-worn 150th, with the 149th, was sent, as guards, to the prison camp at Elmira, N.Y., and remained there on duty until mustered out, on June 24th, 1865. Company K (President's Guard) was mustered out at Harrisburg on June 15th, 1865. TOTAL LOSSES [115] Killed or died from wounds - 4 officers; 108 men Died from disease or other causes - 1 officer; 24 men [115] Col. Thomas Chamberlin, the regimental historian, states that the exact number of wounded, captured and missing cannot be enumerated. The regimental history (Edition of 1905) includes a list of forty-nine men captured, of whom twenty-three died at Richmond and Andersonville. BATTLES Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness (two days), North Anna, Spotsylvania (three days), Totopotomoy, Hatcher's Run, Bethesda Church, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Dabney's Mill As a graphic and entertaining presentation of experiences in a soldier's life, few books of the Civil War equal the "Recollections of a Drummer Boy," a work written by Harry M. Kiefer, of the 150th Regiment. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY Lieut.-Col. Edmund T. Tiers Total Enrollment: about 250 Officers and Men When partially recruited in December, 1862, this command was ordered to guard duty at Fort Delaware. Upon February 27th, 1863, the recruits of a tentative regiment, designated the 156th, "Board of Trade Rifles," were enlisted with the 157th, the whole being organized as a battalion of four companies. The battalion was assigned to duty in the defences around Washington as a part of Tyler's Division, Twenty-second Corps. In May, 1864, the battalion was attached to the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Fifth Corps. In this position, and with the Second Division later, the 157th experienced a considerable period of fighting. The battalion was transferred to the 191st Regiment[116] in front of Petersburg on March 21st, 1865, and with that regiment shared in the engagements and pursuit of the enemy immediately preceding the surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox. Soon after this great event the 191st marched to Washington, took part in the Grand Review upon May 23d, and was mustered out June 28th, 1865. [116] The 190th and 191st Regiments were formed from veterans and recruits of the several Pennsylvania Reserve regiments at the end of their respective terms of service. The greater part of these regiments suffered capture and long imprisonment at Andersonville and other southern prison pens, where a large percentage died. For an impressive narration of their experiences the reader is referred to pages 281-287, Volume V, Bates' History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers. The men of the 191st still in the field, together with the 157th, were armed with Spencer repeating rifles, with which they did effective work in the running fights between Hatcher's Run and Appomattox. TOTAL LOSSES Killed or died from wounds - 31 men Died from disease - 34 men BATTLES Bethesda Church, Petersburg, Mine Explosion, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Springs Church, Yellow House, Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, Warren's raid, Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox campaign =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY (Fourth Union League Regiment) Colonel George P. McLean to May 3d, 1864 Colonel J. F. McCullough to May 31st, 1864 Colonel James C. Lynch to March 13th, 1865 Colonel George T. Egbert to July 13th, 1865 Total Enrollment: 1,200 Officers and Men Of the nine infantry regiments of Philadelphia organized under the direction of the Union League, the 183d served longest and experienced, by far, the most vicissitudes. It was recruited during the fall of 1863, and through the following winter. Camp was established in Frankford, but was subsequently located in barracks upon the lot now covered by the buildings of the Union League. The command left Philadelphia upon February 23d, 1864. The 183d was the last distinctively local regiment sent to the front. Upon reporting it was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Second Corps, then upon the Rapidan river. The newcomers were led without delay into the very heart of war. In the month dating from May 5th the brigade participated in seven battles, a record for raw troops probably unequaled in the annals of the Pennsylvania line.[117] In the course of the campaign, during May, Col. George P. McLean, Lieut.