Area History: History of Schuylkill County, Pa: W. W. Munsell, 1881 Township and Borough Histories pp. 263 - 278 Contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by R. Steffey. Typing and editing by Jo Garzelloni and Carole Carr. USGENWEB NOTICE: Printing this file by non-commercial individuals and libraries is encouraged, as long as all notices and submitter information is included. Any other use, including copying files to other sites requires permission from the submitters PRIOR to uploading to any other sites. We encourage links to the state and county table of contents. ____________________________________________________________ HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY, PA with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers. New York: W. W. Munsell & Co., 36 Vesey Street, 1881 Press of George Macnamara, 36 Vesey Street, N.Y. ____________________________________________________________ page 263 ______________ POTTSVILLE BOROUGH. When this century dawned the valley where now stands the capital of Schuylkill county, and the metropolis of the southern and middle coal fields, was an unused waste in an uninhabited and almost unknown portion of old Berks beyond the mountains. Sur- rounded by a district illy adapted to agriculture, and covered with a timber growth promising no rich harvest for the woodman's axe, the families of Lewis Reese and John began in the spring of 1800 to form the nucleus around which, in less than two decades, were to cluster the essential elements of a prosperous city. An humble hut, tenantless and decaying, told these settlers of 1800 where an illfated family, years before, had found their log fortifications unfit to shield them from the savage beast, and red men still more beastly savage. Tradition says-and tradition tells the truth quite as often as though it were called history- that in this log hut, which stood in Mauch Chunk street, the Neiman family were murdered. Tradition, which is never too prolix, here falls sadly short of its duty, and fails to assign the reason ____________end page 263.______________ Page 264 HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. ______________________________________________________________ for the apparently unjust slaughter. Mr. Neiman came to their hunting grounds, and choosing, instead of some fertile portions of the valley, a veritable mud hole, in which he appeared intent on obtaining a sustenance by the arts of agriculture, they thought him crazy, and killed him as a man unsafe to be at large, even among Indians. Lewis Reese was joint owner with Isaac Thomas and Lew Morris in a tract of land upon a part of which Pottsville now stands, and John Reed was one of their employes who came to assist, with other workmen, in digging a race and building a dam preparatory to the erection of a furnace and forge. About this time, and prior to 1803, several log houses were erected in the vicinity of the furnace for the use of the workmen. One of these, occupied by Mr. Reed's family, was two stories high and superior to the others, as Mr. Reed was regarded as the superintendent of the works. This house stood on a rough woods road, now Mauch Chunk street, on the west bank of the Schuylkill about forty rods, above the furnace, and in that house Jeremiah Reed was born, December 19th, 1800. It has been under- stood by three generations that he was the first white child born within the district which has since formed the borough of Potts- ville. Both his parents were from within five miles of this place, and had passed their lives as residents of this county. Thus the younger Reed had ample opportunity to learn from his relatives the early history of the neighborhood. To his patient recital the historian is indebted for valuable data relative to that history. ORIGINAL TRACTS AND ADDITIONS. The present boundaries of the borough of Pottsville include three original tracts of land, which in the respective patents are called Pomona, Stephens Green, and Coal Pit; parts of three other tracts, which are called in the patents Pine Grove, Honor and Norway; and parts of two others, on of which was surveyed on a warrant to Michael Bright, dated October 20th, 1794, and the other (called the Minnich and Zoll tract) on warrants to Conrad Minnich and Jacob Zoll, dated July 10th, 1792, and September 5th, 1794. On the 29th of July, 1751, a warrant was granted to Edmund Physick, of the county of Philadelphia, reciting that he had requested that the proprietaries "would grant to take up two hundred acres of land, including a large spruce swamp, about four or six miles from James Boone's land, on Schuylkill, county of Lancaster;" and directing the surveyor general to survey the lands. Under this warrant a survey was made November 2nd, 1762, of a tract of land containing 206 1/2 acres, with the customary allowance of six per cent, for roads, and which in the return of survey is described as "situate in Berks, formerly Lancaster county, over the Blue mountains." On February 12th, 1788, a patent was granted by the common- wealth of Pennsylvania for this tract of land, by the name of "Pomona," to Arthur St. Clair, William Morris, Luke Morris, and Samuel Potts, who, by sundry conveyances, succeeded to the right of Edmund Physick, the warrantee. On February 14th, 1788, a patent was granted by the commonwealth of Pennsylvania to Arthur St. Clair, William Morris, Luke Morris, and Samuel Potts, for a tract of land called "Norway," "situated on the backside of Tuscarora mountain, Berks county;" describing it by metes and bounds, and as containing 337 acres and 131 perches and allow- ance, and reciting it to be the tract that was surveyed in pursu- ance of application No. 1,516, entered May 21st, 1766, by Ellis Hughes, whose right had become vested in the persons to whom the patent was granted. On February 13th, 1788, a patent was granted by the common- wealth of Pennsylvania to Samuel Potts for a tract of land called "Coal Pit," "situated on the east of Schuylkill, at the north side of Tuscarora mountain, in Brunswigh township, Berks county;" describing it by metes and bounds, as containing seventy-three acres and allowance, and reciting that it was surveyed on a warrant granted to Samuel Potts, dated July 13th, 1751. On February 13th, 1788, a patent was granted to Arthur St. Clair, William Morris, Luke Morris and Samuel Potts for a tract of land called "Pine Grove," on the Tuscarora mountain, in Bruns- wick township, Berks county, containing 283 acres and allowance, and referred to as the tract that was surveyed in pursuance of an application, No. 1,520, entered May 21st, 1756, by John Melchior, whose right had become vested by sundry conveyances in the paten- tees. On February 11th, 1788, a patent was granted to Samuel Potts for a tract of land called "Honor," described as situate on a branch of the Norwegian creek, over the Second mountain, in Brunswick, Berks county, containing 141 acres and allowance, being "the tract of land which was surveyed in pursuance of a warrant granted to the said Samuel Potts, dated August 4th, 1787." The whole of the Physick or Pomona tract, Coal Pit tract, part of the Pine Grove tract, and a small part of Norway, by sundry conveyances became vested, in the year 1808, in John Pott, who in 1816 or 1817 laid out, on part of the Pomona tract, the original plot of Pottsville. The original town plot included only the lots on each side of Center street, between Union and Race streets, and the lots on each side of Mahantongo street to Sixth or Courtland street. Some time afterward John Pott laid out additional lots, which included the lots on the west side of Second street as now laid out, between Norwegian street on the north side of Center street, two hundred and eight feet north of Laurel street, and on the south side of Market street between Second street and a point about one hundred feet west of Fifth street. Several years after laying out this town plot John Pott sold to Jacob Alter a part of the Pine Grove tract, on which he laid out Coal street north of Norwegian street, and the lots on the eastern and western sided of Coal street, and which is known as Alter's Addition. John Pott sold to his son Benjamin a part of the Pomona or Physick tract, lying between the south line of the original town plot and the Stephens Green tract, on which Ben- ______________end page 264.________________ page 265 "ADDITIONS" TO POTTSVILLE-DISCOVERY OF COAL. _______________________________________________________________ jamin laid out a plan of lots that was known as Ben. Pott's Addition. John Pott also sold to Jonathan Wynn a part of the Physick tract and of Norway on the east side of Centre street, on which lots were laid out and it was known as Wynn's Addition. John Pott died intestate October 23d, 1877, and after his death proceedings were commenced by his heirs, in the Orphans' Court of Schuylkill county, for a partition of his real estate. The real estate was divided by the proceedings in the Orphans' Court into purparts, and a valuation placed upon each purpart. Purpart No. 4 included that part of the Pomona or Physick tract not included within the town plot of Pottsville, containing 101 acres and 113 perches, now valued at $7,763; and on July 28th, 1829, was ad- judged to Abraham Pott, one of the sons of the decedent. Abraham Pott conveyed one undivided half of these premises to Burd Pat- terson. On this part of the Pomona tract that part of the bor- ough of Pottsville known as Pott & Patterson's Addition was laid out, by Pott & Patterson, in the latter part of the year 1829. Purpart No. 2 included part of the Pine Grove tract, lying east of Norwegian street, and contained 68 acres and 70 perches. This purpart was adjudged to William Pott, one of the sons of the decedent. The title to this purpart, by sundry conveyances, became vested in Charles Loeser, as trustee, and on it was laid out, in the latter part of the year 1829, that part of the town plot of the borough known as Rhodes's Addition, or the eastern addition to Pottsville. Purpart No. 1 included the dwelling house of John Pott and the furnace, forge and Coal Pit tract, and part of Pine Grove; and contained 72 1/2 acres, valued at $23,287, and was adjudged to Benjamin Pott, a son of the decedent. The land included in this purpart became, by sundry conveyances, vested in Mr. Buckley and others, who, in 1830, laid out a town plot which was known as Buckley's Addition, and afterward as the Greenwood Addition; and, from the fact that there was an orchard upon it, it was sometimes called "The Orchard." Adjoining the Pomona tract on the south is the tract of land called "Stephens Green," for which, on February 24th, 1792, a patent was granted to Stephen Parchall, describing it as in Manheim township, Berks county, and as containing 52 acres and allowance. This tract, by sundry conveyances, became vested in Israel W. Morris. A town plot was laid out on part of this tract by his son Henry Morris in the year 1829, and it is known as Morris's Addition. By sundry conveyances the greater part of the