HARDEMAN COUNTY TN - BIOGRAPHIES - 1887 Biographies of Hardeman Co. TN A-L ********************************************************************************* Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm ********************************************************************************* G. N. Albright G. N. Albright, of the well known firm of Edwards & Albright, merchants and millers of Cedar Chapel, was born February 14, 1840, in North Carolina, where his parents also were born, raised and wedded. His father, James R., was a merchant in his early life, and afterward a farmer; was successful in both. For twenty years he was a magistrate. Previous to the war he was a Whig, and then a Democrat. He married Miss Sallie Albright, by whom he had five sons and one daughter. Both were earnest and respected members of the Methodist Church. They lived to a good old age, and were laid to rest in their native State when their lives were spent. Our subject, G. N., is of German-Irish descent; his ancestors came from Pennsylvania. He was raised on a farm, and received a liberal education. In 1861 he volunteered in Company F, of the Sixth North Carolina, Confederate troops. For about three years he served as second heutenant. He received a serious wound at the battle of Frederieksimrg, disabling him for seven months. At Rappahannock Station, Va., he was captured and held prisoner for eighteen months, being confined at various points — first at Johnson’s Island, then Point Lookout, Fort Delaware, Morris Island, Fort Pulaski — and back to Fort Delaware where he was released. For forty- two days he was fed on bread and water. This was the work of retaliation. In 1865 he came to West Tennessee, which has since been his home. The same year he married Barbara E. Thompson, who died in 1877. She was the mother of two sons and three daugliters and a devout member of the Presbyterian Church. In 1879 Mr. Albriglit wedded Miss Mollie Walden, by whom he has one son. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church and Mrs. Albriglit to the Methodist. For a number of years he was engaged in farming and operating a sawmill; in 1886 he embarked in the present busiliess. He has been quite successful in life, owns 200 acres in Fayette County. He is an industrious upright man, a worthy citizen and a stanch Democrat. Chamberlain H. Anderson Hon. Chamberlain H. Anderson, present chairman of the county court of Hardeinan County, was born in Chesterfield County, Va., June 3, 1820. He is the oldest of a family of twelve children born to Benjamin B. and Nancy H. (Dance) Anderson, both natives of the same State and county as that in which C. H. was born. They came to Hardeman County in 1835, settling ten miles south of Bolivar, where they spent the remainder of their lives. Both were members of the Missionary Baptist Church. The father was of English descent, born in 1792, a millwright who thoroughly understood the business; a Whig in politics. He took part in the war of 1812 and died in 1848. The mother was born in 1793, and departed this life in 1846. The subject of our sketch was educated in an old field school. He remained at home assisting his father in the mill and on the farm, until he was twenty-five years of age. In 1845 he was united in wedlock to Miss Elizabeth W. Perry, who was born in 1823. Their union was blessed with six children, four of whom are living, one son and three daughters. Mrs. C. H. Anderson died in 1884, a true Christian woman and esteemed member of the Methodist Church. Mr. Anderson is a member of the old Presbyterian Church. He is a life-long Democrat. He has been a magistrate for about forty-five years; served as register of Hardeman county ten years, and chairman of the county court about eight years. In 1879 he represented his district, consisting of Hardeman and Madison Counties, in the State Senate. For fifty-one years he has been a resident of the county. Washington L. Baird Washington L. Baird, M. D., is a prominent physician of Hickory Valley, a native of Fayette County, Teun., born April 16, 1839, the sixth of eight children born to Capt. Charles and Nancy T. (Robards) Baird, who were both of Scotch-Irish descent The father was a native of North Carolina, born July 16, 1797, and in early life came with his parents to Robertson County, Tenn. He was a Democrat in politics, for a number of years was captain of the State militia and a member of Primitive Baptist Church. His death occurred in Fayette County February 11, 1871. The mother was a native of Tennessee, born March 7. 1807; she was a member of the Primitive Baptist Church and died in Fayette County, September 17, 1867. Washington L. received a good education in youth and having selected the medical profession, attended lectures at the Memphis Medical College, In 1860 he began the practice of his profession with an elder brother in Dallas County, Ark., remaining there one year, when he returned to Tennessee and began practicing in Springfield. September 26, 1861, Dr. Baird married Miss Callie V. Cunningham, a native of Davidson County, born in 1842, and to them have been born six children, one son deceased. In the spring of 1862 he moved to Dallas County, Ark., where he practiced medicine until the fall of 1863 when he enlisted as a private of volunteers and remained with Maj. Gen. Holmes one year. The entire company to which he belonged was captured, but he escaped capture while on duty as quartermaster. He then came to Tennessee and joined Gen. Forrest and remained with him until the close of the war. He then returned to Fayette County, remaining a short time with his father; then returned to Arkansas, for two years; then returned to Tennessee and after practicing at different points, settled in Hickory Valley where he has since remained. Dr. Baird has two married sisters whose husbands are distinguished men: Lamiza A., whose husband is Judge Joseph C. Stark of Springfield, Robertson County, and Emma H., whose husband is Louis T. Cobb, now a member of the State Legislature and represents the Twelfth Senatorial District. Dr. Baird is a Democrat in politics and a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church which he has served as recording steward seven years. J. A. and A. J. Barrett J. A. and A. J. Barrett, the proprietors of a prominent dry goods store of Bolivar, are natives of Hardeman County. Their parents, John and Sauna (Birkhead) Barrett, were born in North Carohnia and came to West Tennessee when small with their parents, who were among the very early settlers. After marriage Mr. Barrett located in Hardeman County; was one of the best known and most enterprising agriculturists in the section. He belonged to no church. He was a Democrat. His career ended in 1885. Mrs. Barrett, who is still living, is a devout member of the Methodist Church; she has been the mother of nine children — five sons and four daughters. Three of the boys, Anderson, Thomas and Kindred, served in the Confede rate Army. The second, after passing safely through all the dangers and hardships of four years’ warfare, met a sad and shocking death. He was killed by the "Home Guards," who mistook him for a man for whom they were lying in waiting. J. A., the senior member of the firm, was born March 12, 1852. He received a good education in the common schools. When about eighteen years of age he began the mercantile business as salesman. Failing in health he went west, and spent about four years in roaming. In 1880 he returned to Bolivar greatly improved, and sold goods in the house which he now occupies. In 1885 the existing partnership, under the name of Barrett Bros., was formed. A. J., the junior member, was born March 12, 1857. His early education was acquired in the common schools; afterward he attended the Henderson High School and Conference School at Montezuma. After his return he spent four years as a clerk, two years as traveling salesman and six years in Arkansas. Since 1885 he has been engaged with his brother as above stated. The Barrett brothers are warm Democrats, and wide-awake, accommodating, able, businessmen. They are having a flourishing trade. Their ancestors were of Scotch-Irish extraction. Henry Biggs Dr. Henry Biggs, a resident and practicing physician of Grand Junction, was born August 9, 1822, in Gibson County, Tennessee. His parents were Luke and M. (Bennett) Biggs, both natives of North Carolina. The father was of English descent, born in 1795; the mother was of English-Irish origin, born in 1798. They immigrated to Stewart County, Tenn., in 1819, and a year later to Gibson County, where the father departed this life in 1858, and the mother in 1859. The subject of this sketch was raised and worked on his father’s farm until nineteen years of age, when he engaged in the same occupation for himself. A year later he became an overseer, and in 1845 began the study of medicine under tuition of Dr. A. Biggs, a resident of Arkansas. He entered the Botanical Medical College at Memphis, Tenn., in 1847, graduating in 1849. He immediately began the practice of his profession at La Grange, Tenn. In 1850 he went to California, where for seven months he was interested in mining. About that time cholera became epidemic in Sacramento City, whither the brave doctor went, practicing in a private hospital on Jay Street. After the disappearance of the disease he returned to La Grange, receiving an extensive patronage. In 1853 he entered the Eclectic Medical College at Philadelphia, Penn., receiving a diploma the next year. Again he went to La Grange, where he remained ten years, and met with great success. After a year’s practice in Memphis he engaged in the drug business in La Grange, where he was also interested in molding and farming, together with his profession. In 1868 he closed out his business, and in 1869 went to New York and matriculated in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College one term. During this time he visited all the seats of medical progress in that city. He returned to Memphis, practicing for one year. His office was on Main Street. In 1871 he went to La Grange; one year later to Saulsbury, where he remained until 1875, when he located at present place of residence, where he has had a large and profitable practice, in connection with which he is interested in agriculture. He is a good and substantial citizen. Although he has met with several financial misfortunes, he is now in easy circumstances, all made by his own efforts. He is a Republican. In 1869 he was elected to the State Legislature to fill an unexpired term. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in good standing with the Masonic lodge, at La Grange. The Doctor was united in marriage in March, 1855, to Mrs. Cassandra Nevels. This union resulted in the birth of James William, now a resident of Arkansas. Mrs. Biggs died, and in 1873 the Doctor united with Julia W. Mason, of Georgia. There is no issue. Robert R. Black Robert R. Black, farmer of Hardeinan County, is a native of South Carolina, born October 10, 1831, the third of nine children born to Amos and Lucy (Foster) Black, both natives of South Carolina. They were married in South Carolina in about the year 1823, and in 1836 they immigrated to Tennessee and settled in Madison County, where they lived seventeen years. In 1853 they moved to Hardeman County and there spent the remainder of their days. The father was of Irish descent, born in 1804. He was a Democrat in politics, a tiller of the soil by occupation, and a prominent member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and died in Hardeman County in September, 1877. The mother’s ancestors came from England; she was born about the year 1806, was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and died March 23, 1857, in Hardeman County. Robert R. received a good education in youth and in early life began farming. At five years of age he came with his parents to Tennessee and has ever since made it his home. In 1853 he came to Hardeman County and after living at different places, in 1865 he purchased the farm where he now resides. Mr. Black began life poor but by close application to business, and industry and ec6nomy has secured a fair portion of this world’s goods, owning 800 acres of good land in his county, and a water grist-mill and cotton-gin on Mill Creek. May 10, 1855, he married Miss Ann E. Toone, a native of Hardeman County, born February 5. 