-Col. William Powell, Major John Reynolds and Adj. Theodore F. Mann resigned, the last named because of ill health. Capt. John F. McCullough, a veteran officer of Company A, 140th Regiment, was commissioned colonel. This officer was killed upon May 31st, at Totopotomoy Creek. Two weeks later Capt. James C. Lynch, of the 106th Regiment, Acting Inspector General of the Second Division, Second Corps, was commissioned third colonel of the 183d. The regiment was moved to the front at Petersburg, being actively engaged in assaults and skirmishes. While here the re-enlisted men and recruits of the 72d Regiment (Baxter's Zouaves) were added to the 183d. Maj. George T. Egbert became lieutenant-colonel and Capt. Augustine T. Lynch major. The Second Corps was twice sent across the James river, meeting the enemy on both occasions. At Deep Bottom the regiment assisted in the capture of four guns. At Ream's Station, upon the Weldon Railroad, south of Petersburg, the 183d was again engaged, on August 25th. During the fall and winter the regiment was engaged in guard and outpost duty incident to the siege. Upon October 6th Col. Lynch was mustered out. He was succeeded by Lieut.-Col. George T. Egbert. Maj. Augustine T. Lynch became lieutenant-colonel and Capt. Horace P. Egbert major. [117] At Spotsylvania, on May 14th, a party of volunteers from the brigade, led by Captain Augustine T. Lynch, of this regiment, captured two Confederate guns from between the lines. In the constant fighting marking the final struggles of the besieged Confederates, the regiment was repeatedly under fire, losing some officers and men killed, wounded or captured. In these movements the First Division was detached and, under Gen. Nelson A. Miles[118], joined Gen. Sheridan's force at five Forks, and while returning met the enemy in an engagement, on April 2d, at Sutherland's Station, a point on the South Side Railroad. The 183d shared, also, in the final combats at Farmville and Appomattox. After the surrender the march to Washington and the Review of May 23d, the 183d was returned to Philadelphia, where it was mustered out on July 13th, 1865. [118] This detour is mentioned by Gen. Nelson A. Miles in his "Recollections," Cosmopolitan Magazine, March, 1911, in these words: "The hardest fighting and greatest loss of life occurred in the first Division, Second Corps, in which more men were killed and wounded than in any other division, East or West. This division broke through the enemy's lines and routed a division of the enemy at Sutherland Station, made most important captures at Sailor's Creek, and led the pursuit so vigorously and tenaciously that Gen. Lee rode up to our very lines on the morning of April 9th to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia." TOTAL LOSSES Killed or died from wounds - 5 officers; 92 men Died of disease or other causes - 3 officer; 89 men BATTLES Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Corbin's Bridge, Po River, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Ream's Station, Five Forks, Sutherland Station, Farmville, Appomattox Court House =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY Colonel Henry Frink Total Enrollment: 1,079 Officers and Men This regiment was recruited in Philadelphia in the spring of 1864 for provost duty. Many of its officers had served in other commands. The regiment was stationed at Philadelphia throughout its term of service, which ended August 15, 1865. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= FIRST BATTALION INFANTRY (SIX MONTHS' SERVICE) Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph F. Ramsey Total Enrollment (Philadelphia Companies): about 200 Officers and Men Two companies of this regiment, C, Capt. John R. Miles, and E, Capt. W. F. Robinson, were raised in Philadelphia. The regiment was mustered in on June 23d, 1863, and was engaged in various parts of the State on duty in provost and draft riot emergencies. Co. C was stationed at the provost barracks, Fifth and Buttonwood streets, Philadelphia. At the end of its period of service the battalion was re-enlisted and recruited, forming the 187th Regiment, three years' service. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY Colonel Joseph F. Ramsey to September 29th, 1864 Colonel John E. Parsons to August 3d, 1865 Total Enrollment (Philadelphia Companies): About 150 Officers and Men This regiment was formed from the First Battalion Infantry, in service six months, on provost duty from July, 1863, to the end of the year, and which contained two companies, E and F, from Philadelphia. Although all of the field officers were from other communities of the State, at least seventeen of the company officers were Philadelphians. The regiment was organized at Camp Curtin in March, 1864. The command reached Washington on May 19th. Marching to the front it joined the army during the battle of Cold Harbor and was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps. With this corps the 187th fought its way to join the lines then investing Petersburg, and shared in the movements and sorties, involving continuous skirmishing, through the summer, during which the regiment lost many officers and men. On September 22d, 1864, the regiment was detached and ordered to Philadelphia. With headquarters at Camp Cadwalader[119], the 187th was employed on provost duty in Philadelphia and at disturbed points in the State.[120] Col. Ramsey having resigned and Major George W. Merrick being disabled from wounds, Capt. John E. Parsons (then assistant adjutant-general of the brigade) was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. The regiment acted as a guard of honor upon the arrival and departure of the remains of President Lincoln in April, 1865. The 187th was assembled at Harrisburg and mustered out on August 3d, 1865. [119] "No military rendezvous of any kind established in this city since the breaking out of the war has been the cause of so much complaint or the source of as many communications of a disparaging character as Camp Cadwalader. These complaints consist mainly of suffering endured by the men stationed there and injustice done them by a certain set of unprincipled officials who have charge of matters and things generally within the enclosure. Filthy quarters, miserable diet, embezzlement of money belonging to soldiers, an utter disregard for the welfare and comfort of the men, constitute a portion of the evils complained of and which have caused so many desertions that would otherwise not have taken place." Quoted from a Philadelphia newspaper (History of the 187th Regiment). [120] At all times, dating from the first draft, a considerable element of the Pennsylvania population dwelling in remote sections were strongly opposed to military service. In this respect they held the same attitude as that of the loyal mountaineers of the South, who only became soldiers of the Confederacy upon compulsion. The tasks of the military detachments sent out under the orders of the provost marshals to enforce conscriptions, capture deserters and break up disloyal gatherings were full of incident and danger. The "Army of Fishing Creek" is not mentioned in Official Reports, but that it deserves a place in Civil War history is vouched for by a correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer, who was witness of its "invasion of Columbia County," in September, 1864, a narration of which may be found in "The American Bastile," John A. Marshall, page 310. TOTAL LOSSES (Philadelphia Companies) Killed or died from wounds - 8 men Died from disease and other causes - 9 men BATTLES Cold Harbor, before Petersburg, Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad (June 21st-23d, 1864), Mine Explosion, Weldon Railroad, August 18th- 21st, 1864 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY Colonel George K. Bowen to March 27th, 1865 Colonel John G. Gregg to July 1st, 1865 Colonel James C. Briscoe to November 26th, 1865 Colonel Samuel Irvin Givin to December 14th, 1865 Total Enrollment: 1,200 Officers and Men Twenty months after the 152d Regiment (3d Heavy Artillery) had entered the service, a regiment of infantry was formed from its surplus men, of whom about six hundred volunteered for the purpose, and, with additional recruits, the command took the field as the 188th, under command of Lieut.-Col. George K. Bowen, formerly captain of Company C, 152d Regiment. A large proportion of the officers and many of the enlisted men were Philadelphians. At Yorktown in April, 1864, it was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth Corps. Early in May the corps was embarked to Bermuda Hundred and advanced to invest fort Darling, a strong work at Drewry's Bluff, six miles below Richmond. During an assault on May 16th the right wing of the regiment was driven back from an advanced position and in course of the movement was fired upon by the supporting troops by mistake, the loss partly from this error being eleven men killed and sixty wounded. In the terrific fighting of June 1st and 3d at Cold Harbor, the 188th again lost a large percentage. The corps was now moved to the lines at Petersburg, occupying an exposed position on the extreme right. Here, in two month's time, the 188th lost about half of its