MILITARY HISTORY: Part I - York Rifle Company, 1775-1908, York County, PA Contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by Judy Banja Proofread by Abby Bowman Copyright 2004. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/york/ ________________________________________________ HISTORY OF THE YORK RIFLE COMPANY From 1775 to 1908 AUGUSTUS LOUCKS YORK, PA. 1908 PREFACE IN collecting material for writing a history of the York Rifle Company, of York, York County, Pennsylvania, sought access to every possible source of information, as far as my limited means would permit. If I had anticipated half the difficulty in prosecuting the researches when I started this work, I certainly would not have entered upon the undertaking. Although I spent months in search of materials, the collection is far from satisfactory to me, but I was constrained and plead with by men of all ages not to relinquish the work, as it would be important history for future generations. Whether the best judgment has been exercised in the selection of the material on hand, and the happiest arrangement adopted, is not for me to decide. I strove to make the fairest use of them. As to the diversity of style appearing in this book, we would here "interpose" the remark that, except in a few instances, the very words of authors quoted, and of contributors, were preserved. I would, therefore, in view of these facts, claim the indulgence of the reader for any imperfections he may notice. That I have sometimes been too rapid in recital, and again, too particular in detail, I know. This I could not avoid in order to connect detailed facts and events, as I did not have all the materials before me when I commenced the compilation, consequently could not know when to be brief or when to enlarge. Situated as I was, "to strike a new, (lark and devious path, without a guide to follow," was the only course left me. With these facts before him, the good natured critic it is believed, will excuse the compiler. The acknowledgments of the compiler are due for facts furnished by the following gentlemen: Edwin C. Eppley, Emanuel Hoke, Harry Lehman, Henry Koch, George V. Metzel, Oliver Peters and Frederick Zorger. WASHINGTON. [portrait] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 9 HISTORY THE earliest information that it was possible to gather concerning THE YORK RIFLE COMPANY is taken from a period prior to the war for the independence of our country. It was at a time when the spirit of patriotism fired the hearts of the colonists; when heroic sacrifices were being made and battles fought, that, inspired by one common cause and desiring to aid the struggling masses against the manifest injustice of the mother country, there was organized in York, Pennsylvania, on the 26th day of June, 1775, a Company of riflemen. The Captain of this Company was Michael Doudel. The History of York County in treating on "Continental Troops" says: "The roll of Captain Doudel's Company did not comprise more than one-half of its strength; research has failed to complete it." This is a lamentable fact, as it would be a matter of much interest to be able to give a full and detailed mention of all its officers and men. The following, however, appear to have been the officers of the Company besides the Captain above named: Henry Miller, First Lieutenant; John Dill, Second Lieutenant; James Matson, Third Lieutenant, and the following members: Walter Cruise, Robert Armor, John Farguson, George Armstrong, Robert Graft, John Beverly, John Griffith, Christian Bittinger, Joseph Halbut, William Cooper, Richard Kennedy, George Dougherty, Thomas Kennedy, John Douther, Abraham Lewis, Abel Evans, John McAlaster, John McCrary, Joshua Minshal, John McCurt. James Mill, Edward Moore, Matthew Shields, Daniel Lelap, John Brown, Thomas Campbell, William Cline, David Ramsay, Jacob Staley, Andrew Start, Tobias Tanner, John Taylor, Patrick Sullivan, Isaac Sweeney and Cornelius Turner. These are all that are accounted for by those who returned after the war. 10 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. The Committee of York County addressed the Pennsylvania Delegates in Congress as follows: Yorktown, July 1, 1775. Gentlemen: - We had the honor of receiving your favor of the 15th ultimo, enclosing a resolve of the Continental Congress of the 14th ultimo. We immediately summoned the Committee of this County, and laid before them your letter, etc. The Committee proceeded to the choice of officers fit to be recommended to the Congress to command the Company HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 11 of Riflemen to be raised, and appointed six commissioners to provide the necessaries for them, and the people of Yorktown dispersed themselves through the County, and assisted the officers in recruiting. The men seemed actuated with the greatest zeal, and thought themselves honored in having their names enrolled among the sons of liberty, who are to fight for their country and in defense of their dearest rights and privileges. The only uneasiness they feel is, that they are not at this moment at the scene of action. The Committee now take the liberty to recommend to you Captain Michael Doudel, Lieutenants Henry Miller, John Dill and John Watson. They are men whose courage we have the highest opinion of. We are, gentlemen, your most humble servants, JAMES SMITH, GEORGE IRVIN, JOHN KEAN, JOSEPH DONALDSON, THOMAS HARTLEY, MICHAEL HAHN. Union Flag. The first recognized Continental Standard, raised for the first time January 2, 1776. 12 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. Rules and regulations governing Riflemen in 1775 were as follows: Every private of a Rifle Company was required to furnish himself with a good rifle, a powder horn, a charge, a bullet mould, a bullet screw, twelve flints, a strong pouch or bag that would hold four pounds of balls, or such other accoutrements as may be proper for a rifleman. Any rifleman leaving a family not able to maintain themselves, the district from which he came, was required to make provision for such maintenance. They were not allowed to meet at any hotel on any day of exercise, not to march to any tavern before they were discharged from muster. All men of the age of 15 to 50 years, capable of bearing arms, who did not enlist, were assessed two pounds and ten shillings each to defray the expenses of the army. The uniform consisted of a blue coat, with white facing, white waistcoat and breeches, black stock and half gaiters, and a round hat with blue and white feather. The commissions of the officers were dated June 25, 1775, and signed by John Hancock, as President of Congress. These men joined the army purely from motives of patriotism. These brave volunteers left York on the 1st day of July, 1775, for Boston, and marched the entire distance on foot, and arrived at Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the 25th day of July, 1775, and immediately tendered their services to General George Washington to take the transport stationed in Charles River. This duty having been assigned to others, the Company awaited orders, and during the evening of the day of their arrival, orders were given to march down to the advanced line of the army at Charlestown Neck for the purpose of surrounding the advance guard of the British. The Company divided. Captain Doudel, with thirty men, filed off to the right of Bunker Hill and' creeping upon hands and feet reached the rear of the British without being discovered. The other division of forty men under Lieutenant Henry Miller were equally successful, having stealthily crept to the rear. HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 13 BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL, CHARLESTOWN NECK. 14 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. The divisions were within a short distance of each other, when the British discovered their presence, and the main body of the enemy's army came down the hill and advanced to battle. The York Riflemen under Captain Doudel were lying closely crouched to the ground awaiting the approach of the enemy, and when within twenty yards, the British opened fire. Immediately the Riflemen returned the fire, killing several of the enemy and capturing two prisoners. The enemy were driven back, with no loss of life to the Rifle Company. The Company was at this time connected with the Second Regiment of the Second Brigade. After this engagement the Company proceeded to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and soon after its arrival there, Captain Michael Doudel resigned his Captaincy, on account of ill health, and Lieutenant Henry Miller became Captain. Walter Cruise, one of the Riflemen, was captured by the enemy on the 29th day of July, 1775, and was held as a prisoner for seventeen months, but was finally released, and was promoted to a Captaincy, and William Kernahan, of the Company; was made a member of the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, which subsequently was named the Washington Life Guard. On the 12th day of March, 1777, Captain Miller was made Major of the First Regiment, and on the 1st day of July, 1778, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second Regiment. After the resignation of Captain Michael Doudel, Lieutenant Henry Miller became Captain, and served in that position until he was promoted to Major, which occurred on the 12th day of March, 1777. James Matson was appointed Captain on the same day and commanded the Company at the battles of Paoli, Brandywine and Germantown and served until 1778. The Company participated in the following battles: Bunker Hill, Boston, Fort Washington, Trenton, Princeton, Long Island, Brandywine, Paoli, Germantown; Chestnut Hill, White Marsh and Monmouth and served Until 1778. In the Moravian Diaries of York, July 1, 1775, is recorded the following: HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 15 This afternoon a Company of a hundred men of this town left for the American Army in New England with the ringing of bells, after a sermon had been preached to them by the Presbyterian minister on the text, 2 Samuel 10:12, in which they were exhorted to keep God