Eastern Pennington County Memories -- Unclassified Section This information is from "Eastern Pennington County Memories", published by The American Legion Auxilliary, Carrol McDonald Unit, Wall, South Dakota and is uploaded with their kind permission. Pages 454-475 Scan, OCR and editing by Maurice Krueger, mkrueger@iw.net, 1999. This file may be freely copied by individuals and non-profit organizations for their private use. Any other use, including publication, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission by electronic, mechanical, or other means requires the written approval of the file's author. This file is part of the SDGENWEB Archives. If you arrived here inside a frame or from a link from somewhere else, our front door is at http://www.usgwarchives.net/sd/sdfiles.htm Unclassified Section The Habincks by Kate Habinck Bob was born in Iowa in 1902 and came to South Dakota when he was a small boy. The family settled in the small community of Wewela which is in the southern part of Tripp county near the Nebraska border. I, Kathleen (Kate), homesteaded with my folks eight miles west of Wewela so we grew up in the same small community but not knowing one another until we were grown. We met in 1925, were married in 1926, and six months later we moved to Martin, South Dakota to bale hay. Speaking of hay that's where we met -- in the hay field. My father was stacking hay and I was driving the stacker team and Bob was running a sweep. We've been haying together ever since; for the last forty years as we just finished baling over six thousand bales. We lived in a shack at Martin all winter baling hay. I cooked for the men and it was so cold we had baled hay stacked around the shack to the roof so we could keep a little warmer. One night it was so cold we had to put the potatoes in the bed and four of us sat up all night playing cards to keep the potatoes from freezing. Then in the spring we got a job with a rancher named Bertrol (Windy) Brown. We moved in a two room log house. In the spring of 1928, we moved to Cuny Table south of Scenic which was the bombing area during World War Il. We loaded everything we owned, except 24 chickens and a cow, into a truck and with my mother-in-law we headed west for Cuny Table. Bob and his father drove the two tractors. The first night we camped at Wounded Knee. We arrived at Manderson and we run across a man that wanted some plowing done so Bob took the job. We left one tractor there and went on our journey. Bob and his father changed off driving the other tractor. Towards evening Bob, his mother and I went on in the truck to find the Indian land that we had rented. It was almost dark and starting to snow as we arrived. We pitched our tent which we had borrowed from a friend at Martin. It was a round army tent and when we started getting ready to put it up we discovered we didn't have a center pole. We wired two six by sixes together and used those. The tent wasn't what the friend said it was as there were an awful lot of holes in it and then with the center pole wired together it wasn't too strong. But we got our beds up and our oil stove going and got supper. By that time the tractor was there and we were all ready for supper and then for bed. The next day we got our bearings and did a few things that were to be done. In the forenoon the men went to Scenic to make arrangements for gas, groceries, etc. Bob earned enough plowing so he could build a one room house. We went back to Martin and picked up our chickens and cow. We started breaking prairie and put in flax. Those fields were a beautiful sight. The flax bloomed in the morning and they were as blue and the ocean. We planted flax for a couple of years or so and then went into wheat farming. We built ourselves a two room house in the fall of 1928 as there was to be an addition to our family. Our first baby girl was born in September 1928. Then in September 1929 our second baby girl was born. In June 1931 our baby boy arrived. November 1933 another little girl joined our family. We lived on Cuny Table until the fall of 1934, when we had to get close to school, so we moved to Scenic. Bob found employment in Scenic during the winter and we continued farming on Cuny Table. The drought hit and we were forced to give up farming. In March 1937 Bob found employment with Dr. Clark so we moved to the Clark Ranch which is located on Quinn Table. Our family grew up and attended the Quinn Table school. The girls (Mary Alice) Mrs. Bill McCray of Oregon, (Donna Belle) Talty of Wall, and (Mildred Jean, Neanie) Mrs. Lawrence Gartrell of Colorado, attended St. Martins of Sturgis. John attended High School in Nebraska and Colorado where he still lives. In 1947 we left the Clark Ranch and went to Oregon. But we missed South Dakota and our old friends so in the spring of 1949 we came back. Bob found employment with Jim Allishouse who had purchased the Clark Ranch. We were with Jim until 1951 when we started farming the Peter Strom place located on 71 Table. In 1957 we moved to the (Coots) Higgins Ranch on the Cheyenne River. In the spring of 1965 we moved back to the Peter Strom place which we purchased in the meantime. Now we are in the process of fixing up our place. We have thirteen grandchildren who range from sixteen to three years in age. We look back and there has been the bitter with the sweet but that's what makes life worth living. A Pioneer Mother by Murph I feel honored being asked to write about this pioneer mother, Mrs. Carolyn Jane Foster Collins. I believe if we were giving prizes this lady would likely receive one for the largest family of living children and also one for the most descendants. Mrs. Collins is a sister of John and Cliff Foster and was born in Indiana. She and her brothers came to Minnesota with the Kellem family. Here she spent her girlhood and married Walter J. Collins (deceased 1956). They lived at Steen, Minnesota and Howard then came west in July 1906 to make a home on a claim northwest of Wall (land now owned by Frank Anderson). The long hard trip by covered wagon was made even more miserable because all four of the small Collins children had measles and whooping cough as they traveled those many miles westward. They lived in a claim shanty like their neighbors and prepared for the coming winter in a new and untamed land. Eight more children were born here making a total of thirteen, all living but Laurel, who died in infancy. The eldest Lelah (Mrs. Harry Babcock) lives north of Wall. The had four children: Alton (deceased in a car accident 1951), Eileen (Mrs. Merle Flatt) they have two boys. Gordon married Gladys Kainz, they have three boys, and live near Creighton. Shirley (Mrs. Montgomery) is an airforce wife and has three boys. Vernard (Happy) lives in Rapid City. Lorene (Mrs. Perry Marshall) lives there also. Carrie (Mrs. Bob Rotter) lives in Rapid City they have one girl, Audrey. She has five children. Another daughter, Roberta, passed away in 1951. Martin lives in Deadwood and has eleven children and five grandchildren. Charles lives in Rapid. He and his wife Melva (Reeves) have four children and three grandchildren. Clifford and wife Doris also live in Rapid they have four children and seven grandchildren. Ada (Mrs. Gerald Doud) lives in Rapid they have four children and seven grandchildren. Ona (Mrs. John Hamling) lives in Rio Linda, California has five children and eleven grandchildren. James lives in Compton, California, has twelve children and six grandchildren. William and wife Floras (Ivory) have three children and one grandchild they live in Rapid City. Margaret (Marj) married Joe Brownlee they live in Rapid and have one son. This family has never all been together at one time. The picture taken in 1950 had everyone but James -- a place was left for him and a picture inserted. I here pay tribute to a proud pioneer mother who will this August celebrate her 83rd birthday. She lives alone at 520 East Chicago in Rapid City. She is in fair health, does her own housework and enjoys visits from her many relatives. For she has: twelve children, fiftyone grandchildren and forty-five great grandchildren-ONE HUNDRED TEN DESCENDANTS in all!! [Photo - Collins Family - 1950 Back row: Walter and Carolyn, Lelah, Vernard, Lorene, Carrie, Martin, Charles; Front: Margie, Bill, Ona, Ada and Cliff.] [Photo - Four Generations Carolyn Collins, Lelah Babcock, Walter Collins, Eileen and Doug Flatt.] Frank and Edna Way by Murph Foster My parents were not early settlers and were here only a few short years, coming to Wall from Plankinton in 1927 and going on to California in 1930. But I am certain that many people well remember them for the good times that were had at the barn dances on our place. Dad laid a hardwood floor and brought in good music for everyone's enjoyment. Mother and the girls went to California to help care for my grandfather after he had a stroke and Dad and Bill followed them in the fall of 1930. Dad worked in the shipyards during the war and later did carpenter work. He passed away in 1960 from lung cancer. My sisters Jeanne (Mrs. Norman Burrbridge) and Ruth (Mrs. Don Exline) both live near Mother in Orange, California. Jeanne has four children and one grandson. Ruth has two boys and two grandsons. Brother Bill has two boys and a girl--three grandsons and one granddaughter. He also lives in Orange. Mother keeps young and busy doing sewing for people. She sews anything they want from sport shorts to wedding gowns. She has fifteen grandchildren, fourteen great grandsons and two great granddaughters. [Photo - Edna Way] [Photo - Frank Way] [Photo - Murph and Bill Way drowning out a gopher.] Mr. and Mrs. John Sieh by Leah Paulsen Mr. and Mrs. John Sieh and four young children, Clifford, Luella, Gwenda, and Leah, came from Nebraska to Wasta in March, 1929. During their move they ran into a blizzard and by the time they got to Quinn, the storm became so intense that Mrs. Sieh took the three girls, boarded a caboose of a freight train, and went on to Wasta. Clifford preferred to stay with his dad so they continued on slowly with the truckload of furniture. Jack Trople happened to be at the depot and offered to help Mrs. Sieh and the girls to the Jack Killian home. He carried Leah on his back with the rest following through the deep snow. Jack and Tobe Killian immediately started out with two gas trucks and met John in Wall. They spent the night at the Miller Hotel. Since they had been out in the storm, their clothes were snow-covered and very wet. Mrs. Miller took their clothing down and dried it by her stove in her living quarters, and when they were dry, she returned them to their door. Soon after their arrival in Wasta John bought the Mobil Gas Station and operated that for a year. In 1930 the town water system was installed and John got the job of sealing all the water pipes in town for 50c an hour. The six foot deep trenches were all dug by hand and these workers got 40c an hour. For several years John maintained the county road north of Wasta with four horses and a blade. During these years they had a herd of milk cows west of town on the place which now belongs to Pete Glade. They sold and delivered milk and cream to the entire town. In 1934 it was so dry there was no feed for the cattle. The government condemned hundred of them, paid the owners around $12 per head, and they were driven to Wasta. From there the cows were driven out to Sieh's pasture where they were slaughtered and buried. No one had much money in those days when the children were growing up but there was no lack of good times. There was roller-skating evenings in the old Wakota Hall, not only for the youngsters but also one evening a week set aside for married couples, card parties, and sometimes the roof almost left the house when all the young people gathered in the Sieh home to play cards, pop corn and laugh the evening away. Around 1935 John went into the business of general trucking and sand and gravel sales. He continued in this until Clifford took over the business. They didn't always have a car, but since trucking was their business, they did have a good truck. This provided some much needed transportation to the young people of Wasta. When a Saturday night came along, the truck was scrubbed out, benches were put in the back of the truck, and the box hauled almost as many youngsters as it had livestock during the work-week. Away they would go to Elm Springs for a dance or to Owanka to see an M & M show, etc. The trip going and coming back home was almost as much fun as the main event. During World War II John and Kittie went to Vancouver, Washington, where they both worked in the shipyards for a time. When they returned to South Dakota, they bought a service station and store at Wicksville which they operated for two and one half years. They then started the bulk gasoline delivery service which they kept for seventeen years. John sold this business and retired in 1963. They still live in Wicksville. Clifford married Opal Fenner and lives in Wasta. Luella married Orville Forkner and resides in Rapid City as does Gwenda who married Lyle Melvin. Leah is married to Warren Paulsen, and they live in Wall. John and Kittie Sieh have eleven living grandchildren and four great grandchildren. [Photo - Mr. and Mrs. John Sieh 1934.] [Photo - The John Sieh Family 1934 back row - Kittie, John, Clifford. Front row - Leah, Luella, Gwenda.] [Photo - John Sieh in front of his station in Wasta. 