1839, and to them have been born six sons, five now living. Mr. Black is a Democrat and he and wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. William J. Blair William J. Blair, farmer and magistrate of Hardeman County, is a native of South Carolina, born October 19, 1836, the second in a family of twelve children born to Thomas and Editha (Black) Blair. The parents were married in Southi Carolina about 1831 or 1832 and in 1836 immigrated to Tennessee and settled in Madison County, where they lived some time when they came to Hardeman County. The father was a native of Southi Carolina, born in 1808 of Scotch-Irish descent, and was a Democrat in politics and a farmer by occupation. He was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of which he was elder for a number of years. He died in Madison County in 1872. The mother was also a native of.South Carolina and it is thought her ancestors came from Germany. She was born about the year 1810 and died in Hardeman County in 1866 a worthy member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. William J. has made farming his principal occupation in life but at one time was engaged in schoolteaching. He was reared in Madison County but in 1855 moved to McNairy County where he lived four years, when he immigrated to Rusk County, Tex., where his wife died. He remained there one year and in 1860 returned to Tennessee and in 1863 enlisted in Company C, Seventh Tennessee Regiment Mounted Infantry, under Gen. Forrest’s command and remained with him until the fall of 1864, when he was severely wounded at Collierville, Tenn. He was left near Salem. Miss., with a family named Powell who tenderly cared for him until he recovered. After a partial recovery he returned home and was immediately captured by the Federal forces and was sent as a prisoner of war to Camp Chase, Ohio, but was finally paroled at Vicksburg in the spring of 1865. He then returned home and for eight years was engaged in teaching school. In 1870 he purchased the farm where he now hives and has been successful in acquiring a competency of this world’s goods, owning 500 acres of good land. Mr. Blair has been three times married. His first wife was Miss Nancy Suggs whom he married February 8, 1854. She was a native of North Carolimia, a member of the Missionary Baptist Church and died July 18, 1860, the mother of two children. December 23, 1868, he married Miss Elizabeth Steward, a native of Madison County, and a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. She died in March, 1873. They were the parents of one daughter. October 11, the same year, Mr. Blair married Miss Minerva Steward, a sister of his second wife and to them have been born four children. He is a Democrat in politics and has served his county as deputy sheriff. Mr. and Mrs. Blair are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Jesse Blalock Jesse Blalock, planter, of Hardeman County, is a native of Granville County, N.C., born October 5, 1814, son of William and Katie (Cash) Blalock. The parents were natives of North Carolina, and there lived and died both in the same year. When Jesse was an infant he was left with strangers, but through his own efforts secured a good practical education, and was bound out to J. W. Philpott, who died before our subject reached his majority, and not receiving any compensation for all his years of hard work Mr. Blalock was left with nothing but an honest heart and name, and an ambition that prompted him to industry and labor. In May, 1833, he married Miss Rosana Lee, a native of North Carolina, born October 5, 1812. This was a happy union for forty years and the wife died October 5, 1873. In 1836 Mr. Blalock purchased a little farm near where he now lives, where he remained a short time, then moved to Fayette County, near New Castle, where he lived a short time and after living in different places until December, 1850, he then moved where he now lives, twelve miles west of Bolivar. He now owns 500 acres of good land under a good state of cultivation. To his first marriage ten children were born, nine of whom lived to be grown. July 21, 1874, he married for his second wife Miss Bettie Hudson, a native of Hardeman County, born May 20, 1850, and to them have been born two daughters: Pauline, born August 31, 1875, and died September 30, 1877, and Annie May, born November 19, 1877. In politics Mr. Blalock is a stanch Democrat, and he and wife are prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and to the interest of which he is a very liberal contributor. Robert Montrose Bostwick Robert Montrose Bostwick was born near Charlotte, N.C., January 21, 1834, the youngest child and fifth son of William Merida and Caroline (Graham) Bostwick. Their family consisted of five sons and two daughters. William was born in South Carolina, and as he died while his children were quite small but little is known of the Bostwick connection. He married Miss Graham near Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C. She was a daughter of Gen. George Graham, who was born December, 1757, in Chester County, Penn. He was a son of James Graham (great-grandfather to H. M.), who at the age of eighteen came from the north of Carlington Bay, County Down, Ireland, about the year 1733. According to a family tradition James was a descendant of a close kinsman and follower of the fortunes and disasters of the celebrated Montrose who took a conspicuous part in the civil wars of Scotland during the reign of Charles I. When the English Army prevailed in Scotland Montrose fled to Holland, and his adherents (among whom was a clan of the Grahams) passed over into the North of Ireland, where many of the descendants now reside. James Graham died, leaving his widow with several young children. She moved to Mecklenburg County, N.C., when George was but ten years of age. He received such education as was common to the youth of that period. The college at Charlotte, now known as the Davidson College, was in its zenith. George attended the first public meetings held in Charlotte, at the beginning of the Revolutionary war. He was too young to have a voice in the councils, but was deeply interested. He was in attendance May 20, 1775, when independence was declared, an official copy of which was sent to Congress by Capt. James Jack. In the summer and autumn of 1776 George served under command of Gen. Rutherford, in the campaign against the Cherokee Indians. While in the Nation he was one of the party selected to pursue Scott and Hicks, two British traders, who lived there and were believed to have instigated the Indians to war. The early part of 1780 he served in a campaign as heutenant, under Maj. John Sharpe, of Tennessee, who was his captain. They had the intrenchments made and the abatis placed before Charleston ere the town was besieged. Their term of service expired and they were relieved by another detachment of militia only two days prior to the time the city was invested. After Buford’s defeat, when Mecklenburg became the frontier and the men were almost continually under arms, Lieut. George Graham was present at every call of his superiors. He was under Gen. Rutherford’s command at the battle of Ramsoms, August 6, 1780. He was lieutenant of a company under command of Capt. James Knox, at the battle of Hanging Rock. He had command of a detachment of infantry who accompanied Col. Davis’ cavalry in the attack on a party of Tories at Nahub’s plantation at Naxhaw a few days previous to the arrival of the British at Charlotte. When they entered that place on the 26th of September, 1780, Capt. James Thomson, George Graham and others went with Gen. Davidson and the artillery of Phifer’s. Finding in a day or two, that the enemy was not advancing and probably would continue in that place for some time, they, by their general’s permission returned. Being well acquainted with the country, collected a party numbering fourteen, and October 3 defeated Maj. Doyle, who commanded a foraging party of upward of 500 at McIntyre’s, on the Beatties Ford road. After Tarleton’s defeat, when Lord Cornwallis was pursuing Gen. Morgan, George Graham joined our cavalry as a volunteer on February 1, 1781; was in the battle of Cowan’s Ford, where Gen. Davidson met his death. In the spring of same year George was appointed adjutant of a regiment called State troops, raised by South Carolina for the period of ten months, and under command of Gen. Sumter. While in this service, George was in numerous skirmishes with the British and Tories. He was at the taking of Orangeburg, and with the State troops and Washington cavalry when they were detached to attend the movements of Lord Rawdon when on his way to relieve Ninety-six. Three or four days before he arrived at that place and when Gen. Greene retired, he covered his retreat. In the military department, shortly after the Revolutionary war, George Graham was appointed major of the First Regiment of Mecklenburg troops, and afterward rose through the different offices until he was promoted to rank of major-general of the Fourth Division of both Carolinas’ militia, which he held until 1825. In 1784 he was united in marriage to Miss Cathay, by whom he had two sons and three daughters. One son died when young, and the other after reaching manhood. The eldest daughter, Mary Graham, married George Caruth. The second daughter wedded William Merida Bostwick, the third daughter became the wife of William McCree, of Mecklenburg, N.C. Mrs. Graham died in 1798, and George afterward married Mrs. William Potts, of Providence. There was no issue. In 1786 Mr. Graham was elected sheriff of Mecklenburg County, and continued in that office until 1794. The following year he was elected senator, to represent the county in the General Assembly. He was re-elected annually, almost without opposition until 1801, when he received the appointment of clerk of the supreme court, retaining that office until 1825, when failing health forced him to resign. The best evidence of the high opinion entertained for this worthy man’s integrity, patriotism and honor, was the varied and responsible offices of trust which he was for so many years called upon to fill. He discharged his numerous and laborious duties with distinction, fidelity and satisfaction to all. He was a brother of Gen. Joseph Graham, who was the father of William A. Graham, governor at one time of North Carolina, and afterward candidate for Vice-President of the United States on the ticket with Winfield Scott. Mrs. Stonewall Jackson was the daughter of Mr. Morrison, a Presbyterian minister of eminence, and the granddaughter of Gen. Joseph Graham. The subject of this sketch, Robert Montrose Bostwick, emigrated with his Barents from Mecklenburg County, N.C., in 1837, to Marshall County, Miss., where he resided until a few years after the death of his parents, which occurred about 1839 and 1840. He began the study of medicine under the instruction of his brother-in- law, Dr. N.C. Whitlow, when about the age of nineteen. He attended the medical lectures at the University of Louisville, Ky., the fall and winter of 1855-56 and 1856-57, graduating in the spring of the latter year. For about one year he practiced his profession in North Mississippi, then located at Hickory Valley, Hardeman Co., Tenn., where he had an extensive practice until the beginning of the late civil war. He entered the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Senior Regiment of Tennessee Volunteers, under command of Gen. Preston Smith. Dr. Bostwick acted as assistant surgeon until 1864, at which time he received his commission for the same, and remained in that capacity until the close of the war. He was wounded at Lovejoy Station, Ga. After the restoration of peace he resumed his practice at Saulsbury, of which place he is still an esteemed citizen. January 21, 1869, he was united in wedlock to Mrs. Fannie Guy Oates, who by her former marriage had two sons: William Leroy and Martin Guy Oates. To Mr. and Mrs. Bostwick one son and three daughters were born: Robert Graham, whose birth occurred March 26, 1870; Marie Louise, born October 9, 1873; Luta Paulina, born September 11, 1876, and Fannie Guy, born March 9, 1878, died February 9, 1887. Dr. Bostwick has been most successful in his practice, receiving an extensive and lucrative patronage. He is universally popular and recognized as one of the most skillful and eminent practitioners in the county. He is an active and consistent member of the Presbyterian Church (Old School). He is prominently connected with the Masonic fraternity, K. of H. and also with the K. & L. of H. He is a Democrat and self-made man. Mrs. Bostwick is the third daughter of Martin Winston Guy (dec’d), who inherited Scotch-Irish blood from his mother and English from his father, whose ancestors first settled in Pennsylvania. The mother’s maiden name was Esther Sharpe. Martin was born July 25, 1803, in Statesville, Iredell Co., N.C. He was the third son of Dr. Joseph A. Guy, who emigrated from North Carolina to Franklin County, Ala., which was then known as the Cherokee Nation. Here the Doctor died. He was a prominent physician and surgeon of his time. His wife survived him several years, dying at the advanced age of eighty-two. Their family consisted of five sons and four daughters. Martin W. Guy married Hester Ann Hardy December 9, 1829, near Tuscumbia, Franklin Co., Ala. To them were born three sons and four daughters. of whom only two are living, and are residents of the State. Mrs. Hester (Hardy) Guy died August 15, 1847, at the age of thirty-two years. Six of her children were living at that time. Her mother’s maiden name was Sheppard, a lady of English origin. Martin W., while a resident of Alabama, was for a numbers of years Sheriff of Franklin County; it was a responsible and lucrative position, and he filled it with fidelity to his country and distinction to himself. He left the office with a reputation for integrity which has been equaled by few of his successors, and surpassed by none. In 1836 he moved to Hardeman County, Tenn., and purchased land from an Indian whose name was Isaac Love. Mr. Guy was one of the pioneers. By his industry and enterprise contributed greatly to the development of the country. His occupation was that of a farmer, which calling he followed until infirmities and advanced age rendered him unable to discharge the numerous and active duties of an agricultural life. He was always in sympathy with the tillers of the soil, by whom he was highly regarded. He succeeded in amassing a very comfortable estate from the natural resources of the farm. He was reared by a Christian mother, who imparted to him the teachings of the Old School Presbyterian Church, of which she was a devout member, and which has been the prevailing religious sentiment of the family. Politically he was a Whig, and supporter of John Bell when he was presidential candidate in 1860. Mr. Guy was a strong Union man, strenuously opposed to the secession of the States. Believing it to be his duty to his country, posterity and himself, he firmly adhered to his convictions, though ever in sympathy with the unfortunate people of the South. He was a patriot more than a partisan. Living as he did in a