before their eyes during their expedition, and then they could be assured of His protection and guidance; otherwise this would not be the case. They passed through Bethlehem, Pa., on July 8th. In his "Reminiscences of New York in olden times," J. Barnitz Bacon makes the following note on the passage of Doudel's Company through New York: Presently more music - from the direction of Dey street this time. It must be WILLIAM HOWE. [portrait] 16 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. the General! No! it was only a Rifle Company from Pennsylvania on their way to Boston. Captain Doudel's Company from Yorktown with Lieutenant Henry Miller in command - the first Company west and south of the Hudson - belonging to Col. Thompson's Regiment, afterwards, Hand's, and bearing the first commission issued by Congress after Washington's. Yorktown offered so many men that the young Lieutenant - he was only 24 - chalked a small nose on a barn door. "I'll take only the men that can hit that nose at one hundred and fifty yards," said he. "Take care of your nose, General Gage," said the newspapers of the time. Both Yorktown and Henry Miller afterwards became noted in Revolutionary history. A hundred Rifles filled his ranks as they marched on to Kingsbridge. John Adams in one of his letters describes these Pennsylvania Riflemen as an "excellent species of light infantry. They use a peculiar kind of musket, called a rifle. It has a RIFLEMAN OF 1775. [illustration] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 17 circular bore or groove within the barrel and carries a ball with great exactness to great distances. They are the most expert marksmen in the world." This description coming from so prominent a source, would seem to imply that such equipment was unknown in previous warfare. Bancroft says: "They taught the observing Frederic of Prussia to introduce into his service light bodies of sharpshooters, and their example has modified the tactics of European armies. On July 1, 1775, the committee of Yorktown wrote to the Pennsylvania delegation in Congress that The men were of the very best material and courage, and that their Captain had behaved very well on this occasion and done all in his power by advancing money, etc., to forward the cause." THE MARCH TO TRENTON. [illustration] 18 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. From Moor's Diary of the Revolution, August 9, 1775, "The Riflemen from York County annoyed the British regulars very much. By a gentleman who left Boston, we hear that Captains Percival and Sabine, of the Marines; Captain Johnson, of the Royal Irish, and Captain LeMoine, of the train, were killed on Monday. Captain Chetwyn, son of Lord Chetwyn, is mortally wounded. The number of privates killed this week we have not heard. The regulars have thrown up a breast-work across the neck at the foot of Bunker's Hill to secure their sentries and advance guards." The foregoing record was now a daily occurrence. The York Riflemen became a terror to the British and caused consternation among the English people because so many officers of prominent families were picked off by them. In the history called "Pennsylvania, Colonial and Federal," the following appears: "Although the plan of the military associations, whereby, among other features, the men elected their officers, and their attendance was so constant and CAPTAIN HENRY MILLER. [portrait] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 19 the drilling so careful that it was the opinion of most strangers that Pennsylvania had the best Militia in America." We find in Rupp's History, the following: "Those who belonged to this Company, (meaning Captain Michael Doudel's Company), may be called enlisted volunteers, for they actually enlisted, and bound themselves to military service for the space of one year, and this they did 'of their own heads,' without being required, or even so much as requested thereto, by the State or by Congress." ROLL OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY, NOV. 4, 1776. Captain - Henry Miller. First Lieutenant - James Matson. Second Lieutenant John Clark. Privates William Allen, Charles Liness, Robert Armor, John McAlister, George Armstrong, John McCrory, John Bell, George McCrea, John Beverly, John McCurt, Christian Bittinger, Joseph McQuidton, Richard Block, James Mill, George Brown, Joshua Minshall, John Burke, Edward Moore, Thomas Campbell, James Morrison, William Cornahan, Patrick Murphy, Robert Conyers, John Patton, William Cooper, Michael Quin, Thomas Crone, John Quint, George Dougherty, Andrew Sharp, John Douther, John Shavin, Able Evans, Joseph Shibbey, Thomas Fanning, Mathew Shields, John Ferguson, Andrew Start, William Goudy, James Smith, Patrick Graft, Jacob Stahley, John Griffith, Alexander Stevens, Joseph Halbut, Patrick Stewlen, Robert Harvey, Mathew Stoyle, John Humphries, Thobias Tanner, Richard Kennedy, John Taylor, John Leiper, David Torrence, Abraham Lewis, Timothy Winters, John Line, Edward White. 20 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. In Frothingham's "Siege of Boston" the following appears: "The Southern Riflemen from York, Pa., attracted much attention. They had enlisted with great promptness, and had marched from 400 to 700 miles. They were remarkably stout, hardy men, dressed in white frock or rifle shirts, and round hats, and were skillful marksmen. At a review, while on a quick advance, fired the balls from their rifles, into objects of seven inches diameter, at a distance of 250 yards. York in Pennsylvania, Nov. 1st, 1777. Sir: - The arms of the United States of America having been blessed in the present campaign with remarkable success, Congress has resolved to recommend that Thursday, December 18th, next, be set apart to be observed by all the inhabitants throughout the United States for a general Thanksgiving to Almighty God. Your Excellency will be pleased to take the necessary measures for carrying this resolve into effect in the State in which you reside. I am with great esteem and regard, Sir, your Excellency's most obedient and humble servant. (Signed) HENRY LAURENS, President of Congress. Colonel Thomas Hartley, a distinguished officer from York and a personal friend of Washington, wrote to His Excellency Joseph Reed, President of Congress, March 12, 1779: ARMS ENGRAVED BY LOWNES, 1778. [illustration] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 21 "They (the people of York County) knew that they had been as patriotic as any that the York District had armed first in Pennsylvania, and had furnished more men for war and lost a greater number than any other district on the continent, of the same number of inhabitants." Tracing the history of this Company, we find that Captain Joseph McClellan commanded the York Riflemen, and left May 26, 1781, at 9 A. M., with the army commanded by General Anthony Wayne, for the Southern campaign. They camped 11 miles west of the Borough, on the road to Fredericktown, and passed through Hanover, Peter Little's-town (now Littlestown, Pa.), Taneytown, Md., to the Monocacy, and passed through Fredericktown, Md., about 8 P. M. on May 31. They crossed the Potomac at Noland's Ferry into Virginia and formed a junction with Marquis de Lafayette's troop on June 7, 1781. GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE. [portrait] 22 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. In a skirmish with Lord Cornwallis' troops, Captain Joseph McClellan was wounded and was compelled to leave the army. He resigned and returned to York, Pa. After the resignation of Captain McClellan, First Lieutenant John Farmer was elected Captain of the Company. ROSTER OF COMPANY. Captain Joseph McClellan. First Lieutenant - John Farmer. Second Lieutenant - John Taylor. Third Lieutenant - Patrick Sullivan. First Sergeant - Daniel Vanderslice. Second Sergeant - Hugh Hearren. Third Sergeant - Sampson Dempsey. First Corporal - Samuel Woods. Second Corporal - Christian Young. Third Corporal - Valentine Miller. Quartermaster - Jacob Staley. Drummer - George Stewart. Privates. Nicholas Howe, Patrick Rock, Samuel Lacount, Thomas Rendals, Samuel Netherhouse, Andrew Shafer, James Sedgwick, Robert Eagen, Nathan Turney, Jonathan Thomas, James Allison, James Hanes, Philip Briulls, James Callahan, John Davis, John Connelly, George Alfred, John Allison, Henry Harper, John Davis, George Pention, George Hister, Thomas Summer, Joseph Parker, Adam Coch, Nathan Roberts, Daniel Saliday, James Young, Daniel Benhart, George Shafer, Frederic Rainsick, Peter Maier, Jacob Powls, Robert Armstrong, Langlilin Morrison, Michael Hendeiliter, Thomas Powell, Simon Lauk (now Loucks). Francis Mathews, Samuel Lewis, Charles Stewart. HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 23 Lafayette in a letter written to Captain Joseph McClellan stated, "The Company of which you were Captain, is a model military organization, and I commend them for their strict military discipline and wonderful marksmanship. I have no finer troops under me; always willing and ready to do their full duty." After the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Va., in 1781, the Company returned to York, Pa., and were given a great ovation by the citizens of the town in the evening. The town was illuminated, bonfires and fireworks were numerous. MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE. [portrait] 24 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. SURRENDER OF LORD CORNWALLIS. (Old print.) HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 25 The Company kept up the organization until 1783, when it disbanded. From the commencement of the Revolution, to the close of it, the inhabitants of York County were active in defense of their common country, and ardently devoted to the cause of American Independence. General Anthony Wayne spent about three months in York, Pa., during the Revolution. And on Monday, February 1, 1796, he paid a visit to York, Pa., and remained over night, and was given a public dinner in honor of his visit. In 1791, a miniature rebellion against the United States Government was started by the farmers of the Monongahela Valley, which threatened at