Text of Ziebach Co., SD History (1982) - pages 139 - 159 This file is the text of the book, "South Dakota's Ziebach County, History of the Prairie", published in 1982 by the Ziebach County Historical Society, Dupree, SD Permission to publish this book in electronic form was given by Jackie Birkeland, member of the Historical Committee. This book is copyright, 1982 by the Ziebach County Historical Society, Dupree, SD. Scanning and OCR by Terri Tosh , final editing by Joy Fisher, . Chapter 10 SCHOOLS INTRODUCTION TO DAY SCHOOLS The building of the Day Schools in the communities in 1933 permitted many Indian students to stay at home during the school year rather than attend boarding schools. How painful it was for both children and parents to be apart for such long periods of time. Travel was slow and difficult so children usually didn't get to go home even for Christmas. Children were not allowed to speak their native tongue at boarding school. Some children were fortunate enough to live near a rural school which they could attend. Some families moved to temporary quarters near the school so they could be with their children. BOARDING SCHOOL AT THE OLD AGENCY told by Alex Chasing Hawk There used to be a big Fair at the Cherry Creek Station every fall in September. Everyone would go and camp in tents in a great circle. On the last day they would go around to all of the tents with three big wagons, and pick up all of the children. Then they would take the children to the Station, where several Model T's were waiting to take them to the Boarding School. That is how they got all the kids. Many of the people would leave the Fair real early on the last morning, so that their children would not be taken. In those days the Indians were under the military, so the students had to wear uniforms and learn to march with sticks of wood that looked like guns. If Alex Chasing Hawk had joined the Army in World War I, he wouldn't have had to learn anything, for he had learned all that at Boarding School! "We have to wear uniforms to attend churches and we have to work half a day and we go to school half a day. This public school where I went, we spent a whole day attending classes. At this boarding school, I spent half of three years working and half of the time I go to school. When I was in school, working half-a-day, I didn't get enough education. So then we talked to Congressman Berry. He was a young guy at that time, and we had him introduce a bill in Congress: that the state course of study be adopted by the United States government. And that bill passed. All of the tribes in the U. S. got benefit out of our bill because they adopted the state courses of study. So since then, the kids attend school all day." MY LIFE AT OAHE SCHOOL by Ruth Yellow Hawk Thunder Hoop in 1968 and 1971 I was born in 1887 at the Oahe Mission School, where that big dam is. I was raised there and I went to school there for about ten years. In those days they taught us how we should learn to live and they taught us to read the Bible. We had Bible classes from Reverend T. L. Riggs and his wife. One should know that the Oahe School is a Mission and Congregational School. It was called the Oahe Industrial School. [photo – Thomas L. Riggs (SDSHS)] It was in 1893, the first year I went to school at Oahe. Mrs. Riggs had driven over in a spring wagon. She came over to get my sister, Eunice. All at once I just felt I must go along with my sister. I knew I wouldn't be allowed to go. I was too little. They said, "Oh!" how I bawled out crying until they let me go. But by evening, how I felt lonesome. I cried so hard they had to carry me around, some big girls helping my sister to comfort me. In a few days, I got over it. After that I went to school for three years, then my sisters went with me, Elizabeth and Bessie. I took care of them. One time Louise Bowker had an idea, "Let's have a dance in the old laundry." We all chimed in "let's", so she played the mouth organ a tune and I was to play as she called out a square dance. The dance was in full swing, dust flying, bumping into each other, and having a mighty good time. But we got caught, for dancing wasn't allowed. We were sorry because we had to stay in and wash windows and clean up on Saturday. Someone had told on us. Oh! those happy childish days. In my first years in school at Oahe there was some teachers I recall, Miss Jenny Lind, the cook; and Miss Pratt, the strict one. She slapped me one time because I was scratching my slate with a pin. Oh! how she scared me. I'd never do that again, I thought. The second year I was there, there were three deaths in the school home, Fanny White Thunder, Rosie Pretty Weasel and Arthur Standing Elk. Our school teachers had said we were to take a walk to Elia Jacobson's. They had a little store where we used to buy candy and peanuts. While we were there the boys got inside the corral where there were some rams with big heavy horns and rode them. When our teacher saw what they were doing, Arthur had already skinned his knee with one of the ram's horns. After a day or two, he was limping around before they found out. He was put to bed in the school hospital. Although he was treated for blood poison and taken care of, he died one night so his folks came and took him away. I do not well remember if he was taken home or buried on the hills on the north side of Oahe at the cemetery. Now let's go into the kitchen where we used to help out with the cooking. We learned to make bread and cake, which we had to make in big batches to last one week. One time, Raymond Brown Thunder was to help with making hominy. He just boiled it too long with ashes. After it was time to cook it with the meat, there was too much lye in the corn and we had to throw it away. He was a good cook, he said. Now, in the sewing room where we sewed and mended clothes for the other children, we had plenty to do always. Mending old worn moccasins was a big hard job for us. We had sinew to sew them and awls made from table forks, good and sharp. In the laundry room on Monday is the big wash. In those days, everything was done in the hard way. We had to rub on washboards, boil white clothes, rinse, wring them out, sometimes by hand, and sometimes by a hand wringer. Then hang our wash outside when it is warm or when it was too cold, in the attic. We had plenty of government soap. Wednesday was always ironing day. Some of the girls didn't like to iron, but it must be done. One or two were to iron sheets and pillow cases. Some to iron the clothes. We had to heat our wrought irons on the kitchen stove. Saturday was one cleaning day for scrubbing floors, dusting everything, and polishing the wood stove. Then we have our dinner in the afternoon. We were allowed to visit either to Mr. and Mrs. Spotted Bear's or to Sorenson's. When we go to Mrs. Spotted Bear's, when it is nearly time to come back, she would give us some lovely red flour corn. We would parch them in the oven and bring them to eat in bed. (That we shouldn't have done, but we did it.) Sunday was a time of church going. We would all go upstairs after the breakfast dishes were done, make up our beds, then wash up, put on our best, ready for church. We would walk over with the teachers. Then came the Riggs. Mr. and Mrs. T. L. Riggs, Robert, Lawrence and Muriel. Mrs. Riggs at the organ and Mr. Riggs at the pulpit. It was those sermons that led us to Christian lives. Mr. and Mrs. T. L. Riggs spoke our language as good as any other Dakota Sioux. A few of the boys I know are now working for their churches: Her Willie Horn, an Episcopalian; Johnson Little Wounded, a Congregational pastor; Raymond Brown Thunder, also a Congregational; and Job White, at Fort Thompson, South Dakota. Although they are now old, they are