Freestone County, Texas Censuses 1870 Census for Fairfield, Freestone Co., TX. [all are with Fairfield post office] by H. M. Majors, Ass't Marshal [census images: https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-DCZ9-5VD - 212 total images, of which 187 are the rural parts of the county] [WARNING - This 1870 census is the hardest to transcribe and understand of all of the Freestone County censuses. The census taker has bad handwriting and phonetic spelling. I encourage use of the images by looking at the transcription for anything even remotely like your ancestor's surname, then look at the image closely. Known phonetic spellings in Freestone County surnames: "Orand" = pronounced "Arnd" "McEachern" = pronounced "Muhcan" "Folks" = pronounced "Fawlks" or "Fulks" "Averyhart" = pronounced "Averyheart" "Tisdale" = pronounced "Tisdal" "Chamblee" = pronounced "Shamby" "Shields" = pronounced "Sheals" [] = blank, but expected some value The census taker is Henry Martin Majors, age 29 at this point. County's total population of 8,139 based on this 1870 census. (Greatly increasing over the 6,881 in the 1860 census. But most were from the addition of blacks to the census. In the 1860 census, only non-slaves were listed.) Notice the loss of young men of military service age lost in the Civil War. These young men would have been present in the 1860 aged 11 to 25, then 16 to 30 in 1865, and now aged 21 to 35. Historians say generally this is about half that went to war. Most died not from battlefield injuries but rather disease. Many of the new whites seem displaced from Mississippi (especially Itawamba Co., MS.) or other southern states that suffered great economic and infrastructure loss in the Civil War. Freestone County offered a fresh start where there would be more plentiful cotton gins, school houses, and lumber mills since it never had an attacking army going through it. Household numbers are done strangely. A lot of times, the head-of-household is listed with the prior family. So it seems that the household number is written by the census taker while working on the current household and before all the current household is written down. So there are instances, where I moved the head-of-household to his family. Freestone County voters roll for 1867-1869 is abbreviated *FCV67*. This voters roll because it is the first time we get to see the male blacks that were former slaves. Obviously this voter roll does not help with black widows or single mother households. The editor attempted to list further information about the couple and the family. If no further information is known, then it will be listed as unknown. Handwriting: This census taker has especially poor handwriting. He writes his capitol T and capitol F characters almost identical. Additionally those same capitol letters almost have an extra H-shape due to the flurishes at the top. Census Rows: The name of every person whose usual place of abode on the first day of June 1870 that was in this family. The infant birth months seem to be counted using June, but if so, there are numerous incorrect months or age. Census Columns: Dwelling number / Family number Description - age at last birthday. If under 1 year, give months in fractions, thus 3/12 - Sex (M), Female (F) - Color White (W), Black (B), Mulatto (M), Chinese (C), Indian (I) Profession, occupation, or trade of each male person over 15 years of age Real estate value Personal estate value Place of birth naming the state, territory, or county Parentage - Father of foreign born? - mother of foreign born? If born within the year, state month (Jan, etc.) If married within the year, state month (Jan, etc.) Attended school within the year Education - Cannot read - Cannot write Whether deaf and dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper, or convict Constitutional relations - Male citizen of U.S. of 21+ years - Male citizen of U.S. of 21+ years where vote is denied on other grounds than rebellion or other crime Abbreviations: F.C. = Freestone County, TX = Texas, (???) = means we do not know her "maiden name", m = married, GA, etc. = state abbreviations following modern postal rules, [* unknown *] = no further information known beyond what is listed. Freestone County: *FCV67* = most common is the voter roll 1867-1869 *FCT80* = censuses will