one time to lead to very serious consequences. The farmers in the valley raised great crops of rye, and to get better prices, they began everywhere to distill the grain. The same year the general Government laid a tax upon whiskey, and set about collecting it. This bore heavily upon the farmers of this region. At first they remonstrated against paying the tax, and some of the best citizens of the neighborhood. were with them - such men as Albert Gallatin, Hugh Henry Breckenridge, General Gibson, and others. But when remonstrances failed, the people resolved upon more vigorous resistance; they armed themselves, they burned General Neville's house and barn near the town of Bridgeville to the south of Pittsburg - he being the chief excise officer of the County, (now called Revenue Collector). A number of lives were lost in riots, the mails were stopped and rifled. At this juncture, President George Washington called out seventeen thousand soldiers to quell the disturbance. The York Riflemen offered their services, and were accepted. The Company was re-organized by Captain James Cross, August 17, 1790. In the year 1791, we find this Company under the Captaincy of James Cross leaving York for Pittsburg, Pa., and there rendered excellent service during the Whiskey Insurrection. "York County, ever ready to act when the public interest, 26 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. honor, or safety requires an appeal to arms, furnished, in this emergency, a Rifle Company. James Cross was Captain." This is copied from the diary kept by George Eichelberger, one of the Committee of Safety. The roster of this Company was lost in the great flood of 1884, and a great deal of other valuable information pertaining to this Company. In May, 1812, Governor Snyder issued an order drafting fourteen thousand men as a quota of Pennsylvania for general defense. So generous was the response to the call for troops that the quota of the State was more than filled without even so much as a suggestion of a draft. From the York Recorder of June 20, 1812: "We have just learned that the Senate of the United States have at length agreed to the War Resolution which had passed the Lower House. 'Citizen! prepare your firelocks.' " Thus, early in the history of our country, these brave volunteers were among the first to respond to the call for patriotic service, and no organization surpassed it in efficiency, bravery and devotion to their country's call. On August 24, 1814, Washington, the national capital, fell into the hands of the British and was pillaged and burned, with nearly all of the Federal buildings. Governor Snyder issued a general call to arms, and this Company patriotically tendered its services. When General Ross attempted the capture of Baltimore, these loyal sons of York formed a part of the successful resisting force. Whenever the emergency of the country called for it, the people of York County were always ready to do duty; of this they gave another instance in the late war of 1812. The Company was re-organized by Captain Thomas Schriver, May 19, 1814. On the 26th day of August, 1814, this Company under Captain Thomas Schriver was called upon to proceed to Baltimore, and upon its arrival there went into service, on the third day of September following, and remained in service until December 4, 1814, when they returned home and were received by ringing of bells, etc. In the evening there was a great demonstration and display of fireworks, and banquet over the victory. HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 27 ROLL OF COMPANY. Captain - Thomas Schriver. First Lieutenant - Israel Gartner. Second Lieutenant - Henry Boyer. Ensign - Joshua Small. Sergeants. Joseph Renshaw, Charles Smith, John M. Gartner, Jacob Koch, Jacob Gartman, Peter All. Corporals. John Miller, Samuel Whiteford, Jacob Krone, Christian Miller, William Schroder, Jacob Brown, John Orwig. Quartermaster Sergeants. Charles Eichelberger, John Enerst. Drummer. Fifer. George Schlusser. Henry Rentz. Privates. Jack Brown, Michael McKinney, George Conn, George McIntire, David Clingman, Jeremiah McLaughlin, Thomas Corbin, Abraham Mann, Philip Deitsh, Abraham Norris, Henry Enerst, William Neinffer, Christian Enerst, John Stump, Jacob Frey, William Peters, Daniel Ford, David Reisinger, J. Morris Gartner, James Renshaw, John Heindle, William Schreibich, Nicholas Huber, Frederick Sloterbeck, Jacob Haldeman, George Sheffer, Jeremiah Hess, Charles Smith, Christopher Irwin, Joseph Taylor, Elisha Jacoby, George Worley, Henry Klinefelter, Philip Ziegler, Frederick Kaler, John Ziegler, John Kuch, Jacob Blue, Jacob Koch, Daniel Frey, Henry Miller, Christian Rupp, John A. McCurtin, George Markle. Servants. Charles Blackbey, Wm. Blackbey. 28 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. Pay roll of Captain Thomas Schriver's Company of York Riflemen, attached to the 113th Regiment, commanded by Colonel Lutz, who rendezvoused at York, Pa., under general order of Governor Snyder, dated August 26, 1814, I hereby certify the above to be a true and correct roll of the Company. Dec. 4, 1814. THOMAS SCHRIVER, Attest: John Adams, Captain. Brigadier General under command of Major General Watson. From 1814 to 1834 we can learn nothing of this organization, except its quiet home life and occasional drill. In the latter year a notice appeared in the press of York, calling upon the Riflemen and all persons interested to meet at Adam Klinefelter's Tavern, at the corner of Market and Water COLONEL GEORGE HAY. [portrait] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 29 Streets, for the purpose of organizing a Rifle Corps. There does not seem to have been any authentic account of this meeting, but on the 20th day of May following, the Riflemen were requested to meet at the Court House on the 23rd day of May, 1834, for the purpose of permanently organizing and equipping a Rifle Corps on an "economical and substantial plan," as expressed in the call. This meeting was held, the organization effected and Samuel E. Clemens elected Captain. On November 28, 1834, George Hay was elected Captain of the Company. Under the new organization, the Company made unprecedented advance in discipline as governed by new impulse, and soon became one of the brightest military organizations of Pennsylvania. After becoming proficient in its manual training, the Company commenced target firing. The first was for a medal, and was won by Alfred Connellee, at a distance of 95 yards, off hand; the second prize was for a silver cup, and was contested for by "The Washington Artillerists" and "The York Riflemen." The Artillerists fired at a distance of 65 yards, and the Riflemen at 95 yards, off hand, and was won by C. Keyser, of the Riflemen. The third prize put up was a silver cup and was won by a Mr. Weigal, of the Riflemen. The fourth prize was also a silver cup, and was won by Charles Metzel. The fifth prize was a medal, and was won by Sergeant Spangler, of the Riflemen. On the 4th day of May, 1837, the Riflemen were requested to meet at the Presbyterian Church, and to come fully equipped with knapsack and provided also with three days' rations. The call was signed by Captain George Hay, and the object of the call was for a march to Hanover, where a military demonstration was held. In June, 1837, the York Rifles received "and escorted through the town, the Mechanics Rifles," of Philadelphia, commanded by Captain Moore. This was the first of a series of visits between the soldiers of Philadelphia and those of York. On the 17th of July, 1837, the York Riflemen pro- 30 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. ceeded to Philadelphia, and were present at the launching of the "Pennsylvania," it being the largest ship in America at that time. They were royally entertained by "The Mechanics Rifles," and on Saturday evening they left the city and returned home the same evening at 7 o'clock. On August 30, 1837, the York Riflemen were present at the presentation of a flag by the ladies of York to the "Washington Troops" of York County. On the 6th of October, 1837, the Riflemen marched to Hopewell Township, York County, and were present at the review of the Independent Volunteer Battalion, commanded by Major Brooks. On their return they were received at Shrewsbury by the "Jackson Grays," Captain William McAbee, by whom they were royally entertained, and after a sumptuously prepared supper, and many speeches, they returned the same evening, well pleased with their day's enjoyment. In the fall of 1838, the York Rifles, with the other military organizations of York, Pa., formed a military escort for the reception of the "Junior Artillerists," of Baltimore, commanded by Captain McKinnel, and also the "Susquehanna Rifles," of Wrightsville, York County, commanded by Captain Levi Duck. The Companies remained in York three days. During their stay they won the greatest respect and admiration of all the citizens of York. In the year 1838, in the exciting contest for Governor of Pennsylvania, between Joseph Ritter and David R. Porter, the Riflemen were summoned to Harrisburg to help keep the peace. Some marched on foot and others were carried in wagons drawn by horses. On the 26th day of May, 1838, a Court of Appeal was held by Captain George Hay. Courts of Appeal were held to try cases of absentees from parades, drills and meetings, but the immediate object of this Court of Appeal could not be ascertained. On the 4th of July, of the same year, the Company paraded carrying knives and tomahawks and clad in black uniforms. The occasion of the parade was the reception of HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 31 the Washington Blues, and the citizens of York were accorded an amusing and pleasing day's enjoyment. On the 8th day of September, 1838, the York, Pennsylvania, Riflemen, adopted By-Laws. (By-Laws in possession of writer, the following of which is a copy. They were adopted September 8, 1838, and published in pamphlet form, at York. by T. E. and J. J. Cochran, in 1839.) BY-LAWS. "Whereas it has been found requisite that freemen of each State should be armed and disciplined for its defense. Therefore, to carry out