ready to hold services when needed. About 11:00, back to the school for dinner. After dishes are washed, back in place, then what shall we do? We got lonesome at times. One thoughtful teacher would take us children for a walk to the Missouri. There was a time when a quarter of beef was brought over. That was in September. We were to cut up the meat and dry it for papa. Mary Sitting Eagle, afterwards she was Mrs. Bridwell, and I made some wasna, mixed with choke cherries. On Thanksgiving Day, we had roast turkey, pumpkin pies, mince pies, mashed potatoes, gravy and cranberries. That time we used to be so happy to have all that, as anybody would. All homemade. We often visit the Sorenson's, just about a mile south. Once Margreta said we would go horseback riding on a gentle mare. When she brought out the horse, we didn't have any rope or bridle or nothing, so she took off her apron. Apron strings was to go around the horse's neck, then we fastened it together with a safety pin. Foolish as we were, we got on, me in the front, she in the rear. As soon as we got on, away she went! When I pulled at the string, snap went the safety pin and she was trotting away. At that time, Margreta jumped off, me sitting there so scared I just didn't know what to do. Margreta came running along side calling, "Whoa! Whoa!" At that moment, she stopped; I went head first right beside the horse. As I wasn't .hurt, we laughed and laughed 'til our sides hurt. Mrs. Riggs was our music teacher, too. She taught us to sing and gave me lessons on the piano and organ. When I had learned, I would play for the church's Sunday services. I have played for the churches since 1903. The Chapel or the church was our schoolroom where we learned to read and write. Arithmetic was one we all didn't like very well, but it must be learned. I kept going back to school there until I kind of got tired of going to school. They did not have enough books. I think I had to read them over and over. Mr. Riggs' brother at Santee, Alfred Riggs, had a school there called the Santee School. He came to see this school and visit his brother. He said I was old enough to go to the Santee School, and graduate from 8th grade, but my father said, "No, you can't. It's too far away and we don't have enough money." And so I didn't go and now regret those lessons. After I was over here and got married, I used the few things that I learned in school. I maked good use of them and I read a lot. [photo – Oahe Mission, about 1889 (SDSHS)] [photo – Dakota Fathers of pupils in Oahe Indian School. Top row: ?, Taopi Cikala, Oscar Red Half, James Owl King, Brown Thunder and Eli Spotted Bear. Bottom row: ?, ?, Thomas Blue Eyes, Pretty Boy and Kiyukanpi. (SDSHS)] RAPID CITY INDIAN SCHOOL told by Charles Dog With Horns in 1971 to A.I.R.P. That time when I went to school there, they had a shoe shop where you learn to make shoes, harness shop, bakery, carpenter down below there where you learn to cut rafters and make tables and shelves. They gave us details every month -- transfer us around. We go to school a half day and half day we have to work. The girls got what they called domestic science where they cook, sew, learn to launder. There was a big dairy barn there, chickens and pigs for the school. Cut ice, put it in the ice house dug up in there. They had an orchard and in the fall they make us take apples. They farm vegetables and we have to work there. Store it in a big cellar. They got a big garden and a lot of alfalfa. We hauled alfalfa to the barn and milked the cows, so I learned a lot of things from Rapid City Indian School. RAPID CITY INDIAN SCHOOL told by Sarah Buffalo in 1971 "I was taken to school at Rapid City when I was eight years old. It was a military school and we had to drill and practice our marching. We march even to the dining room. There were four companies of girls: A, B, C, and D. The officers walked beside the lines. We had domestic science and domestic arts and we learned how to sew and cook. And there was a laundry there that we go to work and we laundry the clothes and iron the clothes for the kids, the whole school. That's what I did when I went to school. If we went to school in the morning we work the afternoon and then if we go to school in the afternoon we work the morning half. And of course we don't come home for vacations like they do now. Once we went in September why, we stayed until June 25th or maybe 28th. Go to school late in June." (from South Dakota Oral History Center, Vermillion, S.D.; A.I.R.P.) BRIDGER DAY SCHOOL DISTRICT From The Call of the Prairie comes this item on Bridger by James Hi Hawk. "The public school was started in 1922. Mr. James Hi Hawk was one of the community members responsible for getting the school started. James Hi Hawk was four years at the time of the 'Wounded Knee Massacre'. His half brother, John Makes It Long was a scout for the United States Army. Mr. Hi Hawk was with Chief Bigfoot's band during the battle." These two men still resided at Bridger in 1960 when Call of the Prairie was published. The remnants of Bigfoot's band settled in Bridger. One source states that Bridger School started in 1922. Records show that it was a public school from 1924 through 1932. A new school was built in 1933. The old Iron Lightning school building was moved to Bridger in 1965. One employee, Virginia Conroy High Hawk, cooked at Bridger Day School for 35 years, retiring in 1971. The school which is located in the southwest corner of Ziebach County has been in continuous operation for 60 years. CARSON DAY SCHOOL by Mrs. Carl Anderson I came to Dupree in March of 1911 to help my folks get located. Miss Grace Shurr, County Superintendent, persuaded me to take the District School, which was located in the yard with the Indian School and teach the Carson children, two in the grades and two in high school. I boarded with the Carson family. On the Sunday previous to the opening of school, my father took me to the school, with two horses hitched to a single buggy. The load was not light, for I had suitcases, books, etc. It had rained the night before and the gumbo being polite and sociable, stayed right with the buggy wheels until they met with the bed of the buggy. My father would have to get out and dig the gumbo out often, as the horses would get tired dragging the buggy along. We finally came in sight of the Indian Camp, with the government building as a background. As we neared the camp, we saw a very small tent with some smoke coming from the bottom. When we arrived at the Carson home I mentioned it, and Mr. Carson related that a young man who had typhoid fever had been placed in the tent. The medicine man had hot rocks covered with blankets and had wrapped the young man in the blankets and placed him on the hot bed to sweat out the fever. The man was dead in the morning. Some of the men took some lumber to the government shed and made a casket. That night, his many friends held a "wake" for him. The following day he was buried. Many of his belongings such as a saddle, saddle blankets, spurs and such were buried in the grave with him, or given to some of his friends. There was a big feast that night. My school consisted of the four Carson children. I had a nice little schoolhouse, well equipped with maps, blackboards, stove, books, desks, chairs, a globe and an organ. The high school children, Franklin and Catherine, were under the supervision of the Dupree High School Superintendent. Mr. Carson taught the Indian Day School, which was in the same yard. Mrs. Carson, besides cooking for her family and me, prepared the noon meal for the government school. Shortly after school had started, Mrs. Carson took ill and had to have surgery. She did not recover from the operation and passed away. The new