have the year, so 1880 in this case. If 2 digit, then assume 1800s. *FCA60* = agriculture censuses will have the letter "T" and the year, so 1860 in this case. *FCM60* = mortality censuses will have the letter "M" and the year, so 1860 in this case. *FCT51* = tax rolls will have the letter "T" and the year so 1851 in this case. *FCJ52* = jury summons list will have the letter "J" and the year so 1852 in this case. Limestone County will have "LC" instead of "FC" ] [1870 census for Freestone Co., TX. - by H. M. Majors; handwritten 21] [Page 1, July 4, The Town of Fairfield, Precinct 1 ] 1/1 [John Thomas & Elizabeth A. (Cook) Murray] John T Murry 40 Male White Farmer 15,000 500 Alabama Elizebeth Murry 35 Female White Alabama William G Murry 17 Male White Mississippi Charlie H Murry 13 Male White Texas Alice A Murry 10 Female White Texas Maryetta Murry 7 Female White Texas Virginia Murry 4 Female White Texas Anabel Murry 2 Female White Texas 2/2 [Dr. Robert A. & Alice (Moores) Adams; m 14 Nov 1868 in McCracken Co., KY.] Robt Adams 45 Male White Physician 10,000 1,500 Georgia Alice M Adams 32 Female White Alabama Julie B Adams 21 Female White Georgia Mary C Adams 16 Female White Georgia Sally L Adams 14 Female White Georgia Rebecca Adams 12 Female White Georgia Georgia Adams 10 Female White Alabama Jane Adams 8 Female White Texas Fannie Adams 6 Female White Texas Jefferson Adams 5 Male White Texas William M Adams 7/12 Male White Texas September [* unknown *] Maggie Oya 40 Female White Teacher $0 $250 Maryland [* unknown *] William Moores 26 Male White Teacher $2500 $100 Alabama [Eliza McIntosh Blackmon d/o Dr. David Levy Blackmon. Before her m 11 Apr 1873 in Navarro Co., TX to Thomas H. Patterson] Eliza Blackmon 21 Female White Teacher Alabama [* unknown *] Price Adams 33 Male Mulatto Domestic Servant Georgia Salla Adams 30 Female Black Georgia Olive Adams 18 Male Black Georgia Anny Adams 16 Female Black Georgia Eliza Adams 8 Female Black Texas Mallie Adams 5 Female Mulatto Texas Tannie Adams 4 Female Mulatto Texas Elizebith Adams 1 Female Mulatto Texas 3/3 [* unknown *] Burny Adams 35 Male Black Farmer Georgia Amelia Adams 25 Female Black Virginia Edmond Adams 5 Male Black Texas Sarah Adams 2 Female Black Texas 4/4 [Jackson John & Mary A. (Brown) Cullison; m 19 Nov 1857 in Limestone Co., TX.] John Cullison 41 Male White Cabinet Maker Maryland Mary A Cullison 32 Female White Mississippi Ella Cullison 12 Female White Texas [Alvina Stella] Maggy Cullison 10 Female White Texas [Margaret] Mary Cullison 7 Female White Texas [Mary Lee] Emma Cullison 5 Female White Texas --------------------------------------------------------------- [1870 census for Freestone Co., TX. - by H. M. Majors; handwritten 21] [Page 2, July 4, The Town of Fairfield, Precinct 1 ] Noah B Callison 2 Male White Texas [Noah Brown] [* unknown *] Daviss Burrous 45 Male White Cabinet Maker Indiana [* unknown *] J Robertson 22 Male White Farmer Maryland [* unknown *] John T Kerr 26 Male White Cabinet Maker Maryland [* unknown *] Henry Hennigton 28 Male White Farmer Texas [* unknown *] Caroline Nesbert 25 Female Black Cooks Texas 5/5 [Joseph T. "Jesse" & Cynthia E. (Herndon) Powell] Jesse Powel 37 Male White Saddle Maker Virginia Centha E Powel 30 Female White Kentucky Susan T Powel 8 Female White Texas [Susan Tom] Harry H Powel 7 Male White Texas [Harry Herndon] Mary S Powel 5 Female White Texas Martha T Powel 4 Female White Texas [Martha Terry] Fanny D Powel 2 Female White Texas Adda J Powel 4/12 Female White Texas February ["Addie"] [* unknown *] T Hennigton 20 Male White Harness Maker Texas Sarah Hennigton 18 Female White Texas 6/6 [William W & Ann Amantha (Durst) McDonald] W McDonald 30 Male White Wagon Shop $1000 $150 Alabama Amonth McDonald 30 Female White Alabama Lee McDonald 10 Female White Texas Mary G McDonald 9 Female White Texas Fletcher F McDonald 1/12 Male White Texas May [* unknown *] Giles Deming 12 Male Texas Black 7/7 G C Rowels 41 Male White Works in Wagon Shop Georgia Laura G Rowels 23 Female White Alabama 8/8 [John H Mims Sr, widower] John Mims 66 Male White Farmer 3785 1000 North Carolina Eliza Mims 23 Female White Alabama Mollie Mims 22 Female White Alabama Elizabeth Mims 20 Female White Alabama William Campbell 9 Female White Texas Salla Campbell 7 Female White Texas [Isaac