the provision of the Militia Law, and also the noble sentiment of our beloved Washington, viz: 'That we should prepare for war in time of peace,' we, the undersigned, have agreed to form a Rifle Corps, to be known by the name, style and title of the 'YORK PENNSYLVANIA RIFLEMEN.'" ARTICLE I. The uniform shall consist of a black cloth frock coat, black cloth pantaloons, to be trimmed with black fringe and gold lace, shoulder mountings, a black Russia cap with brass mountings, a white drooping plume and pompon, a patent leather body belt, and ball pouch, a scalping knife and tomahawk, black stock, white gloves, and boots. ARTICLE II. Section I. The officers of the Company shall consist of a Captain, First and Second Lieutenants, four Sergeants, & four Corporals. Section 2. The non-commissioned officers shall be appointed by the commissioned officers; and any officer, not herein mentioned, shall be elected or appointed as the case may be. 32 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. ARTICLE III. Section 1. There shall be twelve stated parades in each year, including the 22nd of February, the 4th of July, and the days fixed by law. The day and hour of parade to be left to the discretion of the commanding officer. Absentees from parade shall be fined $1. Section 2. Any member appearing on parade, not being fully equipped and uniformed, nor having his arms and accoutrements clean and in good order, (subject to the inspection of the standing committee,) shall be fined $1. Section 3. Any member appearing on parade in a state of intoxication, or becoming so whilst on parade, or acting in any way unbecoming a gentleman and citizen soldier, shall be dealt with according to law, in such cases made and provided. ARTICLE IV. The First Sergeant shall give notice of every stated parade at least three days previous to the time of meeting. ARTICLE V. Section 1. The commanding officer may call special parades whenever he deems it necessary, of which the four sergeants shall give at least three hours' notice to each member previous to the time of meeting. Absentees shall be fined 50 cents, provided they were regularly notified. Section 2. Drills may be called by the commanding officer at such time and place as he may think proper; and every member absent shall be fined 25 cents. Notice shall be given by the commanding officer, or four sergeants, of each drill at least one hour previous to the time of meeting. Section 3. The commanding officer may call a court of appeal as often as he may deem it proper, and shall give notice in one or more papers of the Borough at least ten days previous to the time of meeting. Section 4. The court of appeal shall try all cases of absentees from parades, drills and meetings, and any member being fined and subjecting himself to be served with a warrant shall pay all additional costs for collection. HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 33 ARTICLE VI. Any member after having signed the By-laws wishing to leave the Company, shall tender his resignation in writing at the regular meeting of the Company, and if a majority of the members present do not oppose him, he shall be released by paying the treasurer ten dollars for the use of the Company. ARTICLE VII. The business of the Company shall be transacted by a President, Secretary, Treasurer and Standing Committee of five. The Captain shall be President ex- officio. Section 2. The duty of the President shall be to preside at all meetings of the Company, to preserve order therein, put all motions to vote when seconded, sign all orders on the Treasurer, call special meetings when he may deem it proper, appoint the Secretary and Treasurer, (who serve one year from the time of appointment) and shall have the casting vote when the Company is equally divided. Section 3. The duty of the Secretary shall be to record the proceedings of the Company, and read at the opening of each meeting the proceedings of the former, and perform such other duty as the nature of his office may require. Section 4. The duty of the Treasurer shall be to receive and disburse, for such purposes as the Company may direct, all monies which it may be authorized to be raised, and shall require all orders on him for money to be signed by the Captain, He shall have his books ready for examination every six months, to be examined by a committee appointed for that purpose. Section 5. The Standing Committee shall consist of the four Sergeants in conjunction with the First Lieutenant, whose duty it shall be to examine into all cases of applicants for membership, and propose the same to the Company, when, if a majority do not oppose him, he shall be considered a member by signing the By-laws; they shall see that the arms, armory & accoutrements be kept in good order, & shall examine 34 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. & report members who do not comply with the requisitions of the 2nd Sec. of the 3rd Art. of the By-laws. ARTICLE VIII. Of Stated or Special Meetings. Section 1. The stated meetings of the Company shall be held on the first Thursday evening of October, at 7 1/2 o'clock; January, at 7 o'clock; April, at 7 1/2 o'clock, and July, at 8 o'clock. At the stated hour the Captain or in his absence a President pro tem. (to be chosen by the meeting) shall take the chair, and call the Company to order. Section 2. At each stated or special meeting fifteen members shall form a quorum to transact the ordinary business of the Company. Section 3. Thirty minutes after the stated hour of a stated or special meeting, the Secretary shall call the roll and each absentee shall be fined 25 cents. ARTICLE IX. Section 1. Any member making a motion or taking part in a discussion, shall rise and address the presiding officer, and shall not be interrupted while speaking in order, except to amend, postpone or adjourn, either of which shall always be in order whilst any member is speaking on the original motion. Section 2. No member shall be allowed to speak more than twice on the same subject, unless to explain. Section 3. Any member refusing to come to order when called upon by the presiding officer, shall be fined for the first offence 25 cents, for the second be ordered to leave the room. ARTICLE X. Any applicant on being elected a member of this Company shall be allowed three months to uniform himself, nevertheless he shall attend all drills and meetings, or subject himself to be fined. ARTICLE XI. No member shall be expelled from this Company unless HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 35 by a vote of two-thirds of the members present at a stated meeting, and that vote shall be by ballot. ARTICLE XII. All committees shall be appointed by the Company, unless otherwise expressed in the motion. ARTICLE XIII. Section 1. No alteration to the uniform or By-laws shall be made unless such alteration be proposed in writing at a meeting of the Company and receive the approbation of two-thirds of the members present, at an ensuing meeting. Section 2. All By-laws & resolutions passed previous to these are hereby declared null and void. Section 3. All By-laws & resolutions passed from time to time by the Company shall be considered equally binding with the foregoing. RULES TO BE OBSERVED IN THE ARMORY 1st. No member shall take from the rack another's rifle to drill with or parade without permission from the owner or commanding officer, under the penalty of $1 fine. 2nd. No member or person shall be allowed to bring in, or cause to be brought in, any spirituous liquors to drink. If a member, to be fined 50 cents; if not a member, to be ordered to leave the room. 3rd. During the hours of company business no persons except members shall be allowed to remain in the armory. 4th. Any member breaking, removing or in any way injuring the furniture or property of the armory shall pay for, replace or be fined to the full amount of damages as the nature of the case may require. 5th. No political or religious discussions shall be allowed in the armory, or at any meeting of the Company. 6th. No Smoking allowed in the armory. 36 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. The following appear at the end of the By-Laws and Rules of the Company to be the names of its officers and members: Captain - George Hay. First Lieutenant - Frederick B. Cook. Second Lieutenant - Daniel F. Wilhelm. Third Lieutenant - Alfred Connellee. Privates. D. A. Stillinger, Peter E. Wilt, John J. Cochran, Edwin C. Epley, Henry Lehman, Matthias Yeaney, Geo. P. Koch, George Odenwalt, Henry Spangler, Levi Spangler, Henry Koch, Frederick Zorger, Charles Metzel, Jacob Koons, Isaac Elliott, Caleb Kepner, Granville Fissel, Thornton Connellee, Jacob Luckinsland, Jacob Alterdice, Philip Peiffer, Joseph Peiffer, John King, Jacob Leidy, Michael Epley, Charles Nes, Samuel W. Taylor, Jacob Fry, Edmund Connellee, A. G. Weiser, Jesse Harry, Edward P. Lynes, William Ewrich, Urban A. Ogden, Oliver Luttman, Charles Clopper, Henry Rupp, Henry Ickes, William F. Yingling, Nathan Coggins, L. S. Stroman, Oliver Stair, William Thompson, Isaac Kepner, William Sponsler, Henry Ziegler, Edward Spangler, John T. Kelly, Richard Simmons, Daniel Ruppert, Emanuel Hoke, John Beard, Charles Carg. In May, 1839, the York Rifle Company visited Baltimore. Md., and were royally entertained by the Independent Blues of that city; and on July 4, of the same year, the Independent Blues visited York, Pa., and were entertained by the York Rifle Company and military of the town. HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 37 The Baltimoreans considered themselves treated with so much kindness and attention, that on the 31st of August, 1839, they presented a splendid United States flag to the Company. The flag was in the possession of Captain George Hay for many years, and was frequently displayed in front of his residence. On Easter Monday, 1840, the York Rifles visited Wrightsville, York County, and Columbia, Lancaster County, and were pleasantly entertained at both places. On the 25th of November, 1840, the "Rifles" again went to Philadelphia, and former part of the escort accompanying the remains of the lamented General Mercer on their removal from