section which was continually disputed ground between the contending armies, finding his property greatly damaged and his life endangered, he sought refuge within the limits of the city of Memphis, where he remained until the termination of the war. He then returned to his farm. He was one of the twelve chosen men who composed the first United States grand jury of the Federal court, which assembled in Memphis. This body was instructed to find a true bill against Gen. N. B. Forrest for treason against the Government. Col. Guy opposed this proceeding with all the vehemence of his nature. He was denounced by Judge Trigg as a traitor. The Colonel asked the privilege of being allowed to write his defense against the charge The request was granted, and the paper read before the Federal court, giving in detail his reasons. He then begged to be relieved and was, after receiving strong terms of condemnation from the judge, who in subsequent years realized his own error and as an honorable and just man, asked pardon of Col. Guy, assuring him of the high regard for him and his decision. The Colonel died in Memphis, April 21, 1885, in his eighty-second year. The article of defense above mentioned, and which had been carefully preserved for twenty years, was found after his death among his papers, with the special request that it should be published in the Memphis Appeal. It was as follows: A Personal Vindication of Martin W. Guy, and the Reason Why During the War He Refused to Serve on a United States Grand Jury, which Found a True Bill Against the Late Gen. N. B. Forrest for Treason. In discharge of the duties incumbent upon me as one of the grand jurors of this district, I am asked by my fellow jurors to concur with them in finding a true bill of indictment for Tennessee against Maj. Gen. N. B. Forrest of the Confederate Army, as he is notoriously in arms in defense of the Southern Confederacy and very recently has been in this county and a portion of the troops have penetrated this town, captured prisoners and made war upon the troops of the United States. This forms a strong and striking case, requiring an indictment for treason in the opinion of my fellow jurors. I have given this subject all the consideration of which I am capable, with an anxious desire to do my duty. The presiding judge in his charge to the jury, uses this language: "In making this diligent inquiry, your highest aim within the sphere of the duties assigned you, should be simply to promote the end of public justice." With this highest aim to promote public justice, I cannot concur with my fellow jurors for the following reasons: First, the Government of the United States is a voluntary compact between sovereign, equal and independent States, forming a compact for certain specified limited purposes. This compact, or partnership, is the constitution of the United States. In 1861 a portion of the States to this Federal compact, each in its sovereign capacity withdrew from the Federal Union and created another union and government called Confederate States, the States still adhering to the old Union called United States, denying the power and right of the seceding or withdrawing States to withdraw and form a separate Confederacy. As there is no umpire to decide this high question peaceably, the States calling themselves United States have resorted to umpire of the sword, to compel the seceding States to return to the old compact. There is no warrant in the constitution for making war upon sovereign States. If the published debates of the framers of the constitution are to throw any light upon the subject, the power of the Federal Government to make war upon a sovereign State is expressly and emphatically repudiated. Whether the remaining States to the old compact have a right to make war on the seceding States or not, they are, nevertheless, making war on the seceding States. The seceding States under their new form of government, Confederate States, are defending themselves against the war made upon them by the States still adhering to the old compact. With this view of the case I am not prepared to say that Maj. Gen. N. B. Forrest is making war upon the United States. He is a citizen of one of the seceding States. They claim they have a right to secede; that they have seceded and made another government, and that they are simply acting in self-defense, not making an aggressive war on the States called the United States. I am not prepared to say whether they are right or not. Second, I am a citizen of the State of Tennessee. The citizens of the State of Tennessee against my vote, against my wishes, against my judgment, against my acts (while it was an open question, I had a right to vote and act) by an overwhelming majority voted to secede from the old confederation and join the new. I cannot separate myself from my State, if I would. Against my judgment they have withdrawn from the old Union. A majority of its citizens determined to belong to the new union, that is an impossibility! The war has been raging for more than three years with varying success. After more than three years’ war, I have no evidence before me that a majority or even a tenth part of the citizens desire to return to the old Union. The facts would seem to justify a different conclusion. Nashville, Memphis, Knoxville and perhaps two or three communities in East Tennessee are under the control of Federal authorities. Such places are held by the arms of the Federal Government, while all the balance of the States are in sentiment with them, and the greater portion of the fighting population is in arms against them. This Federal judicial district embraces all of West Tennessee, while in fact and in truth its jurisdiction and processes would not be acknowledged and could not be enforced over and beyond the corporate limits of the town of Memphis, or at least outside of the limits of the Federal pickets, about three miles square. The construction of this grand jury is significant. The law contemplated that they should be selected from different counties, while in truth and in fact they are all from the town of Memphis. With these facts before me, with war raging over the length and breadth of the land, I am not prepared to join in bills of indictments against my fellow citizens of Tennessee and arraign them for treason and have them tried for their lives. They have as much right to their opinions as I have to mine. I differ with them as to the policy of their acts. But who is to decide which is right and who is wrong? I cannot pronounce them traitors. The line of separation between traitors and patriots is almost invisible. It depends upon success. Washington, Hancock and other Revolutionary fathers were called traitors. After seven years of war they succeeded, and in all coming time they will be called patriots, notwithstanding they rebelled against their government. Third, the presiding judge, with much emphasis, warns us that we are public functionaries, standing between the accuser and the accused; that we are the great security to the citizen against unfounded and vindictive prosecution, and the grand-jury room, therefore, is no place for the exhibition of personal animosities, or the gratification of individual malice. The moment that these, and less seductive influences of fear, favor or affection are permitted to invade the sanctity of the jury-room, grand juries cease to answer the purpose of their institution and become instruments of oppression and wrong. If the sage suggestions are necessary in peace, how potent they become in times like these, "when" (to use the language of the Court) "the whole country has become the victim of a delirium which strikes at the foundation of our political organization. Grand jurors are but men, liable to err, as other mortals. Can they — when the country is deluged with blood, when father is arrayed against son, and brother against brother, when the whole country is seized with delirium — calmly, philosophically and wisely lift themselves against the surging passions of the hour, and rightfully discharge these duties to themselves, their God and their countrymen? Fourth, I cannot believe we shall promote the highest aim of our duties, the end of public justice, by holding courts and instituting charges against those who differ with us in opinions. If we commence wholesale charges and indictments for treason against all those who are opposed to us, in retaliation they will commence the same against those who think as we do throughout the South — these many thousand wise and good union loving men, who deeply deplore the course which the Southern States have thought proper to pursue, and with uplifted hands are imploring God Almighty for a return to union and peace. Shall we commence here a system which will certainly involve these noble patriots in speedy and certain destruction? The war is not yet ended. The man don’t live who can see through it, or when or how it is to end. We are told the race is not always to the swift, nor the battle to the strong! The slightest incidents in life control the destinies of states, empires and individuals. No man living can tell what to-morrow will bring forth. The incidents of war may drive the Federal authorities out of Tennessee. If we sit here, hatch charges against our fellow men, what becomes of us in turn? Fifth, in view of all things, while the land is raging with delirium, I cannot believe we shall subserve the ends of public justice by instituting terrible inquisitions and indictments against our fellow citizens. Especially is it important that we desist at this time. A presidential election will come on before the people of the United States in less than sixty days. The war is now working to points beyond which, in the opinion of many, it cannot much further go. Out of these may come peace, union, liberty, fraternity. Is it wise to stir up strife when all good lovers of mankind hope that strife shall cease? If these things must be done, if the guilty must be punished, in the name of all that is holy, let us wait until the angry passions and delirium of the hour shall cease, and men selected from all parts of the judicial circuit come together, and unmoved by prejudice, passion, hatred, fear or revenge, calmly weigh these matters of high import and act rightly. Sixth, we have recognized Maj.-Gen. Forrest, the Confederate, even men on the high seas termed pirates and belligerents. Can we recognize them as belligerents and then institute these proceedings against them? Had Gen. Forrest been captured, would we have held him prisoner and tried him for treason, or would we have held him a prisoner of war, finally exchanged him, and turned him loose to come up against, us in arms? Seventh, may I now ask that you, Mr. Foreman, make known to the court my position, and let my position be filled by another more worthy and competent. I, since sitting in your body, have suffered much bodily pain, as I am much afflicted. If I may be permitted to retire by leave of the court, I shall carry with me no unkind feelings toward any member of this jury; but, on the other hand, I believe you to be gentlemen who have a high regard and desire to promote what you think the best interest of the State, and our common country. For the officers comprising this grand jury, from my limited acquaintance, in the discharge of your duties, I entertain the most profound respect, and I must say a word in behalf of my worthy friend and old countryman from Hardeman County. I have known him well for the last twenty-five years. A nobler or more honorable heart God never put into man than he possesses. A friend to the widow and orphans, the poor man in affliction or in prison, or an outcast, has ever found Pitser Miller a friend. The friendless he was always desirous to relieve and comfort and distress. May all such noble men live to a ripe old age, as the benefactors of our country. Gentlemen, I am now in your hands; I hope that you will have charity enough in your souls. Although you may think I am in error, if so then I am honorably so, so help me God. MARTIN W. GUY. N. A. D. Bryant Rev. N. A. D. Bryant was born in Moore County, N.C., in 1816, in which State his father, Elisha Bryant, was born in 1792. The Bryants, or Bryan as the name originally was called, are among the oldest and most honored families in the South. They are of Welsh origin; the ancestors immigrated to America about 1675, and settled on the Roanoke River, in North Carolina and Virginia. They are connected by marriage and intermarriage with the Whitfields and Boones; Daniel Boone, of historical fame, being a member of the latter mentioned family. The grandfather, Michael Bryant, about 1785 visited Moore County, N.C., where he wedded Miss Leah Graham, a woman of rare beauty and fine attainments. The subject of this sketch, in company with an older brother, M. A. Bryant, who was a civil engineer, came to Montgomery, Tenn., in 1837. During a portion of that and the ensuing year, they both worked on a farm, the brother surveying, and our subject teaching school. In 1839 they went to Arkansas, visiting the famous "fountains of health," the Hot Springs. At that day no elegant hotel or palatial bath house was to be seen; the only improvement was five rude pole pens, partly covered, and one spring was boxed with rough boards, at the base of the hill. A few miles northwest, on Cane Creek, they found a colony of people, some of whom had been there for forty years. Our subject taught, on the Sabine River; M. A. was employed at Iron Sulphur Springs, both receiving large salaries. It soon became known that the Rev. N. A. D. was licensed to preach the gospel; and on Cane Creek, beneath a large brush arbor, the whole colony assembled to hear the maiden sermon of the youthful and earnest "boy preacher." So gratified