Newton & Maryetta Margaret (Mims) Robertson; m 22 Mar 1868 in F.C.] Isaac Robertson 24 Male White Tennessee Maryetta Robertson 22 Female White Alabama Britta Robertson 9/12 Female White Texas 9/9 [James Walter & Savannah Frances (Smith) Thomas] J W Thomas 41 Male Georgia White Sallie J Thomas 32 Female Georgia White Pursilla Thomas 7 Female Texas White [Alma Priscilla] Etna O Thomas 5 Female Texas White [Ethelyn O.] Arther E Thomas 1 Female Texas White [Arthur Erwin] 10/10 [John R. & Mary Alice (Rucker) Gibbs] John R Gibbs 33 Male Maryland White Mary A Gibbs 18 Female Texas White --------------------------------------------------------------- [1870 census for Freestone Co., TX. - by H. M. Majors; handwritten 21] [Page 3, July 4, The Town of Fairfield, Precinct 1 ] Julia A Gibbs 9/12 Female White Texas September [Julia A. (Murray) Rucker w1/o Mr. Boone w2/o Robert T. Rucker m 22 Oct 1849 in Polk Co., TX.] Julie Rucker 52 Female White Mississippi Floren Rucker 15 Female White Texas [Florence E.] 11/11 [Sheriff James Bonner & Sarah Virginia (Tatum) Rogers] James B Rogers 34 Male White Georgia Salla V Rogers 26 Female White Alabama Mary T Rogers 7 Female White Alabama Sarah V Rogers 4 Female White Texas Robert Rogers 1 Male White Texas [Thomas Tatum] Thomas Tatum 22 Male White Alabama [* unknown *] Rochel Newel 23 Female Texas Black George Newel 8 Male Texas White [* unknown *] Aben Sales 17 Male Texas White 12/12 [Woodard L. Ace & Susan Ann (Harrison) Noland] Wood Noland 27 Male White Mississippi Susan Noland 28 Female White Mississippi William E Noland 3 Male White Texas Henry H Noland 2 Male White Texas [* Unknown *] Sallie H Noland 25 Female White Mississippi [Sarah was d/o Henry Harrison Noland] Sarah F Noland 17 Female White Texas [* Unknown *] Abe Rake 23 Male White Switzerland [* Unknown *] Beny Jacobs 23 Male Black Texas Susan Jacobs 23 Female Black La [* Unknown *] James Smith 25 Male White Va [* Unknown *] Ophlolla Cantilon 13 Female Mulatto La [Asa Green & Fannie Lavinia (Noland) Anderson; m 14 May 1868 in F.C.] Asa Anderson 32 Male White Mississippi Fanny Anderson 19 Female White Mississippi Arthea Lee Anderson 1 Male White Texas [Arthur Lee] [Zachariah J Anderson, brother to Asa Green Anderson earlier] Zachariah T Anderson 30 Male White Mississippi [Robert Francis & Emma E (Anderson) Chandler; m 10 Nov 1868 in F.C.] Robt Chandler 29 Male White Alabama Emma E Chandler 25 Female White Mississippi [Thomas L. & Alice M. (Cotten) Wylie; m 14 Jan 1869 in F.C.] Thomas Wylie 35 Male White Tenn Alise Wylie 24 Female White Mississippi [* Unknown *] Watson Wylie 23 Male White Ireland [Samuel C. Mendell; m 10 Jun 1869 in F.C. to Margaret D. (Foreman) but she is not with him; she is in Alto, Cherokee Co., TX with her newborn, Ben. Her folks are in Alto, TX.] S C Mendel 40 Male White Ky [William & Anna (Mendick) Kamsler] William Kamsler 29 Male White Austria Anny Kamsler 18 Female White New York [Charles Henry Graves] Charles Graves 25 Male White Georgia [* Unknown *] Rebecca J Roberto 26 Female White Alabama William B Roberto 23 Male White Alabama Eliza A Roberto 53 Female White South Carolina 13/13 James Robertson 62 Male White Alabama --------------------------------------------------------------- [1870 census for Freestone Co., TX. - by H. M. Majors; handwritten 21] [Page 4, July 4, The Town of Fairfield, Precinct 1 ] Elizebeth Robertson 16 Female Alabama White John L Robertson 13 Male Texas White Thomas H Robertson 10 Male Texas White Sarah H Robertson 10 Female Texas White James McArther 24 Male Alabama White 14/14 James Bluett 24 Male Alabama Black Sarah Bluett 24 Female Alabama Mulatto Tresey Bluett 2 Female Alabama Mulatto 15/15 James A Moody 50 Male Virginia White Marcilla Moody 30 Male Virginia White Maning E Moody 30 Female Alabama White Jane Moody 13 Female Texas White James D Moody 11 Male Texas White Mary Moody 9 Female Texas White Daniel L Moody 7 Male Texas White John Daboard 43 Male Virginia White Mary E Daboard 38 Female England White Caroline Auduby 18 Female Alabama Black Columbus Auduby 3 Female Texas Mulatto 16/16 Thedorah Jones 30 Female Tennessee White Bettie G Jones 30 Female South Carolina White Thedore Jones 10 Male Texas White Jesse Jones 8 Female Texas White Anna B Jones 6 Female Texas White Osamblin Jones 6/12 Male Texas White Ellen