effective force from powder and sickness. At the capture of Fort Harrison the skilled artillerymen of the 188th manned the fortress guns and materially expedited the flight of the enemy, who returned, however, to suffer still worse punishment at the hands of the captors, on the following morning. In holding Fort Harrison against the persistent efforts of the Confederates to recover it, the 188th lost, in killed and wounded, about one hundred and sixty officers and men. At the end of the campaign the Eighteenth Corps was reorganized as the Twenty-fourth Corps. Four hundred recruits now joined the regiment and winter quarters were constructed. On March 4th, 1865, the brigade (now the "Third" of the Third Division) was sent on an expedition by transports to Fredericksburg, to destroy Confederate supplies. As soon as it was discovered at Fort Harrison, on April 3d, that Richmond was being deserted by the enemy the Union troops were rushed to the city, the 188th assisting in subduing the fires and in restoring public order. The Third Brigade was encamped at Manchester. Some weeks after the surrender at Appomattox the members of the 199th Regiment, whose enlistments had not expired, were merged with the 188th. Col. James C. Briscoe, of the former, taking command, and the regiment moved to Lynchburg. Upon the promotion of Col. Briscoe as brigadier-general in command of the post, Lieut.-Col. S. Irvin Givin was advanced to the colonelcy. The several companies were stationed at Danville and other points in Virginia to enforce good order, and remained in this trying service until December 14th, when the regiment was assembled at City Point and mustered out. TOTAL LOSSES Killed or died from wounds - 10 officers; 114 men Died from disease - 2 officers; 66 men BATTLES, ETC. Drewry's Bluff, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Chaffin's Farm, Fair Oaks (second), occupation of Richmond =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= INDEPENDENT COMPANY ACTING ENGINEERS Captain Henry E. Wrigley to November 8th, 1862 Captain Albert S. White to March 29th, 1863 Captain William P. Gaskill to July 5th, 1864 Captain Samuel C. Smith to June 20th, 1863 170 Officers and Men This was a special command of civil engineers, draughtsmen, artisans, mechanics and sailors. The expense of organization and equipment was met by William Struthers, a distinguished Philadelphian. The outfit included tools, forges and material required in field work. The men carried short carbines. The company was mustered upon August 9th, 1862, and encamped at Camp Struthers, Philadelphia. Soon afterward the company was employed upon the defences in front of Washington. After the battle of Antietam the headquarters of the command was established at Harper's Ferry, and from that point the force operated in detachments, in the work of construction or destruction, for the assistance of the Army of the Potomac, as circumstances required. A portion of the company accompanied the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps when they were transferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and laid a pontoon bridge across the Ohio river at Belleair for the passage of the troops. In November, 1862, Capt. Wrigley was transferred to the Corps of Topographical Engineers, and was succeeded by First Lieut. Albert S. White. This officer died upon March 29th, 1863, and First Lieut. William Penn Gaskill commanded the company until July 5th, 1864. The last captain was Samuel C. Smith, who was out just prior to the discharge of the company upon June 20th, 1865. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT LIGHT ARTILLERY (First Light Artillery Reserves) Colonel Charles T. Campbell to December 9th, 1861 Colonel Robert M. West to May 29th, 1864 Lieut.-Col. James Brady to July 19th, 1865 Philadelphia Batteries C, D, G, and H Total Enrollment (Philadelphia Batteries): 912 Officers and Men Out of a large body of recruits gathered at Philadelphia by James Brady in April, 1864, four batteries of light artillery were finally organized, and with four companies from the interior of the State, and, subsequently, one from Washington, D.C., a regiment of field artillery was accepted by the State as the fourteenth of the Reserve Corps regiments, and when taken over by the National Government it was enrolled as the Forty-third of the Pennsylvania line. The Philadelphia batteries were armed and accoutered by the city, and the regiment, as a whole, was made ready for war by the State. The four local batteries, C, D, G and H were commanded, in the course of the war, by fifteen captains, and the practice of designating artillery organizations, in accounts of battles, by the names of their pro tem commanding officers leads to great confusion of identity. Battery C - Captains J. G. Simpson, Jeremiah McCarthy and Sharp L. Williams. 