were the people, that by their unanimous request he delivered two more sermons later on. He returned to Tennessee, and entered the traveling ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. At the annual conference, he was put on the North Alabama Circuit His first appointment was at Decatur, the seat of wealth and refinement. He was met in that large and elegant house of worship, by a vast and cultivated congregation, all anxious to hear the young, new minister. He disarmed the critic, and made such an impression upon his listeners, and so widespread became his reputation for sincerity and eloquence, that whenever it became known that he would fill the pulpit, he was greeted by an enthusiastic and mighty assemblage. Mr. Bryant is one of the most able and influential ministers of the Methodist Church. He is of so earnest, firm and yet sympathetic a nature, that he has the power of calling back to the fold the most hardened sinner, of comforting the afflicted, and guiding the young into the paths of truth and morality. In 1845 our subject was united in marriage to Susan E. Joshin, of Dickson County, Tenn., a granddaughter of Benjamin Joslin of Davidson County. The fruits of this union was John Clarke, who died in infancy; William S., now a resident of Hardeman County; Thomas Lafayette, a well known divine, now living in Texas, and James Hart, who is connected with the United States mail service in Cincinnati. In 1854 Mrs. Bryant departed this life at Durhamville, Tenn. Mr. Bryant, in 1856, wedded Miss Virginia C. Ingram, a daughter of the late W. P. Ingram of Hardeman County. To this marriage five children were born: Nannie Taylor, wife of Rev. A. T. Hendrix, now in Hopkins County, Tex.; Charles Wesley, also resident of same State and county; Mattie McNeil, who died in infancy; Joseph Johnson, living at home, and Sue Idella, who is in Texas, with Mrs. Hendrix. In 1855 Mr. Bryant purchased the Person farm, in Hardeman County, where, in 1857, he moved his family this being the first time that wife, children, servants and chattels were all in one place. Two years later Mr. Bryant bought the homestead of the late Rev. D. W. Hullenn. This is a beautiful place, highly cultivated and improved, in a healthful locality in sight of Grand Junction. January 1, 1860, the family took possession of their new home, where they have since resided. In 1870 Mr. Bryant formally withdrew from the traveling ministry, since which time he has been a local minister, having no special pastorate. In connection with the religious duties, he has been engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1883 he made an extensive tour through Texas, and in 1885, accompanied by Mrs. Bryant and their infant child, again visited the Lone Star State. F. M. Cargile F. M. Cargile, a resident and leading merchant of Saulsbury, was born June 2, 1832, in South Carolina, of which State his parents were also natives. The father, James Cargile, was of Scotch descent. He immigrated to Alabama in 1832, from there to Mississippi in 1841, and to Texas in 1858, where he died in 1884; and the mother, Annie (Parsons) Cargile, in 1872. Our subject worked on his father’s farm until he attained his majority, when he began agricultural pursuits on his own responsibility, so continuing in a floul’ishing condition until the outbreak of the war. He entered the Confederate service as a private, July, 1861, in the Twenty- second Tennessee Infantry. At the reorganization he was transferred to the Twelfth Tennessee Infantry, and was elected first lieutenant, which rank he held during the remainder of the service. July 22, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga., he was shot through the upper portion of the head, disabling him from further duty. With one exception, he participated in every engagement in which his company was drawn. The South had not a braver or more gallant soldier. After the war and entire recovery from his wound, he resumed farming. In 1872 he embarked in general merchandising and the cattle business at Saulsbury, where he has been very prosperous. He is a self-made, enterprising and esteemed man. He began life after the war with nothing but a will of iron and ability. By industry and judicious management he has accumulated considerable property and means. He is a sincere member of the Missionary Baptist Church, the Masonic order and K. of H.; is also a stanch Democrat. December 18, 1858, he married Mary F., daughter of Wm. B. H. and Elizabeth Gatlin. To Mr. and Mrs. Cargile five children were born: James Robert, Ruth, Elizabeth (died December, 1872), Ida and Francis Marion. Roger S. Clark Roger S. Clark, a resident and prosperous merchant of Saulsbury, was born July 22, 1849, in Hardeman County. His parents were Jackson and Sallie (Lyle) Clark. The father was born January, 1824, in Alabama, and immigrated to Tennessee at an early day, locating near Saulsbury, where he resided until his death, which occurred December 8, 1857. The mother was born April 15, 1824, in North Carolina. She is beloved by all who know her and is still living with her son, our subject. The grandfather, Cornelius Clark, was born in 1763, and is supposed to have left Scotland and settled in Georgia when a comparatively young man. He took a prominent part in the war of 1812. The exact position he held is not known, but was evidently an officer of high rank. He died in Alabama. The grandfather Lyle was of Irish descent, a native of North Carolina, born in 1800, and came to Tennessee in 1826, locating in Hardeman County, where he lived a number of years. He died in Fayette County, July 22, 1885. Roger was a mere child when bereft of his father. He remained with his mother until 1870, when he went west. He traveled most of the time, visiting nearly all the Westem States, and returned home January, 1873. The next five years he was salesman for different firms, and in 1878 engaged in merchandise business for himself, in which line has been very successful. Since 1875 he has had charge of the postoffice, and was appointed postmaster in 1877. He began life without capital, but by untiring energy and judicious management is now in easy circumstances, having accumulated considerable means and property. He is a respected member of the Missionary Baptist Church, of the Masonic order, the K. & L. of H. He is a true Democrat. November 5, 1874, Mr. Clark was united in marriage with Miss Sarah E., daughter of W. W. Elliotte. Their union resulted in the birth of five children, two of whom are living: Pear T. and Jewel E. Napoleon B. Cross Napoleon B. Cross, farmer of Hardeman County, is a native of Madison County, born May 4, 1840, the fourth of eight children born to Richard D. and Sarah (Springfield) Cross, both natives of Chatham County, N.C. They were married in North Carolina, February 23, 1832, and in 1839 immigrated to Tennessee, settled in Madison County and lived there eleven years. In 1850 they moved to Hardeman County and settled ten miles west of Bolivar. The father was born April 7, 1809, and died in Hardeman County April 29, 1874. The mother was born May 21, 1811, and the next year after her husband’s death she moved to the home of her daughters, Emily and Eddie; the former is the widow of Thomas A. Green who died in 1872. Napoleon B., after receiving a good education, selected farming as his occupation, and in 1868 came in possession of the old homestead, which he purchased in 1879. He owns 1,200 acres of land, and December 11, 1867, was united in marriage to Miss Lizzie Jarmon, a native of Hardeman County. To them have been born the following family: Robert D. born September 7, 1868; Napoleon R., born December 6, 1874, and John B., born April 30, 1881. In 1861 Mr. Cross enlisted in Company E, Seventh Tennessee Regiment Cavalry, was received into Gen. Forrest’s command and remained under him throughout the war, taking part in the battles of Harrisburg, Miss., Brice’s Cross-roads, Miss., Fort Pillow, Tenn., and several others. He received two wounds, one at Britton’s Lane in 1863, the other at Harrisburg in 1864. Received his honorable discharge in the spring of 1865 at Memphis. Mr. Cross is a Democrat, and although not a member of any church is in sympathy with the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which his wife is a worthy member. H. P. Day H. P. Day, register of Hardeman County, was born in Robinson [Robertson?] County, March 7, 1833, a son of William and Martha (Brewer) Day. The father was born in South Carolina in 1790; was of Scotch-Irish descent. He immigrated to Alabama and later to Middle Tennessee, where he married, and came to Hardeman County in 1846. He was a farmer by occupation, a Democrat in politics. He was not connected with any church but was a most excellent and honest man. He departed this life in 1855. His wife was of English origin, born in Knox County in 1800. She was a true Christian woman, and member of the Methodist Church. Her death occurred in 1866. She was the niother of four sons and four daughters, and for twenty years previous to her death she was blind. The subject of our sketch was raised on a farm. He received a good education in the common schools of the county. He was an affectionate and devoted son, and assisted his parents as long as they lived. In 1861 he enlisted in Company B, Thirty-third Tennessee Infantry, Confederate service. For three years he did active and faithful service, was never captured and but once wounded, but in the fourth year, 1864, his left arm was shot off on the New Hope Line, Ga., which of course disabled him. In 1865 he married Miss Eliza J. Coggins, a native of North Carolina, born July 13, 1843. To this union four girls were born. Mr. and Mrs. Day are consistent members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Mr. Day is an earnest and influential Democrat. He was elected to his present position in 1886. For thirty-six years he has been a resident of the county, where he is well known, and esteemed as one of the most worthy citizens and reliable men. G. W. Dowdy G. W. Dowdy, a member of the firm of Dowdy & Cargile, of Saulsbury, was born in August, 1842. His parents were B. F. and Susan (Akin) Dowdy. The father was born in Virginia, July 8, 1816, and immigrated to Tennessee about 1836, locating at La Grange, Fayette County. He was married February 12, 1839, to Miss Akin, who was born in North Carolina November 8, 1824. Her death occurred April 27, 1880, her husband dying December 31 of same year. The subject of this sketch is of Scotch- Irish descent. He attended the Woodland Academy until the outbreak of the late war. He entered the Confederate service, in Company K of the One Hundred and Fifty- fourth Regiment Infantry. At Murfreesboro he received a shot on the top of the head. It was the only serious wound he had during his gallant and faithful service. After the surrender he returned home and engaged as salesman. In 1872 he and his present partner established a general merchandise business at this place, since which time they have been exceedingly prosperous. Mr. Dowdy is an honorable, enterprising and substantial citizen, who has accumulated his possessions by hard work and economy. He is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church and treasurer of the K. of H., and a stanch, earnest Democrat. In May, 1866, he was wedded to Miss Sallie E. Whitlow. Their union resulted in the birth of Theodore, Nicholas, Frank, Ernest, Julius, Joe, Laurie and Mary Susan. Mrs. Dowdy is of an old and highly respected family. Her father, Nicholas (Cowan) Whitlow, was born in Limestone County, Ala., near Athens, September 28, 1821 — a son of Jesse and Sarah (Cowan) Whitlow, married in 1820 in Alabama. Mary Jane Bostwick was born near Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N. C., July 25, 1827—the daughter of William and Caroline Elizabeth (Graham) Bostwick. Mr. and Mrs. Whithow were married in Tippah County, Miss., July 23, 1844. They had a family of four sons and six daughters. Dr. Whitlow, who was for thirty-three years a practicing physician, died June 8, 1877, and his widow departed this life, July 17, 1881. Edwin R. Drake Edwin R. Drake, a prominent farmer of the Fourth District, was born in Southampton County, Va., February 6, 1839. His parents were John and Mary (Doyle) Drake, both natives of Virginia. The father is of English descent, born in 1807. After marriage, and in 1842, they came to Hardeman County. The family consisted of six children, five of whom lived to reach maturity. Mr. Drake has never united with any church, but has always led an honest, upright life. Previous to the war he was a Whig, but has since affiliated with the Republican party. For nearly eighteen years he served as magistrate — by occupation, a farmer, in which he was most successful. In 1863 he moved to Illinois. He is nearly eighty years of age. His wife, who was born in 1814, departed this life, in 1881. The grandfather Drake was a gallant soldier of the Revolutionary war. Edwin B., our subject, was reared on a farm and received a good, common-school education. He was a kind and devoted son, remaining at home and assisting his parents until his twenty-fourth year, when he engaged in farming. In 1864 he married Miss Frances M. Kinney, born April 17, 1840, in Haywood County. Their union resulted in the birth of two children: George W. and John R. (deceased). In national politics Mr. Drake is a thorough Republican, but in county affairs votes for the man, not the party. He has always been successful in his agricultural pursuits; by hard work, he now owns 314 acres of good land. He is an esteemed and worthy man. C. A. Duncan C. A. Duncan. Among the early settlers of Hardeman County was William B. Duncan, a native of South Carolina, who came to this county on a hunting expedition in 1814. He was so well