Norway tract and part of the tract of land called Honor became vested in Samuel Kepner, who on January 20th, 1816, conveyed the same to the Schuylkill Navigation Company. This land was afterward known as the Navigation tract. The title to the Navigation tract, by sundry conveyances, became vested in Abigail McKnight, as trustee for the Bank of Kentucky, and in the Miners' Bank of Pottsville. The town plot known as "the Norwegian Addition" was laid out on this tract of land in the year 1852. That part of the Norwegian tract which lies in the valley of the West Norwegian creek has been known for forty years by the name of Fishback. The origin of the name, as applied to the locality, cannot be traced to any certain source. That part of Norway west of the Navigation tract is called, from its shape, "the Square tract." The title to the tract of land surveyed on the warrant of Michael Bright, adjoining the Physick or Pomona tract, on the west, in the year 1830, became vested in Joseph Wood and others, who laid out on it that part of the town plot of Pottsville known as Wood's Addition. Before Wood's Addition was laid out this land was known as the Eyre tract. Part of the Minnich and Zoll tract, adjoining Morris's Addi- tion on the south, in the year 1830 became vested in N. Thomon, who laid out a plan of lots called Thomon's Addition. A copy of the original town plot of Pottsville, and addition thereto by John Pott, and of drafts of the purparts with which his real estate was divided can be found in "Orphans court Docket No. 7, page 275, A seg." in the office of the clerk of the Or- phans' Court of Schuylkill county. The original town plot and the addition made to it by John Pott in his life time, and the several additions above mentioned, excepting the Norwegian Addi- tion, are laid down in Fisher's Plan of Pottsville, published in the year 1831. EARLY EXPLORATIONS.-COAL. About 1,800 acres of these lands were owned or controlled by Samuel and Thomas Potts, of Pottstown, and they associated with themselves General Arthur St. Clair, Jesse Potts, Samuel Baird, Thomas Rutter, and Thomas Maybury as a company to explore and develop the property. Of the character and extent of their labors very little is known, but the landmarks they left when they abandoned the experiment and dissolved the company, about 1798, indicated that a saw-mill on Norwegian creek and a few rafts down the river were the limit of the enterprise. It was while these lumbermen were here that the first anthracite was found, says a local tradition; but the efforts to burn it were not successful, and the explorers were persuaded that it was only a kind of rock, and so all notice of it was lost until John Pott, sen., was erecting the Greenwood furnace and forge in 1807, when another and more satisfactory experiment was made with the "black rock" as a fuel. This discovery was followed three years later by the opening of a vein of anthracite nine feet thick, while the same Mr. Pott was sinking the foundations for Orchard grist-mill. To these fortuitous circumstances, which unexpectedly attended the business operations of the first ten years of this century, the importance-and it may as well be written the existence-of Pottsville is due. The coal development having been made the subject of a previ- ous chapter no father mention of it need by made here; but these early accidents are of local importance as determining where first should commence the ___________end page 265.___________ page 266 HISTORY OF SCHUYKILL COUNTY. _______________________________________________________________ great industry which secures, now and for years to come, the wealth and importance of Schuylkill county. FIRST PERMANENT SETTLERS. The operations of John Pott, sen., were carried on at Potts- ville prior to 1810 by John Pott, jr., and Daniel Focht, as his superintendents. They found here the Reed house, previously mentioned; a log house occupied by one Alspach, where Charles Baber's residence now is one occupied by Anthony Schutt, on Lawton Hill; Thomas Swoyer's house, which stood where the livery stable on Union street now is; Nathan Taylor's house, on the present site of the Philadelphia and Reading freight depot, and the old Neiman house-or what remained of it. The reader is not familiar with all, or nearly all, the family names at Pottsville prior to 1809. The Pott furnace was completed in 1808, and the proprietor fitted up the Alspach house as a residence for himself and family, and in 1810 he came here to reside. His family record included these names: Maria, his wife, and their children, John, jr., Magdalina, Benjamin, James, Abraham, Mary, Catherine, William, and Jacob. This family con- stituted no small accession to the population of the place, which, by this time, included the families of several workmen who were attracted here by the prospects of profitable labor in the furnace. The Alspach house, orignally built of logs, was sided and painted, and was made the home of three generations of this old family. Here was born Benjamin Pott's daughter Hannah, the first white girl in the settlement. EARLY BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS. There was very little need of merchants in Pottsville as it was in 1824, when the place contained less than a dozen houses, but before June, 1831, the number of houses had increased to over five hundred, and within that period several commercial enter- prises were undertaken. A few quotations from notices in a very rare copy of the Miners' Journal will show some facts worth recording. The old paper is No. 24, vol. III., and bears date September 8th, 1827. "New Store adjoining Morris's Tavern.-The subscribers beg leave to inform the public that they continue business in the store occupied by Sillyman, Fister & Co. Just received: a gener- al assortment of dry goods, groceries, hardware, glass and queen's ware, &c, which they will sell for cash or country pro- duce. Thomas Sillyman." Samuel Sillyman." "New store-Dry Goods and Groceries. At the former stand of John C. Offerman, in the town of Pottsville. Daniel Stall." This was a two story-framed house on the present site of R.R. Morris's elegant brick block. "Pottsville Hardware Store.-The subscriber has received an as- sortment of knives, anvils, forks, nails, razors, files, plane irons, shears, locks, chisels, &c., which he will dispose of at Philadelphia prices. Samuel J. Potts." Mr. Potts came to Pottsville in December previous. His store, which was on the site of the Safe Deposit bank, was the first hardware store in the place. Fairchild Hodgeson and Charles Clemens were also early merchants in this line. "John C. Offerman informs the public that he continues the commission and transportation business at his storehouse at Mount Carbon, having sold his retail store at Pottsville. also that he runs a line of covered boats to Philadelphia." Freight was $4.37 1/2 to $5.00 per ton. "William Locker has taken the large dwelling house of Mr. Alter, opposite Miller & Rex's store, where he intends to keep a genteel boarding house." The old York store stood for years where Charles M. Atkins's residence is. It was a company store in connection with the coal company operating at the York farm. Neil and Patrick Crosby kept a primitive store in a log building near the present Bright & Co.'s, hardware store. MUNICIPAL ORGANIZATION. In 1827, by reason of the increase of population, a more con- venient system of local government was found desirable, and the subject of incorporating a borough was earnestly discussed. The inhabitants of Pottsville wished to have the town as then bounded incorporated into a borough and given the original name of the town, in honor of one of its oldest and most prominent families; but their Mount Carbon neighbors wished to have their town in- cluded in the borough. They also insisted on dropping the name the town had always borne, and styling the new borough Mount Carbon, in allusion to its local resources. Much ill-feeling was engendered by this discussion, but the borough line was finally settled to exclude Mount Carbon, and this town was incorporated by act of the General Assembly opposed by Governor Andrew J. Shulze, on the 19th of February, 1828. The corporate name given by the act was "the burgess and inhabitants of the town of Potts- ville, in the county of Schuylkill." The first borough election was held at the house of John Weaver, on Monday, May 7th, 1828, when Francis B. Nichols was elected chief burgess; John Pott, assistant burgess; Daniel Hill, high constable; Samuel Rex, clerk; and Jacob Kline, John Strouch, Benjamin Thurston, David Phillips and Samuel Brooks, councilmen. The first meeting of the council was at the house of George Shoemaker, May 9th, 1828. The Assembly of 1831 put a little more of that soul of wit called brevity into the name, and erected the town of Pottsville into a borough styled the corporation of the borough of Pottsville. The principal borough officers have been as follows: Chief Burgesses.-George Shoemaker, 1829; F.B. Nichols, 1830-32; John C. Ernst, 1833; Jacob Seitzinger, 1834; John P. Shinkle, 1835, 1836; Benjamin Coombe, 1837; Jacob Reed, 1838-40; Daniel Klapp, 1841; John M. Crossland, 1842; William F. Dean, 1843; Andrew Mortimer, 1844; Charles W. Clemens, 1845; Jacob Reed, 1846, 1847; B.T. Taylor, 1848, 1849; John C. Lessig, 1850; Jacob Reed, 1851; Jacob Kline, 1852; Jacob Reed, 1853; Nicholas Fox, 1854; George Jen- nings, 1855; Nicholas Fox, 1856; Daniel B. Christ, 1857-59; Samuel Chrisman, 1860, 1861; Daniel B. Christ, 1862; M.B. ____________end page 266._____________ page 267 POTTSVILLE BOROUGH OFFICERS-HOTELS-THE PRESS. ________________________________________________________________ Bell, 1863-68; Daniel Christian, Sen., 1869-72; N. Fox, 1873; William M. McAdams, 1874; M.B. Bell, 1875-80; Joseph Derr, 1881 Treasurers.-Samuel Sillyman, 1828-44, 1846, 1847; Thomas Foster, 1845; William Fox, 1848-51; Hiram Rigg, 1852, 1855-57; Alexander S. Morehead, 1853, 1854; Adam Shertel, 1858-76; Daniel R. Sher- tel, appointed to fill vacancy; Samuel M. Mortimer, appointed to vacancy, 1877; elected 1878-81. Solicitors.-Christopher Loeser, 1828; Thomas Morris, 1829; Edward Owen Parry, 1830, 1831, 1836-41, 1843-48, 1856-68; David Candor, 1832; William F. Dean, 1833-35; F.W. Hughes, 1842; James H. Campbell, 1849; Benjamin W. Cummings, 1850-54; Robert M. Palmer, 1855; B. Bryson McCool, 1869-81. Surveyors.-Enoch Lewis, Samuel B. Fisher, Samuel Lewis, Kinber Cleaver, Jesse S. Hawley, A.B. Cochran. Town Clerks.