1930.] [Photo - Arlene Darnall, Luella, Leah, and Gwenda Sieh 1929] Joe and Opal Knapp Opal Drey, daughter of George and Lillie Drey, was born at Centerville, South Dakota on February 28, 1895. At the age of one year they moved to Clinton, Iowa with her parents and one sister Olive. At the age of six, Opal and her family moved to Rock Valley, Iowa, where they lived on a farm for several years and they moved into the town of Rock Valley where they lived until 1908 when they came to South Dakota. George Drey came to South Dakota in June, 1908, and filed on a claim of 80 acres of land about three miles straight south of Wall near the pinnacle highway. He returned to Iowa and in August Mrs. Drey, Olive, and Opal came to Wall from Iowa by train to live on the claim. Opal was thirteen years old at this time and attended school in Wall. She rode a bicycle to and from school. Their new home on the claim consisted of one room 12 x 14. Their furnishings consisted of a wooden crate turned upside down for a table and orange crates stacked up for the cupboards and wash stand, The bed was a pair of springs with legs made to fold up and in the day time it was leaned ip against the wall with a curtain hung over it. A small laundry stove with oven in the stove pipe was used to heat the home and cook the meals. Mr Drey came back to South Dakota in December of 1908. The main entertainment in these days was the celebration and dances in Wall. Everyone took part in these, young and old alike. There were many people located in the area south of Wall. Most families lived just a mile apart. During the drought of 1911 many loaded what they could haul in their wagons and returned to their former homes. Opal made her home with her parents south of Wall until her marriage to a young man by the name of Joe Knapp that she had seen many times at the dances and celebrations. Most of the time he was courting some young lady from Quinn. Joe Knapp was born at Rockwell City, Iowa, on February 22, 1888. He was the son of Michael and Kate Knapp and had four brothers and three sisters. Because of the large family Joe quit school after the fourth grade and worked with his father a carpenter and mason, Joe and a friend rode the freight from Iowa to South Dakota in 1907 and Joe stayed and worked for Mr. Raymond near Quinn then returned to his home in Iowa. He then returned to South Dakota in the fall of 1908 and filed on a claim between Quinn and Wall, In 1911 he sold his claim and bought the Swinehart place south of Wall. It was after moving south of Wall that he became acquainted with the young woman who later became his bride at Rapid City, South Dakota on September 24, 1913. Joe and Opal Knapp made their home on their ranch south of Wall for some time and then moved to Wall where Joe ran a livery stable. He operated this business for about two years, then sold out and moved back to the country on what was known as the Mackrel place. From here they moved to the Bergeson place four miles southwest of Wall which they had purchased. Later on they moved to a home located near the Sage Creek bridge. Not long after moving to Sage Creek they moved back to the Bergeson place where they spent all their years until 1941. During the drought years Joe managed to buy two large trucks and made a living by hauling baled hay from Presho and areas east to the ranchers in the Wall vicinity. With the help of his wife, sons, and a hired man, they kept the trucks moving almost twenty-four hours a day. As things improved in this area he converted his trucks to house moving equipment. Mr. and Mrs. Knapp with their trucks, small house trailer, and crew of young men became well-known all over the area as they moved buildings every where within an area of about a hundred miles in every direction from Wall. During their house moving ventures Opal traveled along with the small trailer and cooked the meals for the crew. Joe and Opal slept in the trailer house and the hired men set up their beds or cots in the building that was being moved. Over 150 homes were moved into the town of Wall alone by Joe Knapp's housemovers. In 1941 they sold their ranch to their oldest Son, George. They continued to move houses until the war started and many young men were drafted. It became harder and harder to keep a crew of trained men together. Tires and gasoline were also hard to get by this time. So in 1925 they purchased the Hillcrest Motel in Wall where they now live at this time. During the years of moving and struggling to survive in a new area, Joe and Opal raised seven children, three boys and four girls. Thelma was born June 21, 1914, now married to Anthony Marchetta and is living in San Jose, California. George was born February 5, 1916. He married the former Cly Parkin and now lives on the ranch four miles southwest of Wall. Zita, born March 9, 1918, was married to Everett Hanks at one time and. is living at Gardena, California. Birdie, born June 6, 1919, married Bud Williams and now lives on a ranch south of Philip, South Dakota. Darrell, born February 27, 1921, now lives in Wall. YuVonne, born March 25,1922, married Mickey Lutz and now lives in Custer, South Dakota. Evelyn, born November 27, 1924, married Lynn Williams and now lives in Wall. Joe and Opal also have nine grandsons, nine granddaughters, four great-grandsons, and six great-granddaughters. [Photo - Proving up on Joe Knapp's Claim - 1908 Hans Hanson, Mert Green, Frank Steponic, Daddy Green, Pete Christenson and Joe Knapp.] [Photo - Joe Knapp and Opal Drey on a date in 1912.] [Photo - The next day after proving up--Daddy Green, Pete Christensen, Mert Green, Frank Steponic, Hans Hanson, Joe Knapp.] [Photo - YoVonne, Darrell, Zita, Birdie and Evelyn - 1928.] [Photo - Darrell, YoVonne, Thelma, George, Zita, Elberta and Evelyn Knapp - 1928.] [Photo - Joe Knapp in front of his livery stable in Wall.] [Photo - One of the larger buildings moved by Joe in 1940.] The Hugh Estes Family By James W. Estes It was in June, 1895 that I first saw the plains area in what is now known as Wall. My father and John Edwards, who was then working for my dad on our ranch in the Nemo area, decided to set up a cattle ranch on the east side of the Cheyenne River near Peno Ranch. Sam Williams, who owned the Peno Ranch, had been running some cattle for my dad for two or three years, so he was more or less familiar with that section of the county. We started with team and spring wagon and the usual grub box, bed roll and camping outfit. We reached Peno on the third day. John Edwards and my dad scouted the country around there for three or four days and finally decided to buy a place that was for sale by Louis Austie, a Frenchman, with wife and two little girls, who wanted to back to Canada where his children would have access to school. His place was the most attractive from the water and shelter standpoint. At that time no one thought the country would ever be populated, so in looking for a cattle ranch the main thing was water and natural shelter. My dad, John Edwards and A. J. Young of Nemo formed a partnership and bought the Austie place which consisted of 25 horses, 140 cattle and some haying equipment. The men already had 350 head of stock before the purchase. John, a single man, stayed at the ranch and ran the spread. At that time there were very few settlers. Rock Porier lived on the place where Otto Geigle lives now and Ricard had the place that Emanuel Geigle lived on for many years. A Frenchman by the name of Champaign had a ranch on Deep Creek just below the Rock Porier place, in fact it was considered a French settlement. However most of them went back to Canada when their children were old enough for school. None of them attempted to farm, just raised cattle. As I recall there was only one ranch between our ranch and Pedro and that