Walker 10 Female Texas White 17/17 James D Miles 35 Male Alabama White Ellen S Miles 31 Female South Carolina White Anist D Miles 12 Female Alabama White Etseto G Miles 11 Female Alabama White Agilla Miles 4 Female Texas White Isam Miles 15 Male Kentucky Black 18/18 Joseph Augustine 31 Male Italy White 19/19 Jesse B Evans 50 Male Louisiana White Lauretta A Evans 31 Female Alabama White Martha S Evans 13 Female Texas White Esellina Evans 10 Male Texas White John G Evans 5 Male Texas White Cary Lucy Evans 40 Female Alabama White Lucy Evans 15 Female Alabama White --------------------------------------------------------------- [1870 census for Freestone Co., TX. - by H. M. Majors; handwritten 21] [Page 5, July 5, The Town of Fairfield, Precinct 1 ] Salla Evans 10 Female Texas White Mary Evans 8 Female Texas White John Evans 6 Male Texas White 20/20 Jesse C Evans 30 Male Louisiana White Elizebeth Evans 27 Female Tennessee White Salla C Evans 7 Female Texas White Eva O Evans 21 Female Texas White William E Evans 2 Male Texas White Henry Simms 10 Male Louisiana Black 21/21 Anna E Evans 45 Female Louisiana White John R Evans 21 Male Alabama White Amanda Evans 16 Female Alabama White Cathena Evans 13 Female Texas White Charles H Evans 10 Male Texas White 22/22 Mary Ann Steele 39 Female Alabama White Robt A Steele 18 Male Texas White Martha D Steele 15 Female Texas White Edward A Steele 12 Male Texas White Mary Steele 10 Female Texas White 23/23 Wm T Watson 45 Male Virginia White Mary F Watson 35 Female Alabama White Thomas R Watson 16 Male Texas White Martha E Watson 14 Female Texas White William T Watson 13 Male Texas White John B Watson 12 Male Texas White Elizebeth Sule* 35 Female Louisiana White 24/24 L T Watson 29 Male Tennessee White Martha E Watson 25 Female Mississippi White Mary D Watson 2 Female Texas White John L Watson 7/12 Male Texas White November 25/25 Wm M Peck 48 Male Tennessee White N E Peck 34 Female Tennessee White Lafetta Peck 12 Male Texas White Eugene F Peck 10 Female Texas White Ebepoy Peck 6/12 Female Texas White December Phillis Peters 12 Female Texas Black 26/26 Silas F Starley 47 Male Alabama White Margrett Starley 35 Female Tennessee White William F Starley 26 Male Texas White John F Starley 20 Male Texas White --------------------------------------------------------------- [1870 census for Freestone Co., TX. - by H. M. Majors; handwritten 21] [Page 6, July 6, The Town of Fairfield, Precinct 1 ] Martha E Starley 16 Female Texas White Emma Starley 14 Female Texas White Lemuel A Starley 8 Male Texas White Mary Starley 6 Female Texas White Maggie Starley 4 Female Texas White Salla C Starley 1 Female Texas White H Robertson 35 Female Texas Black Rubi Robertson 14 Male Texas Mulatto Jenny Robertson 11 Female Texas Mulatto William Robertson 5 Male Texas Mulatto Fanny Robertson 3 Female Texas Mulatto Reubin Harper 50 Male Louisiana Black 27/27 Lewis Miller 26 Male Prussia White John Miller 65 Male Prussia White Elvesie A Miller 21 Female Prussia White 28/28 Clay Robertson Male 37 Tennessee White Nancy F Robertson Female 33 Mississippi White Ella Walker Female 20 Alabama Mulatto Monk Walker Male 3 Texas Mulatto Martha Walker Female 1 Texas Mulatto John Robertson Male 14 Texas Mulatto 29/29 Rolls J Bryant Male 29 Tennessee White Mollie Bryant Female 22 Illinois White Ermagene Bryant Female 3 Texas White Sarah Marsh Female 49 Massachusetts White Thomas Clark Male 9 Texas White 30/30 Joshua Wallas Male 48 Kentucky White Sarah J Wallas Female 31 Tennessee White Mary Y Wallas Female 14 Texas White Edward S Wallas Male 6 Texas White Elizabeth Wallas Female 1 Texas White Nmsa James Female 22 Texas Black John Williams Male 24 Alabama White 31/31 A M Vanigan Male 37 Tennessee White Martha Vanigan Female 25 Alabama White Themia M Vanigan Male 4 Texas White Mary F Vanigan Female 2 Texas White John Adams Male 21 Alabama Black May Adams Female 20 Alabama Black L D Bradley Male 39 Alabama White --------------------------------------------------------------- [1870 census for Freestone Co., TX. - by H. M. Majors; handwritten 21] [Page 7, July 6, The Town of Fairfield, Precinct 1 ] Mary R Bradley Female 31 Alabama White Caroline Bradley Female 9 Texas White Anna Bradley Female 5 Texas White Mary Bradley Female 2 Texas White George D Bradley Female 0 Texas White