-Samuel Rex, 1828; Samuel J. Potts, 1829; Robert Woodside, 1830; David Candor, 1831; William F. Dean, 1832; Jacob Eyer, 1833, 1834; William F. Dean, 1835; Edward Owen Parry, 1836-41; Francis W. Hughes, 1842; Isaac Beck, 1843-45; Samuel Hartz, 1846-48; John H. Downing, 1849-51; James A. McBarron, 1852, 1853; Samuel Hartz, 1854-58; William L. Whitney, 1859; resigned in June and was succeeded by A.R. Whitner, who was re- elected 17 years; Daniel L. Krebs, 1875-81. Census returns for fifty years show the steady growth of the borough in population. They are as follows: 1830, 2,464; 1840, 4,337; 1850, 7,575; 1860, 9,444; 1870, 12,384; 1880, 13,246. HOTELS. The first hotel at Pottsville was erected in 1818, by George Dengler, and was known as the "White Horse Tavern." The sign-a figure said to represent a while horse-was executed in a high style of native art; and, although it was often mistaken by vulgar people for a white hog, it remained in its place while landlords, and loungers, and even the house itself, changed beyond recognition. Samuel Sillyman bought the house in 1840, and added a brick front. From 1848 to 1856 the late William Matz leased it, and after a few years bought it of $21,00, and put William Matz, his son, and Jesse Drumheller into it as landlords. Colonel Joseph M. Feger, now the popular host at the St. Elmo in Philadelphia, kept this hotel for several years. Reist & Co. leased it in 1880, and it is now known as the Merchants' Hotel. Some idea can be formed of the remarkable growth of the town from the fact that, while in 1829 there were but three hotels in the place, three years later the number had increased to twenty- five, and they were all doing a good business. Pennsylvania Hall, which was the first first class hotel in Pottsville, was opened in 1831 by George Shoemaker. The follow- ing persons have officiated as landlords: Richard Bishop, J. Haughawout, F. D'Estimanville, John Weaver, Jacob Peters, William P. Johnson, Herman Baird, Daniel B. Christ, F.B. Kaercher and William Whitney. Since 1872 William M. Reed has been the pro- prietor. The Mortimer House was built for a residence in 1823, and in 1825 converted into a hotel by Peter and Jacob Seitzinger. It soon passed into the hands of William Mortimer, sen., and was owned in his family until 1875, when it was sold for $40,000, and razed to make room for the Mountain City Bank building. The old Pottsville House, which stood where D.L. Esterley's hardware store is, was a hotel in 1830. Crosby Brothers built it in 1827, and Mrs. Old kept it as a boarding house for three years. George W. Slater was the last landlord in it. The Exchange Hotel, now kept by Samuel Parrett, was built about 1830, by Jacob Seitzinger, and was then called the Nation- al. Joseph Weaver, from Orwigsburg, kept it for several years, and at that time it was the stage headquarters, and known as the Exchange. During the war it became known as the Union Hotel, being the headquarters of the Union League. The Buckwalter tavern was built in 1828, by Jacob Buckwalter, and it is now a part of the Northwestern, which is kept by Cyrus Sheets. After the death of Mr. Buckwalter it was sold to Samuel Sillyman, who built the four-story brick addition which is now the main part of the hotel. Daniel Hill, William Stannard, William Glassmire, Levi Pearhart, Jerry Seigler, and A.K. Helms are remembered by those who have frequented this house. The Northeastern was built for a bakery, in 1830, by John Fellnagle, and in 1836 it came into possession of the present landlord, Captain Peter Woll. The Rising Sun was on the site of Leonard's Hotel until the fire of 1873. John Leonard bought it in 1864, and in 1870 leased it to John Reber, who called it the Farmers' and Drovers Hotel. The Trap was built by Nathan J. Mills in 1829, and was burned in 1850. The Lamb was an early hotel in North Centre street, abandoned in 1861. The American House was built in 1845 by Jacob Geiss. Colonel John C. Lessig, William M. Reed and Colonel C.F. Jackson were among the lessees of this house. Bernard Glunz's old house is the oldest framed building on Market street. It was used for a tavern by a Mr. Mills, and the cellar for a school. There was then an old stone house belonging to York farm. These two were the only houses above Tenth street until after 1840. The Eagle Hotel was another of those that sprang into exist- ence as if by magic in the speculating period between 1828 and 1833. It was at first a two-story framed house. The Moyer House, on the southwest corner of Market and Centre streets, was built in 1828-30 by Daniel Moyer. THE PRESS OF POTTSVILLE. For more than half a century Pottsville has been well sup- plied with local papers, but the large and well equiped printing establishments of to-day bear very little resemblance to the dingy corner wherin was hatched that winged messenger of intelli- gence which flew out, to find its first alighting place among the English-reading people of Pottsville, on the morning of the 31st of March, 1825. That effort of George Taylor to inform the people of the events of the week, by the use of coarse brown paper and _____________end page 267.______________ page 268 HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. __________________________________________________________________ an old Ramage press, although more of a success than the news- paper talk of Messrs. White, Ridgeway and others during two or three preceding years, was far behind the journalistic feats of the present day. This printing office stood on the present site of the First Presbyterian church, but the tenure of its standing was rendered precarious by Mr. Taylor's defense of the rights of corporations. He found out one morning that frail props had taken the place of the wall on the lower side of his building, and arrangements were quite complete for capsizing the concern. The offenders had only refrained form "pieing" the whole establisment on reflecting that the building also contained the post-office, and that they might be incurring especial hazard. Mr. Taylor disappeared from the field of local journalism about that time, and in October, 1827, a Mr. Bradford appeared as editor. Sergeant Hall soon succeeded him, and in April, 1829, the office passed under the management of the man who was to make it for years the leading paper of the anthracite region. Benjamin Bannan found the Journal in a very precarious state of existence, and in the hands of the sheriff. He bought the establishment at private sale for $800, and to its list of 250 subscribers he sent his first paper on the 29th of April, 1829. Devoting his personal attention to the compilation of coal sta- tictics, he very soon gave the paper a right to its name-the Miners' Journal and Schuylkill Coal and Navigation Register. The position of the Journal as an advocate of a protective tariff made it a very acceptable exponent of the interests of the pro- ducers in the coal and iron fields, while the statistical tables, fresh and complete, make it authority in two continents. While Mr. Bannan was a vigorous writer on the vaious public questions that arose, it was well for the interest of the edito- rial columns that he associated with him such writers as James S. Wallace, Benjamin W. Cummings, George Stouch, E. Bowen, Christo- pher Little, A.M., and F.B. Wallace. James S. Wallace, who had been engaged on the Louisville Courier-Journal, was a natural humorist, and brought to the paper much of the George D. Prentice style of wit. From the 10th of January to October 20th, 1838, the Journal was issued semi-weekly. For a few years after and including 1842 the business was nominally out of Mr. Bannan's hands, by reason of financial embarrassments, but he continued to edit and publish the paper as agent for the proprietors. His business course has been quite largely followed by the publishers in Pottsville, for a number of them have received the degree of A.G.T., while it is noticeable that the sheriff has been connected ex officio with several of the numerous newspaper herafter mentioned. Appearing again in 1848 as proprietor, Mr. Bannan materially improved the paper and added to its formidable title "and Potts- vills Advertiser." Politically, the Journal was Whig until party revolution made the opportunity for it to become the leading Republican paper of the county. On the 1st of July, 1866, the late Colonel H. Ramsey purchased a half interest with Mr. Bannan. This element in the business management threw new life into the concern, and mr. Ramsey at once undertook to secure for the place a dialy paper, something Mr. Bannan had advocated, and even advertised, thirty years before, but never ventured to undertake. the effort was successful, and on the evening of September 1st, 1869, the Daily Miners' Journal, a bright, newsy sheet, 20x80, made its first bow to an appreciative public. Early in 1873 Colonel Ramsey purchased the remaining half of the business, but Mr. Bannan continued to contribute articles until shortly before his death, July 31st, 1875. W.R. Cole became business manager for Mr. Ramsey in November, 1873, and continued in that capacity until after Mr. Ramsey's death, June 1st, 1876. The Journal, together with the Miners' Journal building, which Mr. Ramsey had erected at a cost of $55,000, became the property of P.W. Sheafer and Frank Carter, who organized the Miners' Journal Publishing Company May 14, 1877. Before the close of the year Mr. Sheafer sold his two-thirds interest in the Miners' Journal Publishing Company to J.C. Bright, who soon sold it to W.R. Cole, the present editor. Since the Daily Journal was established charles D. Elliott, F.B. Wallace, Philip Lindsley, Walter Rose and Thomas B. Fielders have been connected with the paper editorially. the news depart- ment is ably edited by Henry C. Sheafer, a clear and concise writer, and the local columns are judiciously managed and well filled by Frank C. Donnelly, who had been local editor since 1879. The death of Mr. Bannan terminated the Journal's uninter- rupted ascendency as a leading authority on coal matters, and not until Mr. cole gave his undivided attenion to this department did the paper regain its place as standard authority in matters of coal development and kindred industries. Schuylkill county, being the daughter of "old Berks," con- tained at the time of its formation, and yet contains, a popul- tion largely composed of people of German descent, who preserve the language of the fatherland. No doubt actualted by this fact, the late Benjamin Bannan of the Miners' Journal, commenced the publication of a $1.00 German newspaper in Pottsville, in Janu- ary, 1832. It was called the Schuylkill County Bauer, and, as the name Bauer (farmer) indicates, was devoted chiefly to agri- cultural interests. Orwigsburg being yet the county seat the political organs were published there. The Stimme des Volks (voice of the people), founded in 1828, was the official organ of the Democratic party, while the Demok- ratische Freiheits Presse (Democratic Liberty Press) advocated the principles of the Whig party. The proprietor of the latter, John I. Werner, in the year 1837, removed his printing office to Pottsville, whose growing importance as well as the attachment of a majority of its inhabitants to the principles of the Whig party attracted him there. The Bauer had discontinued, and thus Mr. Werner as the publisher of a German paper had the Pottsville field to himself for several years. Being elected sheriff of the county in 1846, he _____________end page 268._______________ page 269 JOURNALISM AT POTTSVILLE. _____________________________________________________________ disposed of his printing establishment in the following year to John P. Bertram. That year the publication of the Pottsville Adler was begun by C.G. Guenther, who in 1850 sold it to Lorenz Brentano, a politi- cal refugee from the old country, who changed the name to the Leuchtthurm (Lighthouse). Not finding the encouragement he probably expected, Mr. Brentano sold his paper in the following year to George P. Lippe, a practical printer, who again changed its name to Schuylkill Demokrat, and made it a Democratic organ. The county seat had in the meantime been removed to Pottsville, and the proprietor of the other German Democratic newspaper, the Stimme des Volks, published at Orwigsburg, not finding its publi- cation profitable after the removal of the county seat, sold it in 1854 to Mr. Lippe, who published both papers under the titles of Schuylkill Demokrat and Stimme des Volks. About this time the Whig party passed out of existence. The proprietor of its German organ in Pottsville, Mr. Bertram, there- fore gladly embraced an opportunity to sell out in the summer of 1855. The negotiations were made by a number of Democrats, who were dissatisfied with the political course pursued by the pro- prietor of the Schuylkill Demokrat. The purchase of the Demokra- tische Freiheits Presse was effected, and the first number of the new paper, called the Jefferson Demokrat, appeared on August 9th, 1855; it was published by three Philadelphia gentlemen, Gross, Kretschmar, and Rumberg, who disposed of their interests in January, 1856, to Hendler & Schrader. The new proprietors soon acquired a large circulation, and the publisher of the Schuylkill Demokrat, finding that he could no longer successfully compete with his rivals, sold his newspaper establishment to them on March 12th, 1864. Hendler & Schrader bought the English Demo- cratic newspaper the Pottsville Standard, on April 1st, 1869. H.J. Hendler, who had been elected treasurer in the fall of 1863, and served as acting treasurer for several of his successors, retired from the business on April 1st, 1873. The remaining partner, J. William Schrader, disposed of the English newspaper to F.A. Burr, has since successfully conducted the publication of the Jefferson Demokrat alone. It is an historical fact that when the Whig party became disintegrated it was succeded by the Know Nothing party, which subsequently gave place to the Republican party. The latter party at once saw the necessity of having a German organ in Pottsville, and in September, 1855, the first number of the Amerikanische Republikaner (American Republican) was issued from the Miners' Journal office, nominally by an employe of the Jour- nal, named Heisler. Some months later the new newspaper was transferred to John P. Bertram and A.E. Snyder, who announced that their paper would be independent in politics, but it soon went over to the Republican camp. The partnership continued until 1864, when Mr. Bertram, having received an appointment as internal revenue assessor, retired. In the following year Mr. Snyder took another partner, Casper Liebner, who remained a member of the firm of Snyder & Liebner until 1873, when Mr. Bertram bought him out, but Mr. Snyder conducted the newspaper till his death, which occurred on march 10th, 1880. The Pottsville Volksbbatt, an independent Democratic news- paper, was started by August Knecht in July, 1871, but suspended publication in May, 1873. Two years later Mr. Knecht assumed editorial charge of the Amerikanische Republikaner and since the death of Mr. Snyder has continued its publication, being a prac- tical printer as well as a careful writer. In 1844 the Welsh Baptist society of Pottsville established the Seren Orllewinol (Western Star), a dollar monthly magazine, with Rev. J.G. Harris as editor. It was published from the Journal office. In 1867 Richard Edwards published it from No. 9 Market street, and in the following year it was sold to Rev. A.J. Morton, of Scranton. The second experiment at English journalism in Pottsville was in 1830, when Hart & McKinsey undertook for two or three years the publication of a Whig paper called the Pottsville Advocate. The Pottsville Emporium and Democratic Press was the first English Democratic paper printed in SSTs county. Its establish- ment was not wholly an individual enterprise, for the managers of that party saw the necessity of a publication to oppose the vigorous policy of Mr. Bannan's Whig paper. John S. Ingraham, as editor and nominal proprietor, issued the first number of the Emporium in May, 1838. During the following year Judge Strange N. Palmer purchased it, and it was published by him and his son, Robert M., until some time in 1854, when it was united with the Mining Record. Its last editor, the late Hon. Robert M. Palmer, who had editorial control during the last ten years of its ca- reer, was speaker of the Pennsylvania Senate in 1860 and 1861, was subsequently appointed by President Lincoln minister to Equador and died on his return voyage. The Anthracite Gazette and Schuylkill county Advocate was the first formidable Whig rival of the Journal. Its weekly publica- tion was begun May 4th, (CDL), 1844, by Francis M. Wynkoop and Frank B. Kaercher, in Lippincott & Taylor's building, corner of Centre and Mahantongo streets. Politically allied with the Whig party, it earnestly advocat- ed the election of Henry Clay in 1844. The Mexican war took both proprietors from Pottsville, and September 6th, 1845, Mr. Wyn- koop, having previously purchased his partner's interest, sold the whole to Alfonso McDonald, who removed the office to North Centre street, opposite the town hall, and engaged John K. Clem- ent as writing editor. The paper during their management became an advocate of native Americanism, and in the first issue in 1847 John M. Crossland appeared as proprietor, J.W. Brewer as editor and publisher. Their management was a failure, both editorially and financially, and in April, 1847, Evan O. Jackson bought the remains of the concern and removed to Market street. Democratic funds gave some new life to the paper, but after one campaign it collapsed, and the material was bought by R.M. Palmer, of the Emporium. ___________end page 269._____________ page 270 HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. _____________________________________________________________ The Mining Register and Schuylkill County Democrat was established January 12th, 1850, by Charles M. Hall. It was edited by P.S. Dewald, a former foreman on the Emporium, and published from the old Daniel Phillips building in North Centre street. During its first year Garret L. Vleit became a partner with Mr. Hall and succeeded Mr. Dewald as editor. In 1854 the Emporium above mentioned was united with it, and the name made a sub-title to the Register. After one year Henry L. Cake bought the business, changed the title to Mining Record, and removed the office to Coal street, where the Pottsville House now stands. J.A. McCool was associate editor on this paper during the most of Mr. Cake's ownership, and made the paper very successful as a local and general newspaper. August 14th, 1858, the office was burned, and the paper was afterward issued temporarily from a private house in East Norwegian street. In 1861 Henry R. Edmonds became the proprietor, and the following year it was discontin- ued. Its attaches had enlisted until there was only one composi- tor left to edit and print the last issue. In 1854, about the time the Record and Emporium became unre- liable as a Democratic organ, Hon. William L. Dewart furnished capital to establish the Pottsville Gazette. It was printed in the second story of A. Grogan's store on Centre street, and edited by Abram Deyo. It was issued weekly through two political campaigns, then semi-weekly for about a year and a half, when the editor, suddenly turning his attention from journalism to matri- mony, eloped, and the paper stopped. The Gazette was devoted during its short life to the interests of Mr. Dewart, its found- er, the Democratic candidate for Congress, while its contemporary the Register and Emporium supported Joseph W. Cake, an independ- ent candidate. An effort was made by John C. Nevill, backed by Democratic funds, to revive the paper in the fall of 1856, but it was too dead, and after running as a campaign sheet for a short time the material was sold to Henry L. Acker. The Democratic Standard was founded by Henry L. Acker in 1857. It was a weekly of moderate pretensions, and its name indicated its party affiliations. The first number was issued August 9th from the old Gazette office in East Market street. Subsequently it was an aspirant for political honors, but in 1862, after failing to secure the nomination to Congress, he abandoned his political hopes in Pottsville and sold his paper to a Mr. Barclay, who moved the office to the corner of Mahantongo and Centre streets, the old Anthracite Gazette office. Mr. Barclay's sons, Cyrus N. and N. Clark, now editors of the Altoona Sun, soon succeeded their father, and in the spring of 1865 removed the office to the old armory building on Norwegian street. They employed J. Warren Conard, now editor of the Reading Daily Eagle, as principal writer for three years; admitted J.E. Eicholtz as partner, enlarged the paper, and changed the name to Pottsville Standard. This dropping of the party name from the title of the sheet aroused the suspicions and alienated the support of some staunch Democrats, who had not yet forgotten the course of a former paper professing to be a party exponent. In April, 1869, Hendler & Schrader, then publishing the Jefferson Demokrat, bought the Standard, retaining C.N. Barclay as local editor for a few months. This firm dissolved early in 1873, and Frank A. Burr became a partner with Mr. Schrader in April. Mr. Burr was an able writer, but his ideas of business management did not please his German partner, and in two months a dissolution and division took place. In February, 1873, William P. Furey, a former employe of Hen- dler & Schrader, began the publication of the Evening Transcript, a daily paper of some merit, but it never reached a paying basis, and in the following May was bought by Frank A. Burr, who contin- ued the publication of the Standard as a weekly after the disso- lution above referred to. Mr. Burr changed the name of Mr. Furey's daily to the Daily Standard, and published it as a daily edition of the Pottsville Standard. At this time began the famous career of the Daily Standard. It was enlarged to eight pages and a corps of writers employed sufficient to produce a metropolitan daily. Several such persons as Audubon Davis, George Lawson, and Charles Crutchfield were on the editorial staff. Fourteen cases of compositors were given employment, and the reading public might easily have inferred that the New York Herald had come to Pottsville in disguise. Every department of the paper, except the temperance column, was ably conducted; but there was not sufficient demand for such a paper to support it. The concern became involved with