Christ's Church burial ground to Laurel Hill cemetery. The Company returning home on the morning of the 29th. On the 6th of April, 1841, the York Rifles were present at Washington, D.C., to pay the last tribute of respect to the remains of the lamented Harrison. They arrived on the morning of the 7th and were the only military from Pennsylvania; they returned home the same evening. The uniform at that time consisted of a fine black cloth frock coat and pantaloons. The coat trimmed with gold lace and black fringe, standing collar, double barred in front with gold lace, three rows of gilt buttons, stamped with bugles on the breast; two stripes of gold lace down the outside seams of the pantaloons; a patent leather liberty cap, with brass front, brass mountings and white drooping plumes. Shoulder mounting to correspond. A rifle, revolver, tomahawk and scalping knife. On August 23, 24 and 25, 1841, there was a Military Encampment on the York Commons, in which the York Riflemen participated. "General Keim pronounced it the finest military display in the State." The picture on page 38 represents Governor David R. Porter and staff, reviewing the soldiers on Wednesday, August 24, 1841. There were present 17 companies, 686 men, rank and file. CAMP LAFAYETTE AT YORK, PA., August, 1841. [illustration] HISTORY OP YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 39 The following was the order of the Encampment: Commander-General F. Hambright. Staff. Aids - Colonel James Cameron, Colonel Alexander Hay. Adjutants - John H. Dutchman, William M. Huddy. Quartermaster - Jacob Baumgardner. Surgeons. Right Wing - Dr. Henry Ness, Dr. G. B. Kerfoot. Left Wing - Dr. H. Carpenter, Dr. Thomas. Right Wing. Commander - Captain Finley. Washington Artillerists, Lancaster, Pa. Captain Hackman Washington Artillerists, York, Pa Captain Upp National Guards, Easton, Pa Captain Yohe State Fencibles, Lancaster, Pa Captain Findle Washington Blues, York, Pa Captain Barnitz Dauphins Guards, Harrisburg, Pa Captain Roberts Mechanical Volunteers, Baltimore, Md. Captain Watkins First Baltimore Light Infantry Captain Danaker Washington Greys, York. Pa. Captain Worley Independent Blues Captain Bott Left Wing. Captain George Hay in command. York Pennsylvania Rifle Captain George Hay Susquehanna Rifle, York County, Pa Captain Duck Washington Greens, York County, Pa Captain Smith Jackson Greys, York County, Pa Captain McAbee Lafayette Rifle, Columbia, Pa Captain Herr Mechanic Rifle, Lancaster, Pa Captain Shindle Jackson Rifle, Lancaster, Pa Captain Hambright 40 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. Captain George Hay. THE YORK RIFLES, 1841. [illustration] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 41 WESTERN ENTRANCE TO YORK, PENNSYLVANIA. [illustration] On the 10th of May, 1844, there was a call for volunteers to help suppress the Native American riot in Philadelphia. In response to this call the York Rifles, under Captain George Hay, proceeded by railroad to Philadelphia. After arriving there, they were quartered in the Girard Bank building, at which place and other threatened points they did guard duty. They were in service eight days, and in addition to doing guard duty, were called out to disperse rioters. There was an alarm sounded one night, and the Riflemen were hastily summoned to the scene. They made a charge on the rioters and dispersed them, and quiet was again destroyed (sic). After serving eight days they returned home, and received a great ovation from the citizens. For this service they received three months' pay from the State of Pennsylvania. And on the 19th, 20th, 21st and 22d days of September, 1840, were present at the Military Encampment at Camp Wayne, on the Paoli battleground. 42 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE YORK RIFLE COMPANY IN 1844. Captain - George Hay. First Lieutenant - D. F. Wilhelm. Second Lieutenant - Alfred Connellee. First Sergeant - D. A. Stillinger. Second Sergeant - Charles Metzel. Third Sergeant - G. B. Koch. Fourth Sergeant - J. J. Cochran. Secretary of Company - Peter E. Wilt. Treasurer - Charles Metzel. Quartermaster - Isaac Elliot. Surgeon - Dr. Henry Ness. Privates. Daniel A. Stillinger, Henry Koch, Charles Metzel, Daniel Rupert, George P. Koch, Joseph Peiffer, Henry Spangler, Philip Peiffer. Emanuel Hoke, Augustus G. Weiser, Alfred Connellee, John King, Richard Simmons, Michael Zeigler, Frederick Crissey, Peter E. Wilt, Jacob Lukenland, Edward Faber, Charles Weisekettle, George Davis, Henry Lehman, John Beard, John J. Cochran, George V. Metzel, Henry Zeigler, O. P. Peters, John Peiffer, Conrad Strigle, Emanuel Ramer, Jesse Harry, John May, Matthias Yeany, William Thompson, Samuel Rupert, Henry Brant, Henry Ickes, David B. Hays, Oliver Lutman, Elias Spangler, Frederick Zorger, William Craumer, Oliver P. Stair, Thomas McCann, Joseph Craumer, E. Spangler, John Albright, George P. Zeigler, Charles M. Ness, Samuel Armprister, L. S. Stroman, Granville Fissel, Joseph Dritt, E. P. Lynes, Ephraim Smith, Edwin E. Epley, Israel Shenberger, HISTORY OF: YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 43 Michael Epley, Daniel Vollet, William Sponsler, George Zorger, Jacob Leady, Jacob Koons, Charles Karg, William B. Carter, Charles Clapper, Jacob Frey, Isaac Elliot, William Reisinger, William Keller, H. Wolfrom, Daniel F. Wilhelm, William Patterson, George Odenwalt, Joseph Schall, William Yingling, G. W. Dunning, Henry E. Jacobs. In May, 1846, Captain George Hay offered the services of the York Rifle Company to Governor Shunk during the War with Mexico, but there was no call for troops from Pennsylvania until November 16, and then only one regiment was called, and therefore the Company was not accepted. Five of the Company enlisted in the First Regiment at Philadelphia. After the war was over, the soldiers returned on July 31, 1848, and were given an enthusiastic reception. A procession was formed in Centre Square, Major General George Hay was Chief Marshal. They paraded through the streets, and there was great rejoicing over the victory. The Company reorganized February 23, 1856, the names of officers and men being as follows: Captain - George Hay. First Lieutenant - H. C. McIntyre. Second Lieutenant - John W. Schall. First Sergeant - Frederick Zorger. Second Sergeant - Philip Peiffer. Third Sergeant - Oliver P. Stair. Fourth Sergeant - John Albright. Fifth Sergeant - Emanuel Smith. First Corporal - David Rease. Second Corporal - Thomas McCann. Third Corporal - George Barnhart. Fourth Corporal - Henry Neater. Ensign - Peter E. Wilt. Surgeon - David S. Peffer. 44 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. Privates. Benjamin Allison, Jacob Lehr, Reuben Auble, J. H. Luff, Eli Brown, John Mayer, David Becker, Samuel Meyers, Jacob W. Boll, Jacob Metzel, Christian Bender, Samuel R. Miller, Emanuel Boeckel, William Miller, Edward Blausser, John Miller, George Bush, Jeremiah Olliver, Conrad Bush, Emanuel Rhinehart, Daniel Cookes, Edward Smith, Owen R. Davis, Daniel Spangler, Charles Denues, Israel E. Smith, Emanuel Foust, Samuel Simons, Ambrose Foust, Abraham Smith, William Frey, Martin Selack, John Frey, Wentzel Selack, Emanuel Frey, Peter Selack, William Heartz, Charles W. Stubbins, William C. Getz, George Seip, Lewis Hoffman, George Shenberger, Michael Harman, Augustus Webbel, Peter Hoover, Andrew Wolf, W. F. Ilgenfritz, Albert Welsh, William H. Irwin, Charles Wolkman, William Kassabaum, John Zimmerman, John F. Kranich, Peter Zeller, Joseph Klemm, Joseph F. Zudellich. On the second day of October, 1858, the York Rifle Company paraded with the Springgarden band, and on the 23d day of the same month, the Company marched through the streets of York wearing new winter uniforms, made of dark blue cloth and green trimmings, presenting a handsome appearance. On the 11th day of June, 1859, the Company again gave the citizens of York an exhibition of their proficiency in drilling, and paraded in summer uniforms and with their new Enfield rifles. On the 4th of July following, Captain George Hay, of the York Rifles, was elected Major General of the Militia. The Company gave another exhibition of their drilling on the second day of August, 1859, and paraded with a HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 45 band of music, and many and hearty were the congratulations showered upon them by prominent citizens for their fine military appearance and superiority in drill. On the 16th day of August, 1859, the York Rifles, assisted by the York orchestra, gave an entertainment in Odd Fellows' Hall. It was largely attended, the best citizens lending their presence to the occasion, and it was a pronounced success in every particular. On the 15th day of November following, the Company with a band of music visited Hanover, - leaving York on a special train in the morning and returned in the evening. The citizens of Hanover were enthusiastic in their praise of the Company, pronouncing it to be composed of splendid gentlemen and the best drilled Company in the State. On Washington's Birthday, February 22, 1860, the late lamented Hon. John Gibson delivered a lecture in Washington AUGUSTUS LOUCKS, 1857. [portrait] 46 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. Hall for the benefit of the York Rifle Company. The subject of this lecture was "The Use of National Holidays." It was replete with learning and patriotic thought. The proceeds were devoted to the purchase of a flag for the Company. During the morning, both in honor of the day and the occasion, the Company paraded the streets of York in the midst of a drenching rainfall, and fired repeated salutes or volleys from their rifles. On the fifth day of March, 1860, the Company paraded for the first time with their new flag, purchased with the proceeds of the Gibson lecture. The York Advocate, in giving an account of the Company's flag, said: "We have examined the new flag procured by the York Rifle Company. It is a flag of the United States. It is a fine silk, with a very accurate and well painted likeness of General George Hay upon the back of the Union. This portrait was painted by HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 47 