pleased with the country that in 1820 he returned, bringing his family, among whom were Henry W. and Thomas. The former is spoken of in another sketch. Thomas was born in Rutherford County, Tenn., in 1807. He married Mrs. Nancy Gray, born in 1797. To this union five children were born, four of whom lived to be grown. Mr. Duncan was a farmer and a Democrat. He died in 1858. His wife’s death occurred in 1855. Both were members of the Methodist Church. The Duncan family is of Scotch-Irish descent. The only living son is Calvin A., our subject; was born October 25, 1836, in Marshall County, Miss., where his parents lived a short time. His early life was spent on a farm. He received a good common-school education. At the age of eighteen he began his career as a farmer. In 1861 he enlisted in Company G of Tenth Arkansas Infantry, Confederate service. He was severely wounded at the siege of Port Hudson by the bursting of a shell, a portion striking him on the head. It was thought at first that he was dead. He was disabled for nine months, and for thirteen months held a prisoner. A year after his entry into the army he was promoted to rank of third lieutenant and later to first lieutenant. After peace reigned once more, he commenced life again without a cent. For two years he clerked in a store in Whiteville, and then opened a saloon, continuing in the business four years. Later he embarked in general merchandising in which he has since been engaged, and with unusual success. In connection with his mercantile business, he is. interested in farming to a considerable extent. In 1871 he married Miss Sallie Andrews, born in 1852. They have no children, but are raising two orphans. Both Mr. and Mrs. Duncan are active and liberal members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. For forty-five years Mr. Duncan has been a resident of Hardeman County, and twenty years closely associated with the commercial interest. He is known throughout the section as a man of fine business qualifications and honor. He is charitable and popular, and a stanch Democrat. Stephen N. Duncan Stephen N. Duncan. a farmer and mechanic of Whiteville, was born August 6, 1851, in Hardeman County. His parents were Henry W. and Margaret (Ruddell) Duncan. The father was born in 1800. He had been twice married previous to his union with Miss Ruddell. By his first wife he had one child, and eight children with the second wife. When about twenty years of age he settled in the western district, where Whiteville now lies. His chief occupation was farming. He also operated a grist and saw-mill, and kept a landing on Hatchie River. He began life a poor man, but by industry and good management amassed quite a snug fortune, and became the possessor of 1,900 acres of good land. He was a consistent, conscientious Christian. From religious principles, he never owned a slave. He met a sad and shocking death by drowning in Hatchie River in 1869. Mrs. Duncan was born in Kentucky in 1822, and died in 1852, leaving only one child, Stephen, our subject. He was but ten months old when his mother died. He was raised by his uncle, B. K. Ruddell. He received such educational advantages as the common schools of that day afforded. At the age of sixteen he began life for himself. After running a saw-mill for two years in Arkansas, he returned home and commenced farming. In 1873 he married Alice P. Andrews, who was born August 10, 1853. Of the three children born to this union only one is living — Mussie D. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan are respected members of the Methodist Church. In 1880 they located in Whiteville, where Mr. Duncan has since been engaged in mechanical pursuits, although still interested in farming. He owns 240 acres of fine productive soil. All of his life has been spent in Hardeman County, where he is well known and highly esteemed. He is one of the few surviving members of a prominent and once large family. Wiley Durden Wiley Durden, a resident and merchant of Saulsbury, was born March 28, 1836, in North Carolina, of which State his parents were natives. They were William and Elizabeth (Sauls) Durden. The father was born in 1806 and immigrated to Tennessee in 1837, locating in Hardeman County, where he resided until his death, February 12, 1855. The mother was born in 1797, and died August 22, 1854. Our subject was raised on a farm, upon which he worked until 1859, when he obtained a situation as salesman for J. M. Richardson, in the merchandise business, remaining in the position until the late war. He entered the Confederate service in 1863, in Col. J. C. Neely’s regiment. In 1864 he returned home and became clerk for McCullen & Bostwick. In 1867 he and R. M. Wright bought out the firm for which he had been working. The new firm was styled Wright, Cox & Co., changed in 1868 to Wright & Durden and, with the exception of one year, has so continued. They are now among the leading and most prosperous merchants of the place. having, by their fair dealing and courtesy to patrons, built up a large and profitable trade. Mr. Durden was married, Noveniber 15, 1870, to M. E. Tucker, of Somerville, Tenn. Their union has been blessed within two children: Edward Tucker and Willie Gwynne. Mr. Durden is highly respected by the entire community, and known as a man of fine business capacity, enterprise and honor. He began life at the close of the war without a cent, and is now the owner of some valuable property and considerable means. He is a stanch Democrat. David E. Durrett David E. Durrett, a leading merchant of Bolivar and an old resident of the county, was born April 15, 1835, in Albemarle County, Va., a son of Robert D. and Mary D. (Wood) Durrett, both of whom were natives of the same county and State as David. The father was born in 1796. He remained in his native State until after his marriage. He came to Hardeman County in 1836, and settled ten miles west of Bolivar. In the same year his wife died. Mrs. Durrett was the mother of mine children — six sons and three daughters — of whom but two are living. Mr. Durrett's second union was with Mrs. Polk, by whom he had one child. Mrs. (Polk) Durrett dying in 1844, ten years later Mr. Durrett returned to Virginia, and married Mrs. Terrell, who bore him one child. He was a farmer by occupation. He participated in the war of 1812, and was a Whig. He and his first wife were members of the Presbyterian Church. His death occurred in 1883. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm. His educational advantages were rather limited, despite which fact he is possessed of no small amount of knowledge and information. At the age of fifteen years he obtained a situation as salesman in a store, continuing in the business until the war. In 1861 he enlisted in the Confederate service, Company E, Seventh Tennessee Cavalry. At the battle of Britton’s Lane his left limb was broken by a minie-ball, which crippled him for life, and has necessitated the use of crutches. In 1865 he opened a store at Clover Port, and one year later located in Bolivar, where he formed a partnership with Hugh Harkins, Sr. They established a house, the firm being known as Harkins & Durrett. They did an extensive and profitable business, and were recognized as one of the most substantial and reliable firms in the county. The death of Mr. Harkins, in 1885, dissolved the partnership which had continued so harmoniously for such a number of years. In 1866 Mr. Durrett married Miss Mary E. Walton, who was born in August, 1848. Their union was blessed with five children, four of whom are living. Mrs. Durrett is an estimable Christian woman, and an earnest member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Durrett is not connected with any church. For half a century he has been a resident of the county, thirty years of which time he has been actively and directly engaged in the business interest of Bolivar; not once has he failed nor asked an extension time. In connection with merchandising he carries on farming. He a man of indisputable integrity, and a worthy citizen. W. R. Elliott W. W. R. Elliotte, Jr., a leading merchant of Saulsbury, was born May 22. 1839, in Tippah County, Miss. His parents are W. W. R. and Jemima W. Ferguson. His father was born August 14, 1813, McMinnville, Tenn., a son of William and Elizabeth (Wilson) Elliott both natives of North Carolina, born respectively in 1767 and 1775. They immigrated to Tennessee at a very early day and located in Rutherford County, where they lived a number of years. The father died in Henderson County in 1836, and the mother in 1862. W. W. R., who is of Scotch-Irish descent, was raised on a farm. In 1856 he engaged in the whole sale and retail family grocery business, afterward adding a fine drug stock. In February, 1885, he was burned out, a lost a great deal. He is an old and honored citizen, and highly respected. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, a belongs to the Masonic order. Previous to the late war he was a Whig but since that time has belonged to no party. November 1, 1838, was married to Miss Jemima W. Ferguson. To them a family of nine children was born: Daniel F.; Mary A. E., wife of L. T. Barden; John W., C. G., Emily, Francis, Virginia T., Alice B. and the subject of this sketch, W. W. R, Jr., who is the third son. When quite young he entered the merchandise business, continuing as a salesman until 1874, which time he embarked in general merchandise and cotton trade Saulsbury, and to the present date has been very prosperous. He married October 29, 1874, to Maggie Brown, of Tippah County, Miss. She is a daughter of Lawson W. and Elizabeth Brown, both natives Mississippi. To Mr. and Mrs. Elliotte four children have been born: Lizzie J., Lawson W., Ida May and an infant. Mr. Elliotte is a worthy and substantial citizen, and a self-made man, who has accumulated property by economy and industry. He is an esteemed member of Methodist Episcopal Church South, and a strong Democrat. William H. Farley William W. Farley, county court clerk of Hardeman County, is a son of Franklin B. and Mary (Parr) Franklin. Both were born, reared and married in North Carolina. In 1833 they came to Fayette County, Tenn., where they remained until 1848, and then moved to Shelby County. The father was a farmer by occupation and a Whig in politics. They were both members of the Methodist Church and lived to a good age. Our subject was born January 18, 1827, in Caswell County, N.C., was reared on a farm and had the very best educational advantages his county afforded. At the age of twenty-one he began for himself by clerking in a dry goods store. After six years’ experience he began merchandising, which he continued some time. He then engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1851 he married Mary J. Redd, daughter of Maj. P. B. Redd, an educator of Haywood County. This union was blessed by the birth of one son, William E., a farmer of Hardeman County. Mrs. Farley is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Before the war our subject was a Whig but since that event he has been a Democrat. In 1876 he was elected sheriff, which office he held as long as the law permits (six years). He was then elected to the office of county court clerk and is now discharging the duties of that position. He also carries on his agricultural pursuits and has 630 acres of valuable land. For forty years he has been a resident of Hardeman County, and the official positions he has held speak well for his popularity in the county. He is a man liberal in his support of schools, churches and other woin thy enterprises. His father was of German-Irish extraction. James Fentress Judge James Fentress, general solicitor for the Illinois Central Railroad Company, was born July 27, 1837, the second of a family of five children born to David and Matilda (Wendel) Fentress, whose ancestors came from England at an early day and located in Virginia. As the families increased they sought new and different homes, some coming to Tennessee. The grandfather, James Fentress, was speaker of the House of Representatives for a number of years. The maternal grandfather, David Wendel, of Murfreesboro, was the only Whig postmaster allowed to retain his office during Jackson’s administration. David Fentress married at Murfreesboro, moved to West Tennessee, where he made his home, and practiced law. He was considered one of the most talented and able lawyers in the entire section. He was at one time representative of Hardeman County in the State Legislature. Mrs. Fentress was a consistent and highly respected member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Fentress died in 1856, at the age of fifty-six years. Mrs. Fentress is still living, and in her seventy-eighth year. Her family consists of Dr. David W., of Texas; Francis, a lawyer of Bolivar; Kate, wife of Albert T. McNeal; Sallie W., wife of Jerome Hill, who is head of the firm of Hill, Fontaine & Co., of St. Louis; and the subject of this sketch, who after having the best of educational advantages at home, completed his course at the University of Virginia. After reading law for three years, he was admitted to the bar in 1859, since which time he has given most of his attention to his profession. The year of his admission to the bar he was united in marriage to Miss Mary T. Perkins, who was born January 16, 1842. This union resulted in the birth of ten children, of whom six are living: Mary W.; Matilda, wife of Girault Farrar, a lawyer of New Orleans; James, David, Calvin and Ethel. When the late war broke out between the North and South Judge Fentress entered the Confederate service as a volunteer May 15, 1861, as lieutenant. He soon became captain of Company B, Fourth Tennessee Infantry. In 1862 he resigned his commission and entered the cavalry service