housekeeper was Mrs. Bruh, a daughter of Fred Beguhl. She was replaced later by Mrs. Henderson, who continued as housekeeper and cook for the two schools. One interesting experience happened when we were having a great deal of rain, and our water supply had to be brought from the dams in the neighborhood. Mr. Carson got a crew of Indian men and they worked all night putting sand bags along two of the fills, which were holding the great amount of water. They saved the dams. I can't resist mentioning G. M. McGarraugh, one of Dupree's bankers, who had a homestead near Cherry Creek. He would come down there once in a while in his White City Special, I believe they called it. He would come down the hill at the Day School but if there had been any moisture, the going back was not so good. Some of the Indians would hitch their horses to the Beauty and pull it to the top of the hill. One of the interesting happenings of those days was Ration Day, which came once a month. All the Indians, the Indian Farmer, the teacher and the doctor would gather at the Station. Some of the old and disabled Indians would receive Government Checks and others would receive food, such as dried beans, peas, rice, oatmeal, flour and different kinds of dried fruits. Fresh meat was available a part of the time. The Indians would spend most of their checks before leaving for home. I remember one instance when a kindly old fellow had a couple of dollars left after he had bought his necessary supplies. He gave the balance of his money to the storekeeper -for a bright plaid umbrella, which he held over himself as he rode away from the village, sitting flat in the bottom of the wagon. A band of Cherokee Indians came traveling through the country. There were about 200 of them. Mr. Carson felt a little alarmed as they camped close to our Indian Camp. He was afraid that they might start to fight, as they played their drums and danced all through the night. The next morning they moved on. The rest of us and Cherry Creek camp were relieved when they left." [photo – Carson Day School and Carson Home (SDSHS)] CHERRY CREEK DAY SCHOOL [photo – Cherry Creek District School] In 1886 the government established a school at Plum Creek (across the river from Cherry Creek) and Virginia Traversie was the teacher. She taught for several years with a Santee Indian woman named Mrs. Williams whose husband was a boss farmer at Cherry Creek. Later, Mary Traversie (Dupris, Talks) also taught school there. When Mrs. Williams resigned Mary had the entire school of 36 pupils, mostly beginners. In 1890 the school was moved across the river to Cherry Creek. Mary had married Edward Dupris and continued to teach the school for another year. Finally, because of the intense fervor of the Ghost Dance the school was closed. In 1891, Day School #8 or Carson Day School was established by the government. It was located about 7 miles up the creek from Cherry Creek. Frank Carson was the teacher. Mrs. Carson cooked meals for the children. Hazel Martin came to Dupree in 1911 and taught the district school also located at Carson's. She taught two grade school children and two Carson children who were high school age. So there were two schools there, a district school and a government school. Raymond Brown Thunder, John Hump, Charlie Inamongst, Oscar White Weasel are among those who attended this school. When Carson left, this school closed and Cherry Creek children who attended school had to go to the Cheyenne Agency Boarding School about 85 miles away on the Missouri River. In 1908, P. L. 158 provided for the Secretary of the Interior to be authorized to set aside tribal lands for schools. In 1911 a public school was requested by parents in Cherry Creek. Silas Yellow Owl, Irish Tommy Condon, Charlie Blue Arm and Sam Eagle Chasing went to the Ziebach County Superintendent of Schools with a request. The government apparently met the request and moved a building from the Carson Day School site down to Cherry Creek Station. Miss Jennie Cooper was the teacher. Other teachers were Mr. McClury, Buddy Bartty and Mr. McDonald. [photo – Indian School, Cherry Creek, South Dakota, 1911] [photo – Cherry Creek Day School, one of the larger Day Schools on the Reservation] [photo – Cherry Creek Day School. This building was built in 1952 and included kitchen and dining facilities in the basement] [photo – Cherry Creek Day School. A kindergarten was built in 1971, but not pictured. Two additional buildings were added for classrooms in 1974 and 1975] In 1924 Mr. Raymond Edwards came across the river and taught in a government house. For a time school was held in a log building. Public school teachers during this time according to Ziebach County School records include Jennie Cooper 1922-23, Raymond Edwards 1924, Mrs. J. Ferguson 1925, Lurinda Perkins 1926, Mary Belle Stanford 1927, Jennie Cooper 1928, Mr. McCleary 1929. In 1930-32 a Yankton-Dakota lady taught. In 1934 Jennie Cooper was again teaching in Cherry Creek. Harold Shunk came to Cherry Creek to teach December 8, 1934, and remained there for 8 years, leaving December 8, 1942. There was a new frame building with kitchen facilities and a teacher's cottage. Mr. Shunk was the only teacher for three years with grades 1 through 6, and had as high as 54 students. Mr. and Mrs. Shunk started a 4-H program and by 1938 a barn had been completed. Mrs. Shunk taught sewing and cooking to the girls. By 1939 there were 7 buildings on the school grounds. A dam and artesian well had been constructed. During the last 5 years Mr. Shunk was there, he and the students and parents built a log building. He then taught grades 5 through 8 in the log building in such crafts as furniture and harness repair. They managed a cattle program started with older students each taking care of a heifer calf until breeding age when the students could claim ownership. They also had a poultry program. Mr. Scott Whipple came to teach and began an irrigated garden which was to supply the school with vegetables. These vocational-type programs were successful while Mr. Shunk was there. After 8 years of teaching at Cherry Creek, Mr. Shunk left, later to become an Agriculture teacher at Cheyenne Agency where he had some of his same students. He has always kept in touch with these people and in 1976 his former students invited him to Cherry Creek for a banquet given in his honor. Other teachers who came later were: Mr. Scott Whipple, Mr. White 1942, Miss Nina Samuelson 1942, Mr. Robert Putnam 1942, Norman and Irene McGinnis, Mr. Hacket, Mrs. Martin, Mr. Leonard Claymore 1949, Doyce Waldrip 1950, Mr. Robert Drew 1953, Mrs. Newly, Mr. David Reddin, Miss Koenopher, Mr. Zanell, Mr. and Mrs. William Monahan 1958, Charles and Marie Emery 1959-60. 1965-66 Glenn Conrad, Orvel Woodward, Adele Little Dog. 1966-67 Adele Little Dog, Orvel Woodward, 1967-68 Rex Ann Lawson, Lance Picorre, Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Crogan. 1968-69 Doug Howard, Lois Lapp, Faye Longbrake. 1969-72 Bill and Fran Cole, Lois Lapp. 1972-73 Bill and Fran Cole, Faye Longbrake, Dianna Huston, Vavene Anderson, Robert Campbell, Stan and Karen Patterson. 1973-75 Robert Campbell, Faye Longbrake, Mr. and Mrs. Apple, Edith Knight, Mr. and Mrs. Long, Loretta Smith, Vavene Anderson, Carrolls. 1975-76 Faye Longbrake, Al Crogan, Principal; Sal Crogan, Edith Knight, Philip O'Conner, Loretta Smith, Dean Hughes, Beverly McKay, Bruce McLain. 1976-77 Al Crogan, Faye Longbrake, Principal. 