Dr. J. Wilson and reflects great credit upon his skill as an artist. General George Hay's long connection with the York Rifle Company as their commanding officer makes this placing of his portrait upon their standard an honor due to him, while it is certainly a distinction. The flag is altogether very elegant. We trust that it will never be dishonored." This flag is still in the possession of the Company. On the 18th day of June, 1860, the Company attended the funeral of G. P. Welsh, of the United States Frigate Sabine, and on the 21st day of July following held a concert at the Fair Grounds. On the 3d day of September, 1860, a general encampment of the militia of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania was held, in which the York Rifle Company participated. On August 7th, 1860, the following appointments were made by Governor William F. Packer for the encampment, to be held September 3 to 8: Captain George Hay, of the York Rifles, appointed Major General of the Counties of York and Adams. Aids - Jacob S. Haldeman and William McClain, with rank of Major. Assistant Adjutant General - Martin Quinn, with rank of Major. Division Inspector - William J. Martin. Division Paymaster - John M. Deitch, with rank of Major. Division Quartermaster - George W. Welsh, with rank of Major. Division Surgeon - Samuel J. Rouse, with rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Division Judge Advocate - William Hay, with rank of Colonel. GENERAL ORDERS NO. 1 Headquarters, 5th Div., Penna. Vol., Harrisburg, Aug. 1, 1860. To the Volunteers of Pennsylvania and Conterminous States: 1 - The difficulty of extending invitations to all Volunteer Companies, and the possibility of omissions to the deserv- 48 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. ing, prompts this notice to Volunteers in and out of the State, that all will receive a cordial welcome and the hospitalities of the generous military and citizens of York, Pa., at Camp Patterson, to be held from the 3d to the 8th of September, 1860. 2 - All Companies will report to Brigadier General A. Hiestand Glatz, York, Pa., at an early date, to insure a proper reception and have quarters assigned them in camp. 3 - The Companies, Battalions and Regiments will arrive at an early date and simultaneously, so that the duties of the camp may not be disturbed or interrupted. 4 - Hon. John B, Floyd, Secretary of War; Lieutenant General Winfield Scott, Governor William F. Packer, Governor Thomas H. Hicks, and other general officers have been invited, and will add, by their presence, to the eclat of the martial pageant. By command of MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM H. KEIM, E. C. Wilson, Adj. Gen. Officer Commanding. S. L. Young, Asst. August 7, 1860. The duties of the encampment will be performed as follows: The Morning Gun at break of day will be the signal for the Reveille, at the last stroke of which will commence Roll Call in the Company streets. Immediately after Reveille roll call, the tents and the space around them will be put in complete order by the men of the Companies, superintended by the Chiefs of squads. At 6 - All the musicians will collect on the Parade Ground, the Assembly will be beaten, and the Companies drilled half an hour, concluding with Morning Parade. At 7 - Breakfast. At 8 - The First Sergeants of Companies will make their reports to the Officer of the Day, or other officer designated, who will make the necessary detail of officers, etc., for the Guards. HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 49 At 8:15 - The detachments detailed for Guard will be inspected in the Company streets by Commanders of Companies. At 8:30 - The Troop will beat. The detachments will be marched and assembled on the Guard Parade Ground, and inspected by an officer, - the old and new Officer of the Day present. The Guards divided and officers assigned to each. The Guards will march off to the relief of the old Guard. At 9:30 - Grand Parade - Evolutions of the line. At 12 - Beat Roast Beef dinner. At 3:30 - Regimental and Battalion Parades. At 6 - The Assembly will beat, and the Companies will form in their streets for roll call and inspection by their officers; ten minutes after which, at the Adjutant's call, they will be marched to the Parade Ground by their First Sergeants, formed in line, ordered arms and at rest. At 6:15 - Evening Gun. Retreat by the whole of the Camp, music along the whole of the line. Parade dismissed Supper. At 10 - Tattoo. Countersign given to the Sentinels on Post. At 11 - All lights extinguished, and the Guard will preserve silence in the camp. THE ENCAMPMENT. The Military Encampment, which commenced on Monday, the 3d inst., and terminated on Saturday, the 8th, had the effect of bringing together a larger concourse of persons than were probably ever assembled in this borough on any previous occasion. The tents were pitched on the eastern portion of our Common, (now Penn Park), and were over 400 in number, a proper proportion of which were officers' marquees. A large flag staff was erected immediately in front of the Commanding Officer's marquee, from which floated the colors of our country. The two field pieces, one a six and the other 50 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. an eight pounder, were stationed on the western extremity of the encampment and were fired according to the general orders. They each bore the following inscription: "Captured at Cerro Gordo, April 18, 1847, by the American Army, under Major General Scott, and presented to the State of Pennsylvania by Major General Patterson." There were seventeen companies represented in the Encampment, with a total of 766 men, which does not include the various Generals and their staffs. The following is a list of the various companies in attendance, their numbers and commanders: National Rifles, of Washington City, Captain T. B. Schaefer, with 32 privates and 11 officers. This company arrived on Monday evening and was accompanied by 16 members of the U. S. Marine Band, whose delightful music attracted crowds of admirers. The Company was universally admired, both for its handsome appearance and fine drilling. Worth Infantry, of this borough, Captain T. A. Zeigle, 58 privates, 9 officers and i8 musicians - in all 85 men. Independent Blues, of Gettysburg, Captain E. H. Buchler, 18 privates, 6 officers and 14 musicians were in its ranks. They arrived on Monday morning. Jackson Rifles, of Lancaster, Captain H. H. Hambright. This company mustered 38 men, 28 of which were privates, and a hand of martial music composed of 5 members. They arrived on Tuesday afternoon. National Rifles, of Johnstown, Captain S. R. Faber, numbering 20 privates and 5 officers. They arrived on Tuesday afternoon. Hanover Infantry, Captain F. M. Baughman, numbering 30 privates, 11 officers and 22 musicians. This was a new company and had not yet received their arms. Their uniform was one of the handsomest and most admired on the ground. They arrived on Monday morning. Lancaster Fencibles, Captain Emlen Franklin. This company arrived on Tuesday afternoon and numbered 28 privates, 13 officers and 16 musicians. HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 51 York Rifles, J. W. Schall, Lieutenant, commanding, numbering 55 privates, 9 officers and 15 musicians. Washington Guards, of Lewisberry, York County, Captain John Crull. They arrived on Monday afternoon, and numbered 37 privates and 5 officers. Allen Rifles, of Allentown, Captain F. W. Good, numbering 22 privates, 11 officers and 3 musicians. They arrived on Monday afternoon and were universally admired, not only for their neat and soldierlike appearance, but also for the perfection of their drill, which was not surpassed, if equalled, by that of any company in the camp. Their social amusements were very interesting, and their general bearing rendered them perfect "lions" among their brother soldiers. Philadelphia Greys, D. F. Foley, Lieutenant, commanding, arrived on Monday afternoon and attracted much attention during their entire stay. They brought martial music and numbered 24 privates and 11 officers. Chambersburg Artillery, Captain Peter B. Honsum. This was the only artillery company in attendance and numbered 26 privates and 13 officers. They arrived on Tuesday afternoon. Maytown Infantry, Lancaster County, H. S. Book, Lieutenant, commanding, arrived on Tuesday afternoon, bringing 19 privates and 10 officers. Marion Rifles, of Hanover, Captain H. G. Meyers, consisting of 27 privates, 12 officers and 4 musicians. They arrived on Tuesday morning. Law Greys, of Baltimore, Captain Thomas Bowers, arrived on Wednesday night. They numbered 30 privates and 8 officers, and brought with them a band of martial music composed of 6 performers. They wore bearskin hats and were much admired. There was also present a deputation of 30 members of the Maryland Guard under the command of Lieutenant Henderson, and a deputation of 10 of the Baltimore City Rifles, under the command of C. W. Hiltz. 