Yuengling & Son and others who had furnished the sinews of editorial warfare, and after absolv- ing the Schuylkill Free Press, a daily established by F.B. Wal- lace & Charles Schubert, its publication was suspended, and that of the Weekly Standard also. As a literary venture it was a brilliant affair, and Pottsville never need hope to see its like again; but it was a failure financially, and that is the test by which the most of man's endeavors stand or fall. Some months after the death of the Standard several gentlemen combined under the firm name of The Standard Publishing Company, for the purpose of resurrecting the Weekly Standard. Henry J. Hendler was made business manager and William Kennedy editor. They succeeded in reviving at least the name of the paper that had passed away, and on the first Saturday in August, 1874, published the first number of the new series of the Pottsville Standard. Since that time the paper has been regularly issued as a Democratic weekly, and under the able editorship of Mr. Kennedy has secured a circulation and standing which seem to assure for it a long life. The Chronicle Publishing Company was organized in the spring of 1875, and on the 17th of April the first number of the Evening Chronicle appeared, as a one cent daily, edited by Solomon Fos- ter, jr. It was the design ________________end page 270._________________ page 271 POTTSVILLE PERIODICALS-BREWERIES-IRON WORKS. ______________________________________________________________ of Mr. Foster, who was the dominant element in the company, to give the Democratic party in the county a daily organ, and fur- nish Pottsville with an evening paper. The Chronicle company soon disappeared, and as early as 1876 Mr. Foster appeared as sole proprietor and editor; and June 11th, 1877, the business was purchased by the Standard Publishing Company. About this time Channing Shumway succeeded Mr. Hendler as business manager, and Solomon Foster, jr., came into the firm as editor in charge of the Evening chronicle, which the company has since continued to publish as its founder originally intended. In editing the daily Mr. Foster, who is an energetic writer himself, is ably assisted by George F. Helms, local editor, who keeps the paper reliable as a daily chronicler of all that is desirable. The officers of the Standard Publishing Company are: Thomas F. Kerns, president; C. Shumway, treasurer; and A.W. Schalck, secretary. On the 23d of December 1872, Charles F. Garrett and Charles Spencer began the publication of the Pottsville Evening Advertis- er. It was designed primarily as an advertising sheet, but before the completion of its first year the publishers began to insert more of local and general news. Some time in August, 1873, Mr. Spencer having retired, the sheet was issued as a penny daily. There was nothing particularly brilliant in its career, and its soul, if it had any, went up in the gunpowder smoke of the fourth of July, 1874. The Legal Chronicle was published by Solomon Foster, jr., a member of the Schuylkill county bar, as editor and proprietor from January 11th, 1873, to December 25th, 1875. It was designed originally as the official court organ of the county. The Legal Record, the present court paper, is edited by Arthur J. Pilgrim. It was begun in January, 1879, by Mr. Pil- grim, assisted by Mr. Heilner. The Workingman was a periodical devoted to the interest of the Miners and Laborers' Benevolent Association. It first ap- peared in 1873, and during its brief existence John Siney and C. Benjamin Johnson were connected with its publication. In April, 1874, John Boland, a gentleman prominently identi- fied with the Emerald Benevolent Association, began the publica- tion of the Emerald Vindicator, a monthly quarto devoted to the advancement of that fraternity in the United States and Canada. The following year it was doubled in size, and it has since been issued as a folio. The Sunday-school Helper, a monthly magazine published by the Sunday-school Association, was in some sense the exponent of the Schuylkill county association. It was ably edited by Charles M. Wells. In this magazine they published the National Berean Sunday-school Lessons. These were edited for this work by Rev. A.H. Semboyer, of Reading, for a time, and then by Rev. George A. Peltz, of Newark, N.J. the first number of this magazine was issued in January, 1872; the last in April, 1875. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. BREWERIES. In the year 1829, when American brewing was a business in its infancy, the late D.P. Yuengling established the Eagle Brewery at Pottsville. He was an enterprising gentleman, of good business ability, and he established a reputation throughout the State for the uniform excellence of al goods which he put on the market. In 1832 his buildings were entirely destroyed and were then rebuilt in substantial manner, as they now stand, on Mahantongo street, although they have been enlarged at various times since. The present managing proprietor, Frederick G. Yuengling, was admitted by his father as a copartner in 1873, when the firm name, D.G. Yuengling & Son, was adopted. At his death of the senior Mr. Yuengling, in September, 1877, his widow, by the provisions of his will, succeeded to his inter- est in the business, and the firm name remains the same. The present capacity of production is about 175 barrels per day of porter, ales, brown stout and lager; and the actual production is fully half of the whole amount manufactured in this Congressional district. The Eagle Brewery has been the training school for several of the most successful men who are now in the business. The well known Mr. Betz, of Philadelphia, D.G. Yuengling jr., and Henry C. Clausen of New York, each acquired their practical knowledge in the Eagle Brewery at Pottsville. The Orchard Brewery was first operated by A.S. Moore, about 1830. George Lauer became the owner five years later, and fol- lowing him was Frederick Lauer, who sold it to Henry B. Lauer & Co. It is now leased by Lorenz Schmidt. The Market Street Brewery.-In 1865 Charles Rettig and John Leibner started a small brewery on the Port Carbon road, near the eastern boundary of the borough. Three years later the business required more room, and demanded a better location. Accordingly they erected the Market street brewery at Nos. 818, 820 and 822 Market street, and occupied it before the close of 1868. Mr. Leibner continued in the firm until 1878, since which time Mr. Rettig has been sole proprietor. The business employs eight men. The annual product is about two thousand barrels of lager beer, ale and porter. COLLIERY IRON WORKS, GEORGE W. SNYDER PROPRIETOR. These works were established by the present proprietor and the late B. Haywood in the year 1835, for the manufacture of mining machinery in the then comparatively new anthracite coal region, and they may be said to be the parent of nearly all similar establishments in this part of the State of Pennsylvania. The changes in the character of the machinery needed for mining purposes are well illustrated by a comparison between the older and newer drawings and patterns to be seen here, furnishing an interesting record, typical of the growth of the coal trade. Beginning with single engines of about 20 horse power _____________end page 271._____________ HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. ______________________________________________________________ then deemed adequate to raise the coal and pump the water from a mine of full capacity, one is now shown double winding engines, varying from 200 to 300 horse power, capable of raising coal at the rate of 1,000 tons per day from a single mine. In the pump- ing machinery too, the same remarkable contrast is presented. The buildings cover one entire block and portions of two addi- tional blocks, and the equipment is adequate for the construction and handling of the heaviest work. In the years 1838 and 1839 Mr. Snyder built the blowing ma- chinery for the Pioneer furnace, where the experience of mining pig iron with anthracite coal was first made a commercial suc- cess. In the years 1844 and 1845 he constructed the machinery for the Monitor Iron Works at Danville, Pa., where it is claimed the first T rails made in the United States were manufactured. In 1852 the works were enlarged to the present capacity, em- bracing foundry and machine shop, smith and boiler shops, pattern and car shops. THE PIONEER FURNACES. Near the spot where the old furnace and forge were erected in 1807 William Lyman, in 1839, manufactured the first pig iron by the use of anthracite fuel. His blast furnace was purchased, in 1853, by Atkins Brothers, and rebuilt and enlarged. They built their second furnace in 1865, and still another in 1872. The business is now giving employment to 250 men, and by the annual consumption of 50,000 tons of anthracite and 85,000 tons of limestone, reduces 70,000 tons of ore to pig iron. SCHUYLKILL COUNTY STEAM SOAP AND CANDLE WORKS. This industry, which was established in 1844, by Charles F. Kopitzsch, has come to be an important and profitable manufactur- ing business. The famous brand of "Ocean Soap" is made here; and a score of others, each favorable known in the trade, together with his various brands of wax, sperm and adamantine candles, have made the name of this enterprising German known as widely as that of any manufacturer in Schuylkill county. The present factory buildings were erected in 1878. THE ORCHARD IRON WORKS. This business is located in that part of the borough which has taken a local name in allusion to the orchard which John Pott set out there, soon after he came to the place in 1810. The iron works were founded here by John L. Pott, in 1848. The principal business is building machinery for iron mills, and in this branch of machine work the proprietor is well known in all the iron producing States. To operate the works to their full capacity would require the labor of 100 men, and in some urgent cases as many as 140 have been employed. Some of the best machinery in use in the county was built here. SIMON DERR'S STOVE WORKS. In 1848 Joseph Derr established this business at the corner of Norwegian and George streets, and in 1851 the present proprie- tor became his partner. The partnership continued until 1864, when Joseph Derr retired and built the foundry which is occupied by the Adams Brass Works, at corner of Norwegian and Coal streets. While Joseph's venture proved disastrous after eleven years' trial, his brother, who remained in the stove business, conducted it safely and successfully through the perilous panic that closed nearly every similar manufactory in the country. Since becoming the sole owner Mr. Derr has enlarged the capacity and size of the works, and is now making twenty different pat- terns of common stoves. On this corner, now occupied by these works, was once a morocco tannery, carried on by Elias Derr and William Brick. As early as 1836 there was a small foundry on what is now also a part of Mr. Derr's grounds. In 1853 the Derr Brothers made the first portable