160 officers and men. Battery D (partly from Blair County) - Captains Edward H. Flood, Michael Hall, Andrew Rosney and William Munk. (Estimated) 148 officers and men from Philadelphia. Battery G - Captains Robert M. West, Mark Kern, Frank P. Amsden, Belden Spence and L. Eugene C. Moore. 330 officers and men. Battery H - Captains James Brady, Andrew Fagan and Lord B. Richards. 268 officers and men. The new artillery regiment thus provided by Pennsylvania under the law creating the reserve force was sent to the Government early in August, 1861, and located at Camp Barry, near the Capitol. As rapidly as the companies were supplied with horses and ammunition they were sent out to different divisions of the army, and each battery or group wrought its own history. The regiment was never thereafter gathered together. Battery C was assigned to Smith's Division, D and H to Buell's Division, engaged in constructing forts near Washington, and G was sent to McCall's Reserve Division. Subsequently C was united with D and H under Buell, but during the Peninsular campaign against Yorktown the three batteries were identified with Gen. Couch's Division, Fourth Corps. The history of these batteries is so nearly parallel that it is here presented (as in Bates' History) in group form. After the siege of Yorktown and battle of Williamsburg followed the deadly battles of Fair Oaks and Seven Pines upon May 31st, 1862, where the batteries won the praise of Gen. Keyes in his official report. After the battle of Gaines' Mill the artillery of the Fourth Corps covered McClellan's retreat through White Oak Swamp and at Charles City Cross Roads. At Malvern Hill the batteries were in reserve, and covered the rear of the column on the way to Harrison's Landing. In July several changes occurred among the officers through promotion. E and H were now constituted reserve batteries of the Fourth Corps, and garrisoned at Yorktown, on the Peninsula. C and D were still attached to Couch's Division and were incorporated in the Sixth Corps. The next great battle was at Antietam, upon September 16th, 1862, where the artillerymen defended the Burnside bridge. In December the three batteries were kept busy for a week in front of Fredericksburg, shelling the enemy across the Rappahannock. About this time C and D batteries were consolidated as Battery D. The campaign of 1863 opened with Chancellorsville, during which the batteries took part in the attack on Marye's Heights, and fought, the same day, at Salem Church. Battery D did not share in the glory of Gettysburg. Battery H made the march from Washington, but arrived after the close of the battle. Soon afterwards Battery D was transferred to the Army of the Shenandoah, with which it was in line at the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., October 18th, 1864, where the timely arrival of the Sixth Corps resulted in the recapture of their lost guns and turned defeat into victory. The artillery survivors of this fierce hand-to-hand battle were now reinforced from Washington by a party of recruits. Battery C was revived, and the two commands posted along the upper Potomac during the balance of the war. They were mustered out at Harrisburg upon the 29th and 30th of June, 1865. Battery G, together with A, B and E, shared in the campaigns of the Pennsylvania Reserve Division. Thus the Philadelphia artillery arm is represented in the enduring records of that splendid body of troops. The brief resumé of the deeds done by the infantry regiments is equally the story of its artillery. Battery G was the only one of the four Philadelphia companies which lost an officer in battle. Capt. Mark Kern was killed at Bull Run upon August 30th, 1861. At Gettysburg, Battery G was attached to the Third Volunteer Brigade, Artillery Reserve, and temporarily commanded by Capt. R. B. Ricketts. Battery H was also present at this battle. During the latter part of its term of service Battery G was garrisoned at Fort Foote, a massive defensive work upon the Potomac river, below Washington. The battery was finally mustered out, at Philadelphia, upon July 29th, 1865. The four Philadelphia batteries of the 43d lost, by death, eighty-one men. Very few were lost by capture. Taking into account the long list of engagements in which these troops participated, the relatively