1977-82 Faye Longbrake, Principal. Teachers: Sal Crogan, Edith Knight, Loretta Smith, Evelyn Ritz, Lavonne Dupris, Vivian Winter Chaser, Sondra Fire Thunder. In 1952, a new school was built which included kitchen and dining room facilities in the basement. Two teachers were usually required and often a husband-wife combination were hired. The principal also served as teacher, and a janitor was hired. Before this the principal usually did the school maintenance. Many times his wife would serve as the school cook. Mazie In the Woods was hired as cook at Cherry Creek Day School from about 1942 until she retired in 1971. In 1971 a kindergarten was built and three teachers were hired in addition to a principal. By 1973, the school had expanded to 95 pupils and 9 grades and additional buildings were necessary. Also, government programs were added and the teaching staff was raised to 9. Grades K through 9 operated until 1975 when dissension within the community caused the enrollment to decrease. The School has operated for grades through 8 or 6 since that time with about 5 teachers. Esther Buck Elk Thunder and Marilyn Runsafter have been cooks at the school for the past 10 years beginning in 1972. Faye Longbrake has been a teacher and principal there for 10 years. Loretta Smith taught there for 4 years, Edith Knight for 8 years and Mabel Inghram for 4 years. Percy Dupris was the janitor there for 17 years. The school presently has its kindergarten, 4 classrooms, a hot lunch program and a large, modern library. Adult education classes are conducted in the evenings. IRON LIGHTNING SCHOOL DISTRICT #1 [photo – Iron Lightning Day School: Cyril Red Bird, Gilbert Marrowbone, Delaine Mandan, Blaine Clown, Nita Marrowbone, Martha Red Bird, Nancy Iron Bird, Dale Iron Lightning, Leroy Curley, and Edwina Clown with teacher Miss Leona Johnson] The Butler School, established in 1926, with W. J. Hatch as teacher, was attended by Theodore and Elmer Butler, Allen Eberhard, Willie Red Horse, George Knife, James Talks, Victoria Short Bull, Sophia Puts On His Shoes, Lawrence Curley, and Robert and Marie Hatch. School was held in a small building near the Ted Butler ranch on the Moreau River. In 1928, Ted Butler, Mrs. Edward Clown, and Eugene Mandan, were delegated to attend a school meeting to promote the establishment of a Day School for the Indian children. In 1929 a government Day School was begun on land obtained from Paul Fools Dog and named "Iron Lightning Day School". A school building was then erected in 1935. Since 1935 Day School teachers have included: Clifford Elfrink, Charles Friend, Leona Johnson, Bill Strietz, Ervin Dockter, Thomas Hickey, Norman McGinnis, Myron G. Armstrong, Anna Wiegand, Robert Small, Charles Schad and Marlow Halbers. The school closed in 1966 and the building was moved to Bridger. Students are-now bused to Dupree School from Iron Lightning. RED SCAFFOLD SCHOOL [photo – Red Scaffold School Bus] [photo – Red Scaffold School: Back Row: Laverna Brown Wolf, Wilma Chasing Hawk, Drury Cook, Ted Knife, Sylvia Iron Hawk, ?, Josephine, Delia, and Tisavera Chasing Hawk and Darlene Knife. Front row: Bernard Holmes, Norma Black Moon, Blossom Cook, Florence Little Crow, Romey Holmes, Cecil Chasing Hawk and John Halfred] In 1934, land was purchased by the BIA from the heirs of Charging Bear, for a school in Red Scaffold. An artesian well was drilled and a two-classroom school with a kitchen, dining room, gymnasium and stage was completed. Classes began on October 14, 1935. A four-stall garage, toilets, a large community root cellar (1939) and two teacher cottages (1940) were also built. The school's barn was built northeast of and across the road from the school (where the Rehab houses now stand) and was used for two 'milche' cows. In 1942-43 the boys rebuilt an old shed foundation for a hog house. Jack Barton made the foundation into a store in 1949. In the early 40's, the school curriculum was built largely around homemaking and agricultural enterprises, particularly livestock, small grain crops and subsistence gardens. The community irrigated garden which was about 8 miles from the school, south of Rattlesnake Dam, had about 20 good sized plots and furnished the school with vegetables. Rattlesnake Dam was built in the 1930's, a project of Roosevelt's C.C.C. In addition to projects, both classrooms received regular instruction in Arithmetic, Reading, Spelling, English, Art, Social Studies and Music. During the 1940's an adult education program was carried on. Most of the programs were held in the community hall, which was built in 1938 by the C.C.C. In the Junior Seamsters Club, women did sewing and knitting. Each fall when the fair was held, their work was displayed. In August of each year, mattresses containing fifty pounds of cotton and ten yards of ticking were made. The Day School teacher issued clothing and rations to families on relief on the first and third Mondays of each month, and created work jobs. Forty-three children were enrolled in 1940-41, forty of whom were full bloods, and they ranged in age from six to seventeen years in grades 1 through 8. Girls had sewing classes three times each week and assisted in the kitchen. Two 4-H clubs were organized, a potato club and a corn club. All of the pupils helped plant potatoes in the school garden. On Arbor Day, trees were planted on the school grounds in 1943. Bus drivers stayed in two bunk houses and two buses ran the routes east and west. Drivers included Bill Little Star, Frank Lillibridge, Tom Standing Elk and Bill Iron Moccasin. Amos Cook was janitor and bus driver for many years. Miss Leona Johnson was one of the early teachers at Red Scaffold School. [photo – Miss Leona Johnson, a much loved teacher in both the rural schools and Day Schools. Miss Johnson was at Red Scaffold for many years] Title I began in 1969/1970. Two trailers with classrooms and apartments were moved in. In early 1979, under Public Law 93-638, the School Board and community voted to contract with the BIA for the operation of their school. School Board members at that time were: Ted Knife, Chairman; Ed Widow, Burtis White Wolf, Elsie Uses Many and Sullivan White Wolf. Red Scaffold School became the first contract school on the Cheyenne River Reservation and Paul Little was the first Director. Ramona Red Horse had been the school cook for many years. Gilbert Little Thunder has worked as bus driver and at maintenance. After contracting, Mathew Iron Hawk was hired as Plant Manager. THUNDER BUTTE DAY SCHOOL The school building at Thunder Butte Station was started in 1904. It was ready for classes in 1905 and was taught by J. M. Corbin for 2 years. From 1907 through 1910, Mr. and Mrs. Zachman were teachers. The Ute Indians who were encamped at Thunder Butte enrolled their children during the time the Zachman's taught. [photo – Thunder Butte Day School, 1952] [photo – Thunder Butte Day School, 1930's] [photo – Teacher's Cottage] From 1910 through 1914 Mr. and Mrs. Bunga, who were Chippewa Indians, were the teachers. From 1914 through 1916 Mr. and Mrs. Hofa were teachers and also started a store at Thunder Butte. At one time there was also a post office which closed in 1910. Elsie Slides Off, whose father, Amos Clown, attended Thunder Butte School when it first opened, submitted the history of these early years. More information about the school is related in the story about Thunder Butte community. HEADSTART In the summer of 1965 a pilot program was set up through the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Federal funding for a Head Start Program. The program ran 5 weeks for 5 year olds entering school in fall. This program was to help disadvantaged children prepare for elementary school with a well rounded background. In the fall of 1965 the program was O.E.O. funded with money channeled through the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe. There were 10 centers. Those continuing in operation in Ziebach County are: Dupree, Cherry Creek and Red Scaffold. [photo – Dupree Head Start building] THE HISTORY OF THE