belonged to Moses Smith, who had a ranch on Rainy Creek. It was later owned by Lafe O'Neil. Ben West, an old Civil War soldier, had a homestead near the head of Deep Creek and ran a few cattle. (He was a bachelor.) Adolph Kalkbrenner had a sheep ranch near the head of Bull Creek which was about five miles west of our ranch. Eight miles east of Peno, Mexican Ed ran the Grindstone post office in an abandoned Northwestern Stage Company station. Shelby Reed had a small cattle spread just east at Lake Hill in what we called the Eskins draws. Mike Quinn had a place at where the town of Quinn is now located. Mike Quinn had a freight outfit, consisting of 50 yoke of choice cattle and he hauled freight from Pierre to Deadwood in the late 70s. The country east of the Cheyenne River was Indian reservation until 1890 and for some time thereafter was called the reservation. All the names I have, mentioned are people Who settled in what is now considered the Wall area prior to 1895. My brother, Jes, and I stayed at the ranch during the summer months to look after the cattle and keep them from scattering too far from home on the open range, as the country was rapidly becoming stocked with cattle by the big outfits who were taking advantage of the open free range. It kept us very busy holding our cattle near the home ranch. Water was the main problem in the dry part of the summer, and when cattle got thirsty they headed for water wherever they could find it. The big lake near where Alva Sims now lives was a watering place for hundreds of cattle and horses. I used to ride to the lake about noon nearly every day during the dry season to look for any of our cattle that may have strayed that far from home. Such was the general procedure during the summer months while holding a small bunch of cattle near your home ranch. It was about March 6, 1898, and our winter school was out in the Nemo school district. The weather was nice and warm so I asked my dad if I could go down to the cattle ranch and help John Edwards as he was there alone. Dad thought it would be alright so I left home on a black Morgan horse that was in good condition. I left with $2.75 in my pocket for expenses on the trip. I made it to Rapid City about noon, put my horse in Alex Shellito's livery stable for a feed of grain, and went to Mose Lamere's restaurant for lunch. At that time you could get a full meal for 25c. When I went back to the stable for my horse Mr. Shellito told me that there were some reports from the nearby ranchers that there had been a fairly heavy snowfall east of Rapid City and if I was going to the ranch I could expect to travel through some snow. This did not mean much to me as I was raised in the Black Hills where a foot of snow was nothing unusual. So I left Rapid City about 1 p.m, and headed east. I came to the west edge of the snowfall about where the air base is now. However the snow became deeper the farther east I went. I intended to make the Daily ranch that evening but it was getting dark when I got to the McCain place so I ask and got overnight lodging there. The next morning I continued on my journey while the weather was calm. The snow got deeper as I got farther east; it must have been at least two feet deep on the level. There were very few fences so I detoured around the head of draws to avoid getting stalled in snowdrifts. I passed some ranch houses but they had been abandoned for the winter. Finally about 2 p.m. I saw a ranch house with smoke coming out of the chimney. I made my way to find out what place it was and was told by the kind lady that it was the Humphrey place. This gave me my bearing as I had been over this trail before and knew where people lived. I asked the lady how far it was to Bill Smith's place on the river. "Well, sir," she said, "It's 25 miles to Smithville." Well, I knew that Bill Smith's place was much closer so I continued my journey. After going about two miles east from the Humphrey place I dropped down on the nine-mile flat. The snow was not so deep on this flat so I could put my horse into a trot part of the time. I rode into Bill Smith's on the river at sundown and stayed overnight there. The next morning Bill rode down to Smithville with me, a distance of about three miles. There we were advised that the river might be treacherous as there was about six inches of muddy water running over the winter ice and there may be some holes. Well, I made it across and still had 15 miles to go to the ranch, my destination. The road up the Cheyenne breaks was on a ridge most of the way and was blown clean of snow. When I got on top--the northwest corner of Lake Flat--the snow was still two feet deep. I was ten miles from the ranch and it was about 11 a.m. After riding east for about a half hour I met Frank Thompson, who was driving a team hitched to a buckboard and carrying mail from Pierre to Smithville. He had been holed up at a ranch on Bad River since the storm on March 4th. Thompson was the first person I had met on the road since leaving Rapid City. I rode into the ranch about 4 p.m. and found John pretty busy with the cattle. Cows were dropping calves in the snow at the rate of two and three per day. It got pretty cold at night and sometimes we would have one or two calves in the house with us to keep them from freezing. It was during this same storm that two teenage boys froze to death at different locations, although in the same area. A Kalkbrenner boy was on his way home and missed his place because of the severe blizzard, and as a result died. The other boy went out to help his brother bring in cattle and froze to death. His brother made it home safely. These boys were sons of Shelby Reed. The Estes ranch was generally ran as a cow camp until the year 1905 when my dad sold the Hills ranch to Homestake Mining Company and the family moved to the cow camp and made it the ranch home. In the family, at that time, were three boys and three girls. The oldest boy, Jes, got married and moved back to the Hills. Neva, the oldest girl married Harry Shedden, a railroad man from Edgemont and they made that city their home. Hugh and I did most of the hauling when we moved from the Hills to the prairie ranch. There was household furniture, lumber, machinery and many other necessary things to be acquired. A rancher had to provide his own water, fuel and heat. Nobody even thought of sticking a plow in the ground those days, except for a small garden plot. We had two school sections leased for hayland. Native wheatgrass made excellent hay if out at the right time. We had our droughts then just as we have them now. 1900 was very dry in the Wall area. C. K. Howard and Mike Quinn moved their cattle to the Rosebud reservation and my dad moved 100 head of cows to the Cap Ferguson ranch on Plum Creek for wintering. That year we had no rain in the spring or summer until about the latter part of August when we got a real cloudburst at the headwaters of Deep Creek. This rain greened the grass a little but not enough for good grazing. In the spring of 1901 I drove down Deep Creek on the old Big Foot Indian