as private in Company E, Seventh Tennessee, and so continued until the close of the war. During his four years of active service he was neither wounded nor captured. Judge Fentress is a Democrat in politics. In 1870 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and took a prominent part in the revision of the Constitution. The same year he was elected chancellor of the Tenth Chancery Division of Tennessee, and resigning in 1872, returned to the practice of his profession. In 1876 he was appointed general solicitor of the Illinois Central Railroad Company for Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi and Louisiana. He makes New Orleans his winter headquarters, spending the summer at his beautiful country residence near Bolivar. He is also chief attorney for the Mississippi & Tennessee Railroad Company, general solicitor for the Canton, Aberdeen & Nashville Railroad, for the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad, for the West & East Railroad, for the New Orleans Belt Line, and serves in the same capacity for several other railroad companies of less importance. The Judge advocates travel as a means of attaining the highest culture. Both he and his family have visited all the different countries of Europe and have also traveled extensively in America. They are a cultivated, refined and interesting family, always recognized as among the first in the land. Judge Fentress and his estimable wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. Francis Fentress Francis Fentress, a member of one of Tennessee’s oldest and most honored families is a well known and leading attorney at law, of Bolivar, is a native of the place, born May 28, 1840, the son of David and Matilda (Wendel) Fentress. His early education was received in Hardeman County; at the age of sixteen he entered the Bandusia Seminary of Nashville, and later attended the La Grange Synodical College, completing the Freshman and Sophomore courses in one year. He graduated at the University of Mississippi in 1861. The same year he entered the Confederate service as a volunteer, enlisting in Company E, Seventh Tennessee Cavalry, serving until the close of the war. After the restoration of peace, 1865, he began the reading of law under the guidance of his distinguished brother, Judge James Fentress, and was admitted to the bar the following year, since which time he has practiced in Bolivar. In 1870 he married Miss Bettie, daughter of Gen. R. P. Neely. Mrs. Fentress was born September 2, 1849, and died in 1881, heaving three children: Elizabeth, Frank and Louise. Mr. Fentress’ second marriage was with Miss Bettie Bradley, of Franklin, Tenn., who was born June 12, 1857. To their union one child has been born, Margaret. Mr. Fentress is one of the best informed and most prominent lawyers of Bolivar. For nineteen years he has been local attorney for the Illinois Central Railroad, also the Memphis & Charleston Road. He is a "sky blue" Democrat, being at present chief superior of elections in the western district of Tennessee, appointed by Judges Jackson and Hammond of the United States circuit and district courts. Mr. Fentress has passed his life almost entirely in the home of his nativity where he is universally esteemed. He and his wife are earnest members of the Presbyterian Church. Daniel A. Ferguson Squire Daniel A. Ferguson, a prominent resident and retired merchant at Saulsbury, was born January 8, 1825, in Franklin County, Va., of which State his parents were also natives. His father, Daniel Ferguson, was born August 4, 1782, and immigrated to Tennessee in 1836, locating in Hardeman County, where he died March 27, 1858. He was an officer of high rank in the war of 1812. The mother, Jemima (Saunders) Ferguson, was born, and spent her life in her native State. She died in 1835. Our subject’s early life was passed on a farm. In 1857 he embarked in the merchandise business at Saulsbury, where with the exception of about six years, he continued until 1882. He was one of the most successful merchants of the county for many years, and considered a man of best business qualifications. In 1849 he was elected magistrate, and served about ten years in that capacity. He was the first mayor of the town, holding the office for eight or ten years. No man in the community is better or more favorably known. He has great force of character. He began life with comparatively nothing, but is now in most comfortable circumstances, and owns some fine property. He is a Mason and a Democrat. April 29, 1847, he married Miss Frances E., daughter of James and Mary (Jones) Smith, of Tippah County, Miss. To the union two children were born: James and Mary Frances, both deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Ferguson are zealous and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. James P. Ferguson James P. Ferguson, magistrate of the Second Civil District of Hardeman County and merchant of Hickory Valley, is a native of this county born September 28, 1845, the third of seven children born to Joel and Sarah (Flynt) Ferguson, both natives of Middle Tennessee, the father of Rutherford County, and the mother of Lincoln County. They came in early life to Hardeman County and were there married in 1833. The father was born in 1804, was a farmer, a Democrat, and a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He died October 1, 1862. The mother was born in 1810, was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and died in 1885. James P. received a good practical education, after which he engaged in farming interests for six years. In 1873 in partnership with a brother-in-law, D. W. McAnulty, he established a store in La Grange, Tenn., where they remained one year, when they moved their stock of goods to Hickory Valley, and in about a year’s time Mr. Ferguson sold his interest and for the next three years was not engaged in any special business. In 1877 he was employed by the old firm as bookkeeper and remained with them five years, after which he again became a partner, but on account of ill health was compelled to abandon mercantile life for a time. October, 1885, with a younger brother, Z. L. Ferguson, he established a store at Hickory Valley and has since been one of the active business men of the place. He owns one- half interest in this store and 275 acres of land in Hardeman County. December 10, 1867, Mr. Ferguson married Miss Mary L. Moorman born in 1839, a laughter of Rev. R. A. Moorman of Hardeman County. To this union have been born four children — one son and three daughters. He is a Democrat, a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and for eighteen years has served this church as elder. Mr. Ferguson is mayor of the town and notary public, the duties of which are the same as county court clerk. William D. Galloway William D. Galloway, a well-to-do farmer, and for four years magistrate of the Ninth Civil District of Hardeman County, was born in this county June 1, 1842, the second of six children born to Robert and Martha (McCrory) Galloway. The father was born in Limestone County, Ala., February 19, 1817. He was a life-long farmer, a Whig in politics, and a worthy member of the Methodist Church. The mother was a native of North Carolina, born in Mecklenburg County November 13, 1820. She was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. William D. after securing a good education began early in life as a farmer. He has always made his native county his home with the exception of the time he served in the Confederate Army. In 1876 he settled on 200 acres of land, but in 1882 moved to where he now resides. Mr. Galloway has been an active business man all his life and now owns 750 acres of land in Hardeman County. January 13, 1876, he married Miss Sarah McCammon, a most worthy lady and daughter of George and Elizabeth McCammon, both still living in Hardeman County. Mrs. Galloway was born in Hardeman County October 5, 1853, and she and husband are the parents of these children: Nona G., born April 6, 1877; Bunyan, October 8, 1878; Kelcie, February 6, 1880; Edgar, April 8, 1881; David, October 5, 1882, and Wilmer, July 9, 1884. Mr. Galloway is a Democrat in politics, and he and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. G. W. Garrett Col. G. W. Garrett, a prominent resident and prosperous merchant of Pocahontas, was born March 5, 1840, in South Carolina, of which State his parents were also natives. His father, Henry Garrett, was born March 5, 1808, and moved to Mississippi in 1851, locating in Tippah County, where he is living at present, extensively engaged in agriculture. The mother, Mrs. Elizabeth (Cauley) Garrett, was born in May, 1812. Col. Garrett’s ancestors were Scotch-Irish. He entered the Confederate service in 1861, at the age of nineteen, in the Third Mississippi Infantry, which was afterward consolidated within the Twenty-sixth and Twenty- third. He was second heutenant of Company C, and was gradually promoted until he reached the rank of colonel. During his brave and gallant service he did not receive a serious wound, but was captured twice, first at Fort Donelson, when he was imprisoned at Johnson Is] and for five months. He was again taken prisoner at Nashville, and confined at that place until the surrender. After peace was restored he returned home and engaged in farming which he continued for a year, at which time he formed a partnership with Halcomb, the firm being styled Halcomb & Garrett. One year later it was changed to G. W. Garrett & Bro., the same as at the present time. They have met with unusual success, having by their fair dealings and accommodating manners secured a large and profitable trade. January 9, 1866, the Colonel married E. J., daughter of Dr. R. L. and Annie Bouten, of French descent To Col. and Mrs. Garrett five children have been born: Minnie, Ottie, Hallie, Georgie and Lloyd. Col. Garrett is a true, worthy and esteemed citizen, a man of best social standing and an earnest member of the Missionary Baptist Church, also of the K. of H. He is a stanch Democrat and prohibitionist. George S. Gibson George S. Gibson, a well known and enterprising planter of Hardeman County, was born in Davidson County, Tenn., October 27, 1841, the second child in a family of eleven born to Jesse and Elizabeth (Parmley) Gibson. The parents were married near Knoxville, Tenn., about the year 1799, and soon after they moved to Davidson County, where they lived for a short time and then immigrated to Kentucky. The father was a native of Virginia, born about the year 1777; was a planter, and died in Kentucky about 1847. The mother was born in South Carolina, but the date of her birth is not known. She was several years younger than her husband and died in Hardeman County February 7, 1854. George S. received a good common school education and early in life turned his attention to farming. In 1826 he came to Tennessee and settled in Hardeman County, one of its first settlers. He was almost without money, and began at once a life of hardships and toil. By energy and economy after years of hard labor he was able to purchase a home, and in 1828 bought the farm where be now lives. Mr. Gibson was a heavy loser by the war, but now owns 220 acres of land. January 31, 1828, he married Miss Nancy Henson, a native of Madison County, Ky., born September 10, 1810, and to this union have been born ten children — seven sons and three daughters. Mr. Gibson was constable and deputy sheriff of his county for ten years, and has all his life been a Democrat. Although not a member of any church his views are in sympathy with the Missionary Baptist Church. Mrs. Gibson is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Robert Hannah Robert Hannah, a resident and farmer of the Thirteenth District, was born July 12, 1819, in Ireland, the eighth of ten children born to James and Margret Hannah. The mother died in Ireland and the father in Tennessee. The subject of this sketch immigrated to America in 1852, locating first in Arkansas where he engaged in farming and a portion of the time overseeing lands. In 1861 he came to Hardeman County, purchased laud and resumed farming in which he has always been very successful. He was married the first time about 1855 to Elizabeth Myrick. At the birth of the first child the mother died and the infant soon followed. In 1859 Mr. Hannah united with Lecami Ransey. This union resulted in the birth of seven sons and four daughters. The second wife departed thus life in 1882 and a year later Mr. Hannah wedded Eddie Puckett, of this county. The fruits of this marriage are two boys. All the family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Mr. Hannah is one of the most substantial men in the county, is worth a considerable sum. He had the misfortune to lose several thousand a few years ago, by security. All his means have been accumulated by economy and hard work without the aid of an education. He is a self-made man whose word is as good as gold, and he richly deserves the esteem in which he is held by the community. He is a strong Democrat and deeply interested in educational institutions and all worthy enterprises. Orris Harris Orris Harris, magistrate of the Third Civil District and farmer of Hardeman County, is a native :of Southampton County, Va., born February 5, 1832, the sixth of a family of ten children, three of whom are now living, born to Hardy and Elizabeth (Peete) Harris, both natives of Southampton County, Va. They were married in Virginia, May 25, 1820, and came to Tennessee in 1842 and settled in Hardeman County. The father was a merchant and planter by occupation, and a Democrat in politics. He was born January 19, 1793, and died in Hardeman County, September 28, 1844. The mother was born April 10, 1802, and after her husband’s death she broke up housekeeping and lived