52 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. Major General William H. Keim, of Reading, was the commanding officer, and the admirable discipline and management which characterized this Encampment are due to his large experience in and extensive knowledge of military affairs. He won for himself, in our town, hosts of friends, who will long remember his gentlemanly and soldier-like bearing during his short stay amongst us. Lieutenant A. N. Shipley, the 3d Regiment of United States Infantry, was the acting Assistant Adjutant General; and certainly no better selection could have been made, as his stentorian voice and thorough knowledge of his profession peculiarly fitted him for the difficult post to which he was assigned. The remainder of General Keim's staff was Lieutenant Colonels James Freeland and A. S. Ely; Aids: L. W. Read, Surgeon; Lieutenant Thomas Jordan, Judge Advocate, and Colonel W. H. Albright, Secretary. The troops were reviewed on Wednesday by Major General Kimmel, of Frederick, Md.; on Thursday at 9:30 o'clock by Brigadier General Wyncoop, and at 4 o'clock, by Brigadier General Bartram Schaefer, and on Friday at 9:30 o'clock, by Major General George Hay. Besides the military dignitaries above mentioned, there were quite a number present, among which was General Edwin C. Wilson, Adjutant General of this commonwealth, who occupied a large Sibley tent on the camp ground. There were no general parades through town except on Wednesday and Thursday mornings. There were, however, quite a number of company parades, which had the effect of keeping our streets in a state of continual activity and hustle. A number of interesting and amusing incidents transpired during the continuance of the Encampment, but our limited space forbids us to mention them. The duties of the Encampment were performed according to the general orders already published, except when circumstances demanded a different program. The weather on Monday and Tuesday was delightful; on HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 53 Wednesday and Thursday, oppressive, and on Friday and Saturday, intensely hot. There was no rain of any account to dampen the ardor either of the troops or the immense number of spectators in attendance. A grand feature of the parade on Thursday was the presence of the "Old Soldiers" of the War of 1812-14 from Harrisburg. They numbered 21 from there, and were joined here by several of their former companions-in-arms. They carried a torn and tattered flag - a relic of the war. It belonged to the York Volunteers. Most of the troops remained until Friday, and some until Saturday morning. The Allen Rifles, on account of the lateness of the Baltimore train, were not able to make the connection at Harrisburg, and were consequently obliged to remain over Sunday. They left Monday morning. During the parade on Wednesday morning, one of the Washington company was seized with a sudden illness on North George Street, which caused a partial suspension of the parade. He handed us the following card of thanks for publication: Camp Patterson, York, Pa., September 5, 186o. Editors Gazette: Dear Sirs: - Permit me through the columns of your popular paper to tender the thanks of the "National Rifles," of Washington, for the very kind attention shown me during my illness which was so violent and sudden. And at the same time, and from the depth of a truly grateful heart, return my earnest acknowledgment of gratitude to J. F. Fisher and family for the very hospitable manner in which, during my stay in your town, I was treated by them. Also Mrs. Charles M. Smyser, to whose house I was taken in an insensible state, and where every kind attention was bestowed. And to Mr. E. A. King and family who, with your townspeople just mentioned, will ever be held in friendly recollection by each and every member of our company as leading examples of the general hospitality of your good citizens. I am, with respect, &c., J. HARRY HEATH, Member Washington Rifles, Washington, D. C. 54 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. GENERAL JOHN W. SCHALL, Norristown, Pa. [photo] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 55 Camp Patterson, York, Pa., September 6, 1860. Lieutenant John W. Schall, York, Pa. Dear Sir: - Allow me to congratulate you on the efficiency of the Company under your command, in marching and discipline during the review today. They seemed more like regulars. They were as one man; their rifles as if carried by a single soldier. Yours, BARTRAM SCHAEFER, Brigadier General, Washington, D. C. On March 6, 1861, the York Riflemen formed part of the escort of ex-President James Buchanan while in York and to his home in Lancaster. On the 27th day of October, 1860, the Company held a target practice at King's Mill for a barrel of flour, and there was some excellent shooting done, as the Company contained some splendid marksmen. It required a centre shot to win the prize. This was done by Frederick Zorger, who sent the minie ball from his rifle crashing through the centre of the board, thus winning the prize. We now approach the most interesting period of the Company's history. Many of the scenes and incidents from this time on to the present, are well remembered. As follows: "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." No one need be told whose words these are, on what occasion they were uttered, nor where they are to be found, for every school boy and school girl who reads knows them. Among the three enumerated inalienable rights, liberty is the greatest, for without it all others are comparatively worthless. It was, however, not a new doctrine or theory, when made the opening sentence of the Declaration of Independ- 56 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY COURT HOUSE, Yorktown, Pa., Nov. 1, 1777. [illustration] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 57 ence - the Magna Charta of our liberties, for centuries before, it lived, or rather existed (as a theory), whilst practically denied by mankind in the oppression and enslavement of the weak by the strong, for some of the greatest that ever lived talked and wrote whilst the poests [sic] sang, of liberty. And the proposition is just as "self-evident," that it was the practical denial of this doctrine in portions of our own country and government, that gradually, slowly, but inevitably led to our great Civil War. The pretext for hostilities was, simply, a perfectly peaceable and constitutional change of administration. A change of power in England affects comparatively few personal interests, and absorbs the attention of the country for a comparatively short space of time. In the United States it is long foreseen, and elaborately prepared for and when it comes, it involves the personal fortunes of a large number of citizens. All free government rests upon discussion. That "discussion begins in the market place," it has its full fruition in our legislative halls and courts of justice where all wrongs incident to our system of government can be peaceably, constitutionally, if not even speedily righted; and nothing has, as yet, transpired in our history, except wrongs at the hands of foreign governments, to justify a resort to arms. Long years of discussion, however, as well as many imprudent, individual acts on the part of some representing the two extremes - North and South - on the ever exciting question of slavery, had finally so sharply defined the positions of the two sections, that the mere fact of the election of a Northern man of anti-slavery views and sentiments was made the pretext for open war by the South. It is truthfully said that Governor Snyder was the first who raised his voice against slavery, as was clearly shown in his message in 1811. On that occasion he said: "Elevated as is her character for humanity, there is yet permitted to remain one other stain on the otherwise fair and benign features of her polity, the galling yoke of slavery. 58 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY From four o'clock in the morning of April 12th, 1861, when the rebels under Beauregard opened fire on Fort Sumter, until half past three in the afternoon of the 9th of April, 1865, when Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, were four long years of the most gigantic rebellion, bloody and costly civil war - that the world ever saw. Begin with Monday, April 8th, 1861. "General Beauregard has telegraphed Confederate Secretary of War, L. P. Walker, that President Lincoln has ordered Fort Sumter to be supplied with provisions, peaceably or otherwise." It might not be unamusing, to read in contrast a few war dispatches of corresponding dates that flash over the wires these "piping times of peace," such as Wednesday, April 10th, 1861. Secretary Walker replies, that if the General is satisfied that this is so, he shall at once demand its evacuation, and if refused, to proceed to reduce it. Same day the General replies: "The demand will be made tomorrow at 12 o'clock." Thursday, April 11th. The General again telegraphs the Secretary: "The demand was sent at 2 p.m. and until 6 was allowed for the answer." Same day the Secretary telegraphed to the General thus: "Telegraph the reply of Major Anderson." Same day, April 11th, the General telegraphs Major Anderson's reply, as follows: "I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your communication demanding the evacuation of this fort, and to say that it is a demand with which my sense of honor and obligation to my government prevent my compliance. I will await the first shot, and if you do not batter us to pieces, we will be starved out in a few days." Same day, April 11th, the Secretary telegraphs the General, substantially, not to open fire on the fort, if Major Anderson will consent to evacuate it; otherwise to reduce the fort by such means as he may deem best. Friday, April 12th. The General telegraphs the Secretary: "He would not consent; we opened fire at 4:30 a.m." HISTORY OP YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 69 Friday, April 12, 1861. The guns of Fort Moultrie, in Charleston Harbor, S. C., were trained on Fort Sumter. That shot was heard around the world; it compelled the surrender of the fort; it fired millions of patriotic hearts, and it was as significant as to its far- reaching results and consequences as were the first guns fired at Lexington and Concord, 86 years before; it meant a terrible retribution to the South and the liberation of its enslaved millions. Soon the voice of reason was lost in the thunder of Moultrie's guns, and then the question was, Shall liberty and union no longer walk hand in hand, and if either is to go out, which shall it be? Then how sudden the transformation of the peaceful citizen into the armed and uniformed soldier. Loyal men only knew that they were needed, and they hastened to respond to the call. "It was not with them a question of what battles were to be fought, what graves filled, what altars shivered; the union must and shall be preserved." Our own town of York freely gave her sons whose blood crimsoned the soil of many battles of the South, and they fell as heroes fall, a sacrifice to Union, liberty and freedom. The record achieved by the brave men who gave up the comforts and safety of their homes for the dangers and hardships, the wounds and death of