trail with a team and wagon after a load of barb wire and noticed driftwood 20 feet high in the cottonwood trees, but there was no sign of erosion. No sand and silt was carried in the water. Today, after half the soil in the drainage area of Deep Creek has been plowed and farmed, there is so much erosion down Deep Creek that you cannot ride horseback down the old Big Foot trail. After 1905 the settlers began to trickle in as there were rumors that the Northwestern Railroad was to be built between Pierre and Rapid City and by 1907 most the level land was homesteaded. This put the cattle raisers on the spot who had had the advantage of free grazing land for years. The Estes ranch began to raise some alfalfa and cane as well as some small grain, and weathered the changeover fairly well. Fern and Edith, the youngest girls, having finished grade school, went to business schools and Hugh also attended the Rapid City business school, but like many others still loved the ranch life to which he returned. In 1908 I went to work for Homestake in the sawmill at Estes, two miles south of Memo. This took me away from ranch life and left Hugh Jr. as the last son to remain on the ranch with Dad. I think they worked together as a sort of father and son partnership for quite sometime or until Hugh met one of the charming school teachers who came into the area. Her name was Charlotte, They were married and established residence on Hugh's homestead, one mile west of the home ranch where they raised a family of three children, Elmer, Estella and Hughie (Buster). However the partnership continued with livestock. Times were hard throughout most of those years. There were droughts and grasshoppers to contend with and finally the drought of 1911, when they took the cattle to Rosebud Reservation and sold them in the fall to Corb Morris. Charlotte continued to teach school to help the budget. I think it was because of the hard work and determination of Hugh and Charlotte that the old Estes ranch held together. They also raised a family who are now leading citizens of the Wall area. In 1919 my dad contracted to sell our land holdings to Mills and Anderson for $15 an acre, which seemed a very big price at that time. I believe they paid $6,000 down on a $30,000 deal. My father and mother bought a home in North Rapid and moved up there. On May 16, 1922, my dad passed away. Mills and Anderson failed to comply with their contract so my mother had to take the land back. My mother leased part of the land to Ben Winkowitch and part of it to Hugh and Charlotte. I worked for Homestake for 42 and a half years, retiring in 1950. Upon retirement I moved back to our ranch at Wall and lived there for eight years. In 1958 1 sold out to Bert Willuweit and have since lived in Rapid City. My wife and I have two children, Dave Estes living in Rapid City who has two daughters and a grandson; and daughter, Charlotte Davis, also in Rapid. She has two sons and a daughter. [Photo - The Estes Family James, Neva, Jesse, Edith, Fern and Hugh.] [Photo - Mrs. H. P. Estes, Sr.] [Photo - James Estes] Hugh and Charlotte Estes by Estes Bros. (Bud and Buster) Hugh Estes established a residence for himself in Pennington County by homesteading one mile west of his father's place in 1906. He shortly built a home which later was added on and modernized and has been in use up to the present time. In 1916 Hugh married a young lady who came west to teach school. Her name was Charlotte Lundring. They were married in Canby, Minnesota. After their honeymoon trip they returned to the ranch home and lived there until the death of Hugh which was in 1943. Born to Hugh and Charlotte were three children: Estelle, now Mrs. Frank Crowell of Hot Springs, Elmer (Bud) and Hugh (Buster) who have lived in Wall since 1948. Hugh operated his place along with the original Estes ranch for many years both as a farmer and rancher. During this time Charlotte taught school in the area. In 1948 Charlotte sold the Hugh Estes ranch to Jim Estes. Jim actively operated the ranch for a few years then he sold the complete ranch to Bert Willuweit in 1958. The low cattle prices, shortage of rainfall and poor crops during the thirties did not indicate a very attractive or prosperous future to many young men in the area. As a result I (Bud) left the ranch in 1937 to go to work for Red Owl Stores. After two years with Red Owl I quit and started with Gambles in Gillette, Wyoming. In 1941 I assumed management of the Hot Springs store. In June of 1941 I married the former Patricia Hansen of Spearfish. After the war, I returned to Gillette for a couple of years then back to Wall in June of 1948 where the Gamble store was purchased from Lysle Dartt. As of this date (July, 1965) the store is still owned and operated by me. Born to Bud and Patty Estes were four children Dawna Rae, Douglas, Doyle and Jimmy. Dawna completed college in 1965. Doug has completed three years at the University of Vermillion. Doyle is a junior in High School. Jimmy will finish the eighth grade in 1966. I (Buster) was raised on the Estes ranch during the dry thirties, and attended grade school at the Huron School. After graduation from High School in the spring of 1949 in Wall, I worked for my brother Bud in the Gamble store. I enlisted in the Marine Corps January of 1951 and received my discharge in December of 153. During my years of duty in the Marine Corps I spent two and one half years in the South Pacific and in Japan. In March of 1954 Bud and I (Buster) formed a partnership known today as "Estes Brothers". In February of 1955 I married the former Amie Petersen who was teaching school in Wall. We have three children, Brad 7, Bret 5 and Brenda Lee 2. At the present time I manage the Estes Bros. business which consists of a motel and construction operation. Estelle Marie Estes was a graduate of the Wall High School and Black Hills Teachers College at Spearfish, and taught school at Rome, N. Dak. On June 12, 1941 she married Sgt. Frank E. Crowell, son of Mr. and Mrs. Emerson Crowell of Bonita Springs. Frank is a graduate of Rapid City High School and was a member of the 81st Division Training Cadre of Camp Rucker near the Ozarks. They have four sons, Hugh, Allen, Tom and Frank, Jr., and a grandson. At present, they own and operate the Crowell Motel and the Ponderosa Trailer Park at Hot Springs. Charlotte Estes died in 1963. She had lived in Rapid City for fifteen years and was teaching at New Underwood at the time of her death. In 1958 her, family and many of her students whom she had taught between 1915 and 1958, gave her a surprise party. Mrs. Estes loved to travel and had visited many countries during the 1950s. [Photo - Hugh and Charlotte Estes] [Photo - Charlotte Estes] [Photo - The Estes Family - 1941 Pat, Mrs. Estes, Estelle, Mr. Estes, Buster and Bud.] [Photo - Bud and Estelle drinking hot milk.] [Photo - Performance testing of cattle and feeding. Left ot right Jim Estes, Shirley Davis, Henry Holzman, and Mr. Minard.] The Vanishing Trails Expeditions by Cliff Szarkowski and Leonel Jensen An outing, known as the "Vanishing