with her children. She was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church and died in Fayette County, August 2, 1882, while on a visit to her daughter, Mrs. Hardin. Mr. Harris secured by his own efforts a good education and selected farming as his occupation through life. He came with his parents when ten years old to Hardeman County, and with the exception of seven years has ever since lived here. In 1869 he purchased the farm where he now lives and owns 365 acres of land well improved. August 30, 1858, Mr. Harris married Miss Lucilla W. Price, a native of Hardeman County, and second cousin to Gen. S. Price, born April 10, 1842. To them have been born nine children, four now living. In the spring 1861 he enlisted in Company F, Seventh Tennessee Regiment Cavalry under Gen. Forrest’s command, remaining with him during the war. He participated in the battles of Belmont, Mo., Corinth, Miss., Fort Pillow, Guntown and numerous others. He is a Democrat but before the war was an old time Whig. For the last sixteen years has held his present office, that of magistrate, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Mrs. Harris and two daughters are members of the same denomination. R. R. Harriss R. R. Harriss. Among the early settlers of Hardeman County was James B. Harriss, a native of Kentucky, born in 1810. His educational advantages were very meager, but by coming in contact with the business world he became well informed in all practical affairs. When young he came to this county and here met and married Mary Robb, also a native of Kentucky, born in 1819. They had eleven children, seven of whom are now living. He was a Democrat in politics, and had the honor of holding several county offices. For six years he was sheriff, was also county court clerk, and magistrate. His chief calling in life was farming, though for about ten years he was interested in merchandising. Although he started in life on a small beginning he was successful and at the time of his death, which occurred in 1877, was the owner of 2,400 acres of land. Six years afterward the mother followed him. Of the seven surviving children, two sons are in Arkansas, one son in Texas and two sons and two daughters in this county. One of the daughters, Ann. C., is the wife of William R. Kearney, the other daughter, Ophehia, is the wife of William A. Franklin. The two sons living in this county are Robert R. and Charles H., both born and reared in this county, and are among its rising young farmers. Both are Democrats in politics. Few families have lived in Hardeman County longer then the Harrisses and few deserve a more honorable mention in the pages of its history. Theophilus Higgs Theophilus Higgs, a prominent farmer of Hardeman County, is a native of Halifax County, N.C., born June 29, 1822, the youngest of eight children and the only one now living, born to Theophilus and Mary P. (Brantly) Higgs. The father who was a farmer by occupation, was of French descent born in about the year 1786, in Northampton County, N.C., and died when our subject was about three years old, in Halifax County, N.C. The mother was of Irish origin born in Halifax County, April 2, 1789, and died in Hardeman County, Tenn., September 13, 1869. They were married in Halifax County, and the father was an honored and esteemed man and a Democrat in politics. Our subject secured a good academical education and having selected farming as his occupation in life, at an early age began tilling the soil. In 1848 he came with his mother and two sisters to Tennessee and settled in Hardeman County and has ever since made it his home. In 1849 he purchased the farm where he now lives, and since then has been one of the active and enterprising farmers of the county. Before the Rebellion he was very successful and had secured a handsome competency. The results of the war left him somewhat impoverished but he has since, by industry and economy, been fairly successful and now owns 400 acres of land under a good state of cultivation. January 31, 1856, Mr. Higgs married Miss Margaret Cheairs, a native of North Carolina, born June 5, 1835. To this union have been born seven children — five sons and two daughters — one son and one daughter deceased. In political views he is rather inclined to the Independent party, but is somewhat in sympathy with the Democrats. Mr. Higgs is not a member of any church but a firm believer in Christianity. Mrs. Higgs is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Benjamin V. Hudson Benjamin V. Hudson, a leading and well known druggist of Bolivar, was born October 11, 1859, in Hardeman County. He was the youngest son of Thomas W. and Elizabeth C. (Reaves) Hudson. When young, both parents came to the county, where they were married. Both were members of the Methodist Church. The father was a man of considerable means and an extensive planter; he owned about 1,100 acres of valuable land. For many years he held the position of county surveyor. In 1862 he died leaving a wife, two sons and four daughters. Mrs. Hudson is still living; is about sixty-two years of age. Previous to her union with Mr. Hudson she was married to Mr. McKinnie, by whom she had two children. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm and received his early education in the common schools. He afterward spent some time at the University of Tennessee. He clerked in a drug store at Whitesville about two years, and the same length of time in Bolivar. He then attended two courses of lectures at Baltimore, Md., for the purpose of thoroughly understanding pharmacy, preparing himself for the business he was to embark in. In 1883 he purchased the drug stock of Coleman & Co., and enlarged it until it now ranks among the leading houses of the county. He is an energetic, enterprising young man, and has built up a large first-class trade. He is an active and earnest member of the Methodist Church, and a Democrat. His brother is teaching school in Arkansas. George T. Ingram George T. Ingram, one of the leading grocery merchants of Bolivar, was born in Hardeman County, October 10, 1851; he was the only child of Thomas and Mary Ingram, both of whom were born and raised in Hardeman County, and were consistent members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. The father was a farmer by occupation, and a stanch Democrat. He was a highly respected man. His death occurred when he was but thirty-two years of age. Mrs. Ingram moved to Texas in 1856. There she married Dr. A. A. Prewitt, by whom she bore one son, J. A. Mrs. Prewitt died in 1860, at Jefferson, Tex. Our subject, George T., was principally raised in his native county, where he received a good common education. At the age of nine years he had to begin life for himself. He waspossessed of more determination and force of character than many of his seniors and he managed to overcome the difficulties which surround the young and inexperienced. After reaching manhood he clerked for three years, at the same time handled notes, bonds, and conducted various transactions. In 1875 he estabhishmed a grocery store, and by courtesy to patrons, and chose attention to his affairs, has an extensive and profitable trade. He is one of the board of directors of the bank of Bolivar. He is a stanch Democrat, but takes no active part in politics. He has resided in the county about twenty-five years; nearly half of that time he has been connected with the business circles, and no man in the community has a better record, or is more esteemed. In 1879 he married Miss Priscilla Nuckolls. Of the three children born to them, Mary and George T. are living, Neither Mr. nor Mrs. Ingram are church members, but they are a conscientious, charitable and upright couple universally respected. M. H. Jernigan Squire M. H. Jernigan, a well known resident and farmer of the Thnrteenth Civil District, was born in Hardeman County December 4, 1834. His parents were Arthur A. and Sarah (Howell) Jernigan, both natives of North Carolina. The father was born in 1804 and immigrated to Tennessee at an early date, locating in Hardeman County, where he died about 1859. The mother was born in 1814; was a relative of the late distinguished Rev. R. B. C. Howell, of Nashville, Tenn. Her death occurred in 1884. There was an extensive connection of children and grand-children, numbering in all about eighty-five. Our subject is of Scotch-Irish descent. He was raised on a farm; was working on his mother’s place at the outbreak of the late war. His educational advantages were of the most inferior character. When he attained his majority he could scarcely write his name, but by study, application and reading a good class of literature, has become well informed and fairly educated. In 1863 he entered the Confederate service, and was soon captured and was imprisoned at Alton, Ill.; shortly afterward he was sent to Fort Donelson, making the length of his confinement about seventeen months. He was released but a short time before the surrender, after which he returned home and engaged in farming and schoolteaching alternately. He was elected in 1875 to the office of magistrate, to fill the unexpired term of R. N. Mitchell, and has served since that time. July, 1865, he married Miss Smithie E. Tennyson, of Mississippi. To their union five children were born: Loudella D., the wife of M. J. Brannam of Gibson County; Martha D., wife of A. J. Brannam of this county; Arlington Lee; Hiram A.; and Mary Rosella, whose death occurred August 14, 1873. Mr. Jernigan is a respected member of the Missionary Baptist Church. He belongs to the Masonic order at Rose Creek, McNairy County, and is a stanch Democrat. He is of high social standing, a self-made, substantial and worthy man. William M. Johnson William M. Johnson, Esq., is among the old and respected settlers of Hardeman County. He was born January 29, 1819, in Williamson County. His parents were Andrew M. and Mary (Guthrie) Johnson. The father was born in 1794 in Brunswick County, Va., and came to Tennessee with his parents when a small child. He was married in Davidson County, 1816, and eight years later moved to Rutherford County, and in 1833 located in Hardeman County, where the remnainder of his life was spent. He was of English descent; a farmer by occupation; a Whig in politics. He served gallantly under command of Jackson against the Indians and in the battle of New Orleans. His family consisted of seven sons and four daughters; five of the children are living. He died in 1851. He and his wife were both connected with the Methodist Church. Mrs. Johnson was of French-Welsh origin; born in Nashville, Tenn., in 1797. Her father was one of the earliest settlers, and first tinner and coppersmith of that place. Her death occurred in 1843. Our subject was raised on a farm. His educational advantages were limited. At the age of nineteen he began to learn the tinner’s trade, which he followed some six years, and then turned his attention to farming. He has met with a great deal of success. He began life with comparatively nothing, but by judicious management, enterprise and industry, now owns about 1,800 acres of valuable land. Previous to the war he was a Whig — an uncompromising Union man. He is an ardent and influential Democrat. In 1867-68 he represented Hardeman County in the State Legislature. He has been a resident of the county for more than a half century; a member of the county court for twenty-one years. He is recognized as one of the most enterprising, charitable and esteemed men in the community. In 1862 he married Mrs. Margaret Johnson, nee Lacy. She was born December 25, 1839. To this union three children have been born: Lou, Belle and Myrtle. Mr. Johnson and his daughters are Methodists. Mrs. Johnson has not united with any denomination. By her first marriage she had one child, Nettie. J. H. and E. M. Jones J. H. and E. M. Jones, proprietors of the Hardeman Woolen Mills, are the sons of Paul T. Jones, who was born in North Carolina in 1828, and came with his parents to Hardeman County in 1832. They settled on the farm upon which the West Tennessee Insane Asylum is now situated. He received an excellent and thorough education, completing his course at Lagrange College, Alabama. In 1848 he was married to Miss Jennie M. Wood, who bore him four sons and two daligliters. In 1863 Mrs. Jones died a respected member of the Presbyterian Church; five years later he married Miss Mary Kirkman, with whom he had four sons and two daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are consistent members of the Presbyterian Church. Previous to the war Mr. Jones was a Whig, and is now a stanch Democrat. At the close of the war he was appointed magistrate by Brownlow, and was afterward elected to the same office. He was the founder of the once lively village of Leatherville, in Hardeman Coumity, where he operated a saw and grist-mill, a tanyard and woolen-mill, the last of which is successfully run by his two sons whose names appear at the head of this biography. The woolen factory was established in 1838 by the father, who had charge of it until 1874, when the present senior member took the management, and four years later was joined by his brother. Both of these gentlemen were born and raised in Hardeman County. They are energetic, wide-awake men, who have by their ability and integrity been unusually prosperous in their business. They are universally known and popular. Isaac and Samuel Kahn Isaac and Samuel Kahn, under the firm title of Kahn Bros., are leading dry goods merchants of Bolivar, and the sons of Henry and Louise (Newberger) Kahn, both natives of Germany where they grew up and were married. Soon after they immigrated to America and located in Bolivar, where he opened a dry goods store and was engaged in this business until 1863. He then moved to Louisville, Ky., where