DUPREE SCHOOL [photo – Dupree Public School] Excitement must have filled the air in the early days as new friendships were made and with great fortitude and determination, a frontier town was established. The spirit of many was welded together by hardship and the monumental task of construction, a framework through which school, churches, and finally a county seat town came into being. From the newspaper, Dupree Leader, we note that on September 27, 1910, the businessmen of the new-born town voted unanimously to build a school. The cost had already been met by popular subscription. A committee of three, Eb Jones, W. H. Perkins, and J. P. Crews, were to make arrangements for building a school. Shortly thereafter, a building 20' x 24' was erected on the site of the present Ziebach County courthouse lawn. This building later became part of the United Church of Christ parsonage. It was also used, at that time, by the parishioners of the Congregational and Episcopal Churches until they were able to build. Parents of the 33 students paid the teacher's salary; the students brought their own books so no two were alike -- it was quite a task for that first teacher, Miss Alice Henderson! In 1911, Miss Mildred McFarland was the teacher. The first teacher's examination was held in July, 1911 with fifteen teachers present; two were from Dewey County, one from Perkins County, and twelve from Ziebach County. The high school in the Independent District was started in 1912 with W. L. Nies as Principal. At the first teacher's institute, held in June, 1912 for the training of elementary teachers, forty were registered. Miss Grace Shurr, who homesteaded 31/2 miles south of Dupree, became the first County Superintendent of Schools. The late G. M. Drummond finished her term when she resigned. Mrs. P. W. Raben was engaged as an additional teacher in 1913. By 1914 there were 24 rural teachers and 3 in the Dupree School. A bond was floated in 1913 for a new and larger school building. A letter from Charles M. Fuller describes: "I attended school from 1916-1920 and the school was a nearly new, square building, two stories, and a basement with two grade school rooms downstairs and all high school students in one half of the upstairs, with a basketball room and lab tables in the other half upstairs, with a wire screen partition. There was a full basement with a dirt floor, where a carload of lignite coal was stored for the winter. The school was heated with a large coal heater in each room. The front door faced west, with large hallways and stairs, plus cloakrooms and a small library off each hall on both floors. There was a pair of outdoor toilets behind the school." Fuller also recalls Mrs. Myrtle Huff as school principal and high school teacher. Mrs. Martin Broberg, Miss Wilson, and Gertrude Thomas, also taught in high school. Elementary teachers were Birdie Geesey (later Mrs. Pete Askin), Mrs. Troon, and Miss Hopkins. This building, with some additions, served the community until 1939 when construction was started on the main part of the present building. The building cost $75,000.00 and was built in the era of WPA labor, a self-help program of the Federal Government when F. D. Roosevelt was President. Dupree Independent School District bonded for $15,000.00, their share of the cost of the new building. Federal funds supplied $58,106.00. The building was two stories and measured 106' x 107'. [photo – While the new school was being built, this class graduated from the Legion Hall in Dupree – 1941] [photo – 1913 – whole school. Miss Foreman, teacher. Top row (l to r): Vera Keller, Maddalene Heitkamper, Beth Stephenson and Joe Shot At. Next row down: Helen Brown, Theresa Hickock, Ruby Keller, and ? Third row down: ?, Luella Geesey, Bud Keller, and Lucille Walters. Seated: Jack Kennedy, Larry McFarland, and Herman Heitkamper] During the time of construction, the Legion Hall and Odd Fellows Hall were rented for classrooms. The court house also afforded some room for classes. The new school was dedicated on October 3, 1941 and the first graduating class was in 1942. The old, large assembly room that so many graduates will remember, was divided for the school year 1955-56 so there were more classrooms as well as a library. Again in 1957 an addition was added to the main building. The new addition consisted of a dual purpose music-lunchroom, and shop so that with the new science room equipment, the program was greatly enriched in the study of Science and Industrial Arts. The hot lunch program was started that year and lockers were added for coats and equipment. The Federal Government began closing outlying schools under their control causing an influx of students. It was at this time that two busses were procured for transportation of students from Thunder Butte and Iron Lightning. In 1968 a separate building was placed on the grounds north of the school for first and second grade classes. Then again in 1970 the need for more space necessitated another addition. This consisted of a library, infirmary, storage, two offices and bathrooms, and is known as the "Kraft Addition''. It was named in honor of Roy Kraft, a public servant on the Board of Education for fifteen years. One of his last acts was to attend a meeting with the architects to finalize plans for this expansion. This addition is 87 L/z feet long and 30 feet wide and was connected to the southeast portion of the main building. The cost was $64,360.00 and was financed under Public Law #815 which supplied aid to Federal impacted areas. The very newest portion built on the school house is attached to the northwest and has been completed by Denton Construction, giving more classroom space. The approximate cost of this was $86,800.00. One may wonder why space is continually needed when the population of the County remains stable. The state legislature determined taxpayers needed to equalize the burden of school funding. There were many common districts and only one Independent District whose duty it became to furnish secondary education for all students. The State did not fund the Independent District enough to cover the cost of educating students from the common districts, hence the Independent District was heavily taxed. A County Board of Education was established by the State for the purpose of attaching every common district to an Independent District. This process took many years and the question was brought to a vote of the people of the County on three different occasions and defeated every time. The State decreed that a new school district existed on September 23, 1969 through a meeting in Pierre, South Dakota. The District was extremely large, encompassing the town of Faith and all of that old Independent District as well as nearly all of Ziebach County, and a portion of Meade and Perkins Counties. West River School District #18 was governed by a seven-member board who were elected from specified areas but voted upon by all citizens. The County Board was finally abolished, their task having been completed. Any further changes in boundaries were taken care of by the Board of County Commissioners. All of the rural schools have been closed; the children now attending school in Dupree. West River Independent School District 64-1 or WRISD 64-1 was reorganized once again and in July, 1980, following the circulation of petitions and a vote by the people, the school district was split away from Faith. We became known as Dupree School District 64-2 and Faith's is now known as Faith School District 46-2. Vocational Education at Dupree was broadened with the arrival of portable classrooms during the second semester of 1974. The fully equipped mobile units provide classes in Building Trades, Metals, Electronics, Quantity Food Preparation, and