Trails Expedition", is sponsored each year in early September by the Chamber of Commerce of Wall, South Dakota, a colorful cross-roads town and tourist attraction. Wall sits on the interstate highway a few miles north of the famed Badlands National Monument, a stark panorama of erosion- sculptured peaks and bottomless ravines where Indians once camped, and where western outlaws occasionally hid out. The 1964 Expedition attracted a caravan of nearly a thousand people. Their "train" of 200 and more cars spent the better part of the day following the trail taken by an ill-fated Indian band across the Badlands and down into the creek bed where they were overtaken and wiped out . . . a dot on the map, known ironically enough, as Wounded Knee. Though the Expeditions now attract history buffs from as far away as Denver, Chicago. even an occasional easterner who somehow has heard about them . . . their main interest is for South Dakotans. Dakota ranchers and farmers have a keen sense of the history of their area--this last frontier. Many have parents or grandparents who homesteaded the rolling hills and dry plains in sod shanties, or who trekked to the Black Hills gold rush . . . after a yellow-haired officer named George Custer had reconnoitered those sacred grounds of the Sioux and confirmed the discovery of rich lodes there. For many present-day South Dakotans, the yearly Vanishing Trails Expedition provides a new and highly enjoyable replacement for the old-time "reunion days". They can count on running into at least a few childhood friends, perhaps some "kissin' cousins" who now farm or ranch a spread a good distance away: - South Dakota is a land of great distances and you can often drive for hours without seeing anything more than an occasional herd of cattle silhouetted against the horizon. The Vanishing Trails idea began simply enough: a pleasant way to spend a Sunday picnicking; and to view the wagon wheel ruts, the campfire ashes and the other marks left by the first waves of soldiers, homesteaders and gold-seekers who swept across this section of the country. The idea came from Leonel Jensen, a rancher of pioneer stock who lives near Wall. From working .on his own ranch and on others in the area, he came to know the Indian and outlaw hideouts in the nearby Badlands, the camps of the fur trappers and traders, the deep-rutted tracks of the military expeditions and of the later stage coaches and bull wagon freight trains. Jensen wanted others to know these marks of history before they vanished under highways and the erosion of "civilization", and he enlisted the help of Col. Robinson (the South Dakota state historian). Also coming to his aid was the Wall Chamber of Commerce and Ted Hustead. Mr. and Mrs. Cliff Szarkowski, Col. Robinson, Jensen, and others versed in the area's history scouted, researched and mapped the trails. Then Wall sponsored the outings by kicking them off with an event that is shrewdly calculated to dislodge the average South Dakotan from a comfortable Sunday at- home: a free breakfast of all the pancakes, sausages and coffee you can put away. To date, the Expeditions have retraced the routes of pioneers and Indians, and re-lived some of the most colorful incidents in the conquest settling of the Dakotas (the name Dakotas, which the Sioux adopted many years before they knew the white man, means: "The Friendly People"). They include the route taken in 1855 on a "sabre-rattling" march by General William S. Harney from Ft. Laramie to Ft. Pierre - a "show of strength" that did result -in a sharp and decisive fight. A portion of Harney's route west into the Badlands was the first of the Expeditions, in 1960. The next year, the caravan of cars followed the trail of a less bloody but equally exciting period of history: part of the Ft. Pierre-Deadwood stage coach route. Deadwood, as every western fan knows, was one of the wildest and wooliest gold mining camps in the West. In 1962, the Expedition went into the savagely beautiful Badlands country just outside the monument area itself--to view the "Stronghold", a high flat mesa in which the Sioux hoped to fight off the U.S. cavalry at a time when they had fled their reservations. The cavalry did not dislodge them from the "Stronghold"; this was accomplished by a bitter winter and lack of food. The 1963 Expedition trekked north through the brakes of the Cheyenne River to the camp of Chief Big Foot. It was Big Foot's band which was massacred at Wounded Knee on December 29, 1890. The Wounded Knee Expedition of 1964 is probably the most history-rich of the five trips thus far, since it is the locale of the last open conflict between U. S. soldiers and the American Indians. It attracted over a thousand history buffs, including a few from as far away as Denver and Chicago, Wall expects the popularity of the annual expeditions to further increase and is considering charting all the trails and historical points of the area with markers and special maps -- "self-guided" tours. In this way, they hope, people will be encouraged to explore this starkly beautiful historical area any time. Pioneer Parents by Mrs. Alma Carter When I hear of those old pioneers of 1880 and earlier, the thing that surprises me most was how they hung on when things looked almost hopeless, but they did hang on. My own folks, Frank and Lou Himebaugh, were attending college at Ann Arbor, Michigan, when the itch to go west struck Dad; he was 24, Mother was 22. By early spring, Dad with hopes high, was ready to go. Their conveyance was a covered wagon with all kinds of tools, kitchenware, bedding and clothes. The wagon was drawn by four milk cows, with their calves following. Firmly tied on behind was a box with six or eight hens and one rooster. On July 8th, 1880, their wedding anniversary, they reached the ground that Dad decided to file on. Dad dug a dugout, and covered it to live in. Then he cut logs and built their first home, about half mile from the dugout. He didn't get the house chinked that first winter. Mother could not bear the thought of her daughter, (Mrs. Alma Carter), being born in a dugout. So, somehow she walked to the new, unfinished home. The first storm of the season hit and it was almost impossible to keep Mother from freezing. She stood it for 36 hours, when a good neighbor, Uncle John Ingersol, got to Rapid and brought Dr. McGillocudy out. I can thank him for saving my life that very stormy day of October 10, 1880. Mother was confined to her bed for a year, but you can be sure Dad got us back to the cozy dugout just as soon as possible. Before another year passed, Dad took Mother and me to Onslow, Iowa where both my parents went into business, Mother with a Milliner store, and Dad buying and selling beeves for the market in conjunction with his half brother Charles. While in that town Mother got very sick. The Doctor said it was TB. Father gave his entire time caring for her. When he was very worn, he got a nurse for nights. They gave Mother morphine to allay the pain and so she could sleep at night. They never knew how she got two doses one