small number of fatalities, especially among the officers, as well as the fact of immunity from capture, are most remarkable. BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS[121] Battery C - Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, James River Road, Savage Station, Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Mayre's Heights, Salem Heights, Bank's Ford, (after consolidation with Battery D) Berryville, Opequon, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek Battery D - Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, James River Road, Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, Sulphur Springs, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Mayre's Heights, Salem Heights, Bank's Ford, Berryville, Opequon, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek Battery G - Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Pollock's Mill Creek, Fitzhugh's Crossing, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Morton's Ford Battery H - Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, Bottom's Bridge, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Gettysburg [121] Dyer's Compendium =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH REGIMENT ARTILLERY (Second Heavy Artillery) Colonel Charles Angeroth, Sr. to June 21st, 1862 Colonel Augustus A. Gibson to August 3d, 1864 Colonel James L. Anderson to September 29th, 1864 Colonel William M. McClure to March 8th, 1865 Colonel S. D. Strawbridge to January 29th, 1865 Total Enrollment: 5,315 Officers and Men The attractions of garrison service made the formation of heavy artillery regiments for the national forces an easy task. In the autumn of 1861 the 112th Regiment (Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery) was organized by Charles Angeroth, who had been identified as colonel with the 2d Regiment, "Washington Brigade," and as lieutenant-colonel with the 27th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. This command was intended to be a siege or field regiment to conform to the regulations of the United States Army. Ten companies were raised in Philadelphia and in the counties of Franklin, Allegheny and Monroe. Three companies were sent, upon January 9th, 1862, to Fort Delaware, and upon February 25th the remaining companies left camp, in Camden, N. J., for Washington, where they were garrisoned in the defences north of the city. Here, in March, the three companies from Fort Delaware rejoined the regiment, to which, later, were added two independent companies which had been recruited in Luzerne County and had also been stationed at Fort Delaware. These were designated Companies L and M. The 112th rebuilt and remained in the forts in the vicinity of Washington until May 27th, 1864. In the meanwhile, Col. Augustus A. Gibson, a captain of the regular artillery service, who had succeeded Col. Angeroth (resigned June 21st) upon June 25th, 1862, had drilled his command into a condition of great efficiency, and it had increased in numbers to the astonishing figure of 3,300 men. The Government finally issued an order, upon April 18th, 1864, organizing, from the surplus men, the "Second Provisional Heavy Artillery." Two days later this provisional regiment, officered from the old command, was sent to the Ninth Corps, joining it at Brandy Station May 4th, participating in all of its fighting at Mine Run, Spotsylvania, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Mine Explosion and Dinwiddie. With the single exception of the First Maine Heavy Artillery, this regiment lost more men killed than any other in the course of the war. Upon May 27th, the 112th joined the Second Brigade, Second Division, Eighteenth Corps, at Cold Harbor. Here the regiment was divided into three battalions and handled as infantry. The Second Battalion, under Capt. Paul T. Jones, participated in a charge in front of Petersburg, losing ten killed and sixty-five wounded. Upon August 3d, 1864, Col. Gibson was returned to service with the regulars, and Major James L. Anderson assumed the command. In the constant fighting around Petersburg and Richmond the regiment had lost more than half of its effective strength. The nine hundred were joined, upon September 5th, by the remnant of four hundred and thirty- seven men of the "Provisionals." This contingent had been a part of the assaulting column at the disastrous Petersburg Mine Explosion, losing there over four hundred men. In the assault at Chaffin's Farm (Fort Harrison) the 112th charged Fort Gilmer, losing four hundred and sixty- five officers and men killed, wounded and captured. In this battle Major Anderson was killed. His commission as colonel reached camp two days later. He was succeeded by Captain William M. McClure, of Battery F, who was promoted colonel October 30th, 1864. The original term of service ended in January, 1865; the men, however, very generally re-enlisted. While upon the James River the regiment was recruited to a strength of over two thousand men. Col. McClure was honorably discharged upon March 8th, 1865. The colonelcy reverted, upon April 16th, to Lieut.