many others. The duty of maintenance of the schools through the years has been the responsibility of several people. It was first accomplished by high school boys, including Charles Fuller. Anson Callen was janitor for a few years, as late as 1921. J. W. Olmstead served for many years before retirement, then upkeep was in the custody of George Fuller, Alfred Light field, later John Gross. Leo Bakeberg became head custodian in November, 1951, a position he held until 1978. Leo cleaned up more mud, paper wads, and scribbling and offered more counsel than probably anyone else in the history of the school. Frustration, in this position, is an ever-ready head complete with two horns but Leo had always mastered the situation. One must feel deep admiration for the conduct shown by this tall, quiet gentleman. Great love and respect have been given him by many of his "children", attested to by the fact that the school annual was dedicated to him in 1959. He and his wife, Pat (nee Edwards), whom he married in 1950, have ten children, the first of whom graduated from high school in 1968, and twelve grandchildren. The work was never done for Leo when the school year ended. He was probably busier then than ever with a never-ending summer schedule of repair, clean, paint, innovate and invent. The premises, inside and outside, were always squeaky clean and shining by the time school reconvened. Bakeberg's now live in Spearfish, South Dakota, where Leo is still pursuing his career of custodian at the Black Hills State College and Pat works in Belle Fourche, South Dakota, in the ASCS office. [photo – Mabel Ross and her primary class, 1939-1940] [photo – Pat and Leo Bakeberg holding the gift he was presented at the farewell party given in his honor for over 25 years of faithful service as school custodian] [photo – Dupree Public School, before new gym and library additions] [photo – Leo Bianas and David Little Elk went to Washington, D. C. in 1977 to be part of the "All Indian Honor Band". They performed at half-time at the Washington Redskins and Dallas Cowboys football game. David was also selected by the South Dakota Indian Association as the Most Outstanding High School Indian student in 1977. The choice was based mainly on academic achievement] SCHOOL DAZE IN THE EARLY 20's by George Toll I can't recall a lot of specifics about school except that a Mrs. Huff was there for the first year. What a remarkable person! Estelle graduated from DHS in 1921 and I followed in 1922. Later, we would attend college in Brookings where we were joined by Charles Fuller and Ole Shelton. Anne and Lloyd went to Gayville, South Dakota, and Tom graduated from Poly High in Long Beach, California. There were four stoves in the school. One particular year, Paul Troon and I kept the first burning by carrying lignite coal up from the basement. The big practical joke of the day would be to put a bottle of ink on the stove, then sit back and wait for it to explode to ceiling level. We had no formal athletics department as such because most of the students had to head home to the farm immediately after school each day to help with the chores, planting, or the harvest. However, we did organize a basketball and baseball team. My, but Dupree did love their baseball team. Graduation in June, 1922 was quite an event for me. I got to wear my first pair of long pants! We had a program at the Berglin Theatre and a speaker was even brought in from some college. The entire class of '22 Doris Troon, Bill Clifton, and I -- were graduated! Despite the great many hardships, we managed to receive a good basic education. I've even managed to use my Latin and geometry training to my advantage. [map – Ziebach County School Districts] [map – Ziebach County Schools] ZIEBACH COUNTY RURAL SCHOOLS by Thelma Frame The rural school has passed from the scene in Ziebach County but its importance is recognized by all who lived in a rural community. It was the hub around which the rest of our lives revolved. The school house served as a community hall as well as a place to gain an education. Church and Sunday School, dances, pie socials, elections and meetings were held there. A neighborhood was held together by the bonds of school. A rural school was much like a large family and students reaped many of the same benefits. All of the grades were taught in one room so pupils were exposed to a wide variety of subjects before it was their turn to learn them. It was like family conversations at home where ideas of religion, politics and ideals are absorbed by a child long before they are able to reason these subjects for themselves. The classes were small so the teacher knew each pupil's strengths and weaknesses in every subject. There were always advanced older students who had time to work with the younger ones to improve their reading or math skills. Recess and noon provided the time to learn to get along in a social way with other students. The games that were played usually included everyone. In the early homestead days it was not uncommon for school to be held in a private home until a building was provided. Many times it was the mother who taught her own children and the neighbor children. Sometimes a teacher was hired and lived with a family during the school term. Usually a teacher bearded with a family in the neighborhood. It may have meant a lot of extra work and inconvenience for the host family, but it was a mark of honor to have the teacher in your home. During the depression years it was a custom not to hire married women if a single person were available. The assumption was that a married woman had a husband to support her. This position was hotly contested by women who had families in need of better food and warm clothing. In the 30's, teachers salaries were paid by warrants, which were usually sold at a discount to someone who had some extra cash. Finishing the 8th grade didn't necessarily mean that now you were going to high school. This was a privilege that was denied many students for financial reasons or because they were needed to help at home. For many students, the distance to a high school made it necessary for them to stay in town during the week. Some families were able to pay board and room but most were unable to afford such a luxury. Some worked for their room and board. It was usually easier for a girl to find a place to stay because when most of the housework was done by hand extra help was appreciated. Some families moved a small building to town or rented one room in a private home where the children could do light housekeeping during the week. Most of the students would go home on weekends. If there was no school near home, a mother and all the children had to move to town during the week. There was a dormitory at Dupree for a few years which made it possible for many more students to attend school. With improved roads and automobiles almost every student can stay at home while attending school. There are two bus routes, one to Iron Lightning and one to Thunder Butte. Other students drive or are brought from home each day. Quite often two or three sisters were teaching at the same time. The Bierman sisters numbered four. Holding the record however, were the Birkeland sisters. Five of the girls taught in Ziebach County; Alice (Vance) started teaching at Fairview in 1917; Esther (Hemen) began her career at Soliday in 1919; Elfina (Njos), Mildred (Collins), and Lillian also taught. Mildred was the last of the five to teach in the county. In 1968-69 she taught Fairview where Alice began her career 51 years earlier. Mildred's final year was 1969-70 at Soliday. The school census (not enrollment) in 1911 was 709. It rose quite steadily until 1931 to a high of 1443. By 1940 it was 998. Figures were not available