night. Both Dad and the nurse had to get Mother up, and walk her for hours to save her life. Miraculously she got better. After that they began to make plans to get back to the refreshing air in Dakota Territory. They did get back and never left till they took that long last mile. They both worked hard. My only sister, Bess Carrie Himebaugh, was born in 1886. Mother nursed maternity patients in their own home and taught school besides. She passed the bar in 1941. Dad farmed, drafted houses and built them. Just before he died he told me he had been counting up how many homes he had made. It was over 200 and no two homes were alike. After Mother died Dad lived with my husband Cal Carter, and me. Father crossed the line in the spring of 1946. Both are buried in the Keystone cemetery. [Photo - Five generations picture: Gladys holding Marian Luella, Elsie, Alma Carter and her father.] [Photo - Breaking prairie on the old Winkler place, now owned by Waldon Wood - 1909. Ernie Olsen with an ever-size gang plow. Elmer Porter owned the land.] [Photo - Pierce store (Where Vic Byerly's liquor store is today) 1913 - '14] [Photo - Tom Bliss, Kenneth and Eleanor Lewis at the Gypsy Oil Well, May 1931.] [Photo - Frank Williams Family - 1927 Back row: Frank, Dale, Lynn, Mrs. Williams; Front: Milo, Bud and Merle.] [Photo - Renner Family - 1955 Back row: Kenneth, Howard, Leslie, Eva and James. Front: Merle holding Allen, Earl, Grace holding Bud, Kenneth. Jeanie in front.] Photo - Mr. and Mrs. James Renner, 50th Wedding Anniversary - 1959] [Photo - Mr. and Mrs. Frank Williams - 1907] [Photo - Glen Percy, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Williams, Lou Percy and Grandpa and Grandma Percy.] [Photo - The Fischer home and children: Walter; Dorothy, Raymond and Phyllis] [Photo - Lincoln School - Back row: Gladys Shull Romans, Robinson girl, __ila Walker, Bertha Jensen, Ann O'Connell, teacher, Walker boy, Clyde Shull, George Fuller, Leonel Jensen and Roy Shull. Front: Walker boy, two Robinson children, Anna Batterman, Margarethe Batterman, a Robinson girl, Wlater Batterman, Homer Jensen and Reggie Shull.] [Photo - A school picture taken about 1914, South Star School. Left to right: Gladys Villbrandt, Marion Wiley, Charley Villbrandt, Vera Fuller, Marie McDonald, Gretchen Peterson (teacher), Leona Villbrandt, Art Bergeson, Mabel Villbrandt, Doc Bergeson, George Fuller, Ray Shull, Ing Bergeson, Floyd Roberts, Clyde Shull, Gladys Snell, Harry Villbrandt, Mollie Villbrandt, Gladys Roberts, Art and Louise Gorseth, Gladys Shull.] [Photo - Gladys Johnson's school 1917. Molly Villbrandt, Arthur Gerseth, Bernice Gerseth, Gladys Snell] [Photo - Marion Wiley, Esther and Lester Gunn and Esther Johnson - 1916 Lincoln School] [Photo - Intermediate Room 1939 - 1940] [Photo - Football Boys 1949 - 1950] [Photo - Band - 1949 - 1950] [Photo - Grades 7 - 8 - 1947 - 1948] [Photo - Primary 1941 - 1942] [Photo - Grades 1 - 2 - 3 - 1936 - 1937] John R. and Anna Burroughs John Burroughs came here in 1906 and filed on land on the north end of 71 Table near the Albert Mallow place. He worked for Jack Higgins and always had a trap line. He married Anna Fremel in 1915 at the courthouse in Rapid City. Although they never had a family of their own, they had a hand in helping with the neighborhood children. Both Dad and Anna loved children very much. After they sold the farm and moved to Scenic, Dad ran filling stations, fished and hunted. He said he never became a rich man but he made a living easier here than in any state he had lived in. His wife passed away just before Christmas of 1964. Had she lived until January 7, 1965 they would have reached their golden wedding anniversary. Dad has taken a trip to California now to visit friends. [Photo - John R. Burroughs] Other Pioneers In Scenic There are many stories that could be written but no book would be complete of the Scenic area if there was not mention made of these old timers. There was Connie Hanifan who filed on Hart Table in 1906. He never let anything stand in his way when it came to progress or anything that would make a better community. Then there was Ed Curtain and our Tom Friet who, also in their own ways, added much to our town. The Jacob Denke Family by Ed Denke and Cong "Denke" Clarin Jacob Denke was born March 8, 1893 in the Crimea of Russia. In the early 1900's his parents came to the United States, homesteading 15 miles north of Quinn in approximately 1907. Jacob's parents built a stone house on their property which is still a landmark and dwelling place of a nephew, Willie Geigle. Jacob was better known as "Jake" by his friends and family. As a young man he homesteaded northwest of Creighton, but didn't live there long. Jake served his country in World War I. He was wounded in the knee and also mustard gassed while overseas. On March .17, 1921 he and Emma Eisenbraun were married. Seven children were born to this union. Edwin - who is married - has two daughters and lives in Palmdale, California where he teaches school. Erwin - who is married - has four daughters and a son and lives in Pacoima, California where he and his wife both work in a Sav-On Drug Store. Theodore - who is married - has three daughters and a son and is living on a farm near Delmont, South Dakota. Walter - who is living at Rapid City and doing carpenter work. Elmer - who is married -has four daughters and a son and is living at Igloo, South Dakota, working at the Black Hills Ordinance Depot. Leona - who is married to Donald Clarin has one daughter - lives at Wall, South Dakota where her husband is employed as a telephone lineman. Benjamin - who is living in Rapid City and employed by the State Highway Department as a bridge inspector. The years while the family was growing up were good years in the respect that we had a good life together in spite of the depression and illnesses. The first home the children remember was 14 miles north of Quinn, which was sold to E. G. Geigle in 1939 when the family moved to Peno Basin on the Sieler ranch near Grindstone, South Dakota. In 1941 the Meyer ranch was purchased and was home until 1948 when it was sold and a Cabin Camp and home were built in Quinn. In 1954 the cabin business became too much work, so was sold. The cabins were moved to Kadoka, South Dakota and the house was moved to Wall, South Dakota where Dad and Mother lived until Dad passed away November 3, 1961. The home is still in Wall and lived in by Mother. [Photo - Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Denke 25th wedding anniversary] [Photo - The Denke family in 1941] Reflections of the Early Days by Alfred Zietlow I came to the Scenic area in the year 1918. Nearly all the residents of Hart Table were the original homesteaders who had remained after the severe drought of 1911. All the roads were mere wagon trails across the prairie with a few bridges across the main creeks on the most travelled trails. We had a very good crop that year, both small grain and corn. Also the alfalfa was very good. The grain was all harvested with a binder and we threshed it with a one-cylinder gasoline