the battlefields, is one that ever may be looked upon with pride by every loyal citizen of York. Throughout the period of the war, the civil and military history of York ran in the same channel, and were almost concurrent events, while in the ranks of the companies were sturdy volunteers who were descended from ancestors "scrupulous of bearing arms." On the evening of the same day, April 12, 1861, the news of the capture of Fort Sumter was telegraphed from Montgomery, Ala., (the then, Confederate capital,) to all parts of the United States, substantially as follows: 60 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. "An immense crowd serenaded President Davis and Secretary Walker at the Exchange Hotel tonight. The President is not well and did not appear; the Secretary appeared and declined to make a speech, but in a few words of electric eloquence said: 'In a few hours the Confederate flag will float over Fort Sumter. No man," he said, "could tell when the war this day commenced would end; the flag which now flaunts the breezes here, will float over the dome of the Capitol at Washington before the first of May. Let them try Southern chivalry and test the extent of Southern resources and it may float eventually, over Faneuil Hall!'" That was big talk, but poor prophecy. It reminds one of the old Pennsylvania German who, when he heard that he had been elected township supervisor, became so elated and perhaps inflated, that he exclaimed: "Hurrah for Chackson! Dere's no telling where dis d--n ding vill schtop. I'll be pound it'll be no rest now, till dey make me Gofernor!" Moreover, the Confederate Secretary of War predicted that his flag would float from the dome of the Capitol at Washington in 18 days, and might, eventually, float over Faneuil Hall, - the cradle of liberty, itself. But so far from that, though many years have elapsed since the boasting, blatant, false prophecy was made, no other flag, save the flag of the Union - The Glorious Stars and Stripes, has as yet floated over the dome of the Capitol at Washington, and by the grace of God, no other ever will. On the morning of April 12, 1861, a message was handed to Governor Curtin in Harrisburg which read as follows: The war is commenced. The batteries began firing at four o'clock this morning. Major Anderson replied, and a brisk cannonading commenced. This is reliable, and just came by Associated Press." Saturday, April 13th, 186r. Major Anderson, commanding Fort Sumter with only 70 half-starved men, for want of aid from the Federal fleet is compelled to surrender the fort. General Beauregard, the HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 61 rebel chief, refused to accept his sword and permitted the brave garrison to march out to the tune of "Yankee Doodle" with colors flying and a salute of fifty guns. This was certainly very gallant, chivalrous, and even gracious on part of the rebel victors. At this particular time, however, the military system of the State of Pennsylvania was not in order for efficient action, and it was supposed that much time would be required to reestablish it on a proper basis. The principal defect consisted of an insufficient number of men and general lack of equipment, both in arms and uniforms, and an almost entire absence of discipline. On April 9, 1861, the Governor addressed a communication to the Assembly, calling attention to the imperfect system, and urged immediate action in recognizing it, a modification of the military laws, and the establishment of a military bureau at the Capital of the State. It is needless to dwell on the promptness, the enthusiasm and the patriotism with which the people responded. Monday, April 15th, 1861. The President calls for 75,000 men. Intense excitement everywhere, and troops and more money pour forth like water "to suppress rebellion and cause the laws to be executed." The civil authorities having proved inadequate to that end. Tuesday, April 16th, 1861. Thousands of Federal troops are concentrating at Harrisburg. Wednesday, April 17, 1861. Excitement increasing - our companies drilling - new ones forming, and the whole country in an unparalleled commotion. April 18, 1861, the Legislature of Pennsylvania unanimously adopted the following resolution: "RESOLVED, That the faith, credit and resources of the State, in both men and money, are hereby pledged to any amount and to every extent which the Federal government 62 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. [illustration - Lincoln] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 63 may demand, to subdue the rebellion, to punish the treason, to enforce the laws, to protect the lives, the liberties and the property of the people, and to maintain inviolate the constitution and the sovereignty of the nation." Thursday, April 18th, 1861. Harper's Ferry deserted and the army and work shops burned to prevent their capture by a superior rebel force advancing for the purpose. April 18th, 1861, Washington: The United States Steamer Pawnee has arrived at the Navy Yard, 2d Dispatch. The postoffice department has received a dispatch confirming the report of the burning of the Harper's Ferry armory and shops, and it is said that the superintendent ordered the armory and work shops to be fired to prevent them being occupied by an overpowering force of Virginia troops advancing for the purpose. York, Thursday, April 18th, 1861. A large meeting held in the court house for the purpose of expressing the sense of the people as to the present condition of our national affairs and to offer aid to those called into the service. President John Evans, Esq. Vice Presidents - Adam Klinefelter, Charles A. Morris, David Small, Daniel Kraber, Peter McIntire, A. J. Glosbrenner, P. A. Small, Henry Welsh, H. L. Fisher, Samuel Wagner, V. K. Keesey, Abraham Forry, Geo. Welsh, Sr., H. Caslow. Secretaries - John N. A. Kolb, William S. Picking, Esq., Michael Gallagher, Jr. Baltimore, Friday, April 19th, 1861. A detachment of General Small's 1st Pennsylvania Regiment and a Massachusetts Regiment have arrived and are now marching through the city on their route to the Baltimore depot. Second Dispatch. A terrible scene is now occurring on Pratt Street. The railway track having been torn up by the secessionists. The troops from Philadelphia and New York 64 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. BALTIMORE RIOT, APRIL 19, 1861. [illustration] HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 65 attempted to march through and were attacked by the mob with bricks and stones. The military fired on their assailants, who returned the fire. Two members of the 7th Massachusetts Regiment were killed and several wounded. The fight is still going on. Ten of the mob are said to be wounded. Third Dispatch. At the Washington depot an immense crowd is assembled. The MAYOR GEORGE W. BROWN, BALTIMORE, MD., 1861. [portrait] rioters attacked them at the depot. The military fired on the mob and several persons were wounded - some fatally. It is said four of the military and four rioters were killed. The city is in great excitement and martial law has been proclaimed. The city military are rushing to their armories and civil war has commenced. The railroad tracks are torn up outside the city. 66 HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. April 19, 1861. Mayor George W. Brown, of Baltimore, telegraphs to the Governor of Massachusetts: "Our people viewed the passage of armed troops of another State through the streets as an invasion of our soil and could not be restrained." Governor Thomas H. Hicks, of Maryland, "an ardent Union man," said in a speech in Baltimore on the evening after the riot and after the President's call for troops had been made: GOVERNOR THOMAS A. HICKS, MARYLAND, 1861. [portrait] "I am a Marylander. I love my State and I love the Union, but I will suffer my right arm to be torn from my body before I will raise it to strike a sister state !" April 19, 1861, Marshal Kane telegraphed to Bradley Johnson, of Frederick, Maryland: "Further hordes will be down upon us tomorrow. We will fight them and whip them, or die." Saturday, April 20, 1861, Mayor Brown telegraphed President Lincoln: HISTORY OF YORK RIFLE COMPANY. 67 "It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step." April 21, 1861, John W. Garret, President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, telegraphed to Mayor Brown: "Three thousand Northern troops are at Cockeysville, it is reported. Intense excitement prevails. Churches are dismissed, and the people are arming en masse. To prevent terrific bloodshed, the result of your interview and arrangement is awaited." (Meaning an interview with President Lincoln.) The Mayor replied: "Be calm. Do nothing until you hear from me again." The advance guards of these troops were the York Rifle Company, and Worth Infantry, from York, Pennsylvania, who arrived on Saturday night. The York troops being uniformed, armed and equipped with the latest improved arms, were reported to be regulars. April 16th, 1861. Captain George Hay, of the York Rifle Company, but at that time Brigadier General of the Militia of Pennsylvania, offered the service of the Company to Andrew G. Curtin, then Governor of the State. The offer of the Company's service was promptly accepted by the Governor and it was directed to hold itself in readiness to march at a moment's notice. York, Pa., April 16th, 1861. Hon. Andrew G. Curtin, Governor of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pa. Dear Sir: - I hereby tender the services of the York Rifle Company, of York, Pa., to fill part of quota of the State, in call of President Lincoln, Yours, GEO. HAY, Captain. 68 HISTORY OP YORK RIFLE COMPANY TELEGRAM. Harrisburg, Pa., April 16th, 1861, 6 P. M. Captain George Hay, York, Pa. York Rifle Co.'s service accepted; please hold Co. in readiness to march at a moment's notice. A. G. CURTIN, Governor. HON. ANDREW G. CURTIN, Governor of Pennsylvania, 1861. [portrait] Harrisburg, Pa., April 18th, 1861. Captain George Hay, York, Pa. Sir: - You are hereby directed to report at Harrisburg, Pa., on Monday, April 22d. Yours, A. G. CURTIN, Governor. Continued in Part II