for the years 1941 through 1967. For the past 15 years, the number has been between 800 and 900. Ziebach County Superintendents: 1911 Grace Shurr; 1912 G. M. Drummond; 1914 John R. Retz; 1916 Walter Menzel; 1920 Hortense M. Bagley; 1923 J. G. Brende; 1927 G. M. Drummond; 1931 Georgia M. Holden; 1935 Lewis R. Schetnan; 1942 Helen Brammer Pederson; 1944 Thelma Anderson Dykstra; 1946 Lillian Birkeland; 1951 Leora Burgee; 1951 Neoma Bierman Johnson; 1957 Trula Fields; 1960-70 Twila Zacher Schuler. ALBEE SCHOOL -- DISTRICT #15 [photo – Albee School, 1942. Annabelle Lopez, Effie Lopez, Sally Elsey, Jennie Vanderpol, Martha Seymour, Arlys Vanderpol, Shirley Seymour, Betty Vanderpol, (Bud) Evelyn Elsey, Ethel Seymour, ?, Maxine Neilson, Mary Schreier, teacher] In the summer of 1911 Fred Albee's land would become the home of Albee School, about fourteen miles southwest of Eagle Butte, South Dakota. It was later moved one mile to its present location which is eleven miles south along the east side of Highway 63. It is now being used as a granary. Elizabeth, Rose, George and Gertrude Weicher; Katherine and Anna Shoener; George, Alton and Dwight Souers; and James Davidson were the students in 1915-16. In 1931-32 students were from the families of Schatz, Packins, Vanderpol, Heil, Nelson, Shoener, and Bosch. Patty Hinzman was the last teacher in 1958. ARROWHEAD SCHOOL DISTRICT #14 Arrowhead School started in 1911 at the new little town by that name between Redelm and Faith. There were 29 students in 1913. By 1919 there were only seven students and the school closed until 1923. Martha Ward taught two years starting in 1923. Students were Eudora, Eugene, LaVerne, Joan and Audrey Lund; Thelma and Hulda Solem; Eunice McCollough; James Glover; and Earnest Rampfer. The school bell rang once more in 1933. Eudora Lund (Walters) taught these students: Lloyd, Neva and Treva Griffith; Pandora, Minnie and Clarence Johnson; and James Ford. This big well-built school was used for a polling place, dances and meetings. It was moved to Dupree where the lumber was used for a locker plant. The building is now owned by Adolph Silverman who uses it for an antique shop. BACHMAN SCHOOL DISTRICT #2 In 1923 the Bachman School was moved from a site near Oscar Sederstrom's place north of John Bachman's, to a location just south of Lloyd Dunbar's ranch. Lloyd and Frank Dunbar, John Bachman, and Albert Steen used two wagons and eight horses to move the 16' x 22' structure. Records show that school was held two years before it was moved. Its operation as the Bachman School continued until the building burned in January, 1940. Mud Butte School was moved and called Bachman School for the next four years. Many dances and neighborhood gatherings were held in the Bachman School as they were in most of the rural schools at that time. BEEHIVE SCHOOL -- DISTRICT #1 On the official records the school was called Beehive, but locally it is known as "Beebe". Elmer Beebe was the first teacher in 1917-18. Students that year were Herseys, Tapleys and Jones. The Slides Off and Frank Corn families attended this school too, at a later date. These families lived in tents on their own land about a mile from the school while school was in session. Students in 1931 were Treva, Alvin, Harold and Roy Veit, Gean Crowley and Helen Roseneau. It was located about 8 miles south of Glad Valley and ran from 1917 through 1936. Dutch Parrot bought the building and later sold it to Pickers. BJORGUM SCHOOL DISTRICT #2 Bjorgum School was located south of Rattlesnake Butte and east of Mud Butte in western Ziebach County. The school ran from 1920 through 1929. The children from the Bjorgum, Chicoine, Christersen, Johnson, and Riley families attended this school. BLOOM SCHOOL -- DISTRICT #1 by Leora Burgee [photo – Bloom School, 1923. Back row: 1. Irene Boeding, 2. Maxine Anderson, 3. Isabel Anderson, 4. Agnes Weis, 5. Viola Bierman, 6. Clinton Anderson, 7. Betty Anderson. Front row: Loretta Weis, Fred Zulauf, Carl Weis, Pauline Zulauf] [photo – Bloom School, 1943. Neoma Bierman, teacher. Ronald Bierman, Einar, Blaine and Joan Drageset, Edwin and Gertrude Volden. [photo – Bloom School picnic – 1938] In the summer of 1918 a community in northern Ziebach County, School District No. 1, saw the need for a school for their children and Bloom School was built on NW 1/4,NE 1/4 28-17-20. It was placed high on a ridge on a couple acres of land on the homestead of Joe Bloom, a bachelor who lived only a short distance from the school. Mr. John Comstock, one of the neighboring homesteaders, became the first teacher. The first two years that the school was in operation the students were: June and Arnold Bell; Lyle and Shirley Reeve; Katie and Fred Zulauf; and Harold Blom. The school was like all other schools at that time in that besides being a school, it was to become a community center for dances, card parties, pie socials, and church. An organ was purchased by the patrons with proceeds from a social event for the amount of $25. A little red barn was also built on the grounds as there were always students, and in some cases teachers, who rode horses to school. The school remained in operation at the original location for twenty-two years and many times was bursting at the seams with the number of students enrolled. Other families who attended at the location were: August Schaffers; Ed and Henry Boeding; Gus Anderson; Fred Bierman; Fred Brinkman; George Lyon; Sylvester Price; Leo Abelt; Joe Weis; and the Hall girls. The teachers generally had to make the school their home and some of them had sisters, brothers, or their own children who stayed with them. Mr. Comstock taught the school for two years. The next few years the school had Mabel Bennett, Nellie Dempsey, Helen Hoyt, and Marie Williams as teachers. When compulsory education came into being, some tall husky boys were enrolled who had not yet reached the age of eighteen. Mr. Earl Conrath and Mr. Clyde Mitchell served in the capacity not only as teachers but as officers of law and order. The next eleven years the teachers were: Lela Felton, Godfred Brende, Reine Miller, Irene Grondahl, Connie Abelt, Clifford Elfrink, Marianna Riley, Lillian Grondahl, and Viola Bierman. By this time the enrollment had dwindled to four students, two of which were in the eighth grade. In order to hold school one more year, the ninth grade was added with Ethel Hoffman teaching. The fall of 1939 Bloom School had closed its doors with only two students in a radius of several miles. The school remained closed only two years and was then moved two and one-half miles north where once again it served its purpose for twenty years more. Teachers during that time were: Ida Rosenau, Neoma, Leora, and Paula Bierman; Dan Paulson; Barbara Johnson; Harriet Weld; Delores Ladwig; Dorothy Burke; Alice Jung; Helen Anderson; Joan Witte; Mary Beer; Jackie Bennett; Eileen Reichert; Willis Howard; and Olaus Njos. Once again, in 1962, skids were put under it as its need shifted to the west -- Glad Valley having closed its doors. For ten years more, Bloom School was in operation and was one of the last of the early day schools in Ziebach County to close its doors. During the last few years it was in session, teachers included: Fred Beer, Jr.; Willis Howard; Daisie Benson; Kenneth Brown; Rebecca Stapert; and Velma Foster. With improved roads and highways, older family members began driving to high school in Isabel and younger family members could join them. The rural school was no longer needed. It was sold to a church group and moved to Eagle Butte after the final term in the spring of 1971. In the fifty-three years of operation, it had remained within a radius of three miles. In several instances, two generations attended the school and in some