double-heater ever known, and several were successfully used in Pottsville and Philadelphia. The ones sent to Philadelphia evidently led to the appearance of the celebrated Vulcan heater, patented in 1855. NOBLE'S BOILER WORKS. John J. Noble and James Noble started in the steam boiler business October 10th, 1852, in the old foundry on the island, which they rented of Mr. Andrew Russell. In 1854 they built the boiler shop on Railroad street, opposite the freight depot. In 1857 John T. Noble and James Noble dissolved partnership. James Noble went to Rome, Ga., and John T. Noble kept the boiler works on Railroad street. The business done in the shop averaged about $25,000 per annum. SPARKS, PARKER & CO. Jabez Sparks, formerly superintendent of the Wren Iron Works, bought land of the Greenwood estate in 1855, and in company with his brother, John Sparks, and Edward Greathead, began the boiler works on Coal Street, manufacturing boilers, smokestacks, venti- lating stacks and mine fans. A few workingmen with but little capital soon built up this business to $100,000 per annum. Mr. Greathead was killed in 1857, and John Sparks retired in 1860. five years afterward Mr. Sparks took into the partnership his son William and his son-in-law, Hiram Parker. The firm then carried on business under the name of Parker, Sparks & Co., Mr. Jabez Sparks being a silent partner. In 1879 the land was sold to the Philadelphia and Reading Company for $42,000, and the business was afterward removed to the Joseph Derr property, corner of Coal and Norwegian streets. HARDWARE HOUSE OF L.C. THOMPSON. The wholesale and retail hardware house of Mr. L.C. Thompson, at the corner of Center and Market streets, Pottsville, an illus- tration of which is given, was established by Messrs. Stichter & Thompson in 1856. Ten years later, Mr. Thompson became the sole proprietor, and as such carried on the business for several years, until his brother, Heber S. Thompson, became associated with him and the firm was known as L.C. Thompson & Co. _________end page 272.__________ page 273 POTTSVILLE BUSINESS HOUSES. _____________________________________________________________ Later Heber S. Thompson retired from the business, which has since been conducted by L.C. Thompson. During a period of a quarter of a century this business has been successfully carried on at the same place with- _____________ A line drawing of the business conducted by L.C. THOMPSON was in this position on this page in the original book. It is listed on this same page in the Table of Contents. Original text follows the divider line. _____________ out interruption, and during that time Mr. L.C. Thompson has been either a sole or partial owner and the active manager. It is one of the most extensive of its kind in the coal regions and is widely and favorable known. THE PENNSYLVANIA DIAMOND DRILL COMPANY. The diamond drill was introduced into this county about 1863 by the inventor, Rudolph Leschot, of Paris, France. In 1869 the Pennsylvania Diamond Drill Company was organized, under the management of Samuel E. ____________ A line drawing of the PENNSYLVANIA DIAMOND DRILL COMPANY was in this position on this page in the original book. It is listed on this same page in the Table of Contents. Original text follows the divider line. __________________ Pennsylvania Diamond Drill Co.'s Works, Pottsville, Pa. Griscom. The company at once turned its attention to prospecting mineral lands, the drill being especially adapted to that pur- pose, as by its use a " ore" or cylindrical section of the mate- rial bored could be obtained and inspected, affording exact information as to the nature, thickness and depth of coal, iron and other mineral deposits. Experience soon demonstrated that, while the diamond drill was far superior to any other drill for the purpose, it was yet quite imperfect, and after many experi- ences and a heavy expenditure of means the company and a heavy expenditure of means the company have succeeded in improving the various parts, until they now have the satisfaction of obtaining as many feet of "core" as they do of "boring" either in soft or hard rock. In boring for bituminous coal, which is especially liable to crumble, they are able to give a foot of "core" for a foot of "boring." All of the essential features of the machinery are protected by letters patent, to the number of thirteen. The drills in their improved condition are excellent artesian well borers, boring them perfectly round and straight, admitting a larger pump in proportion to the size of the hole than by any other means of boring; and the wells being straight the pumps and rods work to better advantage and with less wear than in crooked wells, the drills being so constructed that they pierce in an absolutely straight line, even in passing from hard to soft rock, or vice versa. The Diamond Drill Company have bored tens of thousands of feet or prospecting holes and thousands of feet of blasting holes for driving tunnels and sinking shafts, by new "long-hole" proc- ess, which consists of boring the desired number of blast-holes at once to their full depth or to the depth of 200 or 300 feet, filling them up with sand and extracting the sand to the depth desired to place the explosive charge, and firing all the holes simultaneously by electricity. By this process half the time usually required in sinking shafts is saved. The two deep shafts sunk near Pottsville by the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company were sunk by this process, and with such rapidity that during some months they were put down 100 feet. A short time after the organization of the company a small shop was rented, which was then as large as was demanded by the business. As orders increased facilities were added from time to time. The exhibition of this company at the _____________end page 273._____________ page 274 HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. _______________________________________________________________ Centennial Exposition, in 1876, was so creditable that it result- ed in the receipt of orders for drills from abroad, the first of which came from Australia. The foreign demand for the diamond drill has since then so greatly increased that they are in use throughout Australia, South America and Europe, everywhere giving unbounded satisfaction in prospecting for gold, silver, copper, lead, iron ore and coal. Some of the principal improvements made by this company are in the mode of extracting the core from the hole and insure its extraction in considerable sections, enabling the proprietor to easily note the character of the various strata through which the drill penetrates. The first application of diamonds to the miner's art and practical rock drilling was made in 1863 by Professor Rudolph Leschot, of Paris, France, the inventor of the diamond drill. There are two kinds of black diamonds used in pointing drills, known as "carbons" and "borts;" the former resembling in shape small irregular pieces of gravel. The latter is the real diamond, which from its imperfections is unfit for jewelry. The stones are brought principally for American use from Brazil; some have been brought from Siberia and some, more recently, from South Africa. The part played by the diamond drill in testing supposed mineral deposits and in other important enterprises can scarcely be over-estimated, but it can scarcely be realized except to those practically acquainted with mining with and without it. FISHBACK AND JALAPA. The borough of Pottsville, as it now is, is the aggregation of several communities, some of which still retain their local names. The north ward (Fishback) and the seventh ward (Jalapa) are examples. Fishback occupies one of the five conterminous valleys in which the borough is situated. Its name, in the vernacular of the Teutons, alluded to the West Norwegian creek, which drains this valley, and was evidently applied to it before the sulphur water from the mines above had made the stream quite tenantless. The Pottsville rolling mills are located here. These mills were built in 1853, by John Burnish & Co., and came into posses- sion of Atkins Bros. in 1865. The producing capacity is 35,000 tons of rolled iron per annum. Car rails, beams, channels and angles, used in architectural and bridge work, are principally manufactured. The business employs 750 men. The principal business at Jalapa is the Pottsville Pork and Beef Packing House. The buildings occupied by this business, on Railroad street, were commenced by this business, on Railroad street, were commenced in 1873, by Jacob Ulmer and David Neuser. The building covered a space 190 by 60 feet, consisting of an ice-house and storage room 70 by 30 feet, four stories high. There are also a slaughter house, 120 by 20 feet, two stories, with capacity for killing 75 hogs daily; three smoke-houses 12 by 12, 35 feet high; and engine, chopping machine and boiler room, 25 by 15 feet. April 9th, 1874, Mr. Ulmer bought Mr. Neuser's interest in the business, and completed the building on the 8th of June, 1874. Two months later Mr. Louis Stoffregen became partner with Mr. Ulmer. This partnership continued until August 25th, 1875. Since then Mr. Ulmer, as sole proprietor, has made constant improvements to a constantly increasing business. In the spring of 1878 he purchased an adjoining lot of 190 by 30 feet, on which he built an ice-house 70 by 30 feet, with double cellars of that size, so that he now has storage rooms for 500,000 pounds of meat. The following spring the slaughter house, cutting rooms and chill rooms were enlarged to furnish conveniences for killing 250 hogs per day. From the cutting room there are three schutes running to the sausage rooms and ice cellar. the engine furnishes steam for use and to run the chop- per, the elevator, and the fan which supplies the air currents to the killing rooms. The floors are all inclines planes, that of the killing room being of stone. The data furnished show that they are killing annually 8,000 hogs, 400 beeves and 800 small stock. Beside this they buy large shipments of case meats and of lard. This business, with a capital of $100,000 invested, has an annual trade of over $200,000. Here at Jalapa are also the stock and drove yards. Years ago-the exact date is not ascertained-there was a drove yard established here by William Stein. It was kept to accommodate drovers and dealers, whose stock was temporarily kept by Mr. Stein until they could sell. In 1869 Conrad Seltzer began busi- ness as a dealer in live stock, at what is now known as the Pottsgrove Yards. In 1887 his son William Seltzer purchased this property, enlarged the yards and built sheds, so that now he can handle one hundred head of cattle at a time. There are one and a half acres of land in the yards, and the sheds are arranged with feed and water in each. There are also arrangements in the yard for caring for sheep and hogs. This branch of the business is under the control of A.W. Seltzer. At the corner of Coal and Nicholas streets the Schuylkill County Stock Yard is located. This yard was established in 1862. The partners in this firm are Louis Stoffregen, L.W. Weissinger and David Neuser, trading as Stoffregen & Co. In 1875 the part- nership was dissolved, since which time L.W. Weissinger has been dealing exclusively in horses and cattle his yard being known as the Pottsville Stock Yard. He has done a business of from $10,000 to $12,000 per month. The small-stock part of the busi- ness has been carried on, since the dissolution of the of the partnership, by William Neuser at the Schuylkill County Stock Yards. BANKS AND BANKERS. The Miners' Bank.