-Col. S. D. Strawbridge. Battery A participated in the capture of Fort Fisher, N. C. Part of Battery M manned the guns at Fort Stevens and Fort De Russe when Early made his attack on Washington. Two detachments of the regiment served in Light Batteries B and D, United States Horse Batteries. Those in Battery B fired the last guns at Appomattox. After the surrender the regiment was retained at Petersburg and in the lower counties of Virginia upon provost duty until its final discharge at Philadelphia, February 16th, 1866, being the last Philadelphia regiment, with one exception, in the service. It was the largest regiment in the Union Army.[122] [122] A full roster of the officers and men of the regiment and of the Provisional regiment formed in 1864 from the surplus men is on file at the War Department, Washington, but is not among the records of the Adjutant General's office at Harrisburg. All obtainable names are included in the very adequate history of the regiment prepared by George W. Ward, Secretary of the Survivors' Association. TOTAL LOSSES Killed or died from wounds - 163 officers and men Died from disease or other causes - 585 officers and men Captured - 863 officers and men =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= INDEPENDENT BATTALION (Marine Artillery) Major Hermann Segebarth About 300 Men Mustered January, 1862. Companies A and B of this command were assigned to duty at Fort Delaware, and were recruited, in August, 1862, to four batteries, which became, upon February 17th, 1863, a part of the Third Heavy Artillery. (152d Regiment) =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT (Third Heavy Artillery) Colonel Joseph Roberts to November 9th, 1865 Total Enrollment: 4,978 Officers and Men In August, 1862, Col. Hermann Segebarth received authority from the War Department to increase the two companies, forming a battalion of marine artillery (which had served at Fort Delaware in the preceding year), to a regiment of heavy artillery. A month later Major Joseph Roberts, of the Fourth United States Artillery, was engaged in the formation of a battalion of heavy artillery. The recruits were gathered from various parts of the State of Pennsylvania but were rendezvoused at Philadelphia and Camden, N. J. Early in 1863 these commands were consolidated as the 152d Regiment, Heavy Artillery. The original and recruited companies of marine artillery became Companies A, B, G, H, K and L. Roberts' battalion became C, D and F. Major Roberts was commissioned colonel and Hermann Segebarth became major. The regimental headquarters was established at Fortress Monroe. Company H was stationed at Baltimore.[123] Detachments served in the Naval Brigade, upon the James River and its tributaries, and at the capture of Fort Fisher. In an engagement at Smithfield, Virginia, the gunboat containing Company A was attacked and Capt. John Krause, with many of his company, were captured. Twenty-one of these prisoners perished at Andersonville and Salisbury from starvation. Company I was detailed as guard at headquarters, Army of the James, and in that capacity witnessed the scene of the surrender at Appomattox Court House. Upon April 1st, 1864, six hundred men from the regiment volunteered to enlist in a new regiment which was designated the 188th Pennsylvania Infantry. The several companies of the 152d were constantly sent out upon special service with the Army of the James and Army of the Potomac, acting, as occasion demanded, as light and heavy artillery and infantry. One of the detachments, a part of Company F, was returning from Wilmington, N. C., upon the steamer "General Lyon." This vessel was burned off Cape Hatteras and twenty-one of the men were lost. [123] Company H was sent to Fort Delaware from Camp Ruff, in Camden, under arrest for insubordination, due to a fraud practiced upon the men in connection with their bounties, an offense finally resulting in the discharge of Major Segebarth from the service. (Pennsylvania at Gettysburg, Vol. II, page 900.) The company was stationed at Baltimore during its