tractor and a grain separator that was fed by hand. The twine was first cut and the grain was then fed into the cylinder by hand. This machine was still used for some years until the early combines and the more modern gasoline engines and threshing machines appeared. In 1919 the crop was rather poor and we had an early winter, snow in the middle of October and very severe weather all winter continuing into May, 1920, with very heavy loss of stock followed by a severe collapse of all farm prices in the autumn of 1920. The cowboy and his horse were a common sight. Nearly all children rode horseback to school. By the time the depression of the 30s arrived conditions had changed a lot. There were a large number of autos and tractors on the farms; roads were being graded and general conditions were beginning to look somewhat more as they are at present. [Photo - Joe Herink] [Photo - Col. And Mrs. C. C. Rinehart and their 1904 Cadillac.] [Photo - Joe and Matt Strasser] [Photo - One of the first cars.] The American Legion and Auxiliary Carroll McDonald Post of Wall, was named in honor of Carroll A. McDonald, the first casualty of World War I from this area. Born at Winfred, South Dakota in 1876, Carroll spent his childhood there until 1909, at which time he moved to Wall. Before entering service, Carroll taught the North Star School and the Foster School. Later he worked as cashier in the First State Bank of Wall. Carroll McDonald lost his life September 12, 1918 in the Battle of St. Mehil, at the age of twenty two. Carroll McDonald Post was organized in 1929 and has been an active group ever since. The World War II men and Korean Vets were welcomed into the Post, and have made it go and grow. The Post has a long time record of being over quota, of Community Service, of Child Welfare work and many other activities. The Auxiliary Unit was organized before World War II, became inactive during the war and was reactivated in 1950. Since that time a relative small group of women have been active in many projects including; a library, Americanism, Girls State, Junior Drill Team, and working with the younger girls. The Post and Unit have been active on the Department and District level as well as the local. Many members have attended conventions, served as officers and helped in sending the Drill Team to State and National Conventions. [Photo - Carroll A. McDonald] [Photo - Post Commander Deutscher introduces speaker Wayne McDowel. At Veterans Day Dinner held in honor of Korean Veterans, Dist. Comm Bob Marsden, Herma and Father Connolly at head table.] [Photo - Auxiliary Initiation Team: Myrtle Callan, Jean Trople, Esther Bielmaier, Herma Marsden, Pat Estes, Ruth Larsen, Janet Joyce.] [Photo - Float in July 10th parade.] [Photo - Bob Babcock, Warren Paulsen, Bruce Babcock and Glenn Best.] [Photo - Memorial Day Parade - Homer Jensen leading color guard followed by Boy Scouts and Legionnaires.] [Photo - 1961 Memorial Day Parade - Joe Bielmaier in charge.] [Photo - Legionnaires: Swabovich, Edwards, Fischer, Wenlock, McHan, Gunn, Szarkowski, Hatton, Sundquist, Paulsen, Geigle, Standley, Mihills, Paulsen, Byerly, Strandell, Marsden; Front: Smith, McDonnell, Kleinschmit, Deutscher, Sallee, Willuweit, ?, Bielmaier, Hildebrandt, Bielmaier.] [Photo - Dedication of Veteran's Memorial in Wall Cemetery. President LaVonne Smith presenting the wreath.] [Photo - Carolettes Drill Team: Judy Szarkowski, leader; First row, front to back: Pam McHan, Shirley Wood, Wanita Hildebrandt, Marilyn Johnson; second row: Ronda Kennedy, Alana Paulsen, Charlotte Fischer, Barbara Gunn; third row: Kitty Paulsen, Arlene Fischer, Vicky Vickers, Peggy Kennedy; fourth row: Carla Williams, Lynda Foster, Cleo Williams, Diane Paulsen.] [Photo - Junior Auxiliary Girls: Judy Kleinschmit, Terri Hindman, Vicki Shepard, Janet Marsden, Suzie Hustead, Patty Doyle, and Helen Milhills, leader.] [Photo - Buster Estes] [Photo - Bud Estes and Deane Joyce] [Photo Honoring a Gold Star Mother: Mrs. Lillian Parris, B. Bielmaier, Marsden, Hatton, Mrs. Parris and Strandell - 1961.] [Photo - Marsden, Paul and Bielmaier Gold Star Mothers, Lillian Parris and Mary Welsh] [Photo - Gold Star Mother Rosin a Willuweit in a familiar pose - crocheting.] [Photo - Memorial Day Decorations by Auxiliary] [Photo - Bill Hustead and Dora Briley at the Rock Hut Library established in 1957.] [Photo - Newly initiated members: Ruth Hildebrandt, Mary Deutscher McGriff, Helen Deutscher.] [Photo - President Pat Estes presenting check to Commander Joe Bielmaier. Looking on are Rosina and Marge Willuweit, Rosa Bielmaier, Helen Deutscher, Herma Marsden, Molly Hartwell, Mary McGriff, Myrtle Callan.] [Photo - District President Marsden presents unit award to Pat Estes.] [Photo - Branding at the Estes.] [Photo - Branding Hugh Estes, Sr.] [Photo - Mr. and Mrs. Lee, Violet Kitterman, Irv Paulsen, Gladys Lee, Mollie Kitterman, Bill Lee and Leone Kitterman. Children in front Warren and Raynold Paulsen.] [Photo – Cedar Butte School – 1918: Inez Paulsen was teacher. F. Dartt, Jones, Tom Haskell, L. and G. Dartt, Elvis Melborn, Howard Anderson, Ray and Leo Naescher. Back: Norman Dartt, Vincent Poage and C. Jones.] [Photo – Irving Paulsen – 1918] [Photo – Cedar Butte school children: Osbern, Ruth, Wade & Gladys Kitterman; George, Sam & Lloyd Dartt; Fern Paulson, Hattie Haskell, Lola & Minnie Crosin, Beatrice, Clarence, Bonnie, Virginia Goodsell.] [Photo - Lincoln School – Lysle Dartt, teacher; three Morris boys, Joan Morris, Sylvia Lakner, Waren Paulsen, Junior and Idelnna Gunn, Bob Marsden and Eckerts children, in 1927.] [Photo – Kitterman Girls: Leone, Violet, Mrs. Mollie Kitterman, Minnie, Gladys, Florence and Lynn.] [Photo – Brainard Poste] [Photo – The Goodsell’s at their home in Quinn after the blizzard of 1949.] [Photo – Mr. and Mrs. Emil Kjerstad, Sr. and Mr and Mrs. Dave Coyner 1954.] [Photo – Ed and Minnie Dartt.] A Postscript We, the Auxiliary members, wish to say a special thank you to all who gave their time and energy to help produce this book, especially to the following: Mary Stone, Edith Talty, Jean Larsen, Colleen Levy, Sharon Keyser and her typing class, Leah Mateicka, Ramona Strandell, Marjorie Bielmaier, Luann Spence, Vernie Paulsen, Etta Crouch and Leonel Jensen, and any others we might have omitted. A special word of gratitude goes to Ruth Hildebrandt, whose urging and interest started the Auxiliary on this project. As we close this book may we say that we have enjoyed all the material sent to us. Some we were unable to use and some were reworded a bit, but the pictures especially--we prize! They have given us many a laugh when the hours of sorting and counting grew long. But in another fifty years someone else may do a book and use our pictures and the laugh will then be on us. The 1965 hair styles, shorts, sandals and bathing suits will look funny by then, no doubt. One plea we would like to make--after handling countless numbers of unnamed pictures- -please date and name all the people on the pictures that you take in the future for posterity's sake. For all this, we thank you.