-The development of wealth and population during a few years, including 1826, gave occasion for the forma- tion of the first bank at Pottsville in 1828. In February of that year the Legislature passed an act incorporating a bank to be located at Pottsville, and creating a commission consisting of Levi Ellmaker and Robert Easp, of Philadelphia; Edward B. Hubley and Jacob Seitzinger, of Reading; Benjamin Pott, ___________end page 274._____________ page 275 BANKS OF POTTSVILLE. _______________________________________________________________ Francis B. Nichols, and Charles A. Bradford, of Schuylkill county; Joseph Paxton, David Cleaver, General Daniel Montgomery and William Donaldson, of Columbia county, to carry the act into effect. On the 29th of September following the charter was issued to the Miners' Bank, authorizing it to business, with $200,000 cap- ital, until January 1st, 1840. Francis B. Nichols was the first president, and Daniel J. Rhodes cashier. Business was carried on in the building now occupied by Felix Strouse's jewelry store in Centre street until 1831, when the present substantial bank building was erected. On the 25th of February of that year Mr. Nichols resigned, and on March 4th John Shippen was appointed to the vacancy. The Legislature extended the charter from time to time, and on the 18th of April 1856, authorized an increase of capital to $500,000. The bank was converted into a national banking association on the 30th of December, 1864, as No. 649, with a paid up capital of half a million, and a circulation of $360,000. Up to this time the cashiers in order of succession had been Daniel J Rhodes, J. Craven, Joseph Thomas and Charles Loeser. Mr. Loeser died in 1869, and on July 13th Frederick Patterson was appointed. The vacancy occurring by his retirement February 1st, 1870, was filled by the appointment of William L. Whitney, the present cashier. The present board of directors are William Fox, George Rosengarten, John L. Pott, George W. Heebner, Jesse Turn- er, John Shippen, John W. Webber, Charles A. Meck and James Muir. The election of January 13th, 1880, placed Mr. Shippen for the fiftieth years as head of this institution, and continued Mr. Whitney as cashier. In December 1880, A.K. Whitner, for several years the paying teller, was succeeded by John P. Stine. The clerical force of the bank also included Samuel S. Shippen, bookkeeper, Frank Whitney, Charles I. Loeser and Reuben Jones, clerks. _________________ In this place in the original book is a line drawing of THE SAFE DEPOSIT BANK OF POTTSVILLE It is listed on this same page in The Table of Contents Original text follow the divider line. ________________ The Safe Deposit Bank of Pottsville was chartered February 18th, 1870, as a safe deposit company, with banking privileges, and commenced business January 11th, 1871, with an authorized capital of $200,000. Their building, on Centre street, was erected in 1870, by the company; it has an iron front, and the whole building is absolutely fire-proof. It was built with special safe-deposit rooms, the safe standing on a bed of native rock. In addition to the bank safe it contains an immense bur- glar proof safe, with some 130 or 140 apartments which are rented to individuals for storing valuable packages. The officers of the bank are: C.H. Tyson, president; F.B. Kaercher, secretary and treasurer; C.H. Hazzard, teller. The present directors are C.H. Tyson, F.B. Kaercher, R.F. Weaver, R.C. Green and William B. Rudy. A.S. Moorhead and Lewis L. Huntzinger, former directors, are deceased, and Charles Baber and George De B. Keim retired. The paid up capital is $100,000. The Pennsylvania National Bank is one of the soundest banking institutions of the State. It was declared open by the United States comptroller of the currency on the 18th day of September, 1866, as bank number 1,863, with a capital of $100,000. Jacob Huntzinger was the first president, and Charles H. Dengler cash- ier. The president resigned November 5th, 1867, and his son, J. Albert Huntzinger, was chosen to the vacancy. In October, 1869, the president and cashier both tendered resignations, and Mr. Dengler was elected president, and Wallace P Ryon cashier. On the 14th of January, 1873, R.F. Lee, the present head of the institution, was elected president, which position he has since filled, and Joseph F. Dengler was appointed cashier. July 10th, 1875, the capital was doubled, and on February 11th of the fol- lowing years Joseph F. Dengler's connection with the bank termi- nated, and Daniel L. Krebs has since held the appointment of cashier. The other officers are D.H. Seibert, teller, and Frank Roseberry, clerk. The present board of directors are Thomas A. Reilly, Walter S. Sheafer, John W. Roseberry, R.F. Lee, John Hock, Jesse Drumheller, M. Bright, William E. Boyer and Robert Allison. The present surplus of the bank is $18,333. The Government National was chartered as the Government Bank of Pottsville, under the laws of this State, on the 25th of February, 1863, with a capital of $50,000. The present officers, William F. Huntzinger, president, and H.H. Huntzinger, cashier, were first elected in March, 1863, when business was commenced in the building then occupied by the Miners' Trust Company. The next year the bank was moved to the Esterly building, corner of Centre and Mahantongo streets. The capital was increased June 27th, 1864, to $2000,000, and on the 15th of the following May the institution was converted into a national bank. The capital was again increased in April, 1872, to half a million, and it has since been decreased to $10,000. Since April 1st, 1874, business has been carried on in the substantial building erected by LeFev- er Womelsdorf, South Centre street. Mechanics' Safe Deposit Bank.-In 1852 the Pottsville Life Insurance and Trust Company was incorporated, with insurance and Trust Company was incorporated, with insurance privileges; $20,000 were paid in, which was one-fifth the authorized capital. The officers were, and they still are, Nathan Evans, president; B.F. Taylor, secretary and treasurer. In 1873, by order of court, the name was changed to 'The Mechanics Safe Deposit Bank.' ___________end page 275.____________ page 276 HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. ______________________________________________________________ Miners' Trust Company Bank.-In 1850 a charter was granted to John Henry Adams and Jacob Huntzinger, and their successors, to do business at Schuylkill Haven, with a capital of $100,000, as a mutual life and healthy insurance company. A supplement to the charter, February 17th, 1854, changed the name to The Miners' Life Insurance and Trust Company of Pottsville, where business was first begun in that year. The marvelous career of this institution was foreshadowed by the business of the year 1854, when, with a paid up capital of $12,500, the average deposits exceeded a hundred thousand dollars. A second amendment to the charter, May 24th, 1871, changed the name to The Miners' Trust company Bank. Payments were suspended August 4th, 1876, and the deed to the assignees was signed September 14th. No man's busi- ness career in Schuylkill county ever exerted an influence great- er than that of Jacob Huntzinger, who was practically the head of this concern from the first. The manifest at the date of closing showed $1,322,228.54 due the depositors; bills payable, $133,000; contingent fund, $40,000. The assets, appraised at only $200,000, were found practically worth much less. Beginning with the year 1855 the following figures show the per cent. of annual cash dividends paid to the owners of this marvelous bank stock; 10, 20, 24, -, 6, 10, 12, 6, 5, 13 1/2, 25, 25, 7, 18, 100, 30, 30, 40, 30, 16, 5, and on July 1st, 1876, a semi-annual dividend of 4 per cent. The Pottsville Bank did business at Lyceum Hall block, Market street, from March 4th, 1872, to April, 1873, when it removed to the Seitz building, in Centre street, and suspended. Henry Saylor, Charles H. Woltjen and William Garrett were its officers. The National Bank of Pennsylvania was chartered on the 25th of May, 1864, as a State bank, with a capital of $200.000. Its career was a brief one, and its business was closed during the latter part of 1866. November 26th of that year its board of trustees passed a resolution that the Miners' Trust Company redeem its circulation, as it had been a bank of issue. Jacob Huntzinger was its president, and Charles H. Dengler cashier. The Farmers' Bank of Schuylkill County was incorporated by an act of April 14th, 1845, and commenced business at Schuylkill Haven two years later. In 1851 it was removed to Pottsville, and transacted business for a time in the building now the residence of Judge Walker, in Mahantongo street. Judge George Rahn was the first president, and was followed in succession by A. Reifsnyder, Henry Saylor and Joseph W. Cake. An act of Assembly in 1870 provided for the closing of the affairs of this bank, and George R. Kaercher was appointed receiver. The Mountain City Bank was chartered April 8th, 1870, and began business with $100,000 capital, which was twenty per cent, of the authorized stock. Its officers were: John W. Roseberry, president; John Davison, vice-president; Charles H. Dengler, secretary and treasurer. They built an addition to the Seitz building, in Centre street, and occupied it until 1875, when their elegant bank building, valued at $100,000, was erected on the former site of the Mortimer House. The career of this insti- tution was a brief one. The magnificent building is one of the attractions of the business portion of the place. The Merchants' Exchange Bank is another of the defunct insti- tutions that once flourished in Pottsville. It was chartered in March 1873, and commenced business with a capital of $62,000. The German Banking Company, with a stock capital of $100,000, went into operation in Marcy, 1872, at No. 5 Market street. Francis Altstatt was its first president, and during its existence Jacob Ulmer was vice-president, James W. Nagle and John P. Bertram treasurers. FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Among the numerous institutions which have contributed large- ly to the popularity of the plan is the Pottsville Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Pennsylvania. In June, 1869, a number of enterprising and energetic citizens, believing in the feasibility of the plan, determined to organize this company, on the mutual insurance principle, and the following