entire term of service. At various times it served as a naval detachment, heavy and light artillery and as cavalry. It was present at Gettysburg as a light battery attached to the cavalry corps, one section taking part in the battle. It was recruited chiefly in Lebanon County, but contained a number of Philadelphians. At Fortress Monroe a portion of the regiment guarded Camp Hamilton, a prison and distribution camp, and after the close of hostilities in the field it was the lot of the 152d to guard the late President of the Confederacy. Few regiments in the service were called upon to perform such varied service and none performed it more effectively. Companies A and B were mustered out at Fortress Monroe July 11th, 1865. Company H was mustered out at Baltimore upon July 25th, 1865. The balance of the regiment was retained at Fortress Monroe until November 9th, when it was mustered out at that point. TOTAL LOSSES Killed or mortally wounded - 19 men Died from disease and in prison - 1 officer; 214 men SERVICE AND BATTLES Detachments of all the companies excepting H served at times in Graham's Naval Brigade upon the Virginia rivers. Companies A, B, F and G, defence of Suffolk, April and May, 1863. Detachment of Company A at Smithfield, N. C., February 1st, 1864, and at siege of Plymouth, N. C., April, 1864. Companies D, E and G serving in forts around Richmond and Petersburg, from May, 1864, to end of the war. Company F on guard duty at prison camp, near Fortress Monroe, from September, 1863, to end of the war. Company I at Headquarters, Army of the James, and present at the surrender at Appomattox. Company M acting as siege artillery with Army of the James to end of the war. Detachments of Companies F and G fought at Fort Fisher, January 15th, 1865. Company H stationed at Baltimore, was on duty at Gettysburg.[124] [124] The nature of the varied forms of service performed in the course of its line of duty by heavy artillery cannot be expressed in any enumeration of the skirmishes, engagements or battles its component parts may have experienced. The chief value of this arm is the guarding of forts and fortified camps, but its batteries were often found also upon the battle line and acting not infrequently with the navy. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= INDEPENDENT BATTERY E (Knap's Battery) Philadelphia Men: 40 Under the direction of Brig.-Gen. John W. Geary, by authority of the War Department, a number of men from the ranks of the 28th Regiment Infantry were detached, at Point of Rocks, Maryland, to fill a Pittsburgh company in the formation of an independent battery of light artillery. Forty of these men were taken from the two Philadelphia companies of the 28th. First Lieut. Joseph M. Knap, Company L of the 28th, was commissioned captain. This battery, mustered in upon October 1st, 1861, was thus intimately related to the 28th and served with the latter, under Gen. Geary, in the Army of the Potomac, Army of the Cumberland and in the campaign, under Gen. Sherman, from Chattanooga to Atlanta, Savannah and Goldsboro, N. C. In this campaign it fought in one of the late battles of the war, at Bentonville, N. C., on March 19th, 1865, being the only Pennsylvania battery present. Capt. Knap resigned upon May 18th, 1863, and was succeeded by First Lieut. Charles A. Atwell (killed at Wauhatchie, Tenn., October 29th, 1863). The third captain was James D. McGill, who resigned in July, 1864, and the fourth, Thomas S. Sloan. First Lieut. Edward R. Geary, son of Gen. Geary, was killed in the action at Wauhatchie, Tenn., October 29th, 1863.[125] [125] In addition to the two commissioned officers of the battery killed at Wauhatchie, the command lost twenty-four men killed and wounded out of forty-eight present. The enemy left upon the field more men than were in the entire Union force opposed to them. Capt. Knap commanded an emergency batter from Pittsburgh during the summer of 1863, and in 1864 organized a "90-day" militia battalion of independent artillery. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= INDEPENDENT BATTERY A (Heavy Artillery) Captain Frank Schaffer to February 28th, 1862 Captain Stanislaus Mlotkowski to June 30th, 1865 150 Officers and Men Recruited in the fall of 1861, this battery was stationed at Fort Delaware through the three years of its service. A detachment of non-re- enlisted men was mustered out September 19th, 1864. Those who re- enlisted as veteran volunteers remained at the fort up to the period of their discharge, June 30th, 1865. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=