cases former students returned to teach. Also, several former teachers returned to teach again. The high ridge on which the school was built proved to be an advantage in several ways. The kerosene light of the teacher served as a beacon at night to many a traveler. The long hill directly east of the school provided a great sledding hill in the winter time. And water flowing down the hill in early spring brought out the buttercups and many a noon hour was spent studying nature on the hillside. Then there was the county superintendent who used the hill to the advantage of arriving unexpectedly on the teacher and students by leaving his car just below the crest of the hill and walking up to the school. Like all other rural schools, Bloom School had many tales to tell. There was one teacher who unsuccessfully succeeded in burning the building when hot coals were placed on the steps outside and forgotten. It was only through an extra flow of adrenaline and quick wit that she and her students were able to rip off the ground planks and shovel snow under the building to save it. Then, too, there was the tragic incident when students and the teacher saw the neighboring bachelor fatally injured by a team of run-away horses. Not to be forgotten in the history of Bloom School, is Fred Bierman who served for more than thirty years on the school board of District No. 1 at a time when such positions were of free gratis. In studying reports and records of the years the school operated, it was noted that the teachers salary in 1920-21 was $115 per month. Then there was a general downward trend with the lowest salary paid a teacher in 1933-34. The salary that year was $50 a month. Then began an upward trend in salary. In 1944 the teacher again was paid $115 a month for the first time since 1920. The last year on record the teacher of 1970 received an annual salary of $4300. The highest salary paid at any time was in 1967 when a teacher with a bachelor degree received an annual salary of $5500. Following is a list of students who attended Bloom School: Abelt -- Connie and Loretta Alley -- Joan, Ronald, Karen, Kenneth, John, Bobby Joe, John Michael, Mary Kay Anderson -- Clinton, Isabel, Marine, Betty, Winfred Baker -- Azle Bell -- Arnold, Thomas, Georgia, June, Dorothy Bierman -- Viola, Robert, Neoma, Leora, Paula, Ronald, and Ronald's children -- Gene, Bart, Sue Blom -- Harold Boeding -- Julius, Arnold, Irene, Coletta, Josephine Brinkman -- Rosemarie, Betty Burke -- Lyle, Beverly Dahl -- Jim Dougan -- Tom, Gina, Mike Drageset -- Einar, Blaine, Joan, and Einar's children -- Ina, Denver, Dail Ann, Carla Duncan -- Rhonda Felton -- Iris Gebhart -- Michael, Keith, Linda, Leanne, Lenai, Virginia Hall -- Esther, Alyce Harris -- Barton, Jim, John Hulm -- Lyle, Diane Johnson -- Waldo, Roger Lyon -- Harvey, George, Lela, Marion Matter -- Earl Manthei -- Mary Lou Miles -- Jeanie Miller -- Elwood Ochsner -- Calvin Price -- Kenneth, Sybil Lisle Reeve -- Steve Wilbur Reeve -- Lyle, Shirley Rodriguez -- Joe, Olga Rosenau -- Herman Schaffer -- Andrew, Margaret Volden -- Edwin, Gertrude, Helen Weis -- Conrad, Carl, Agnes, Elizabeth, Loretta Zulauf -- Pauline, Fred, Katie, Benjamin, Edwin BUSY BEE SCHOOL DISTRICT #15 Busy Bee School was located about three miles east and one mile south of Eagle Butte. It ran from 1925 until 1943. Students in 1943 were Jean and Lloyd Burnham; Gabriel, Anton and Mary Zacher; Gall, Gordon, Milford and Margaret Vrooman. BUTTEVIEW SCHOOL DISTRICT #10 Butteview School, located about ten miles north of Thunder Butte in northern Ziebach County, started in 1911. Another butte, called Squaw Butte, is located near the school. School was held at this location until 1939. Ethel E. Goen was teacher in 1915. Students that year were from the Solberg, Robb, Hall, Martin and Whittlinger families. Harvey Frederichson used the building for a family dwelling for a while. The school was moved four miles south along Highway 20 and opened its doors again in 1956. It continued to run through 1971. The building was moved to Corson County where it is used for a garage at the Jim Lyons place. CAMPBELL SCHOOL DISTRICT #2 The Campbell School was located about sixteen miles southwest of Dupree. Dorma Lafferty, who later became the famous singer, Kay Starr, was a student at this school in the early 1930's. It was operational at this location from 1923 until 1935. In 1941 it was moved to the "Little Ireland'' settlement on Cherry Creek about eight miles west of Cherry Creek Station. School was held there until 1947. The school remains at the same site, just a short distance from where Jerry Till now lives, and is used as a granary. CARLIN SCHOOL DISTRICT #15 In 1950 the Johnson School house was moved down on the Cheyenne River near Lee Garretts and "Carlin" School began. In 1957 it was moved again to a site near Calvin Clavels. 1966 is the last year Carlin is referred to on the school records. CENTER SCHOOL -- DISTRICT #11 Center school was located northwest of Isabel about two miles north of the Roger Young place. The first teacher in 1911 was Elizabeth Felton. Students in 1915 and 1916 were from the families of Njos, Felton, Pfau, Drageset, Dimon and Ellwanger. The school was used for Sunday School and other community functions. It served the community for 47 years. The last term ended in 1958. The building was moved and became Pike School in 1963. CHASE SCHOOL -- DISTRICT #3 Chase School was known by at least four names. Jennie E. Chase, who had land across the road to the west of the Chase Post Office, taught "Chase School" in 1911- 1912. The next two years, Tena Bunger taught a "Thorson School". Thorsons had land just north of the Chase Post Office. In 1916-1917, Maud Cutter Parker taught a "Pollard School". The Pollards also had land near Chase and the same students were in attendance. The September 13, 1917 issue of the Dupree Leader states that Carl Olson of Lantry, South Dakota, was on his way to Chase to stake out a site for a schoolhouse which was to be built there in the near future. Carl Olson, who was Alice Shannon's father, was a member of the school board. A school, known locally as "Tiperary School", stood on Tiperary Butte about one and one-half miles northeast of the Chase Post Office. This well-known landmark is just south of where Erling Olson now lives. This was the same school that was called "Chase School" on the official records and ran through 1923. Bessie Denham, Lorna Robertson Vance Heimer, and Ruth Solomonson taught at this location. In 1928 this building was moved about five and one-half miles southeast and became "Sunnybrook School". CLOVERDALE SCHOOL DISTRICT #14 Cloverdale School was built by Lowell Cossairt about one mile east of Lunds southeast of Faith in the summer of 1925. Florence Higgins, Clara Heckel, Belle Isaacs and Mrs. Ted Gilbert were the teachers for the eight years the school ran. It closed in 1933. Students attending the school were from the Lund, Solem, Johnson, Clover, and Chicoine families. CLOVERLEAF SCHOOL DISTRICT #8 Cloverleaf School was named for a winning baseball team named "Cloverleaf Tigers". Three homesteaders, Gasper Texley, Carl Anderson and Gus Anderson, had claim shacks clustered on three adjoining quarters. A School district was formed and a school house built on Cloverleaf Corner in 1911. There were sixteen students in 1917-18 including the Curtiss, Ortmayer, Denham, Hurst, Denton (Alvin & Beulah) children and Harry Baker. The school ran every year but one until 1949. The original building has never been moved. Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Anderson own it and intend to preserve it for historical purposes. [photo – Cloverleaf School today] [photo – Early Cloverleaf School] [photo – Cloverleaf School grounds]