named gentlemen applied to the Court of Common Pleas for a charter, viz.: Frederick Haesel- er, Francis Altstatt, A.J. Reith, John P. Bertram, J. Ackerman, George Melot, B. Glunz, D.B. Seidel, William Huntzinger, Daniel Saylor, Levi Huber and D.G. Yuengling. A charter was duly granted by the court, and a full organiza- tion of the company was immediately effected, with the following officers: President, Francis Altstatt; vice-president, William Huntzinger; secretary, Frederick Haeseler; treasurer, D.B. Sei- del. directors: J.P. Bertram, A.J. Reith, Levi Huber, C.T. Bowen, Daniel Saylor, Joseph Ackerman, G.S. Melot, J.A. Swalm. The first risk was taken and a policy issued on July 15th, 1868, since which time the company has successfully maintained itself and established a reputation throughout the State as a reliable and trustworthy institution. According to its last annual statement its assets have increased to $350,197.39, and the losses paid during its existence have amounted to many thou- sands of dollars. The company is doing business throughout the State, and policies are now in force to the amount of $2,321,015.46. THE BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION. The depression of business in Pottsville during the few years including and following the year 1867 gave rise to an especial demand for the organization of some medium of action for a people proverbial for their charity, at a time when unusual demands were likely to be made upon them. Accordingly, during the summer of 1867, measures were adopted which, on the 11th of October of that year, resulting in the permanent organization of the Benevolent Association of Pottsville. A constitution was framed, under which any person might become a member of the association by contributing one dollar to the general fund and subscribing the constitution, the preamble of which recited the duty to be binding upon all persons to aid in alleviating and pre- _____________end page 276.________________ page 277 POTTSVILLE BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION. _____________________________________________________________ venting the misfortunes and sufferings of their fellow citizens. Many noble men and women were identified with the initial steps of this organization. They recognized the untiring efforts of a few of the most earnest workers in electing the following gentle- men as their first board of officers: William L. Whitney, presi- dent; Rev. Emanuel Oppenheim, vice-president; Henry C. Russel, treasurer; John W. Bickel, corresponding secretary; Oliver C. Bosbyshell, recording secretary; Milton Boone, John Heebner, John M. Miller, John P. Bertram, and Henry Gressang, managers. By the continual re-election of President Whitney the society claimed for ten years the aid of one who from the very first especially devoted his energies and influence to the association, and who by common consent is regarded as its founder. The mem- bers of the association believed that the various contributions improperly made, too often without inquiry into the habits and circumstances of the recipients, would, if distributed systemati- cally and with prudence, be sufficient to relieve the necessities of all the worthy poor within the borough, and that the associa- tion could ultimately defeat the mendacious tricks of the street beggars and the professional tramps, while ministering to those who might be found deserving of their charities. The plan of operation was to divide the borough into ten districts, each of which was placed under the supervision of one of the ten members of the executive board. With each of these supervisors were associated a number of male and female members are district visitors, so that all cases of application for aid could be easily investigated. The by-laws provided that the relief committee should have control of the purchase and distribution of clothing and sup- plies, and enter in a book an account of such purchase and dis- tributions, the names and residences of the parties relieved, the kind and amount of relief granted, and report to the board at each stated meeting. Some of the reports of the district supervisors during the first years of the association showed that the experienced mendi- cant had impositions always ready to practice upon them; but, as relief was always rendered in kind instead of cash, the funds of the society were not perverted to the furtherance of intemper- ance, and this was a desirable change from the old system of indiscriminate giving. One of these reports, made by that benev- olent rabbi Rev. Emanuel Oppenheim, contained these words: " What made this undertaking such a grand success are the broad princi- ples of charity we have builded on. We supported without dis- tinction of religion, race or color." The association's principal sources of revenue are the volun- tary donations of private individuals, but churches, corpora- tions, lodges, and societies are frequently among the liberal contributors. It was understood from the first that no personal solicitations would be made for the support of the association, but that in place of the importunate solicitations of begging committees the revenues, whatever they might be, should arise from the charitable inclinations of the people who might choose to sustain it. The first year's work was in most respects brilliantly suc- cessful. The first report of the executive board says: "The experience of the year has convinced the board that the voluntary plan is the proper one; and they feel confident that their fellow citizens will continue a liberal support, and that they will not require to be urged to the performance of a duty of charity and benevolence." On the 16th of May, 1870, a petition was presented to the court, asking that the association be granted the powers and immunities of a body corporate. Accordingly, by a decree made on the 10th of the following month, the constitution of the associa- tion became the charter of the corporation. Thirteen years of the workings of the association have demon- strated its utility, and it is now more firmly rooted than ever before in the affections of this benevolent people, who sustain it with pride as one of their creditable institutions. Several changes have been made in the board of managers, but they have had but two presidents: Milton Boone succeeded Mr. Whitney in 1877. The present officers are: Milton Boone, president; Rev. B.F. Patterson, John C. Harper, vice-president; Charles H. Wolt- jen, treasurer; General J.K. Sigfried, corresponding secretary; George W. Kennedy, recording secretary; John A.M. Passmore, Dr. Charles T. Palmer, Andrew B. Cochran, George chambers and Michael Bright, managers. For six years this benevolent association developed and ex- tended its broad charities under the plan first adopted; but there was one field of operations in which it was powerless. It was found that many of the fittest objects of charity were the children of dissolute parents, whom to aid in their wanton idle- ness and vice would be to abuse the benevolence of the public, and yet to leave the innocent children to grow up in the very schools of vice was an abuse of the public confidence; for it had been believed that the association would ultimately find a remedy for this state of affairs. During the two years preceding the 24th of May, 1872, this defect in the plan was under considerations, and on that day a committee was appointed to consider the possibility of establish- ing, under the auspices of the association, a "home" where these cases could be properly provided for. This committee, of which John A.M. Passmore was chairman, reported progress from time to time until March 7th, 1873, when a plan was approved, and on the 4th of the following month the constitution was adopted and a board of managers elected for "The Benevolent Association's Home for Children." This board of managers consisted of twenty-one members of the association, twelve gentlemen and nine ladies, who were elected for one, two, or three years. The officers of this board were those who had been most earnest encouragers of this beautiful charity. John A.M. Passmore, who was especially iden- tified with this enterprise, was very properly placed at the head of this home as president, with Hon. Solomon Foster, vice-presi- dent; __________end page 277.___________ page 278 HISTORY OF SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. ______________________________________________________________ Emma St.C. Whitney, corresponding secretary; James W. Nagle, rec- ording secretary; Henry C. Russel, treasurer, ex officio. The home was formally opened on the 24th of May, 1873, in a rented building, pleasantly situated in Agricultural park. This was formerly a park and the building was originally the Park Hotel. The house and grounds are now owned by seven individuals. Six of these owners annually donate the use of their interest to the home, leaving but one-seventh of the rent to be paid by the association. Mrs. Albertine Bigelow, the first matron, served until 1880, and most faithfully did she discharge her duties. Dr. F.W. Boyer was attending physician for three years and was then succeeded by John T. Carpenter. By the rules adopted, children between the ages of four and twelve years, free from any incurable or contagious disease, are admitted without distinction of creed, race or color. Since the opening of the home the number of children cared for has averaged annually about thirty. The fact that children are indentured from the home has become known in other parts of the State, and the inmates are thus, as far as possible, secured good permanent homes, free form their early associations. During the seven years of its existence the home has received donations in cash averaging $2,151 per annum, besides the various contributions of materials. From its organization there have been connected with the home both a day-school and a Sabbath-school. The efforts of the matron to maintain an interesting Sabbath-school have been sec- onded by earnest workers outside of the institution, and very efficient help has been rendered by Miss Sarah Loeser, William L. Whitney, and John A.M. Passmore. Mr. Passmore was president of the home until 1877; P.W. Sheafer succeeded him until 1879, when John Phillips was elected. The present board of officers are: William L. Whitney, presi- dent; Milton Boone, vice-president; Charles H. Woltjen, treasur- er; Mr. M.F. Parry, corresponding secretary; General J.K. Sig- fried, recording secretary; J. Lineaweaver, solicitor; Mrs. Maria Sands, matron; J.T. Carpenter, M.D., physician; P.K. Filbert, dentist; Daniel Downey, barber. Managers.-William L. Whitney, Milton Boone, Charles H. Woltj- en, General J.K. Sigfriend, J.T. Carpenter, M.D., J.A.M. Pas- smore, John Phillips, Samuel H. Kaercher, George Chambers, Frank Carter, P.W. Sheafer, George W. Kennedy, Mrs. James Lanigan, Mrs. M.F. Parry, Mrs. J.P. Stein, Mrs. Charles H. Woltjen, Mrs R.R. Morris, Mrs. A. Townsend, Mrs. Guy E. Farquhar, Mrs. William L. Whitney, Mrs. Pauline C. Taylor. End