he carried on the same business a short time and then retired in 1868. He was a Democrat in politics, and a remarkably successful merchant. He died in 1880. The mother is still living in Louisville and is sixty-five years of age. They had five children — four sons and one daughter. In 1868 the four sons came to Bolivar, opened a large dry goods house and for fifteen years were in partnership. In 1883 Marcus Kahn left the firm and a year later Jacob Kahn withdrew, leaving the firm as it now is. Twice the store has been burned and each time a more extensive one has been built. Isaac, the senior member of the firm, was born July 20, 1849, in Bolivar where he received his early education and afterward attended the Male High School at Louisville, Ky. After completing his education he came to Bolivar and has since been engaged in business at this place. In 1880 he married Emma Rosenthal, by whom he had two sons — Henry and Claude Mellville. Samuel, the junior member of the firm, was born in 1852 in Bolivar, and received the same educational advantages as his brother, Isaac. In 1881 he married Miss Tillie Frank, and to this union were born three children: Annie, Louise, and an infant. Both brothers are stanch Democrats in politics. The firm of Kahn Bros., have had the leading dry goods business in Bolivar since 1868 and are prominent among the first business men of the town. William R. Kearney William R. Kearney, a well known miller and farmer of the Sixth District, was born September 17, 1832, in Bolivar, Tenn., and is a son of Philip and Sarah (Ramsey) Kearney, both of Irish descent. They came to Hardernan County when quite young and here were married. To them were born three sons: William R., John H. and Philip; the last two mentioned are dead. The father, after making several moves, finally settled in Holmes County, Miss., where he died. He was a Democrat in politics. His widow returned to Hardeman County and married Robert H. Walton, by whom she had two children: Mary E., wife of D. E. Durrett, and Charles A. Mrs. Walton was a consistent member of the Missionary Baptist Church and died April 2, 1886. The grandparents came direct from the Emerald Isle. Our subject was reared in his native town, and received a very limited education. When about twenty years of age he began life for himself. After a year spent in Louisiana, and another in Kentucky he returned to Bolivar and with his brother in 1854, purchased a grist-mill, in which business he has since been engaged. In connection with the mill, which is the best in the county, he is largely interested in agricultural pursuits, owning about 1,300 acres of valuable land. The mill was burned once but was soon replaced by a better one. In 1865 Mr. Kearney married M. L. Davis, who was born in 1842. She was a most estimable woman and an earnest member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. She died in 1868 leaving one son. Five years later Mr. Kearney wedded C. A. Harriss, who was born October 6, 1844. This union resulted in the birth of five children, four of whom are living. For over half a century our subject has lived in Hardeman County and is recognized throughout the entire section as a man of fine business capacity, and an honest, upright citizen. He is a stanch Democrat in politics, and he and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Sallie R. Kent Mrs. Sallie R. Kent, nee Polk, was born in Hardeman County, Tenn., in the year 1821 and is the daughter of William and Elizabeth (Dodd) Polk. Mrs. Kent came of an illustrious family, her father being an uncle of President J. K. Polk. Williani Polk was a native of North Carolina and in 1837 he moved to Walnut Bend, Arkansas, sixty miles below Memphis. In 1843 our subject married Dr. Joseph Kent, a son of ex-Gov. Kent of Maryland. Dr. Kent was a native of Prince George County, Md., born in 1805, and practiced his profession in the city infirmary of Baltimore for seven years. He was an Episcopalian in his religious belief, and his death occurred in 1862, in Arkansas. Seven children were born to their marriage, two now living: Joseph and Olivia Polk Kent. Mrs. Kent had the best of educational advantages in her girlhood, having been educated at Salem, N. C. Olivia married James Bass, a native of Middle Tennessee. Dr. and Mrs. Kent’s generosity was proverbial within the pale of their acquaintance, being ever ready to bestow kindnesses on all worthy applicants. In 1863 Mrs. Kent left her home in Arkansas for the purpose of educating her children in the schools of St. Louis, Mo., and in 1864 her home valued at $35,000 was destroyed by fire, besides valuable books to the amount of $3,000. After the visitation of this dire calamity, a home was offered her by her sister, Mrs. Abner Taylor, who lives in Madison County: Mr. and Mrs. Taylor were a great comfort to her in this great distress and too much cannot be said of their kindness. In 1870 Mrs. Kent moved to New Castle, Hardeman County, where she still lives, respected by all who know her, for excellent qualities. John W. Kinney John W. Kinney, a respected and well known farmer, of the Second District, was born August 14, 1838, in Haywood County, Tenn. His parents were George W. and Lucinda J. (Tucker) Kinney. When young they both came to the western district, settling in Haywood County, where they were wedded. In 1860 they moved to Hardeman County. Both belonged to the Methodist Church. Of the fourteen children born to their union, only four sons and three daughters survive. The father was of Irish descent, an old school Democrat, as are his sons. All of his life he was an industrious, energetic farmer, and accumulated some 1,700 acres of fine land. He died in 1883, since which time the mother has made her home with her children. The subjectof this sketch was reared on a farm and received his education in the common schools. On reaching manhood’s estate, he took charge of his father’s business, conducting it for seven years. In 1866 he married Miss Letitia F. Goodwin, who was born Augast 29, 1848. Their union has been blessed with eight children, four of whom are sons. Mr. and Mrs. Kinney are consistent and earnest members of the Missionary Baptist Church. After marriage he settled in Mississippi where he farmed until 1880, when he returned to Hardeman County. He has been quite successful in agricultural pursuits and now owns about 600 acres of good land. He is an enterprising and worthy citizen. Joseph L. Lax Joseph L. Lax, farmer, is a native of the county where he now resides, born February 3, 1837, a son of Berryman and Virginia O. (Farmer) Lax. Both were of English descent and natives of Halifax County, Va. They were married in their native State and soon after immigrated to Tennessee and stopped in Bedford County for two years and then moved to Hardeman County and were among its first settlers. The father was born about the year 1792. In 1858 he immigrated to Arkansas where he died in 1874. He was a Whig in politics and he and wife were members of the Missionary Baptist Church. The mother died in Hardeman County, June 27, 1853. Joseph L., after securing a good education, began farming and has always made Hardeman County his home excepting the time spent in the war and two years spent in the States of Arkansas and Mississippi. In June, 1862, Mr. Lax enlisted in Company C, Forty-second Mississippi Regiment Infantry; was received in Gen. Heath’s division, participating in the battles of the Wilderness and others. He was captured at Cold Harbor and was sent as a prisoner of war to Point Lookout. In 1865 he returned home and resumed farming, and now owns 700 acres of land. December 7, 1859, Mr. Lax married Miss Ann E. Cook, born in Montgomery County, N.C., August 20, 1837, a daughter of William and Martha Cook. Mr. Lax is a believer in Christianity, but not a member of any church. Mrs. Lax and her mother are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. John T. Low John T. Low was born June 19, 1851, two miles southwest of Saulsbury, Hardeman Co., Tenn. He is a son of E. E. and Mary A. (Aitken) Low. The father was born in Perry County, Ala., August 24, 1824, and immigrated to Hardeman County, Tenn., January, 1831, and was married September 5, 1847, to Miss Aitken, of Hardeman County, Rev. Samuel Lambeth officiating. To this union four sons were born, three of whom died in childhood. E. E. Low joined the Masonic fraternity in 1848, Berlin Lodge, No. 170, in town of Berlin, Hardeman County, and the Royal Arch Chapter and Council Masons in La Grange, Fayette Co., Tenn. September, 1854, he became a member of the Baptist Church at Rock Springs, Hardeman County, the pastor being Rev. L. Savage. September, 1855, he engaged in commercial business at Saulsbnry. He formed a copartnership with John M. and J. J. Chambers; the firm was styled E. E. Low & Co. They met with considerable success and were regarded as men of ability and integrity. J. J. Chambers was a prosperous merchant and farmer, always a true Democrat. In 1861 a company was organized and called the Saulsbury Grays. J. M. Richardson was made captain. H. A. Guynn first lieutenant, E. E. Low, second heutenant and Jesse Barden, third lieutenant. A company called the Hatchy Hunters, of Bolivar, Tenn., with R. H. Wood of that place as captain, was consolidated at Trenton, Gibson County, into the Twenty-second Tennessee Volunteers, Thomas J. Freeman as colonel of the regiment. After serving about four months Mr. Low resigned his commission as lieutenant and joined the company as a private. In the fall of 1862 the conscript law took effect and he being over thirty-five years of age was released from duty at Tupelo, Miss. He returned home. In November of the same year, while leading a quiet and peaceable life, he and several others were taken by the Federal soldiers and imprisoned at Alton, Ill. His fellow prisoners were M. M. Thurmond, T. B. Bowdon, William Gannon and T. B. Low, his brother. January, 1863, without charges or trial he was released and lived as a citizen until the following fall, when he went south with C. W. Phelps, an old comrade of the Twenty-second Regiment and enlisted in the Fourteenth Tennessee Cavalry, Col. J. J. Neely’s regiment, under command of Gen. N. B. Forrest. Mr. Low was commissary of the regiment until the latter portion of December, 1864, after the battle of Franklin, Tenn., or better known as Hood’s raid. He was taken sick near Nashville, Tenn., with pneumonia and left three or four miles north of Franklin with James P. Moore, a citizen. In March, 1865, he went to Memphis by boat, and obtained a situation as clerk for Pearce, Park & Co., at that place. In the fall of that year he entered into business at Saulsbury in partnership with J. J. Chambers, T. C. Moore and J. D. Ussery, the firm being known as Moore, Ussery & Co. In the fall of 1866 he retired from business, devoting the remainder of his life to his family. In 1873 Saulsbury Grange was organized with E. E. Low as Master. He died July 4, 1886. He was one of a family of twenty-two brothers and sisters. His father, Thomas Low (grandfather John T.) was born in Randolph County, N.C., January 22, 1768. He immigrated to Georgia when quite young, then to Alabama, and January, 1831, came to Hardeman County, Tenn. The next year he formed a M. D. society in that county. His death occurred March 9, 1846, and the community lost a useful and esteemed resident. His father (great-grandfather of subject) was John Low; he married Charity, a sister of the distinguished Gen. John Butler and a niece of Gen. William O. Butler, a noted and gallant officer with Gen. Zachary Taylor in the Mexican war. The mother of John T. Low was born January 29, 1826, in Russellville, Ala. Her father, John Hall Aitken, was a native of Edinburg, Scotland. He immigrated to America in 1817. In 1821 he married Miss Mary F. Rutherford, of Russellville. His death occurred April, 1827. March, 1828, Mrs. Aitken, with her two children, William and Mary, and her father, Samuel Rutherford, immigrated to Hardeman County, Tenn., and settled where the town of Grand Junction now lies, or about two and a half miles south of the railroad crossing. Samuel Rutherford was born in Gochland County, Va., in 1763 and located in Russellville, Franklin Co., Ala., in 1818. John T. Low, the subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm and received such educational advantages as the average country boy and schools of that day gave, until about his nineteenth year or the close of the war. He then entered the Union University at Murfreesboro where he remained two years, returning home in 1872. He became interested in agriculture and has devoted his time to that pursuit in which he has met with prosperity. In connection with his chief pursuit he has done a portion of the surveying for Hardeman County since 1875. He is a man of the best social standing, influence and indisputable integrity. He is prominently connected with the Masonic order, being a Royal Arch Mason. His membership is at Saulsbury Lodge, No. 48. He is a stanch, true Democrat. He is an enterprising farmer, and extensive dealer in fine blooded stock and cattle. He is liberal and always ready to assist all charitable institutions or worthy and beneficial enterprises. He was married in Texas, December 23, 1874, to Josie Guy, the only daughter of Dr. J. H. and Ranie (Carlton) Guy. Mrs. Low was born December 5, 1856, in Haywood County, Tenn. To this union four children have been sent: Willie Carlton, born November 14, 1876; Ranie Mary, born October 10, 1877; Johnnie T., born June 14, 1881, and departed this life January 5, 1885; Josie Irene, born October 14, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Low are devoted and exemplary members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Mr. Low joined in 1868.